Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2158
S. Nagaraj
Antifungals compounds have gained significant attention, and in this context, fluconazole as an antifungal is used predominantly, and the use of a nanoformulated form of this is discussed. Fluconazole, an FDA-approved antibiotic, is an effective antimicrobial especially used to treat fungal infections. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it contains fluoride with triazole functionality. Its efficacy against various types of fungus is demonstrated. Although it is one of the effective antibiotics, its side effects are well documented, and due to this, many techniques are tried to improve its efficacy with lesser side effects. In this respect, nanoparticles play a crucial role, and many studies worldwide are carried out on this aspect. Among many nano techniques use of chitosan as well as lipid carriers of fluconazole are being considered. However, systematic studies are warranted to take this aspect into clinical trials. Nano-based platforms seem to be an alternating hope to combat resistance and side effect. A thorough study is the need of the hour to devise a proper nano-based strategy of fluconazole.
{"title":"A brief review of fluconazole as an antifungal agent and the need for research into its nanoformulation","authors":"S. Nagaraj","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2158","url":null,"abstract":"Antifungals compounds have gained significant attention, and in this context, fluconazole as an antifungal is used predominantly, and the use of a nanoformulated form of this is discussed.\u0000\u0000Fluconazole, an FDA-approved antibiotic, is an effective antimicrobial especially used to treat fungal infections. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it contains fluoride with triazole functionality. Its efficacy against various types of fungus is demonstrated.\u0000\u0000Although it is one of the effective antibiotics, its side effects are well documented, and due to this, many techniques are tried to improve its efficacy with lesser side effects.\u0000\u0000In this respect, nanoparticles play a crucial role, and many studies worldwide are carried out on this aspect. Among many nano techniques use of chitosan as well as lipid carriers of fluconazole are being considered. However, systematic studies are warranted to take this aspect into clinical trials.\u0000\u0000Nano-based platforms seem to be an alternating hope to combat resistance and side effect.\u0000\u0000A thorough study is the need of the hour to devise a proper nano-based strategy of fluconazole.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81191442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2157
V. Volovetskyi, Ya. Doroshenko, S. Stetsiuk, S. Matkivskyi, O. Shchyrba, Y. Femiak, G. Kogut
The purpose is to consider the complications that arise during the operation of gas condensate wells, in particular, the accumulation of liquid contamination. Development of new approaches to improve the efficiency of the separation equipment performance of gas gathering and treatment systems when a multiphase flow enters. Development of a foam breaking method in a gas-liquid flow after removal of liquid contaminants from wells and flowlines using surfactants. An analysis was made of the complications that may arise when removing liquid contaminants from wells and flowlines using surfactants. Measures have been developed that will make it possible to timely prevent the ingress of foam into the separation equipment of gas gathering and treatment systems. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling, an effective foam-breaking device was developed by supplying stable hydrocarbon condensate. A method to minimize the negative impact of foam on the operation of separation equipment after fluid removal from wells and gas condensate field flowlines using a surfactant solution was elaborated. A method for its breaking was proposed to prevent the flow of foam into the gas processing unit. This method foresees the application of the technological scheme layout for supplying a stable hydrocarbon condensate to a gas-liquid flow entering the separators of the first of separation, both the main line and the measuring line. CFD modelling was used to study the process of foam breaking by feeding hydrocarbon condensate into it. The influence of the hydrocarbon condensate supplying method on gas-dynamic processes (distribution of pressure, velocity, volumetric particles of phases), and the efficiency of foam breaking was estimated. It was established that the supply of hydrocarbon condensate from one branch pipe to the pipeline through which the foam moved did not ensure its complete breaking. To increase the efficiency of foam breaking, a device with designed four nozzles for supplying hydrocarbon condensate was developed. CFD modelling made it possible to substantiate that in this case, a pressure reduction zone appeared at the place of condensate supply. Because of a sharp change in pressure, a strong improvement in the effect of foam breaking occurred. The understanding of the regularities of foam breaking processes by hydrocarbon condensate was obtained, and the design of a device for the complete foam breaking was developed. The obtained results of laboratory studies have shown that a sharp decrease in the stability of the foam occurs under the condition of an increase in the volume of stable hydrocarbon condensate added to the studied model of mineralized formation water. Based on the results of CFD modeling, a device for breaking foam by stable hydrocarbon condensate has been worked out, the effectiveness of which will be confirmed experimentally and in field conditions. The results of the performed laboratory studies and CFD modelling allow a mo
{"title":"Development of foam-breaking measures after removing liquid contamination from wells and flowlines by using surface-active substances","authors":"V. Volovetskyi, Ya. Doroshenko, S. Stetsiuk, S. Matkivskyi, O. Shchyrba, Y. Femiak, G. Kogut","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2157","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose is to consider the complications that arise during the operation of gas condensate wells, in particular, the accumulation of liquid contamination. Development of new approaches to improve the efficiency of the separation equipment performance of gas gathering and treatment systems when a multiphase flow enters. Development of a foam breaking method in a gas-liquid flow after removal of liquid contaminants from wells and flowlines using surfactants.\u0000\u0000An analysis was made of the complications that may arise when removing liquid contaminants from wells and flowlines using surfactants. Measures have been developed that will make it possible to timely prevent the ingress of foam into the separation equipment of gas gathering and treatment systems. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling, an effective foam-breaking device was developed by supplying stable hydrocarbon condensate.\u0000\u0000A method to minimize the negative impact of foam on the operation of separation equipment after fluid removal from wells and gas condensate field flowlines using a surfactant solution was elaborated. A method for its breaking was proposed to prevent the flow of foam into the gas processing unit. This method foresees the application of the technological scheme layout for supplying a stable hydrocarbon condensate to a gas-liquid flow entering the separators of the first of separation, both the main line and the measuring line. CFD modelling was used to study the process of foam breaking by feeding hydrocarbon condensate into it. The influence of the hydrocarbon condensate supplying method on gas-dynamic processes (distribution of pressure, velocity, volumetric particles of phases), and the efficiency of foam breaking was estimated. It was established that the supply of hydrocarbon condensate from one branch pipe to the pipeline through which the foam moved did not ensure its complete breaking. To increase the efficiency of foam breaking, a device with designed four nozzles for supplying hydrocarbon condensate was developed. CFD modelling made it possible to substantiate that in this case, a pressure reduction zone appeared at the place of condensate supply. Because of a sharp change in pressure, a strong improvement in the effect of foam breaking occurred. The understanding of the regularities of foam breaking processes by hydrocarbon condensate was obtained, and the design of a device for the complete foam breaking was developed.\u0000\u0000The obtained results of laboratory studies have shown that a sharp decrease in the stability of the foam occurs under the condition of an increase in the volume of stable hydrocarbon condensate added to the studied model of mineralized formation water. Based on the results of CFD modeling, a device for breaking foam by stable hydrocarbon condensate has been worked out, the effectiveness of which will be confirmed experimentally and in field conditions.\u0000\u0000The results of the performed laboratory studies and CFD modelling allow a mo","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73300430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1477
N. Bahiyah Baba, A. S. Ghazali, S. N. Azinee, A. A. Abdul Rahman, S. Sharif
The paper discusses the surface characterisation of electroless nickel-yttria-stabilised zirconia (Ni-YSZ) coating with varying YSZ particle sizes and undergoes heat treatment at a temperature between 300-400°C for 1-2 hours for wear resistance purposes. This finding will be helpful to the application of Ni-YSZ as an alternative coating for cutting tools. The surface characterisation was analysed using JOEL Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) JSM 7800F. The crystallographic structure of materials was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Bruker D8 Advance instrument. The Ni-YSZ coating was deposited using electroless nickel co-deposition of 8YSZ ceramic particles with a nano, mixed and microparticle sizes onto a high-speed steel (HSS) substrate. The coatings were heat treated at temperature 300-400°C and time 1-2 hours. The surface roughness was measured using Mitutoyo surface roughness tester SJ-301. The electroless Ni-YSZ coating deposited has an average thickness of 30 µm. It is found that the coating morphology electroless coating without YSZ particle incorporation (EN) and Ni-YSZ nano (N) is smoother compared to the Ni-YSZ mixed (NM) and Ni-YSZ micro (M). The EDS composition analysis shows the YSZ content in the electroless Ni-YSZ coating for N samples is the lowest, whereas NM samples are the highest. This resulted in the surface roughness behaviour where the mixed-size YSZ particle gives the highest roughness at all temperatures. The XRD analysis shows that heating temperatures above 300°C caused the precipitation of Ni3P crystalline. Previous studies in the surface characterisation of electroless nickel composite are scarce; thus, the study has limitations in finding supporting data. The surface characterisation especially related to the surface roughness of the electroless nickel, either the Ni-P or composites or alloys are rarely reported. Thus, this study enlightened the effect of particle size on surface roughness and morphology of heat-treated coatings.
{"title":"Effect of particle size on surface roughness and morphology of heat-treated electroless Ni-YSZ coating","authors":"N. Bahiyah Baba, A. S. Ghazali, S. N. Azinee, A. A. Abdul Rahman, S. Sharif","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1477","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the surface characterisation of electroless nickel-yttria-stabilised zirconia (Ni-YSZ) coating with varying YSZ particle sizes and undergoes heat treatment at a temperature between 300-400°C for 1-2 hours for wear resistance purposes. This finding will be helpful to the application of Ni-YSZ as an alternative coating for cutting tools.\u0000\u0000The surface characterisation was analysed using JOEL Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) JSM 7800F. The crystallographic structure of materials was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Bruker D8 Advance instrument. The Ni-YSZ coating was deposited using electroless nickel co-deposition of 8YSZ ceramic particles with a nano, mixed and microparticle sizes onto a high-speed steel (HSS) substrate. The coatings were heat treated at temperature 300-400°C and time 1-2 hours. The surface roughness was measured using Mitutoyo surface roughness tester SJ-301.\u0000\u0000The electroless Ni-YSZ coating deposited has an average thickness of 30 µm. It is found that the coating morphology electroless coating without YSZ particle incorporation (EN) and Ni-YSZ nano (N) is smoother compared to the Ni-YSZ mixed (NM) and Ni-YSZ micro (M). The EDS composition analysis shows the YSZ content in the electroless Ni-YSZ coating for N samples is the lowest, whereas NM samples are the highest. This resulted in the surface roughness behaviour where the mixed-size YSZ particle gives the highest roughness at all temperatures. The XRD analysis shows that heating temperatures above 300°C caused the precipitation of Ni3P crystalline.\u0000\u0000Previous studies in the surface characterisation of electroless nickel composite are scarce; thus, the study has limitations in finding supporting data.\u0000\u0000The surface characterisation especially related to the surface roughness of the electroless nickel, either the Ni-P or composites or alloys are rarely reported. Thus, this study enlightened the effect of particle size on surface roughness and morphology of heat-treated coatings.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81861701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1481
S. Shaw, P. Singh, R. Mishra, R. Singh, R. Nayak, S. Bose
Nucleolin is a multifactorial protein, having a significant role in chromatin remodelling, mRNA stability, ribosome biogenesis, stemness, angiogenesis, etc., thus, it is potential therapeutic target in cancer. The purpose of this paper is to study porous silicon (pSi) nanocarrier-based natural drug delivery system targeting dysregulated nucleolin expression for cancer therapeutics. Quercetin was loaded in pre-synthesized and characterized pSi nanoparticles, and release kinetics was studied. The study compared the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of quercetin, synthetic drug doxorubicin, and quercetin-loaded pSi nanoparticles. Further, mRNA expression of a target gene, nucleolin, was tested with a quercetin treated breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Quercetin-loaded pSi nanoparticles followed first-order release kinetics. IC50 was determined at concentrations of 312 nM, 160 µM, and 50 µM against doxorubicin, quercetin, and quercetin-loaded pSi nanoparticles, respectively. The results further indicated 16-fold downregulation of nucleolin mRNA expression after 48h of quercetin treatment of exponentially growing MCF-7 cells. Whether pSi nanoparticle loaded quercetin can significantly downregulate nucleolin protein expression and its impact on apoptosis, cell proliferation, and angiogenic pathways need further investigation. The practical application of the proposed nanocarrier-based drug delivery system potentially lays out a path for developing targeted therapy against nucleolin-dysregulated cancer using natural products to minimize the side effects of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Inhibition of nucleolin and nucleolin regulated pathways using natural compounds and its targeted delivery with nanocarrier is not yet done.
{"title":"Cancer therapeutics strategy using nano-carrier mediated natural drugs","authors":"S. Shaw, P. Singh, R. Mishra, R. Singh, R. Nayak, S. Bose","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1481","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleolin is a multifactorial protein, having a significant role in chromatin remodelling, mRNA stability, ribosome biogenesis, stemness, angiogenesis, etc., thus, it is potential therapeutic target in cancer. The purpose of this paper is to study porous silicon (pSi) nanocarrier-based natural drug delivery system targeting dysregulated nucleolin expression for cancer therapeutics.\u0000\u0000Quercetin was loaded in pre-synthesized and characterized pSi nanoparticles, and release kinetics was studied. The study compared the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of quercetin, synthetic drug doxorubicin, and quercetin-loaded pSi nanoparticles. Further, mRNA expression of a target gene, nucleolin, was tested with a quercetin treated breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).\u0000\u0000Quercetin-loaded pSi nanoparticles followed first-order release kinetics. IC50 was determined at concentrations of 312 nM, 160 µM, and 50 µM against doxorubicin, quercetin, and quercetin-loaded pSi nanoparticles, respectively. The results further indicated 16-fold downregulation of nucleolin mRNA expression after 48h of quercetin treatment of exponentially growing MCF-7 cells.\u0000\u0000Whether pSi nanoparticle loaded quercetin can significantly downregulate nucleolin protein expression and its impact on apoptosis, cell proliferation, and angiogenic pathways need further investigation.\u0000\u0000The practical application of the proposed nanocarrier-based drug delivery system potentially lays out a path for developing targeted therapy against nucleolin-dysregulated cancer using natural products to minimize the side effects of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.\u0000\u0000Inhibition of nucleolin and nucleolin regulated pathways using natural compounds and its targeted delivery with nanocarrier is not yet done.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79246836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1480
V. Krúpa, N. Tymoshenko, V. Kobelnyk, I. Petrechko
This research aims to develop the mathematical model and propose a method for estimating the feed stochasticity impact on the tangential cutting force during turning. The main reason for this research is that the existing models for determining the tangential component of the cutting force do not take into account the stochasticity of the feed rate. Measurements of tangential cutting force during turning on general-purpose lathes with known feed dispersion parameters were made. The mathematical model was developed, and dispersion characteristics (mean value, dispersion and mean square deviation) of the tangential cutting force component depending on the corresponding dispersion characteristics of the feed rate were obtained. The method of assessing the impact of stochasticity of the feed rate on the tangential cutting force is proposed. As the result of the carried-out investigations, it is proved that the stochasticity of the feed rate affects the dispersion of the tangential cutting force during turning. For specific conditions, the share of feed stochasticity in the dispersion of tangential cutting force component is from 40 to 60% and should be taken into account while prescribing rational cutting modes. The obtained results make it possible to adjust the cutting modes, particularly the amount of feed, under the conditions of real equipment to ensure certain power characteristics of the cutting process to prevent overloads during cutting. This investigation benefits to the establishment of additional factors affecting oscillations in the cutting process. The probabilistic-statistical approach is used in this investigation in order to prove that the stochasticity of the feed rate affects the dispersion of the tangential cutting force component.
{"title":"Probability-statistical estimation method of feed influence on the tangential cutting force under turning","authors":"V. Krúpa, N. Tymoshenko, V. Kobelnyk, I. Petrechko","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1480","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to develop the mathematical model and propose a method for estimating the feed stochasticity impact on the tangential cutting force during turning. The main reason for this research is that the existing models for determining the tangential component of the cutting force do not take into account the stochasticity of the feed rate.\u0000\u0000Measurements of tangential cutting force during turning on general-purpose lathes with known feed dispersion parameters were made. The mathematical model was developed, and dispersion characteristics (mean value, dispersion and mean square deviation) of the tangential cutting force component depending on the corresponding dispersion characteristics of the feed rate were obtained. The method of assessing the impact of stochasticity of the feed rate on the tangential cutting force is proposed.\u0000\u0000As the result of the carried-out investigations, it is proved that the stochasticity of the feed rate affects the dispersion of the tangential cutting force during turning. For specific conditions, the share of feed stochasticity in the dispersion of tangential cutting force component is from 40 to 60% and should be taken into account while prescribing rational cutting modes.\u0000\u0000The obtained results make it possible to adjust the cutting modes, particularly the amount of feed, under the conditions of real equipment to ensure certain power characteristics of the cutting process to prevent overloads during cutting. This investigation benefits to the establishment of additional factors affecting oscillations in the cutting process.\u0000\u0000The probabilistic-statistical approach is used in this investigation in order to prove that the stochasticity of the feed rate affects the dispersion of the tangential cutting force component.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84483610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1479
A. Stanula, W. Pilarczyk
Powder metallurgy (PM) lacks a clear method to analyse the combined carbon content based on metallography visualisation, and this article describes the creation of such a method for powder materials. Different methods are used to analyse combined carbon within metallurgical samples, and the hardness of components within the automotive industry is related to this question. The main aim of this paper is to determine if optical microscopy provides a reliable means to assess the combined carbon content. For checking these items, the Optical Microscope will be used, density, hardness of sinter material, and particle size laser analysis of powder for creating the observed compact, and SEM microscope. This investigation provides standardised rules that can be implemented within any material laboratory. The analysis of powder particle size, hardness test, density check, and the investigation of the structure of powder element are presented.
{"title":"Combined carbon content assessment method for powder metallurgy","authors":"A. Stanula, W. Pilarczyk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1479","url":null,"abstract":"Powder metallurgy (PM) lacks a clear method to analyse the combined carbon content based on metallography visualisation, and this article describes the creation of such a method for powder materials.\u0000\u0000Different methods are used to analyse combined carbon within metallurgical samples, and the hardness of components within the automotive industry is related to this question.\u0000\u0000The main aim of this paper is to determine if optical microscopy provides a reliable means to assess the combined carbon content.\u0000\u0000For checking these items, the Optical Microscope will be used, density, hardness of sinter material, and particle size laser analysis of powder for creating the observed compact, and SEM microscope.\u0000\u0000This investigation provides standardised rules that can be implemented within any material laboratory.\u0000\u0000The analysis of powder particle size, hardness test, density check, and the investigation of the structure of powder element are presented.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84111116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1414
P. Selvan, D. Jebaraj, N. Hynes
With the ever-growing demand for conventional fuels, the improvement in the efficiency of the photovoltaic system is the need of the hour. Antireflection coatings enhance the availability of solar power by reducing the percentage of light reflected. A new coating has been developed to improve the solar cell's overall efficiency. This study focuses on enhancing the efficiency of the monocrystalline solar cell when a coating of ZnO-MoO3 is applied at a certain thickness. A layer of ZnO followed by MoO3 is deposited on a Silicon solar cell substrate using a Pulsed Laser Deposition process. Due to the transmissivity d between the two materials, they act as excellent antireflection coating. The layer thickness has been engineered to lie in the maximum absorption spectrum of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, which is between 400 and 800 nanometers. Based on the calculation of transmissivities for a given layer thickness of coating material, the coating has been done, and the efficiencies of the coated specimen were compared with the uncoated solar cell. The percentage improvement in the electrical efficiency of a single crystalline silicon solar cell with an anti-reflection coating at 1059 W/m2 is about 35.7%. Among the available antireflection coating materials, the combination that provides better efficiency when coated on top of a solar cell is hard to find. This anti-reflection coating could be a better solution to enhance the overall efficiency of the single crystalline silicon solar cell. Although ZnO and MoO3 coatings have been investigated separately for improvement in solar cell efficiency with varying levels of success, the hybrid coating of ZnO/MoO3 with a performance enhancement of 35.7% is a great leap.
{"title":"Pulsed laser deposition of ZnO and MoO3 as reflection prohibitors on photovoltaic cell substrate to enhance the efficiency","authors":"P. Selvan, D. Jebaraj, N. Hynes","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1414","url":null,"abstract":"With the ever-growing demand for conventional fuels, the improvement in the efficiency of the photovoltaic system is the need of the hour. Antireflection coatings enhance the availability of solar power by reducing the percentage of light reflected. A new coating has been developed to improve the solar cell's overall efficiency. This study focuses on enhancing the efficiency of the monocrystalline solar cell when a coating of ZnO-MoO3 is applied at a certain thickness.\u0000\u0000A layer of ZnO followed by MoO3 is deposited on a Silicon solar cell substrate using a Pulsed Laser Deposition process. Due to the transmissivity d between the two materials, they act as excellent antireflection coating. The layer thickness has been engineered to lie in the maximum absorption spectrum of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, which is between 400 and 800 nanometers.\u0000\u0000Based on the calculation of transmissivities for a given layer thickness of coating material, the coating has been done, and the efficiencies of the coated specimen were compared with the uncoated solar cell. The percentage improvement in the electrical efficiency of a single crystalline silicon solar cell with an anti-reflection coating at 1059 W/m2 is about 35.7%.\u0000\u0000Among the available antireflection coating materials, the combination that provides better efficiency when coated on top of a solar cell is hard to find.\u0000\u0000This anti-reflection coating could be a better solution to enhance the overall efficiency of the single crystalline silicon solar cell.\u0000\u0000Although ZnO and MoO3 coatings have been investigated separately for improvement in solar cell efficiency with varying levels of success, the hybrid coating of ZnO/MoO3 with a performance enhancement of 35.7% is a great leap.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85429693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1405
V. Sebko, Y. Pyrozhenko, N. Zashchepkina, V. Zdorenko, O. Markina
of the article is to study a four-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of samples of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from a microbrewery based on a magnetic flux probe (MFP), which considers the influence of informative parameters of beer effluents on the components of the amplitude and phase signals of a multiparameter device. The implementation of the four-parameter method is carried out on the basis of the dependences G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2) at two frequencies of the electromagnetic field f0 and f1 for acid, alkaline and average effluent and allows you to jointly determine the four parameters of effluent samples with the same converter in the same control area. The proposed method makes it possible to improve the accuracy of identifying effluent samples since the obtained multiparameter information makes it possible to determine the nature and properties of effluent samples using only one transducer with certain physical characteristics. The research results lead to the expansion of the technical capabilities of electromagnetic measurement methods, as well as to an increase in the metrological characteristics of electromagnetic transducers and an increase in the accuracy of measuring the parameters of effluent samples compared to reference methods and measuring instruments. Thus, the implementation of this approach contributes to the prediction and prevention of the reasons for the deviation of beer effluent samples from the specified indicators of environmental safety. The universal conversion functions MFP have been established, connecting the amplitude and phase components of the converter signals with the parameters k, εr, t and ρ of acidic, alkaline and average effluents. Based on the universal transformation functions G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2), a four-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline, and average effluents from breweries has been developed. When conducting research at two close frequencies of the electromagnetic field f0 = 20.3 MHz and f1 = 22 MHz, algorithms were obtained for measuring and calculating procedures for determining k, εr, t and ρ for samples of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from the brewing industry. Research perspectives consist in the creation of automated systems for multiparameter measuring control of the physicochemical characteristics of acidic and alkaline effluent from food and processing industries based on the immersed electromagnetic transducer. Based on the data obtained using informative methods to measure the parameters of effluent samples, an integrated method for treating beer effluents of various compositions will be proposed. At the same time, the scheme of the integrated treatment method should include a filter that provides the introduction of a magnetic f
本文研究了一种基于磁通探头(MFP)的四参数电磁法联合测量某微型啤酒厂酸性、碱性和平均流出液样品的电阻率k、相对介电常数εr、温度t和密度ρ的方法，该方法考虑了啤酒流出液的信息参数对多参数装置的幅相信号分量的影响。四参数法的实现是基于酸性、碱性和平均出水在电磁场f0和f1两个频率下G1 = f (A1)和G2 = f (A2)的依赖关系进行的，可以在同一控制区域内使用同一转换器共同确定出水样品的四个参数。所提出的方法可以提高识别流出液样品的准确性，因为所获得的多参数信息使得仅使用具有某些物理特性的一个换能器就可以确定流出液样品的性质和特性。研究成果拓展了电磁测量方法的技术能力，提高了电磁换能器的计量特性，与参考方法和测量仪器相比，提高了对出水样品参数的测量精度。因此，该方法的实施有助于预测和预防啤酒废水样品偏离环境安全指标的原因。建立了通用转换函数MFP，将变换器信号的振幅和相位分量与酸性、碱性和平均废水的k、εr、t和ρ参数联系起来。基于通用变换函数G1 = f (A1)和G2 = f (A2)，提出了一种联合测量酒厂酸性、碱性和平均废水电阻率k、相对介电常数εr、温度t和密度ρ的四参数电磁法。在f0 = 20.3 MHz和f1 = 22 MHz两个相近的电磁场频率下进行研究，得到了测定酿酒工业酸性、碱性和平均废水样品的k、εr、t和ρ的测量和计算程序算法。研究方向包括基于浸入式电磁换能器的食品和加工工业酸性和碱性废水理化特性多参数测量控制自动化系统的创建。基于信息性方法测量出水样品参数所获得的数据，提出了一种综合处理不同成分啤酒出水的方法。同时，综合处理方法的方案应该包括一个过滤器，它提供了磁性流体的引入和一个分离装置，使我们能够去除一部分，包括本身的污染。所提出的四参数电磁方法使确定废水受控样品的成分(酸性或碱性)成为可能。从而可以选择合理的啤酒废水处理方法，防止出水样品偏离标准规定的环境安全指标的原因。本文的研究是通过实施四参数电磁法联合测量酒厂酸性、碱性和平均废水的电阻率k、相对介电常数εr、温度t和密度ρ，来扩展电磁双频换能器MFP的功能和技术能力。在f0 = 20.3 MHz和f1 = 22 MHz两个相近磁场频率下的工作中发现了通用变换函数G1 = f (A1)和G2 = f (A2)，使得用相同的MFP可以同时控制酸性、碱性和平均废水的4个理化参数。本文提出了一种确定双频热MFP信号分量的算法，其范围对应于酸性、碱性和普通啤酒废水的电阻率k、相对介电常数εr、温度t和密度ρ的变化范围。得到了双频四参数电磁法联合测量酸性、碱性和平均啤酒废水理化参数的基本关系。
{"title":"Four-parameter electromagnetic method for determining the parameters of brewery effluents","authors":"V. Sebko, Y. Pyrozhenko, N. Zashchepkina, V. Zdorenko, O. Markina","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1405","url":null,"abstract":"of the article is to study a four-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of samples of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from a microbrewery based on a magnetic flux probe (MFP), which considers the influence of informative parameters of beer effluents on the components of the amplitude and phase signals of a multiparameter device.\u0000\u0000The implementation of the four-parameter method is carried out on the basis of the dependences G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2) at two frequencies of the electromagnetic field f0 and f1 for acid, alkaline and average effluent and allows you to jointly determine the four parameters of effluent samples with the same converter in the same control area. The proposed method makes it possible to improve the accuracy of identifying effluent samples since the obtained multiparameter information makes it possible to determine the nature and properties of effluent samples using only one transducer with certain physical characteristics. The research results lead to the expansion of the technical capabilities of electromagnetic measurement methods, as well as to an increase in the metrological characteristics of electromagnetic transducers and an increase in the accuracy of measuring the parameters of effluent samples compared to reference methods and measuring instruments. Thus, the implementation of this approach contributes to the prediction and prevention of the reasons for the deviation of beer effluent samples from the specified indicators of environmental safety.\u0000\u0000The universal conversion functions MFP have been established, connecting the amplitude and phase components of the converter signals with the parameters k, εr, t and ρ of acidic, alkaline and average effluents. Based on the universal transformation functions G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2), a four-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline, and average effluents from breweries has been developed. When conducting research at two close frequencies of the electromagnetic field f0 = 20.3 MHz and f1 = 22 MHz, algorithms were obtained for measuring and calculating procedures for determining k, εr, t and ρ for samples of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from the brewing industry.\u0000\u0000Research perspectives consist in the creation of automated systems for multiparameter measuring control of the physicochemical characteristics of acidic and alkaline effluent from food and processing industries based on the immersed electromagnetic transducer. Based on the data obtained using informative methods to measure the parameters of effluent samples, an integrated method for treating beer effluents of various compositions will be proposed. At the same time, the scheme of the integrated treatment method should include a filter that provides the introduction of a magnetic f","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76045094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1433
R. Honysz
The purpose of the work was to create an educational game to familiarize the user with the methodology of preparing a material sample for light microscopy. The goal of the game is to obtain a correct preparation of the sample, the microstructure of which can be observed under a light microscope. The game was developed in the Unity environment. All three-dimensional machine models, along with the necessary virtual environment and the gameplay scenario, were created. Due to the use of virtual reality, it has become possible to teach students how to use preparation devices without the need for the physical presence of students in the laboratory in an attractive and safe way. Failure to play the game will not damage material, or equipment, there is no risk to the user’s health. The game has been developed and is available in the Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Silesian University of Technology. The form of a 3D game used in this study is an interesting alternative to traditional teaching aids. It can be used not only by students but also teachers and other people who want to broaden their knowledge about the functioning and methods of operation of laboratory equipment.
{"title":"Simulation of the preparation laboratory for light microscopy in the form of a 3D educational game","authors":"R. Honysz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1433","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to create an educational game to familiarize the user with the methodology of preparing a material sample for light microscopy. The goal of the game is to obtain a correct preparation of the sample, the microstructure of which can be observed under a light microscope.\u0000\u0000The game was developed in the Unity environment. All three-dimensional machine models, along with the necessary virtual environment and the gameplay scenario, were created.\u0000\u0000Due to the use of virtual reality, it has become possible to teach students how to use preparation devices without the need for the physical presence of students in the laboratory in an attractive and safe way. Failure to play the game will not damage material, or equipment, there is no risk to the user’s health.\u0000\u0000The game has been developed and is available in the Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Silesian University of Technology.\u0000\u0000The form of a 3D game used in this study is an interesting alternative to traditional teaching aids. It can be used not only by students but also teachers and other people who want to broaden their knowledge about the functioning and methods of operation of laboratory equipment.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80095732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1432
S. Z. Zainal Ariffin, A. M. Efendee, A. Redhwan, M. Alias, A. Arifuddin, M. Kamrol Amri, M. M. Mohd Ali, K. Khalil, A. Aminullah, A. Hasnain, N. Baba
Cutting parameters are often chosen for machining by machine operators in the industry. The experience and efficiency of the machine operator in producing a quality product are frequently used to decide parameter selection—low productivity results from improper parameter selection, inefficient machining, and technological issues. Today's key issues in the machining industry are focusing on increasing machining performance on surface roughness while minimising coolant usage. The study's objective is to enhance the performance of the nozzle lubrication system during the turning operation of an aluminium alloy 319 workpieces (Al319) to generate good surface roughness by applying turning parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and the depth of cut. Response Surface Method (RSM) was used to create the experimental method for this investigation, carried out using a CNC lathe machine with two axial movements and a wet cooling nozzle with a size of 1.0 mm. Synthetic soluble lubricants, Al2O3-coated cemented carbide inserts, and Aluminium alloy 319 were utilised as cutting tools and workpiece materials. To study the influence of cutting parameters on surface roughness, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach was utilised while the response surface method was performed to achieve an optimum machining performance (RSM). When comparing dry and wet cooling systems, the size of 1.0 mm nozzle shows appropriate surface roughness. According to the ANOVA analysis, the key factor impacting the surface roughness as machining performance in lubrication technique experiments was the utilisation of 1.0 mm nozzle size. The findings of combination machining parameters at a cutting speed of 270 m/min and a cutting depth of 0.60 mm at a feed rate of 0.08 mm/min offered the best results, achieving a surface roughness, Ra of 0.94 µm. The use of coolant size nozzle 1.0 mm technology combined with the use of correct machining parameters can improve machining cuts. The novel size of 1.0 mm nozzle in this current research is also valuable for reducing and increasing productivity in the machining business, as well as reducing dependency on machining operators' experience and abilities.
{"title":"Optimisation of variation coolant system techniques in machining aluminium alloy Al319","authors":"S. Z. Zainal Ariffin, A. M. Efendee, A. Redhwan, M. Alias, A. Arifuddin, M. Kamrol Amri, M. M. Mohd Ali, K. Khalil, A. Aminullah, A. Hasnain, N. Baba","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1432","url":null,"abstract":"Cutting parameters are often chosen for machining by machine operators in the industry. The experience and efficiency of the machine operator in producing a quality product are frequently used to decide parameter selection—low productivity results from improper parameter selection, inefficient machining, and technological issues. Today's key issues in the machining industry are focusing on increasing machining performance on surface roughness while minimising coolant usage. The study's objective is to enhance the performance of the nozzle lubrication system during the turning operation of an aluminium alloy 319 workpieces (Al319) to generate good surface roughness by applying turning parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and the depth of cut.\u0000\u0000Response Surface Method (RSM) was used to create the experimental method for this investigation, carried out using a CNC lathe machine with two axial movements and a wet cooling nozzle with a size of 1.0 mm. Synthetic soluble lubricants, Al2O3-coated cemented carbide inserts, and Aluminium alloy 319 were utilised as cutting tools and workpiece materials.\u0000\u0000To study the influence of cutting parameters on surface roughness, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach was utilised while the response surface method was performed to achieve an optimum machining performance (RSM). When comparing dry and wet cooling systems, the size of 1.0 mm nozzle shows appropriate surface roughness. According to the ANOVA analysis, the key factor impacting the surface roughness as machining performance in lubrication technique experiments was the utilisation of 1.0 mm nozzle size.\u0000\u0000The findings of combination machining parameters at a cutting speed of 270 m/min and a cutting depth of 0.60 mm at a feed rate of 0.08 mm/min offered the best results, achieving a surface roughness, Ra of 0.94 µm.\u0000\u0000The use of coolant size nozzle 1.0 mm technology combined with the use of correct machining parameters can improve machining cuts.\u0000\u0000The novel size of 1.0 mm nozzle in this current research is also valuable for reducing and increasing productivity in the machining business, as well as reducing dependency on machining operators' experience and abilities.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78108177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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