Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.3395
K. Monisha, H. Kalai Selvi, P. Sivanandhini, A. Sona Nachammai, C. Anuradha, S. Rama Devi, A. Kavitha Sri, N. R. Neya, M. Vaitheeswari, G. S. Hikku
Hydroponics, also known as controlled environment agriculture, is a method of cultivating plants and herbs without soil using mineral-supplemented solutions. Agriculture biotechnology enhances its wings on developing genetically modified plants for expanding crop yield and introducing characteristic features such as growing seasonal crops throughout the year, weather-resistant, and pest resistance. Compared to traditional agriculture, hydroponic cultivation yields high-quality crops with 90% more efficient use of water. Therefore, hydroponic cultivation could be considered a succeeding future of agriculture. In this context, understanding agriculture through the hydroponic route is vital for the efficient cultivation of crops. This review elaborates on the different classes of hydroponic systems and the factors that enable the systematic elements of the frame-up.The significant intent of this review is to provide information on distinct hydroponic systems.The present review reports a comprehensive discussion about the significance of the hydroponics system, its mechanism, nutrient solution preparation, types of hydroponic setup, and the challenges faced and would light up the knowledge in the same.This review focus on the current feasible hydroponic method of crop cultivation.
{"title":"Hydroponics agriculture as a modern agriculture technique","authors":"K. Monisha, H. Kalai Selvi, P. Sivanandhini, A. Sona Nachammai, C. Anuradha, S. Rama Devi, A. Kavitha Sri, N. R. Neya, M. Vaitheeswari, G. S. Hikku","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.3395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3395","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroponics, also known as controlled environment agriculture, is a method of cultivating plants and herbs without soil using mineral-supplemented solutions. Agriculture biotechnology enhances its wings on developing genetically modified plants for expanding crop yield and introducing characteristic features such as growing seasonal crops throughout the year, weather-resistant, and pest resistance. Compared to traditional agriculture, hydroponic cultivation yields high-quality crops with 90% more efficient use of water. Therefore, hydroponic cultivation could be considered a succeeding future of agriculture. In this context, understanding agriculture through the hydroponic route is vital for the efficient cultivation of crops. This review elaborates on the different classes of hydroponic systems and the factors that enable the systematic elements of the frame-up.The significant intent of this review is to provide information on distinct hydroponic systems.The present review reports a comprehensive discussion about the significance of the hydroponics system, its mechanism, nutrient solution preparation, types of hydroponic setup, and the challenges faced and would light up the knowledge in the same.This review focus on the current feasible hydroponic method of crop cultivation.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89669011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2672
E. Brancewicz-Steinmetz, R.D.V. Vergara, V. Buzalski, J. Sawicki
In the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF/FDM) technology, the multi-material manufacturing additive method is achieved by a single nozzle or multiple nozzles working simultaneously with different materials. However, the adhesion between different materials at the boundary interface in FDM multi-material printing is a limiting factor. These studies are concerned with improving and study the adhesion between two polymers.Due to the numerous applications and possibilities of 3D printed objects, combining different materials has become a subject of interest. PLA is an alternative to the use of petrochemical-based polymers. Thermoplastic Polyurethane is a flexible material that can achieve different characteristics when combined with a rigid filament, such as PLA. To improve the adhesion between PLA and TPU in multi-material FFF/FDM, we propose the comparison of different processes: post-processing with acetone immersion, surface activation during printing with Acetone, surface activation during printing with tetrahydrofuran, post-processing annealing, and connection of printed parts with tetrahydrofuran.Modifying the 3D printing process improved the quality of the adhesive bond between the two different polymers. Activation of the surface with THF is the treatment method recommended by the authors due to the low impact on the deformation/degradation of the object.In the study, adhesion was considered in relation to the circular pattern of surface development. Further analysis should include other surface development patterns and changes in printing parameters, e.g. process temperatures and layer application speed.3D printing with multi-materials, such as PLA biopolymer and thermoplastic polyurethane, allows for the creation of flexible connections. The strengthening of the biopolymer broadens the possibilities of using polylactide. Examples of applications include: automotive (elements, where flexible TPU absorbs vibrations and protects PLA from cracking), medicine (prostheses with flexible elements ensuring mobility in the joints).Multi-material printing is a new trend in 3D printing research, and this research is aimed at promoting the use and expanding the possibilities of using PLA biopolymer.
{"title":"Study of the adhesion between TPU and PLA in multi-material 3D printing","authors":"E. Brancewicz-Steinmetz, R.D.V. Vergara, V. Buzalski, J. Sawicki","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2672","url":null,"abstract":"In the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF/FDM) technology, the multi-material manufacturing additive method is achieved by a single nozzle or multiple nozzles working simultaneously with different materials. However, the adhesion between different materials at the boundary interface in FDM multi-material printing is a limiting factor. These studies are concerned with improving and study the adhesion between two polymers.Due to the numerous applications and possibilities of 3D printed objects, combining different materials has become a subject of interest. PLA is an alternative to the use of petrochemical-based polymers. Thermoplastic Polyurethane is a flexible material that can achieve different characteristics when combined with a rigid filament, such as PLA. To improve the adhesion between PLA and TPU in multi-material FFF/FDM, we propose the comparison of different processes: post-processing with acetone immersion, surface activation during printing with Acetone, surface activation during printing with tetrahydrofuran, post-processing annealing, and connection of printed parts with tetrahydrofuran.Modifying the 3D printing process improved the quality of the adhesive bond between the two different polymers. Activation of the surface with THF is the treatment method recommended by the authors due to the low impact on the deformation/degradation of the object.In the study, adhesion was considered in relation to the circular pattern of surface development. Further analysis should include other surface development patterns and changes in printing parameters, e.g. process temperatures and layer application speed.3D printing with multi-materials, such as PLA biopolymer and thermoplastic polyurethane, allows for the creation of flexible connections. The strengthening of the biopolymer broadens the possibilities of using polylactide. Examples of applications include: automotive (elements, where flexible TPU absorbs vibrations and protects PLA from cracking), medicine (prostheses with flexible elements ensuring mobility in the joints).Multi-material printing is a new trend in 3D printing research, and this research is aimed at promoting the use and expanding the possibilities of using PLA biopolymer.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90418564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2324
A. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, W. Wolany
xyz
xyz
{"title":"A modern approach to manufacturing of carbon-rhenium nanocomposites","authors":"A. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, W. Wolany","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2324","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>xyz</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"443 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76330264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2675
J. Obolewicz, A. Baryłka, M. Szota, K. Ozga
The issue of shaping the attitude of employee involvement in an organisation is a relatively new area of scientific interest. Shaping employees' attitudes, understood as a conscious influence to consolidate or change them so that they are conducive to the safe operation of building objects, should be of significant importance for any organisation. Attitude is related to behaviour, the most elementary form of human activity, which is externally observable.Statistical analysis.The issue of shaping organisational attitudes and behaviours is related to the need to consider the factors that trigger the change process. It is important to diagnose whether the engine of change is the person with a specific attitude or elements from his environment.The article presents a theoretical introduction and the results of diagnostic tests. It proposes actions shaping the attitudes and behaviour of employees regarding the safe operation of buildings, based on the example of the University of Agribusiness in Lomza.The classical approach to the safety of buildings focuses primarily on the technical and engineering side of the building. Planners, designers, contractors, and users of buildings strive to make them the least hazardous to health and life, especially during the operation of the building. At the same time, it is important to bear in mind that safe operation is influenced by the behaviour of facility users, as they are the weakest link in management. Consequently, this is where the reserves for raising the health and safety of building users to a higher level still lie.One of the main factors significantly influencing how an individual will behave when placed in a risky situation is how they perceive the risks involved. People's beliefs about various things can influence their behaviour more strongly than objective reality. To activate the reserves hidden in human behaviour to improve the safety level of buildings, it is necessary to fully recognise the causes and mechanisms that lead users to risky actions. Those behaviours allow the application of appropriate training and supervision methods, and more broadly of management methods, which would induce users to behave safely and to react consciously, directly or indirectly, to emerging risks during the operation of the works.
{"title":"Formation of the attitudes and behaviours of employees in the context of safe operation of buildings on the example of the University of Agribusiness in Lomza","authors":"J. Obolewicz, A. Baryłka, M. Szota, K. Ozga","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2675","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of shaping the attitude of employee involvement in an organisation is a relatively new area of scientific interest. Shaping employees' attitudes, understood as a conscious influence to consolidate or change them so that they are conducive to the safe operation of building objects, should be of significant importance for any organisation. Attitude is related to behaviour, the most elementary form of human activity, which is externally observable.Statistical analysis.The issue of shaping organisational attitudes and behaviours is related to the need to consider the factors that trigger the change process. It is important to diagnose whether the engine of change is the person with a specific attitude or elements from his environment.The article presents a theoretical introduction and the results of diagnostic tests. It proposes actions shaping the attitudes and behaviour of employees regarding the safe operation of buildings, based on the example of the University of Agribusiness in Lomza.The classical approach to the safety of buildings focuses primarily on the technical and engineering side of the building. Planners, designers, contractors, and users of buildings strive to make them the least hazardous to health and life, especially during the operation of the building. At the same time, it is important to bear in mind that safe operation is influenced by the behaviour of facility users, as they are the weakest link in management. Consequently, this is where the reserves for raising the health and safety of building users to a higher level still lie.One of the main factors significantly influencing how an individual will behave when placed in a risky situation is how they perceive the risks involved. People's beliefs about various things can influence their behaviour more strongly than objective reality. To activate the reserves hidden in human behaviour to improve the safety level of buildings, it is necessary to fully recognise the causes and mechanisms that lead users to risky actions. Those behaviours allow the application of appropriate training and supervision methods, and more broadly of management methods, which would induce users to behave safely and to react consciously, directly or indirectly, to emerging risks during the operation of the works.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80445805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2339
O. Hrevtsev, N. Selivanova, P. Popovych, L. Poberezhny, Vladimir Brych, Y. Rudyak, O. Shevchuk, N. Bakulina, R. Rozum, M. Buriak
Develop a method for determining and evaluating the stress-strain state, particularly the distribution of thermomechanical stresses in the materials of individual rotating parts of vehicles.The proposed method is based on the principle of gradual approximations of the solution when the boundary conditions are satisfied on the curvilinear limiting surfaces of the disk body.The proposed method of determining and estimating the distribution of thermomechanical stresses in the disk material makes it possible to take into account the variable geometry: thickness and presence of a hole in the central part of the disk, also correctly determine stress-strain state at any point of unevenly heated rotating axial body.The work uses generally accepted assumptions and limitations for thermomechanical calculations.It is proved that in real disks, the stress-strain state is spatial, and the well - known method based on the hypotheses of the plane-stress state does not provide the possibility of calculating the values of stresses in the thickness of the disk. The obtained results can be used to improve the methodology of auto technical examination of road accidents. In addition, they can be taken into account by bus drivers on urban routes when choosing a safe distance in heavy traffic, as well as design engineers of car brake systems.
{"title":"Stress-strain state simulation of non-uniformly heated elements of components and assemblies of automotive","authors":"O. Hrevtsev, N. Selivanova, P. Popovych, L. Poberezhny, Vladimir Brych, Y. Rudyak, O. Shevchuk, N. Bakulina, R. Rozum, M. Buriak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2339","url":null,"abstract":"Develop a method for determining and evaluating the stress-strain state, particularly the distribution of thermomechanical stresses in the materials of individual rotating parts of vehicles.The proposed method is based on the principle of gradual approximations of the solution when the boundary conditions are satisfied on the curvilinear limiting surfaces of the disk body.The proposed method of determining and estimating the distribution of thermomechanical stresses in the disk material makes it possible to take into account the variable geometry: thickness and presence of a hole in the central part of the disk, also correctly determine stress-strain state at any point of unevenly heated rotating axial body.The work uses generally accepted assumptions and limitations for thermomechanical calculations.It is proved that in real disks, the stress-strain state is spatial, and the well - known method based on the hypotheses of the plane-stress state does not provide the possibility of calculating the values of stresses in the thickness of the disk. The obtained results can be used to improve the methodology of auto technical examination of road accidents. In addition, they can be taken into account by bus drivers on urban routes when choosing a safe distance in heavy traffic, as well as design engineers of car brake systems.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"50 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87696644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2340
J. Obolewicz, A. Baryłka, M. Szota, A. Rychlik
The article introduces the issue of technical safety, characterises selected activities that create hazards on construction sites and suggests ways to eliminate them.Knowledge of reliability is essential to carry out construction works. The need for the structural engineer to consider safety issues and the obligation to have a general knowledge of safety and technical safety arises. Knowledge of technical safety allows for the proper execution of works on site.The level of safety on a construction site depends on many factors, and a significant group of these are technical factors that determine the possibility of adverse events occurring.Safety is defined as a state that provides a sense of certainty and a guarantee that it will be maintained and an opportunity for improvement. The level of safety on a construction site depends on many factors, and a significant group of these are technical factors that determine the possibility of adverse events occurring. The possibility of adverse events occurring is called unreliability. It is the opposite concept of the reliability, which is more commonly used in the construction industry.A useful tool for ensuring technical safety on construction sites is the Health and Safety Plan or HSE Plan, and the Instructions for the Safe Execution of Work - IBWR instructions. Those documents are intended to protect the health and lives of workers by providing information on how to prevent hazards associated with the execution of certain construction work and how to deal with them should they occur.
{"title":"Technical safety considerations for construction sites","authors":"J. Obolewicz, A. Baryłka, M. Szota, A. Rychlik","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2340","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces the issue of technical safety, characterises selected activities that create hazards on construction sites and suggests ways to eliminate them.Knowledge of reliability is essential to carry out construction works. The need for the structural engineer to consider safety issues and the obligation to have a general knowledge of safety and technical safety arises. Knowledge of technical safety allows for the proper execution of works on site.The level of safety on a construction site depends on many factors, and a significant group of these are technical factors that determine the possibility of adverse events occurring.Safety is defined as a state that provides a sense of certainty and a guarantee that it will be maintained and an opportunity for improvement. The level of safety on a construction site depends on many factors, and a significant group of these are technical factors that determine the possibility of adverse events occurring. The possibility of adverse events occurring is called unreliability. It is the opposite concept of the reliability, which is more commonly used in the construction industry.A useful tool for ensuring technical safety on construction sites is the Health and Safety Plan or HSE Plan, and the Instructions for the Safe Execution of Work - IBWR instructions. Those documents are intended to protect the health and lives of workers by providing information on how to prevent hazards associated with the execution of certain construction work and how to deal with them should they occur.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87072588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2338
K. Kadhim
The main objective of this research is to study the effect of damping coefficients on the damping strength of shock absorbers using Taguchi Design Experiment (DOE) and rough surface method in Design Expert 7.0.0.To achieve and measure the damping force based on the data analysis in the design program. The effecting parameters are: damping diameter (A), gas pressure nitrogen in damping (B), and suspension velocity(C). Consequently, the experiment was carried out in the lab to measure the damping force based on the data analysis.The experimental results demonstrated that nitrogen gas at a pressure of 40 bars is appropriate for dealing with motorcycles and that optimum parameter values may be achieved using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), regression analysis, and confirmation studies.The measure of the damping force in this process widely depend on the technical specifications of a testing machine. Consequently, machine operating parameters consider the main limiting factor in this process.In this current work, a steel spring of (50) mm diameter has been used in this experimental investigation to measure the influence of the damping force based on the data analysis. In addition, optimal working parameter values that maximize the performance were identified. The experimental test was planned and conducted according to the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance).The validation of experimental results shows that this analysis gives an average error 5%, it’s also concluded that the gas at a pressure of 40 bars is appropriate for dealing with motorcycles and can be adopted safely.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of the effect of damping coefficients on spring diameter thickness","authors":"K. Kadhim","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2338","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this research is to study the effect of damping coefficients on the damping strength of shock absorbers using Taguchi Design Experiment (DOE) and rough surface method in Design Expert 7.0.0.To achieve and measure the damping force based on the data analysis in the design program. The effecting parameters are: damping diameter (A), gas pressure nitrogen in damping (B), and suspension velocity(C). Consequently, the experiment was carried out in the lab to measure the damping force based on the data analysis.The experimental results demonstrated that nitrogen gas at a pressure of 40 bars is appropriate for dealing with motorcycles and that optimum parameter values may be achieved using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), regression analysis, and confirmation studies.The measure of the damping force in this process widely depend on the technical specifications of a testing machine. Consequently, machine operating parameters consider the main limiting factor in this process.In this current work, a steel spring of (50) mm diameter has been used in this experimental investigation to measure the influence of the damping force based on the data analysis. In addition, optimal working parameter values that maximize the performance were identified. The experimental test was planned and conducted according to the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance).The validation of experimental results shows that this analysis gives an average error 5%, it’s also concluded that the gas at a pressure of 40 bars is appropriate for dealing with motorcycles and can be adopted safely.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80791015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2337
J. Marczyk, K. Pławecka, M. Hebdowska-Krupa, M. Nykiel, M. Łach
Diatomite from a deposit in Jawornik Ruski (Poland) has been selected as the material for study. The paper aimeds to show the possibility of using diatomite from the Carpathian Foothills as a sorbent of petroleum substances.Diatomite in the delivery condition (DC) and diatomite after calcination were used for this study. The material was calcined at 600, 650, 750, 850 and 1000°C. The diatomaceous earth was then granulated. The morphology of diatomite was observed using SEM. Particle size distribution was determined by Laser Particle Analyzer, chemical composition was determined by XRF, and mineralogical composition by XRD. Specific surface area, pore volume and pore size were determined. Thermal analysis (TG, DTA) was carried out. Absorption capacity tests were performed and the effect of diatomite addition on water absorption of concrete samples was determined.Within the framework of the study, it was shown that diatomite from the Jawornik deposit could be successfully used as a sorbent for petroleum substances. The absorption capacity of calcined at 1000°C diatomaceous earth was 77%. The obtained result exceeds the effectiveness of previously used absorbents, for which the sorption level is 60-70%. This allows commercial use of diatomite from deposits in Poland. In addition, water absorption tests have shown that diatomaceous earth can successfully replace cement used in concrete productione. The most favourablee effect on the reduction of water absorption is the addition of diatomite in the amount of 10%.The properties of diatomaceous earth from the Jawornik Ruski deposit indicate its high potential for use in the synthesis of geopolymers, which is important not only from an economic but also from an ecological point of view.The novelty of this work is the demonstration of the possibility of using diatomite as a sorbent of petroleum substances with high efficiency, exceeding the previously used sorbents.
{"title":"Research on diatomite from Polish deposits and the possibilities of its use","authors":"J. Marczyk, K. Pławecka, M. Hebdowska-Krupa, M. Nykiel, M. Łach","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2337","url":null,"abstract":"Diatomite from a deposit in Jawornik Ruski (Poland) has been selected as the material for study. The paper aimeds to show the possibility of using diatomite from the Carpathian Foothills as a sorbent of petroleum substances.Diatomite in the delivery condition (DC) and diatomite after calcination were used for this study. The material was calcined at 600, 650, 750, 850 and 1000°C. The diatomaceous earth was then granulated. The morphology of diatomite was observed using SEM. Particle size distribution was determined by Laser Particle Analyzer, chemical composition was determined by XRF, and mineralogical composition by XRD. Specific surface area, pore volume and pore size were determined. Thermal analysis (TG, DTA) was carried out. Absorption capacity tests were performed and the effect of diatomite addition on water absorption of concrete samples was determined.Within the framework of the study, it was shown that diatomite from the Jawornik deposit could be successfully used as a sorbent for petroleum substances. The absorption capacity of calcined at 1000°C diatomaceous earth was 77%. The obtained result exceeds the effectiveness of previously used absorbents, for which the sorption level is 60-70%. This allows commercial use of diatomite from deposits in Poland. In addition, water absorption tests have shown that diatomaceous earth can successfully replace cement used in concrete productione. The most favourablee effect on the reduction of water absorption is the addition of diatomite in the amount of 10%.The properties of diatomaceous earth from the Jawornik Ruski deposit indicate its high potential for use in the synthesis of geopolymers, which is important not only from an economic but also from an ecological point of view.The novelty of this work is the demonstration of the possibility of using diatomite as a sorbent of petroleum substances with high efficiency, exceeding the previously used sorbents.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"9 48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84312789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2155
S. Saudi, A. F. Mohd
The aim of the presented work was to develop an economical, transparent coating with dispersed TiO2 dispersion and inorganic polysiloxane resin for glass windows application and to study its effectiveness in filtering IR and UV radiations. Two oligomeric silanes were prepared in different molar ratios to produce inorganic polysiloxane resin. They were tested for their viscosity to reflect the completion of the reaction and form an amide linkage. FTIR was done to support the viscosity result by proving the presence of amide linkages. 10%, 20%, and 30% of compounded TiO2 were successfully dispersed in 0.3% sodium sulfosalicylate (dehydrated ethanol). Each TiO2 concentration was characterized for size distribution and polydispersity index (PDI). Additives solutions of 2-hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) and boron trifluoride (BF3) were also soluted in the same solvent. Glass substrates were coated with the formulations and tested for curing and hardness properties. Windows Energy Profiler (WEP) was used to study the UV, IR, and daylight transmission of the coated glasses. Each inorganic polysiloxane resin showed various viscosity values before reaching a constant state which designates complete formations of amide linkages. Polysiloxane resin with a viscosity value of 30.5 mPa/s was the most ideal to act as a binder. FTIR characterization proved the formation of amide linkages. The particle size distribution of TiO2 recorded the size of 87 nm after dispersion with correlating value of 1 PDI. The fastest drying time of 3 hours was recorded. The pencil hardness test quoted 6H pencil as the hardest pencil grade. WEP analysis of UV, IR, and daylight transmission gives satisfactory results of 0%, 7%, and 61%, respectively. Laboratory analysis for viscosity tests often being held off. The test requires the samples to be transferred in a cylinder with an open-air spindle rotation. Samples react with the surrounding environment. Thus, polymerization takes place rapidly, resulting in hardened samples inside the cylinder. The different measure was taken by wrapping the testing area with aluminium foil. This research was conducted under equatorial climate. The obtained test results may contribute to the conclusion of transparent TiO2 nano-particles coating on glass substrates for windows application. This can reduce the electricity usage in buildings for artificial cooling to provide indoor thermal comfort. Smart coating formulations have a noticeable effect on filtering harmful solar radiation. This study presents the economical and undemanding ways to develop transparent smart coating formulation with superior performance against solar radiation. It is expected to have a bright potential in the architectural industry.
本研究的目的是开发一种经济、透明的分散二氧化钛分散体和无机聚硅氧烷树脂涂层，用于玻璃窗应用，并研究其过滤红外和紫外线辐射的有效性。以不同的摩尔比制备两种低聚硅烷，制备无机聚硅氧烷树脂。测试了它们的粘度，以反映反应的完成程度并形成酰胺键。FTIR通过证明酰胺键的存在来支持粘度结果。10%、20%和30%的复合TiO2成功分散在0.3%的磺基水杨酸钠(脱水乙醇)中。对各TiO2浓度进行了粒径分布和多分散性指数(PDI)表征。2-羟基二苯甲酮(HBP)和三氟化硼(BF3)的添加剂溶液也在同一溶剂中溶解。在玻璃基板上涂上配方，并测试了固化和硬度性能。采用window Energy Profiler (WEP)对镀膜玻璃的紫外、红外和日光透射进行了研究。每种无机聚硅氧烷树脂在达到酰胺键完整形成的恒定状态之前表现出不同的粘度值。黏度为30.5 mPa/s的聚硅氧烷树脂是最理想的粘结剂。FTIR表征证实了酰胺键的形成。分散后TiO2的粒径分布为87 nm，相关值为1 PDI。最快干燥时间为3小时。铅笔硬度测试引用6H铅笔作为最硬的铅笔等级。紫外，红外和日光透射的WEP分析分别给出了0%，7%和61%的满意结果。粘度测试的实验室分析经常被推迟。该测试要求将样品转移到带有露天主轴旋转的圆柱体中。样品与周围环境发生反应。因此，聚合发生得很快，导致钢瓶内的样品硬化。另一种方法是用铝箔包裹测试区域。这项研究是在赤道气候下进行的。所得的测试结果有助于得出透明TiO2纳米颗粒涂层在玻璃基板上用于窗户应用的结论。这可以减少建筑物人工冷却的用电量，以提供室内热舒适。智能涂层配方对过滤有害的太阳辐射有显著的效果。本研究提出了一种经济、低要求、具有优异抗太阳辐射性能的透明智能涂层配方。它有望在建筑行业中具有光明的潜力。
{"title":"Preparation and performance in IR and UV of transparent inorganic polysiloxane coating with dispersed TiO2 on glass substrates","authors":"S. Saudi, A. F. Mohd","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2155","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the presented work was to develop an economical, transparent coating with dispersed TiO2 dispersion and inorganic polysiloxane resin for glass windows application and to study its effectiveness in filtering IR and UV radiations.\u0000\u0000Two oligomeric silanes were prepared in different molar ratios to produce inorganic polysiloxane resin. They were tested for their viscosity to reflect the completion of the reaction and form an amide linkage. FTIR was done to support the viscosity result by proving the presence of amide linkages. 10%, 20%, and 30% of compounded TiO2 were successfully dispersed in 0.3% sodium sulfosalicylate (dehydrated ethanol). Each TiO2 concentration was characterized for size distribution and polydispersity index (PDI). Additives solutions of 2-hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) and boron trifluoride (BF3) were also soluted in the same solvent. Glass substrates were coated with the formulations and tested for curing and hardness properties. Windows Energy Profiler (WEP) was used to study the UV, IR, and daylight transmission of the coated glasses.\u0000\u0000Each inorganic polysiloxane resin showed various viscosity values before reaching a constant state which designates complete formations of amide linkages. Polysiloxane resin with a viscosity value of 30.5 mPa/s was the most ideal to act as a binder. FTIR characterization proved the formation of amide linkages. The particle size distribution of TiO2 recorded the size of 87 nm after dispersion with correlating value of 1 PDI. The fastest drying time of 3 hours was recorded. The pencil hardness test quoted 6H pencil as the hardest pencil grade. WEP analysis of UV, IR, and daylight transmission gives satisfactory results of 0%, 7%, and 61%, respectively.\u0000\u0000Laboratory analysis for viscosity tests often being held off. The test requires the samples to be transferred in a cylinder with an open-air spindle rotation. Samples react with the surrounding environment. Thus, polymerization takes place rapidly, resulting in hardened samples inside the cylinder. The different measure was taken by wrapping the testing area with aluminium foil. This research was conducted under equatorial climate.\u0000\u0000The obtained test results may contribute to the conclusion of transparent TiO2 nano-particles coating on glass substrates for windows application. This can reduce the electricity usage in buildings for artificial cooling to provide indoor thermal comfort. Smart coating formulations have a noticeable effect on filtering harmful solar radiation.\u0000\u0000This study presents the economical and undemanding ways to develop transparent smart coating formulation with superior performance against solar radiation. It is expected to have a bright potential in the architectural industry.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90850906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2156
D. Wysocki, A. Szymanek
The effectiveness of gas purification depends on the sorption properties of sorbents. The aim of the research was to determine the ability of sodium sorbents to remove gaseous pollutants such as HCl and HF. The research used baking soda subjected to mechanical and thermal activation, which was introduced into the hot flue gas circuit, similar to the dry flue gas cleaning method used in all kinds of boilers. In almost all cases, mechanical and thermal treatment of baking soda allowed for a significant improvement in the reduction of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride concentrations in the exhaust gases produced during the combustion of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. The preparation of sorbents must consider the optimum development of the material's specific surface area, especially during thermal activation, to prevent pores from sintering. In wet and dry flue gas cleaning processes, sodium compounds are used in the power industry. Appropriate preparation of the sorbent allows for improving the effectiveness of reducing the concentration of harmful substances and reducing investment and operating costs. From the point of view of process optimisation, the results obtained will contribute to the identification of optimal operating conditions in dry sorbent injection systems to prevent the pores on the surface of the sorbent from clogging when injected into hot flue gases.
{"title":"The effectiveness of modified sodium bicarbonate in the purification of exhaust gases from HCl and HF","authors":"D. Wysocki, A. Szymanek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2156","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of gas purification depends on the sorption properties of sorbents. The aim of the research was to determine the ability of sodium sorbents to remove gaseous pollutants such as HCl and HF.\u0000\u0000The research used baking soda subjected to mechanical and thermal activation, which was introduced into the hot flue gas circuit, similar to the dry flue gas cleaning method used in all kinds of boilers.\u0000\u0000In almost all cases, mechanical and thermal treatment of baking soda allowed for a significant improvement in the reduction of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride concentrations in the exhaust gases produced during the combustion of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles.\u0000\u0000The preparation of sorbents must consider the optimum development of the material's specific surface area, especially during thermal activation, to prevent pores from sintering.\u0000\u0000In wet and dry flue gas cleaning processes, sodium compounds are used in the power industry. Appropriate preparation of the sorbent allows for improving the effectiveness of reducing the concentration of harmful substances and reducing investment and operating costs.\u0000\u0000From the point of view of process optimisation, the results obtained will contribute to the identification of optimal operating conditions in dry sorbent injection systems to prevent the pores on the surface of the sorbent from clogging when injected into hot flue gases.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80548408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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