With the widespread use of embedded systems, chaos is a nonlinear system with certainty and complexity. It is an important topic in the field of information security at present, and it is an effective way to apply to embedded systems. It has great practical value in theory and in practice. This research mainly focuses on the encryption technology of SQLite embedded database and proposes an improved sparrow algorithm (Logistic Chaos Sparrow Search Algorithm, LCSSA) based on Logistic Chaos Map. It shows that the security level of SQLite in web development is higher than that of conventional Access. The population is initialized by the logistic chaotic mapping method, which improves the quality of the initial solution, increases the diversity of the population, and reduces the risk of premature maturity of the algorithm. The initial value y 0 determines the encryption method of the nonlinear function. Taking the integer variable (int) as an example, the value range is -231~231. It can be seen that the key space is sufficient to prevent various conventional attacks. When the key is the wrong key, decryption will not yield any data. It can be found that encryption and decryption are very sensitive to the key, which is also determined by the sensitivity of chaotic encryption system to the initial value. The benchmark function compares the performance of the improved algorithm with the algorithm before the improvement and compares it with the SSA. The LCSSA has better convergence performance, higher accuracy, and better stability.
{"title":"SQLite Encryption Method for Embedded Databases Based on Chaos Algorithm","authors":"Junlong Shi","doi":"10.1155/2023/5187602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5187602","url":null,"abstract":"With the widespread use of embedded systems, chaos is a nonlinear system with certainty and complexity. It is an important topic in the field of information security at present, and it is an effective way to apply to embedded systems. It has great practical value in theory and in practice. This research mainly focuses on the encryption technology of SQLite embedded database and proposes an improved sparrow algorithm (Logistic Chaos Sparrow Search Algorithm, LCSSA) based on Logistic Chaos Map. It shows that the security level of SQLite in web development is higher than that of conventional Access. The population is initialized by the logistic chaotic mapping method, which improves the quality of the initial solution, increases the diversity of the population, and reduces the risk of premature maturity of the algorithm. The initial value \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 y\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 0\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 determines the encryption method of the nonlinear function. Taking the integer variable (int) as an example, the value range is -231~231. It can be seen that the key space is sufficient to prevent various conventional attacks. When the key is the wrong key, decryption will not yield any data. It can be found that encryption and decryption are very sensitive to the key, which is also determined by the sensitivity of chaotic encryption system to the initial value. The benchmark function compares the performance of the improved algorithm with the algorithm before the improvement and compares it with the SSA. The LCSSA has better convergence performance, higher accuracy, and better stability.","PeriodicalId":14766,"journal":{"name":"J. Appl. Math.","volume":"23 1","pages":"5187602:1-5187602:10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91184763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Identity information security is faced with various challenges, and the traditional identification technology cannot meet the needs of public security. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore and study new identification technologies. In order to solve the complex image preprocessing problems, difficult feature extraction by artificial design algorithm, and low accuracy of lip print recognition, a method based on the convolutional neural network is proposed, by building a convolutional neural network called LPRNet (Lip Print Recognition Network). The obtained lip print image is inputted into the training recognition model of the network to simplify the lip print image preprocessing. By extracting feature information and sampling operation, the model training parameters are reduced, which overcomes the difficulty of designing a complex algorithm to extract features. By analyzing and comparing the experimental results, a higher recognition rate is obtained, and the validity of the method is verified.
{"title":"Lip Print Recognition Algorithm Based on Convolutional Network","authors":"Hongcheng Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2023/4448861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4448861","url":null,"abstract":"Identity information security is faced with various challenges, and the traditional identification technology cannot meet the needs of public security. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore and study new identification technologies. In order to solve the complex image preprocessing problems, difficult feature extraction by artificial design algorithm, and low accuracy of lip print recognition, a method based on the convolutional neural network is proposed, by building a convolutional neural network called LPRNet (Lip Print Recognition Network). The obtained lip print image is inputted into the training recognition model of the network to simplify the lip print image preprocessing. By extracting feature information and sampling operation, the model training parameters are reduced, which overcomes the difficulty of designing a complex algorithm to extract features. By analyzing and comparing the experimental results, a higher recognition rate is obtained, and the validity of the method is verified.","PeriodicalId":14766,"journal":{"name":"J. Appl. Math.","volume":"35 1","pages":"4448861:1-4448861:8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75254758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the general framework for calculating the stability of equilibria, Hopf bifurcation of a delayed prey-predator system with an SI type of disease in the prey population, is investigated. The impact of the incubation period delay on disease transmission utilizing a nonlinear incidence rate was taken into account. For the purpose of explaining the predation process, a modified Holling type II functional response was used. First, the existence, uniform boundedness, and positivity of the solutions of the considered model system, along with the behavior of equilibria and the existence of Hopf bifurcation, are studied. The critical values of the delay parameter for which stability switches and the nature of the Hopf bifurcation by using normal form theory and center manifold theorem are identified. Additionally, using numerical simulations and a hypothetical dataset, various dynamic characteristics are discovered, including stability switches, chaos, and Hopf bifurcation scenarios.
{"title":"The Dynamics of a Delayed Ecoepidemiological Model with Nonlinear Incidence Rate","authors":"R. M. Hussien, R. K. Naji","doi":"10.1155/2023/1366763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1366763","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the general framework for calculating the stability of equilibria, Hopf bifurcation of a delayed prey-predator system with an SI type of disease in the prey population, is investigated. The impact of the incubation period delay on disease transmission utilizing a nonlinear incidence rate was taken into account. For the purpose of explaining the predation process, a modified Holling type II functional response was used. First, the existence, uniform boundedness, and positivity of the solutions of the considered model system, along with the behavior of equilibria and the existence of Hopf bifurcation, are studied. The critical values of the delay parameter for which stability switches and the nature of the Hopf bifurcation by using normal form theory and center manifold theorem are identified. Additionally, using numerical simulations and a hypothetical dataset, various dynamic characteristics are discovered, including stability switches, chaos, and Hopf bifurcation scenarios.","PeriodicalId":14766,"journal":{"name":"J. Appl. Math.","volume":"1 1","pages":"1366763:1-1366763:24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91218406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crime is one among the most challenging problems in most developing countries in which unemployment is among the causes. Not all kind of crimes can be eradicated indeed; this paper is intended to contribute on eradication of unemployment-related crimes in the developing countries by proposing a deterministic mathematical model of unemployment-crime dynamics including vocational training and employment as control measures for crime. The study adopts the epidemiological model concepts on model formulation and model analysis while considering unemployment as main driver of crime. The basic properties of the model are analyzed, and well-posed of the model is established by using the Lipschitz condition. The next-generation matrix is used to obtain the criminal reproduction number which help to derive the conditions for local and global stability of the model. Moreover, the existence of backward and forward bifurcation when the crime reproduction number is equal to one was analyzed by center manifold theory. Simulations of the model are carried out to validate the theoretical part of the model and demonstrate vocational training, and employment strategies are more effective in combating crime when applied simultaneously. The findings suggest that unemployment problem should be addressed in order to reduce the number of unemployed individuals in joining the criminal activities.
{"title":"Mathematical Model for Crimes in Developing Countries with Some Control Strategies","authors":"Bilali Mataru, O. J. Abonyo, D. Malonza","doi":"10.1155/2023/8699882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8699882","url":null,"abstract":"Crime is one among the most challenging problems in most developing countries in which unemployment is among the causes. Not all kind of crimes can be eradicated indeed; this paper is intended to contribute on eradication of unemployment-related crimes in the developing countries by proposing a deterministic mathematical model of unemployment-crime dynamics including vocational training and employment as control measures for crime. The study adopts the epidemiological model concepts on model formulation and model analysis while considering unemployment as main driver of crime. The basic properties of the model are analyzed, and well-posed of the model is established by using the Lipschitz condition. The next-generation matrix is used to obtain the criminal reproduction number which help to derive the conditions for local and global stability of the model. Moreover, the existence of backward and forward bifurcation when the crime reproduction number is equal to one was analyzed by center manifold theory. Simulations of the model are carried out to validate the theoretical part of the model and demonstrate vocational training, and employment strategies are more effective in combating crime when applied simultaneously. The findings suggest that unemployment problem should be addressed in order to reduce the number of unemployed individuals in joining the criminal activities.","PeriodicalId":14766,"journal":{"name":"J. Appl. Math.","volume":"128 1","pages":"8699882:1-8699882:14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78751620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saviour Worlanyo Akuamoah, John Coker Ayimah, D. Yaro, Elikem Kofi Krampa, Awura Amma Adomaa Danso
In this study, a novel modified SIR model is presented with two control measures to predict the endpoint of COVID-19, in top three sub-Saharan African countries (South Africa, Ethiopia, and Kenya) including Ghana and top four European countries (France, Germany, UK, and Italy). The reproduction number’s sensitivity indices with regard to the model parameters were explicitly derived and then numerically evaluated. Numerical simulations of the suggested optimal control schemes in general showed a continuous result of decline at different anticipated extinction timelines. Another interesting observation was that in the simulation of sub-Saharan African dynamics, it was observed that the use of personal protective equipment was more effective than the use of vaccination, whereas in Europe, the use of vaccination was more effective than personal protective equipment. From the simulations, the conclusion is that COVID-19 will end before the 3rd year in Ghana, before the 6th year in Kenya, and before the 9th year in both Ethiopia and South Africa.
{"title":"Predicting COVID-19 Pandemic Endpoint in Some Sub-Saharan African and European Countries","authors":"Saviour Worlanyo Akuamoah, John Coker Ayimah, D. Yaro, Elikem Kofi Krampa, Awura Amma Adomaa Danso","doi":"10.1155/2023/7882843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7882843","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel modified SIR model is presented with two control measures to predict the endpoint of COVID-19, in top three sub-Saharan African countries (South Africa, Ethiopia, and Kenya) including Ghana and top four European countries (France, Germany, UK, and Italy). The reproduction number’s sensitivity indices with regard to the model parameters were explicitly derived and then numerically evaluated. Numerical simulations of the suggested optimal control schemes in general showed a continuous result of decline at different anticipated extinction timelines. Another interesting observation was that in the simulation of sub-Saharan African dynamics, it was observed that the use of personal protective equipment was more effective than the use of vaccination, whereas in Europe, the use of vaccination was more effective than personal protective equipment. From the simulations, the conclusion is that COVID-19 will end before the 3rd year in Ghana, before the 6th year in Kenya, and before the 9th year in both Ethiopia and South Africa.","PeriodicalId":14766,"journal":{"name":"J. Appl. Math.","volume":"4 1","pages":"7882843:1-7882843:10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78355909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we provide refined inequalities for a convex Riemann’s integrable function using refinements of the classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality. The obtained results are applied on special functions to establish new improvements of inequalities on the weighted logarithmic mean and weighted identric mean. Moreover, corresponding operator inequalities are introduced based on the scalar inequalities and the monotonicity property for operators.
{"title":"Improvements of Logarithmic and Identric Mean Inequalities for Scalars and Operators","authors":"Aliaa Burqan, Abeer Abu-Snainah, Rania Saadeh","doi":"10.1155/2023/5195233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5195233","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we provide refined inequalities for a convex Riemann’s integrable function using refinements of the classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality. The obtained results are applied on special functions to establish new improvements of inequalities on the weighted logarithmic mean and weighted identric mean. Moreover, corresponding operator inequalities are introduced based on the scalar inequalities and the monotonicity property for operators.","PeriodicalId":14766,"journal":{"name":"J. Appl. Math.","volume":"225 1","pages":"5195233:1-5195233:7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76311485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the solution of a third kind mixed integro-differential equation (MIDE) in displacement type in space L 2 − 1 , 1 × C 0 , T , T < 1 . The singular kernel is modified to take a logarithmic form, while the kernels of time are continuous and positive functions. Using the separation of variables technique, we have a system of Fredholm integral equations (FIEs) that can be transformed into an algebraic system after using orthogonal polynomials. In all the previous researchers’ works, the time periods were divided, and the mixed equation transformed into an algebraic system of FIEs. While when using the separation method, we are able to obtain FIE with time coefficients, and these functions are described as an integral operator in time. Thus, we can study the behavior of the solution with the time dimension in a broader and deeper than the previous one. Some examples are given and discussed to show the performance and efficiency of the proposed methods.
本文研究了空间l2−1,1 × c0, T, T < 1中位移型第三类混合积分-微分方程的解。将奇异核修改为对数形式，而时间核是连续的正函数。利用分离变量技术，我们得到了一个Fredholm积分方程系统，该系统可以在使用正交多项式后转化为代数系统。在前人的研究中，均对时间周期进行了划分，将混合方程转化为FIEs的代数系统。而当采用分离方法时，我们可以得到带时间系数的FIE，这些函数被描述为时间上的积分算子。因此，我们可以在比以前更广泛和更深的范围内研究解随时间维度的行为。最后给出了一些算例，说明了所提方法的性能和有效性。
{"title":"On a Solution of a Third Kind Mixed Integro-Differential Equation with Singular Kernel Using Orthogonal Polynomial Method","authors":"Ahmad Alalyani, M. A. Abdou, M. Basseem","doi":"10.1155/2023/5163398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5163398","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the solution of a third kind mixed integro-differential equation (MIDE) in displacement type in space \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 L\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 1\u0000 ,\u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ×\u0000 C\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 0\u0000 ,\u0000 T\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ,\u0000 T\u0000 <\u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 . The singular kernel is modified to take a logarithmic form, while the kernels of time are continuous and positive functions. Using the separation of variables technique, we have a system of Fredholm integral equations (FIEs) that can be transformed into an algebraic system after using orthogonal polynomials. In all the previous researchers’ works, the time periods were divided, and the mixed equation transformed into an algebraic system of FIEs. While when using the separation method, we are able to obtain FIE with time coefficients, and these functions are described as an integral operator in time. Thus, we can study the behavior of the solution with the time dimension in a broader and deeper than the previous one. Some examples are given and discussed to show the performance and efficiency of the proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":14766,"journal":{"name":"J. Appl. Math.","volume":"8 1","pages":"5163398:1-5163398:9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80235869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mathematical models have been widely used to explain the system originating from human-nature interaction, investigate the impacts of various components, and forecast system behaviour. This paper provides a profound reference to the current state of the art regarding the application of mathematical models to study the impact of human population and population pressure on forest biomass and forest-dependent wildlife. The review focused on two aspects, namely, model formulation and model analysis. In model formulation, the review revealed that socioeconomic status influences forest resource consumption patterns, thus, stratification of the human population based on economic status is a critical phenomenon in modelling human-nature interactions; however, this component has not been featured in the reviewed models. Regarding model analysis, in most of the reviewed work, single parameter approach was utilized to perform uncertainty quantification of the model parameter; this approach has been proven to be inadequate in measuring the uncertainty and sensitivity of the parameter. Thus, the use of correlation or variance based methods, which are multidimensional parameter space methods are of significant importance. Generally, despite the limitations of many assumptions in mathematical modelling, it is revealed that mathematical models demonstrate the ability to handle complex systems originating from interactions between humans and nature.
{"title":"Modelling the Impact of Human Population and Its Associated Pressure on Forest Biomass and Forest-Dependent Wildlife Population","authors":"Ibrahim M. Fanuel, Damian Kajunguri, F. Moyo","doi":"10.1155/2023/4826313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4826313","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical models have been widely used to explain the system originating from human-nature interaction, investigate the impacts of various components, and forecast system behaviour. This paper provides a profound reference to the current state of the art regarding the application of mathematical models to study the impact of human population and population pressure on forest biomass and forest-dependent wildlife. The review focused on two aspects, namely, model formulation and model analysis. In model formulation, the review revealed that socioeconomic status influences forest resource consumption patterns, thus, stratification of the human population based on economic status is a critical phenomenon in modelling human-nature interactions; however, this component has not been featured in the reviewed models. Regarding model analysis, in most of the reviewed work, single parameter approach was utilized to perform uncertainty quantification of the model parameter; this approach has been proven to be inadequate in measuring the uncertainty and sensitivity of the parameter. Thus, the use of correlation or variance based methods, which are multidimensional parameter space methods are of significant importance. Generally, despite the limitations of many assumptions in mathematical modelling, it is revealed that mathematical models demonstrate the ability to handle complex systems originating from interactions between humans and nature.","PeriodicalId":14766,"journal":{"name":"J. Appl. Math.","volume":"30 1","pages":"4826313:1-4826313:9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80888822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hariyanto, Y. D. Sumanto, S. Khabibah, Zaenurrohman
{"title":"Average-Based Fuzzy Time Series Markov Chain Based on Frequency Density Partitioning","authors":"S. Hariyanto, Y. D. Sumanto, S. Khabibah, Zaenurrohman","doi":"10.1155/2023/9319883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9319883","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14766,"journal":{"name":"J. Appl. Math.","volume":"Suppl 1","pages":"9319883:1-9319883:9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89578021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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