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The Automatic Context Measurement Tool (ACMT) to Compile Participant-Specific Built and Social Environment Measures for Health Research: Development and Usability Study. 自动情境测量工具 (ACMT),用于为健康研究汇编特定于参与者的建筑和社会环境测量数据:开发和可用性研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.2196/56510
Weipeng Zhou, Amy Youngbloom, Xinyang Ren, Brian E Saelens, Sean D Mooney, Stephen J Mooney

Background: The environment shapes health behaviors and outcomes. Studies exploring this influence have been limited to research groups with the geographic information systems expertise required to develop built and social environment measures (eg, groups that include a researcher with geographic information system expertise).

Objective: The goal of this study was to develop an open-source, user-friendly, and privacy-preserving tool for conveniently linking built, social, and natural environmental variables to study participant addresses.

Methods: We built the automatic context measurement tool (ACMT). The ACMT comprises two components: (1) a geocoder, which identifies a latitude and longitude given an address (currently limited to the United States), and (2) a context measure assembler, which computes measures from publicly available data sources linked to a latitude and longitude. ACMT users access both of these components using an RStudio/RShiny-based web interface that is hosted within a Docker container, which runs on a local computer and keeps user data stored in local to protect sensitive data. We illustrate ACMT with 2 use cases: one comparing population density patterns within several major US cities, and one identifying correlates of cannabis licensure status in Washington State.

Results: In the population density analysis, we created a line plot showing the population density (x-axis) in relation to distance from the center of the city (y-axis, using city hall location as a proxy) for Seattle, Los Angeles, Chicago, New York City, Nashville, Houston, and Boston with the distances being 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 m. We found the population density tended to decrease as distance from city hall increased except for Nashville and Houston, 2 cities that are notably more sprawling than the others. New York City had a significantly higher population density than the others. We also observed that Los Angeles and Seattle had similarly low population densities within up to 2500 m of City Hall. In the cannabis licensure status analysis, we gathered neighborhood measures such as age, sex, commute time, and education. We found the strongest predictive characteristic of cannabis license approval to be the count of female children aged 5 to 9 years and the proportion of females aged 62 to 64 years who were not in the labor force. However, after accounting for Bonferroni error correction, none of the measures were significantly associated with cannabis retail license approval status.

Conclusions: The ACMT can be used to compile environmental measures to study the influence of environmental context on population health. The portable and flexible nature of ACMT makes it optimal for neighborhood study research seeking to attribute environmental data to specific locations within the United States.

背景:环境影响健康行为和结果。探索这种影响的研究仅限于具有地理信息系统专业知识的研究小组,这些知识是开发建筑和社会环境测量方法所必需的(例如,小组中包括一名具有地理信息系统专业知识的研究人员):本研究的目标是开发一种开源、用户友好且保护隐私的工具,方便地将建筑、社会和自然环境变量与研究参与者的地址联系起来:我们开发了自动情境测量工具(ACMT)。ACMT 由两部分组成:(1)地理编码器,用于识别给定地址的经纬度(目前仅限于美国);(2)情境测量组合器,用于计算与经纬度相关联的公开数据源的测量值。ACMT 用户使用基于 RStudio/RShiny 的 Web 界面访问这两个组件,该界面托管在 Docker 容器中,在本地计算机上运行,并将用户数据存储在本地以保护敏感数据。我们用两个用例来说明 ACMT:一个是比较美国几个主要城市的人口密度模式,另一个是确定华盛顿州大麻执照状态的相关因素:在人口密度分析中,我们绘制了一幅线图,显示人口密度(x 轴)与城市中心距离(y 轴,以市政厅位置为代表)的关系,该线图涉及西雅图、洛杉矶、芝加哥、纽约、纳什维尔、休斯顿和波士顿,距离分别为 1000 米、2000 米、3000 米、4000 米和 5000 米。纽约市的人口密度明显高于其他城市。我们还观察到,洛杉矶和西雅图在距离市政厅 2500 米以内的人口密度同样较低。在大麻许可状况分析中,我们收集了年龄、性别、通勤时间和教育程度等邻里衡量指标。我们发现,对大麻许可证批准情况最有预测性的特征是 5 至 9 岁女性儿童的数量和 62 至 64 岁非劳动力女性的比例。然而,经 Bonferroni 误差校正后,没有一项指标与大麻零售许可证批准情况有显著关联:ACMT 可用于汇编环境测量数据,以研究环境背景对人口健康的影响。ACMT 的便携性和灵活性使其成为寻求将环境数据归因于美国特定地点的邻里研究的最佳选择。
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引用次数: 0
Ability of Heart Rate Recovery and Gait Kinetics in a Single Wearable to Predict Frailty: Quasiexperimental Pilot Study. 单个可穿戴设备的心率恢复和步态动力学预测衰弱的能力:准实验试点研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.2196/58110
Reshma Aziz Merchant, Bernard Loke, Yiong Huak Chan

Background: Aging is a risk factor for falls, frailty, and disability. The utility of wearables to screen for physical performance and frailty at the population level is an emerging research area. To date, there is a limited number of devices that can measure frailty and physical performance simultaneously.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and validity of a continuous digital monitoring wearable device incorporating gait mechanics and heart rate recovery measurements for detecting frailty, poor physical performance, and falls risk in older adults at risk of falls.

Methods: This is a substudy of 156 community-dwelling older adults ≥60 years old with falls or near falls in the past 12 months who were recruited for a fall prevention intervention study. Of the original participants, 22 participants agreed to wear wearables on their ankles. An interview questionnaire involving demographics, cognition, frailty (FRAIL), and physical function questions as well as the Falls Risk for Older People in the Community (FROP-Com) was administered. Physical performance comprised gait speed, timed up and go (TUG), and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test. A gait analyzer was used to measure gait mechanics and steps (FRAIL-functional: fatigue, resistance, and aerobic), and a heart rate analyzer was used to measure heart rate recovery (FRAIL-nonfunctional: weight loss and chronic illness).

Results: The participants' mean age was 74.6 years. Of the 22 participants, 9 (41%) were robust, 10 (46%) were prefrail, and 3 (14%) were frail. In addition, 8 of 22 (36%) had at least one fall in the past year. Participants had a mean gait speed of 0.8 m/s, a mean SPPB score of 8.9, and mean TUG time of 13.8 seconds. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for the gait analyzer against the functional domains were 1.00, 0.84, and 0.92, respectively, for SPPB (balance and gait); 0.38, 0.89, and 0.64, respectively, for FRAIL-functional; 0.45, 0.91, and 0.68, respectively, for FROP-Com; 0.60, 1.00, and 0.80, respectively, for gait speed; and 1.00, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively, for TUG. The heart rate analyzer demonstrated superior validity for the nonfunctional components of frailty, with a sensitivity of 1.00, specificity of 0.73, and AUC of 0.83.

Conclusions: Agreement between the gait and heart rate analyzers and the functional components of the FRAIL scale, gait speed, and FROP-Com was significant. In addition, there was significant agreement between the heart rate analyzer and the nonfunctional components of the FRAIL scale. The gait and heart rate analyzers could be used in a screening test for frailty and falls in community-dwelling older adults but require further improvement and validation at the population level.

背景:衰老是导致跌倒、虚弱和残疾的风险因素。可穿戴设备在人群中筛查身体表现和虚弱程度的实用性是一个新兴的研究领域。迄今为止,能同时测量虚弱程度和体能表现的设备数量有限:本研究旨在评估一种连续数字监测可穿戴设备的准确性和有效性,该设备结合了步态力学和心率恢复测量,可用于检测有跌倒风险的老年人的虚弱程度、不良体能表现和跌倒风险:这是对 156 名年龄≥60 岁、在过去 12 个月中跌倒或接近跌倒的社区老年人进行的一项子研究,这些老年人是为预防跌倒干预研究而招募的。在最初的参与者中,有 22 人同意在脚踝上佩戴可穿戴设备。研究人员发放了一份访谈问卷,其中包括人口统计学、认知、虚弱(FRAIL)、身体功能问题以及社区老年人跌倒风险(FROP-Com)。身体机能包括步速、定时起立行走(TUG)和短期身体机能测试(SPPB)。步态分析仪用于测量步态力学和步伐(FRAIL-功能性:疲劳、阻力和有氧),心率分析仪用于测量心率恢复(FRAIL-非功能性:减肥和慢性病):参与者的平均年龄为 74.6 岁。在 22 名参与者中,9 人(41%)体格健壮,10 人(46%)体弱多病,3 人(14%)体弱多病。此外,22 人中有 8 人(36%)在过去一年中至少摔倒过一次。参与者的平均步速为 0.8 米/秒,平均 SPPB 得分为 8.9 分,平均 TUG 时间为 13.8 秒。步态分析仪对功能领域的敏感性、特异性和曲线下面积(AUC)分别为:SPPB(平衡和步态)1.00、0.84 和 0.92;TUG 时间 0.38、0.89 和 0.64。FROP-Com分别为0.45、0.91和0.68;步态速度分别为0.60、1.00和0.80;TUG分别为1.00、0.94和0.97。心率分析仪对虚弱的非功能性成分显示出更高的有效性,灵敏度为 1.00,特异性为 0.73,AUC 为 0.83:步态和心率分析仪与 FRAIL 量表的功能成分、步态速度和 FROP-Com 之间的一致性非常显著。此外,心率分析仪与 FRAIL 量表的非功能部分之间也有明显的一致性。步态和心率分析仪可用于社区老年人体弱和跌倒的筛查测试,但还需要进一步改进和在人群水平上进行验证。
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引用次数: 0
The WeThrive App and Its Impact on Adolescents Who Menstruate: Qualitative Study. WeThrive 应用程序及其对月经期青少年的影响:定性研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.2196/57936
Nora MacNeil, Victoria Price, Meghan Pike

Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) affects up to 37% of adolescents. Without recognition, HMB can lead to other medical conditions resulting in diminished health-related quality of life. WeThrive, a new mobile health (mHealth) app, implements the pictorial bleeding assessment chart to identify HMB, and the adolescent Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire to measure the effects of HMB on adolescents' health-related quality of life. If HMB is identified, WeThrive will connect users to local clinics for further assessment of their menstrual bleeding with a health care provider.

Objective: This study aimed to describe adolescents' experiences using WeThrive app.

Methods: This qualitative study was approved by the local Research Ethics Board in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and informed consent was provided by all participants. Individual semistructured interviews were held via videoconference with adolescents younger than 18 years, who had at least 1 menstrual period and had used WeThrive at least once. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed by 2 investigators (MP and NMN) independently, and the κ statistic was calculated to determine the strength of correlation in themes.

Results: Five adolescents (mean age 15.5, range 13-18 years), participated in the interviews. All participants stated that WeThrive helps them better understand their menstrual periods by predicting period onset, recognizing menstrual symptoms, and identifying HMB. Four themes were identified: (1) the importance of visual features and usability, (2) newly obtained knowledge using WeThrive, (3) feature use depends on menstrual health, and (4) trustworthiness. There was substantial agreement on the identified themes (κ=0.73).

Conclusions: WeThrive is visually appealing, and trustworthy, and helps users better understand their menstrual periods, including identifying HMB. By identifying HMB early, WeThrive has the potential to improve the recognition of bleeding disorders and iron deficiency in adolescents. WeThrive is a useful tool to help adolescents better understand their menstrual periods.

背景:多达 37% 的青少年会受到月经大量出血(HMB)的影响。如果不加以识别,HMB 可能会引发其他疾病,导致与健康相关的生活质量下降。WeThrive是一款全新的移动医疗(mHealth)应用程序,它采用图形化出血评估表来识别HMB,并采用青少年月经出血问卷来测量HMB对青少年健康相关生活质量的影响。如果确定为 HMB,WeThrive 将为用户联系当地诊所,由医疗服务提供者对其月经出血情况进行进一步评估:本研究旨在描述青少年使用 WeThrive 应用程序的体验:这项定性研究已获得新斯科舍省哈利法克斯市当地研究伦理委员会的批准,所有参与者均已知情同意。通过视频会议对至少来过一次月经并至少使用过一次 WeThrive 的 18 岁以下青少年进行了个人半结构化访谈。访谈记录由两名调查人员(MP 和 NMN)独立进行主题分析,并计算 κ 统计量以确定主题的相关性强度:五名青少年(平均年龄 15.5 岁,13-18 岁不等)参加了访谈。所有参与者都表示,WeThrive 通过预测月经来潮、识别月经症状和识别 HMB 帮助他们更好地了解自己的月经期。访谈确定了四个主题(1) 视觉功能和可用性的重要性,(2) 使用 WeThrive 获得的新知识,(3) 功能的使用取决于月经健康状况,以及 (4) 可信度。结论:WeThrive 在视觉上很吸引人:WeThrive具有视觉吸引力和可信度,可帮助用户更好地了解自己的月经情况,包括识别HMB。通过早期识别 HMB,WeThrive 有可能提高对青少年出血性疾病和铁缺乏症的识别率。WeThrive 是帮助青少年更好地了解其月经情况的有用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing ChatGPT's Interpretation and Reporting of Delirium Assessment Outcomes: Exploratory Study. 优化 ChatGPT 对谵妄评估结果的解释和报告:探索性研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2196/51383
Yong K Choi, Shih-Yin Lin, Donna Marie Fick, Richard W Shulman, Sangil Lee, Priyanka Shrestha, Kate Santoso
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Generative artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, have shown promising potential in supporting medical education and clinical decision-making, given their vast knowledge base and natural language processing capabilities. As a general purpose AI system, ChatGPT can complete a wide range of tasks, including differential diagnosis without additional training. However, the specific application of ChatGPT in learning and applying a series of specialized, context-specific tasks mimicking the workflow of a human assessor, such as administering a standardized assessment questionnaire, followed by inputting assessment results in a standardized form, and interpretating assessment results strictly following credible, published scoring criteria, have not been thoroughly studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This exploratory study aims to evaluate and optimize ChatGPT's capabilities in administering and interpreting the Sour Seven Questionnaire, an informant-based delirium assessment tool. Specifically, the objectives were to train ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 to understand and correctly apply the Sour Seven Questionnaire to clinical vignettes using prompt engineering, assess the performance of these AI models in identifying and scoring delirium symptoms against scores from human experts, and refine and enhance the models' interpretation and reporting accuracy through iterative prompt optimization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used prompt engineering to train ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 models on the Sour Seven Questionnaire, a tool for assessing delirium through caregiver input. Prompt engineering is a methodology used to enhance the AI's processing of inputs by meticulously structuring the prompts to improve accuracy and consistency in outputs. In this study, prompt engineering involved creating specific, structured commands that guided the AI models in understanding and applying the assessment tool's criteria accurately to clinical vignettes. This approach also included designing prompts to explicitly instruct the AI on how to format its responses, ensuring they were consistent with clinical documentation standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both ChatGPT models demonstrated promising proficiency in applying the Sour Seven Questionnaire to the vignettes, despite initial inconsistencies and errors. Performance notably improved through iterative prompt engineering, enhancing the models' capacity to detect delirium symptoms and assign scores. Prompt optimizations included adjusting the scoring methodology to accept only definitive "Yes" or "No" responses, revising the evaluation prompt to mandate responses in a tabular format, and guiding the models to adhere to the 2 recommended actions specified in the Sour Seven Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the potential utility of AI models such as ChatGPT in admi
背景:生成式人工智能(AI)和大型语言模型(如 OpenAI 的 ChatGPT)具有庞大的知识库和自然语言处理能力,在支持医学教育和临床决策方面显示出巨大的潜力。作为一个通用的人工智能系统,ChatGPT 可以完成广泛的任务,包括无需额外培训的鉴别诊断。然而,ChatGPT 在学习和应用一系列模仿人类评估师工作流程的专业化、特定情境任务方面的具体应用,如实施标准化评估问卷,然后在标准化表格中输入评估结果,并严格按照可信的、已公布的评分标准解释评估结果等,尚未得到深入研究:本探索性研究旨在评估和优化 ChatGPT 在实施和解释基于线人的谵妄评估工具 "酸七问卷 "方面的能力。具体来说,研究目标是利用提示工程学训练 ChatGPT-3.5 和 ChatGPT-4,使其能够理解并正确地将酸七问卷应用到临床小故事中,对照人类专家的评分评估这些人工智能模型在识别和评分谵妄症状方面的表现,并通过迭代提示优化完善和提高模型的解释和报告准确性:我们使用提示工程对 ChatGPT-3.5 和 ChatGPT-4 模型进行了 "酸七问卷 "训练,这是一种通过护理人员输入来评估谵妄的工具。提示工程是一种用于增强人工智能处理输入的方法,通过精心设计提示结构来提高输出的准确性和一致性。在本研究中,提示工程包括创建特定的结构化命令,引导人工智能模型理解评估工具的标准并将其准确应用到临床案例中。这种方法还包括设计提示,明确指导人工智能如何格式化其回答,确保其符合临床文档标准:结果:尽管最初出现了不一致和错误,但 ChatGPT 模型在将酸痛七项问卷应用到小故事中时都表现出了良好的熟练度。通过迭代提示工程,性能显著提高,增强了模型检测谵妄症状和分配分数的能力。提示优化包括调整评分方法,只接受明确的 "是 "或 "否 "回答;修改评估提示,要求以表格形式回答;指导模型遵守酸七项问卷中规定的两项建议行动:我们的研究结果提供了初步证据,支持 ChatGPT 等人工智能模型在管理标准化临床评估工具方面的潜在效用。这些结果凸显了针对具体情况的培训和提示工程对于充分发挥这些人工智能模型在医疗保健应用中的潜力的重要意义。尽管取得了令人鼓舞的结果,但还需要进行更广泛的推广和在真实世界环境中的进一步验证。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Trade-Offs for Online Mental Health Matching: Agent-Based Modeling Study. 探索在线心理健康匹配的利弊权衡:基于代理的建模研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2196/58241
Yuhan Liu, Anna Fang, Glen Moriarty, Cristopher Firman, Robert E Kraut, Haiyi Zhu
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Online mental health communities (OMHCs) are an effective and accessible channel to give and receive social support for individuals with mental and emotional issues. However, a key challenge on these platforms is finding suitable partners to interact with given that mechanisms to match users are currently underdeveloped or highly naive.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we collaborated with one of the world's largest OMHCs; our contribution is to show the application of agent-based modeling for the design of online community matching algorithms. We developed an agent-based simulation framework and showcased how it can uncover trade-offs in different matching algorithms between people seeking support and volunteer counselors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a comprehensive data set spanning January 2020 to April 2022 to create a simulation framework based on agent-based modeling that replicates the current matching mechanisms of our research site. After validating the accuracy of this simulated replication, we used this simulation framework as a "sandbox" to test different matching algorithms based on the deferred acceptance algorithm. We compared trade-offs among these different matching algorithms based on various metrics of interest, such as chat ratings and matching success rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study suggests that various tensions emerge through different algorithmic choices for these communities. For example, our simulation uncovered that increased waiting time for support seekers was an inherent consequence on these sites when intelligent matching was used to find more suitable matches. Our simulation also verified some intuitive effects, such as that the greatest number of support seeker-counselor matches occurred using a "first come, first served" protocol, whereas relatively fewer matches occurred using a "last come, first served" protocol. We also discuss practical findings regarding matching for vulnerable versus overall populations. Results by demographic group revealed disparities-underaged and gender minority groups had lower average chat ratings and higher blocking rates on the site when compared to their majority counterparts, indicating the potential benefits of algorithmically matching them. We found that some protocols, such as a "filter"-based approach that matched vulnerable support seekers only with a counselor of their same demographic, led to improvements for these groups but resulted in lower satisfaction (-12%) among the overall population. However, this trade-off between minority and majority groups was not observed when using "topic" as a matching criterion. Topic-based matching actually outperformed the filter-based protocol among underaged people and led to significant improvements over the status quo among all minority and majority groups-specifically, a 6% average chat rating improvement and a decrease in blocking incidents from 5.86% to 4.
背景:在线心理健康社区(OMHC在线心理健康社区(OMHC)是一个有效且便捷的渠道,可以为有心理和情绪问题的个人提供和接受社会支持。然而,这些平台面临的一个主要挑战是如何找到合适的合作伙伴进行互动,因为目前匹配用户的机制尚不完善或非常幼稚:在这项研究中,我们与全球最大的 OMHC 合作;我们的贡献在于展示了基于代理的建模在在线社区匹配算法设计中的应用。我们开发了一个基于代理的模拟框架,并展示了该框架如何发现寻求支持者和志愿咨询师之间不同匹配算法的权衡:我们利用 2020 年 1 月至 2022 年 4 月的综合数据集,创建了一个基于代理建模的模拟框架,该框架复制了我们研究网站当前的匹配机制。在验证了这一模拟复制的准确性后,我们将这一模拟框架用作 "沙盒",以测试基于延迟接受算法的不同匹配算法。我们根据各种相关指标(如聊天评分和匹配成功率)比较了这些不同匹配算法之间的权衡:我们的研究表明,在这些社区中,不同的算法选择会产生各种紧张关系。例如,我们的模拟发现,当使用智能匹配来寻找更合适的匹配对象时,寻求支持者的等待时间会增加,这是这些网站的固有后果。我们的模拟还验证了一些直观效果,例如,使用 "先到先得 "协议时,支持寻求者与顾问的匹配数量最多,而使用 "后到先得 "协议时,匹配数量相对较少。我们还讨论了弱势群体与总体人群匹配的实际结果。按人口群体划分的结果显示了差异--与大多数人相比,未成年群体和性别少数群体在网站上的平均聊天评分较低,屏蔽率较高,这表明通过算法匹配他们可能会带来好处。我们发现,一些协议,如基于 "过滤 "的方法,只将弱势寻求支持者与与其人口统计相同的咨询师进行匹配,虽然改善了这些群体的情况,但却降低了整体人群的满意度(-12%)。然而,在使用 "主题 "作为匹配标准时,却没有观察到少数群体和多数群体之间的这种权衡。在未成年人中,基于主题的匹配实际上优于基于过滤的协议,并且在所有少数群体和多数群体中都比现状有了显著改善--具体来说,平均聊天评分提高了 6%,屏蔽事件从 5.86% 降至 4.26%:结论:基于代理的建模可以揭示 OMHC 背景下的重要设计考虑因素,包括各种结果指标的权衡以及算法匹配对边缘化群体的潜在益处。
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引用次数: 0
Harnessing the Power of Complementarity Between Smart Tracking Technology and Associated Health Information Technologies: Longitudinal Study. 利用智能追踪技术与相关健康信息技术的互补性:纵向研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2196/51198
Youyou Tao, Ruilin Zhu, Dezhi Wu
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smart tracking technology (STT) that was applied for clinical use has the potential to reduce 30-day all-cause readmission risk through streamlining clinical workflows with improved accuracy, mobility, and efficiency. However, previously published literature has inadequately addressed the joint effects of STT for clinical use and its complementary health ITs (HITs) in this context. Furthermore, while previous studies have discussed the symbiotic and pooled complementarity effects among different HITs, there is a lack of evidence-based research specifically examining the complementarity effects between STT for clinical use and other relevant HITs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Through a complementarity theory lens, this study aims to examine the joint effects of STT for clinical use and 3 relevant HITs on 30-day all-cause readmission risk. These HITs are STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and health information exchange (HIE). Specifically, this study examines whether the pooled complementarity effect exists between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, and whether symbiotic complementarity effects exist between STT for clinical use and mobile IT and between STT for clinical use and HIE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses a longitudinal in-patient dataset, including 879,122 in-patient hospital admissions for 347,949 patients in 61 hospitals located in Florida and New York in the United States, from 2014 to 2015. Logistic regression was applied to assess the effect of HITs on readmission risks. Time and hospital fixed effects were controlled in the regression model. Robust standard errors (SEs) were used to account for potential heteroskedasticity. These errors were further clustered at the patient level to consider possible correlations within the patient groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The interaction between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and HIE was negatively associated with 30-day readmission risk, with coefficients of -0.0352 (P=.003), -0.0520 (P<.001), and -0.0216 (P=.04), respectively. These results indicate that the pooled complementarity effect exists between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, and symbiotic complementarity effects exist between STT for clinical use and mobile IT and between STT for clinical use and HIE. Furthermore, the joint effects of these HITs varied depending on the hospital affiliation and patients' disease types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results reveal that while individual HIT implementations have varying impacts on 30-day readmission risk, their joint effects are often associated with a reduction in 30-day readmission risk. This study substantially contributes to HIT value literature by quantifying the complementarity effects among 4 different types of HITs: STT for clinical use, STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and HIE. It further offers pra
背景介绍应用于临床的智能追踪技术(STT)可通过提高准确性、移动性和效率来简化临床工作流程,从而降低 30 天全因再入院风险。然而,此前发表的文献并未充分探讨 STT 在临床应用及其辅助医疗信息技术(HIT)方面的共同作用。此外,虽然以往的研究讨论了不同 HIT 之间的共生效应和集合互补效应,但缺乏基于证据的研究,专门探讨用于临床的 STT 与其他相关 HIT 之间的互补效应:本研究旨在通过互补理论的视角,考察临床用 STT 和 3 种相关 HIT 对 30 天全因再入院风险的共同影响。这些 HIT 分别是供应链管理 STT、移动 IT 和健康信息交换 (HIE)。具体而言,本研究探讨了临床使用 STT 与供应链管理 STT 之间是否存在集合互补效应,临床使用 STT 与移动 IT 之间以及临床使用 STT 与 HIE 之间是否存在共生互补效应:本研究使用了一个纵向住院患者数据集,其中包括 2014 年至 2015 年美国佛罗里达州和纽约州 61 家医院的 879 122 例住院患者,共 347 949 名患者。应用逻辑回归评估了HIT对再入院风险的影响。回归模型中控制了时间和医院固定效应。使用修正标准误差 (SE) 来考虑潜在的异方差。这些误差在患者水平上进一步聚类,以考虑患者组内可能存在的相关性:结果:临床使用 STT 与供应链管理 STT、移动 IT 和 HIE 之间的交互作用与 30 天再入院风险呈负相关,系数分别为-0.0352(P=.003)、-0.0520(P=.003)和-0.0520(P=.003):我们的研究结果表明,虽然单项 HIT 实施对 30 天再入院风险的影响各不相同,但它们的联合效应往往与 30 天再入院风险的降低相关。本研究通过量化 4 种不同类型 HIT 之间的互补效应,为 HIT 价值文献做出了重大贡献:STT 用于临床、STT 用于供应链管理、移动 IT 和 HIE。该研究还为医院提供了实际启示,以最大限度地发挥互补性 HITs 的优势,降低各自护理方案中的 30 天再入院风险。
{"title":"Harnessing the Power of Complementarity Between Smart Tracking Technology and Associated Health Information Technologies: Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Youyou Tao, Ruilin Zhu, Dezhi Wu","doi":"10.2196/51198","DOIUrl":"10.2196/51198","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Smart tracking technology (STT) that was applied for clinical use has the potential to reduce 30-day all-cause readmission risk through streamlining clinical workflows with improved accuracy, mobility, and efficiency. However, previously published literature has inadequately addressed the joint effects of STT for clinical use and its complementary health ITs (HITs) in this context. Furthermore, while previous studies have discussed the symbiotic and pooled complementarity effects among different HITs, there is a lack of evidence-based research specifically examining the complementarity effects between STT for clinical use and other relevant HITs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Through a complementarity theory lens, this study aims to examine the joint effects of STT for clinical use and 3 relevant HITs on 30-day all-cause readmission risk. These HITs are STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and health information exchange (HIE). Specifically, this study examines whether the pooled complementarity effect exists between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, and whether symbiotic complementarity effects exist between STT for clinical use and mobile IT and between STT for clinical use and HIE.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study uses a longitudinal in-patient dataset, including 879,122 in-patient hospital admissions for 347,949 patients in 61 hospitals located in Florida and New York in the United States, from 2014 to 2015. Logistic regression was applied to assess the effect of HITs on readmission risks. Time and hospital fixed effects were controlled in the regression model. Robust standard errors (SEs) were used to account for potential heteroskedasticity. These errors were further clustered at the patient level to consider possible correlations within the patient groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The interaction between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and HIE was negatively associated with 30-day readmission risk, with coefficients of -0.0352 (P=.003), -0.0520 (P&lt;.001), and -0.0216 (P=.04), respectively. These results indicate that the pooled complementarity effect exists between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, and symbiotic complementarity effects exist between STT for clinical use and mobile IT and between STT for clinical use and HIE. Furthermore, the joint effects of these HITs varied depending on the hospital affiliation and patients' disease types.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our results reveal that while individual HIT implementations have varying impacts on 30-day readmission risk, their joint effects are often associated with a reduction in 30-day readmission risk. This study substantially contributes to HIT value literature by quantifying the complementarity effects among 4 different types of HITs: STT for clinical use, STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and HIE. It further offers pra","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11480677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-Care Program as a Tool for Alleviating Anxiety and Loneliness and Promoting Satisfaction With Life in High School Students and Staff: Randomized Survey Study. 将自我保健计划作为缓解高中社区焦虑和孤独感以及提高生活满意度的工具:随机调查研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.2196/56355
Priya Iyer, Lina Iyer, Nicole Carter, Ranjani Iyer, Amy Stirling, Lakshmi Priya, Ushma Sriraman
<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 global pandemic has led to a marked increase in anxiety levels, significantly affecting the well-being of individuals worldwide. In response to this growing concern, interventions aimed at enhancing social-emotional skills and promoting mental health are more crucial than ever.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This global study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a self-care program on anxiety, loneliness, and satisfaction with life in high school students and staff in a randomized, waitlist control trial with baseline and postintervention assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 4-week web-based self-care program, offered by the Heartfulness Institute, is designed to develop social-emotional skills through stress management and self-observation. The web-based program was a positive intervention that offered support to the students and staff to build specific skills, such as reflection, observation, positivity, time management, and goal setting. In this study, the sample consisted of a total of 203 high school students and staff randomized into a control waitlisted group (students: n=57 and staff: n=45) and a Heartfulness group (students: n=57 and staff: n=44) from 3 schools. Both the groups completed web-based surveys at weeks 0, 4, and 8, assessing their anxiety, loneliness, and satisfaction with life scores using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7 and Severity Measure for Generalized Anxiety Disorder-Child Age 11-17), Satisfaction With Life scale (SWLS) and Satisfaction With Life Scale-Child (SWLS-C), and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale. Survey responses were each individually analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study received institutional review board approval on February 3, 2022. Participant recruitment lasted from the approval date until March 30, 2022. The 4-week program for the Heartfulness group started on April 4, 2024. There was a significant 3-way interaction among time, group, and school showing a decrease in anxiety and loneliness scores and an increase in satisfaction-with-life scores (P<.05). In students in the Heartfulness group, there was strong evidence to suggest a significant mean difference in GAD-7, SWLS, and UCLA scores between week 0 and week 4 at all schools (P<.001). In staff in the Heartfulness group, there was strong evidence to suggest a significant mean difference in GAD-7, SWLS, and UCLA scores between week 0 and week 4 at all schools (P<.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pandemic brought severe educational and social changes that triggered a decline in mental health in schools. This study showed the effectiveness of noninvasive self-care tools used digitally to significantly decrease anxiety and loneliness scores and increase satisfaction of life scores in the participants.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05874232; https://clinicalt
背景:COVID-19 在全球的流行导致焦虑水平明显上升,严重影响了全球个人的福祉。为了应对这一日益严重的问题,旨在提高社交情感技能和促进心理健康的干预措施比以往任何时候都更为重要:这项全球性研究通过基线和干预后评估,以随机、候补名单对照试验的形式,考察了 "自我关爱 "项目对中学生和教职员工的焦虑、孤独感和生活满意度的影响:为期 4 周的虚拟 "自理 "项目由 Heartfulness Institute 提供,旨在通过压力管理和自我观察来培养社交情感技能。该虚拟项目是一项积极的干预措施,为学生和教职员工提供支持,以培养他们的特定技能,如反思、观察、积极、时间管理和目标设定等。在这项研究中,样本包括来自三所学校的共 203 名高中学生和教职员工,他们被随机分为对照-候选组(学生:57 人,教职员工:45 人)和 "心智 "组(学生:57 人,教职员工:44 人)。两组人员分别在第 0 周、第 4 周和第 8 周完成在线调查,使用广泛性焦虑症量表(GAD-7 和广泛性焦虑症严重程度量表-11-17 岁儿童)、生活满意度量表(SWLS 和 SWLS-C)以及加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表评估他们的焦虑、孤独和生活满意度得分。通过重复测量方差分析对每份调查问卷的答复进行单独分析:该研究于 2022 年 2 月 3 日获得了机构审查委员会的批准。参与者招募从批准之日起持续到 2022 年 3 月 30 日。心智健全组为期 4 周的课程于 2024 年 4 月 4 日开始。时间、小组和学校三者之间存在明显的交互作用,表明焦虑和孤独感得分降低,生活满意度得分提高(p结论:大流行病带来了严重的教育和社会变化,导致学校心理健康水平下降。这项研究表明,非侵入性自我保健工具的使用效果显著,参与者的焦虑和孤独感得分明显下降,生活满意度得分上升:临床试验:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05874232;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05874232。
{"title":"Self-Care Program as a Tool for Alleviating Anxiety and Loneliness and Promoting Satisfaction With Life in High School Students and Staff: Randomized Survey Study.","authors":"Priya Iyer, Lina Iyer, Nicole Carter, Ranjani Iyer, Amy Stirling, Lakshmi Priya, Ushma Sriraman","doi":"10.2196/56355","DOIUrl":"10.2196/56355","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The COVID-19 global pandemic has led to a marked increase in anxiety levels, significantly affecting the well-being of individuals worldwide. In response to this growing concern, interventions aimed at enhancing social-emotional skills and promoting mental health are more crucial than ever.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This global study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a self-care program on anxiety, loneliness, and satisfaction with life in high school students and staff in a randomized, waitlist control trial with baseline and postintervention assessments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The 4-week web-based self-care program, offered by the Heartfulness Institute, is designed to develop social-emotional skills through stress management and self-observation. The web-based program was a positive intervention that offered support to the students and staff to build specific skills, such as reflection, observation, positivity, time management, and goal setting. In this study, the sample consisted of a total of 203 high school students and staff randomized into a control waitlisted group (students: n=57 and staff: n=45) and a Heartfulness group (students: n=57 and staff: n=44) from 3 schools. Both the groups completed web-based surveys at weeks 0, 4, and 8, assessing their anxiety, loneliness, and satisfaction with life scores using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7 and Severity Measure for Generalized Anxiety Disorder-Child Age 11-17), Satisfaction With Life scale (SWLS) and Satisfaction With Life Scale-Child (SWLS-C), and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale. Survey responses were each individually analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study received institutional review board approval on February 3, 2022. Participant recruitment lasted from the approval date until March 30, 2022. The 4-week program for the Heartfulness group started on April 4, 2024. There was a significant 3-way interaction among time, group, and school showing a decrease in anxiety and loneliness scores and an increase in satisfaction-with-life scores (P&lt;.05). In students in the Heartfulness group, there was strong evidence to suggest a significant mean difference in GAD-7, SWLS, and UCLA scores between week 0 and week 4 at all schools (P&lt;.001). In staff in the Heartfulness group, there was strong evidence to suggest a significant mean difference in GAD-7, SWLS, and UCLA scores between week 0 and week 4 at all schools (P&lt;.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The pandemic brought severe educational and social changes that triggered a decline in mental health in schools. This study showed the effectiveness of noninvasive self-care tools used digitally to significantly decrease anxiety and loneliness scores and increase satisfaction of life scores in the participants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial registration: &lt;/strong&gt;ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05874232; https://clinicalt","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11474114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation and Future Challenges in a Self-Guided Web-Based Intervention With and Without Chat Support for Depression and Anxiety Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间对抑郁和焦虑症状进行有聊天支持和无聊天支持的基于网络的自我指导干预的评估和未来挑战:随机对照试验。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.2196/53767
Alejandro Dominguez-Rodriguez, Sergio Sanz-Gomez, Leivy Patricia González Ramírez, Paulina Erika Herdoiza-Arroyo, Lorena Edith Trevino Garcia, Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez, Joel Omar González-Cantero, Valeria Macias-Aguinaga, Paulina Arenas Landgrave, Sarah Margarita Chávez-Valdez
<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on mental health worldwide. Low- and middle-income countries were largely affected by it. Mexico was one of the most affected countries. Extended periods of lockdowns, isolation, and social distancing, among other factors, highlighted the need to introduce web-based psychological interventions to the Mexican population. In this context, Mental Health COVID-19 emerged as a self-guided web-based intervention (SGWI) aimed at adults to improve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the efficacy of 2 modalities of a self-guided intervention (with and without chat support) in reducing depression symptoms, generalized anxiety, community posttraumatic stress, widespread fear, anxiety, sleep quality, physiological and affective coping, and suicide ideation. In addition, it aimed to compare the moderating role of coping strategies, acceptance, and satisfaction in participants' symptom reduction. We hypothesize that the self-guided, chat-supported modality will show higher efficacy than the modality without chat support in achieving clinical change and better performance as a moderator of depression symptoms, generalized anxiety, community posttraumatic stress, widespread fear, anxiety, sleep quality, physiological and affective coping, and suicide ideation, as well as an increase in participants' satisfaction and acceptability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Data were collected from May 2020 to June 2022. We performed intrasubject measures at 4 evaluation periods: pretest, posttest, and follow-up measurements at 3 and 6 months. Differences between intervention groups were assessed through the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Changes due to intervention were analyzed using Wilcoxon W test. Moderated regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesized moderating role of coping strategies, usability, and opinion about treatment on clinical change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 participants completed the intervention; of these, 5 (14%) were part of the SGWI group, and 31 (86%) were on the SGWI plus chat support (SGWI+C) group, which included a chat service with therapists. The perceived high complexity of the system for the SGWI group had a moderating effect associated with a lack of efficacy of the intervention regarding depression, but not when controlled for sociodemographic variables. A perception of lower helpfulness of the intervention was associated with poorer outcomes. Coping strategies did not show moderating effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enhancing the utility of web-based interventions for reducing clinical symptoms by incorporating a support chat to boost treatment adherence seemed to improve the perception of the intervention's usefulness. Web-based interventions face
背景:COVID-19 大流行对全世界的心理健康产生了影响。中低收入国家在很大程度上受到了影响。墨西哥是受影响最严重的国家之一。长期的封锁、隔离和社会疏离等因素突出表明,有必要向墨西哥民众介绍基于网络的心理干预措施。在这种情况下,心理健康 COVID-19 应运而生,它是一种基于网络的自我指导干预措施(SGWI),旨在帮助成年人在 COVID-19 大流行期间改善心理健康:本研究旨在评估两种自我指导干预模式(有聊天支持和无聊天支持)在减轻抑郁症状、广泛焦虑、社区创伤后应激、广泛恐惧、焦虑、睡眠质量、生理和情感应对以及自杀意念方面的效果。此外,该研究还旨在比较应对策略、接受度和满意度对参与者症状减轻的调节作用。我们假设,与没有聊天支持的模式相比,有聊天支持的自我指导模式在实现临床改变方面将表现出更高的有效性,在抑郁症状、广泛焦虑、社区创伤后应激、广泛恐惧、焦虑、睡眠质量、生理和情感应对以及自杀意念的调节方面表现出更好的性能,同时参与者的满意度和接受度也将提高:方法:进行随机对照试验。数据收集时间为 2020 年 5 月至 2022 年 6 月。我们在4个评估阶段进行了受试者内部测量:前测、后测以及3个月和6个月的随访测量。干预组之间的差异通过连续变量的曼-惠特尼 U 检验和分类变量的卡方检验进行评估。干预引起的变化采用 Wilcoxon W 检验进行分析。进行了调节回归分析,以检验应对策略、可用性和对治疗的看法对临床变化的假设调节作用:共有 36 名参与者完成了干预,其中 5 人(14%)属于 SGWI 组,31 人(86%)属于 SGWI 加聊天支持(SGWI+C)组,该组包括与治疗师的聊天服务。SGWI组认为系统的复杂性较高,这对抑郁症干预效果不佳产生了调节作用,但在控制了社会人口变量后,这种作用并不明显。认为干预措施对抑郁症患者的帮助较小的人,其结果也较差。应对策略没有显示出调节作用:结论:通过加入支持聊天来提高治疗依从性,从而增强网络干预对减少临床症状的效用,这似乎提高了人们对干预效用的认识。基于网络的干预措施面临着一些挑战,如消除平台使用中的复杂性和提高用户对干预措施效用的感知,以及研究中发现的其他问题:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04468893;https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04468893?tab=results.International 注册报告标识符(irrid):RR2-10.2196/23117。
{"title":"Evaluation and Future Challenges in a Self-Guided Web-Based Intervention With and Without Chat Support for Depression and Anxiety Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Alejandro Dominguez-Rodriguez, Sergio Sanz-Gomez, Leivy Patricia González Ramírez, Paulina Erika Herdoiza-Arroyo, Lorena Edith Trevino Garcia, Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez, Joel Omar González-Cantero, Valeria Macias-Aguinaga, Paulina Arenas Landgrave, Sarah Margarita Chávez-Valdez","doi":"10.2196/53767","DOIUrl":"10.2196/53767","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on mental health worldwide. Low- and middle-income countries were largely affected by it. Mexico was one of the most affected countries. Extended periods of lockdowns, isolation, and social distancing, among other factors, highlighted the need to introduce web-based psychological interventions to the Mexican population. In this context, Mental Health COVID-19 emerged as a self-guided web-based intervention (SGWI) aimed at adults to improve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to assess the efficacy of 2 modalities of a self-guided intervention (with and without chat support) in reducing depression symptoms, generalized anxiety, community posttraumatic stress, widespread fear, anxiety, sleep quality, physiological and affective coping, and suicide ideation. In addition, it aimed to compare the moderating role of coping strategies, acceptance, and satisfaction in participants' symptom reduction. We hypothesize that the self-guided, chat-supported modality will show higher efficacy than the modality without chat support in achieving clinical change and better performance as a moderator of depression symptoms, generalized anxiety, community posttraumatic stress, widespread fear, anxiety, sleep quality, physiological and affective coping, and suicide ideation, as well as an increase in participants' satisfaction and acceptability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Data were collected from May 2020 to June 2022. We performed intrasubject measures at 4 evaluation periods: pretest, posttest, and follow-up measurements at 3 and 6 months. Differences between intervention groups were assessed through the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Changes due to intervention were analyzed using Wilcoxon W test. Moderated regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesized moderating role of coping strategies, usability, and opinion about treatment on clinical change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 36 participants completed the intervention; of these, 5 (14%) were part of the SGWI group, and 31 (86%) were on the SGWI plus chat support (SGWI+C) group, which included a chat service with therapists. The perceived high complexity of the system for the SGWI group had a moderating effect associated with a lack of efficacy of the intervention regarding depression, but not when controlled for sociodemographic variables. A perception of lower helpfulness of the intervention was associated with poorer outcomes. Coping strategies did not show moderating effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Enhancing the utility of web-based interventions for reducing clinical symptoms by incorporating a support chat to boost treatment adherence seemed to improve the perception of the intervention's usefulness. Web-based interventions face ","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11474119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
mHealth Apps for Hypertension Self-Management: Interview Study Among Patient-Users. 用于高血压自我管理的移动医疗应用程序:患者用户访谈研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.2196/56162
Felix Muehlensiepen, Dunja Bruch, Frances Seifert, Eileen Wengemuth, Martin Heinze, Sebastian Spethmann, Susann May

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affecting over a billion people worldwide. Mobile health (mHealth) apps have emerged as effective tools for managing hypertension, offering capabilities for monitoring blood pressure, fostering lifestyle changes, and improving treatment adherence.

Objective: This study aimed to explore patient-users' perspectives on the hypertension care mHealth app Hypertension.APP, focusing on its accessibility, expected benefits, potential risks, and role in hypertension management in Germany.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted involving semistructured interviews with 20 patient-users of a hypertension care mHealth app, Hypertension.APP. Participants were recruited between January and June 2023 using purposive sampling. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results: Participants primarily discovered the app independently, driven by recent hypertension diagnoses and insufficient information from health care professionals regarding effective self-management strategies for their blood pressure. They valued the app for its continuous monitoring and feedback capabilities, aiding in understanding their condition and making lifestyle adjustments. Risks were perceived as minimal, mainly concerning data privacy and potential overreliance on the app. The app became integral to patient-users' hypertension management by offering consistent information and support. The integration into formal health care was limited, as patient-users felt that health care professionals did not accept the use of the technology or might have even felt intimidated to use it.

Conclusions: Among the sample studied, mHealth apps like Hypertension.APP were valued for their continuous monitoring and educational content, aiding in hypertension management. The findings suggest potential benefits of mHealth apps for effective hypertension care among patients who are health- and digitally literate as well as self-effective. There is a critical need for better integration of these apps into routine health care practices, as perceived by the app users. Given the small and specific sample of this qualitative study, further quantitative research with a broader and more varied participant group is necessary to validate these findings.

Trial registration: Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00029761; https://tinyurl.com/r33ru22s.

背景:高血压是心血管疾病的主要风险因素,影响着全球十多亿人。移动医疗(mHealth)应用程序已成为管理高血压的有效工具,具有监测血压、促进生活方式改变和改善治疗依从性的功能:本研究旨在探讨患者用户对高血压护理移动医疗应用程序 Hypertension.APP 的看法,重点关注其在德国高血压管理中的可及性、预期效益、潜在风险和作用:对高血压护理移动医疗应用程序 Hypertension.APP 的 20 名患者用户进行了半结构式访谈。研究人员在 2023 年 1 月至 6 月期间通过有目的的抽样调查招募了参与者。采用定性内容分析法对逐字记录誊本进行了分析:结果:参与者主要是在最近诊断出高血压以及医疗保健专业人员提供的有关血压有效自我管理策略的信息不足的情况下独立发现该应用程序的。他们看重该应用的持续监测和反馈功能,认为这有助于了解自己的病情并调整生活方式。他们认为风险很小,主要涉及数据隐私和可能对应用程序的过度依赖。通过提供持续的信息和支持,该应用程序已成为患者管理高血压不可或缺的一部分。与正规医疗保健的结合有限,因为患者用户认为医疗保健专业人员不接受使用该技术,甚至可能对使用该技术感到恐惧:在研究的样本中,Hypertension.APP 等移动医疗应用程序因其持续监测和教育内容而受到重视,有助于高血压管理。研究结果表明,移动医疗应用程序可为具备健康和数字知识以及自我效能的患者提供有效的高血压护理。正如应用程序用户所认为的那样,亟需将这些应用程序更好地融入日常医疗保健实践中。鉴于这项定性研究的样本较小且特殊,有必要对更广泛、更多样的参与者群体进行进一步的定量研究,以验证这些发现:试验注册:Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00029761; https://tinyurl.com/r33ru22s。
{"title":"mHealth Apps for Hypertension Self-Management: Interview Study Among Patient-Users.","authors":"Felix Muehlensiepen, Dunja Bruch, Frances Seifert, Eileen Wengemuth, Martin Heinze, Sebastian Spethmann, Susann May","doi":"10.2196/56162","DOIUrl":"10.2196/56162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affecting over a billion people worldwide. Mobile health (mHealth) apps have emerged as effective tools for managing hypertension, offering capabilities for monitoring blood pressure, fostering lifestyle changes, and improving treatment adherence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore patient-users' perspectives on the hypertension care mHealth app Hypertension.APP, focusing on its accessibility, expected benefits, potential risks, and role in hypertension management in Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative study was conducted involving semistructured interviews with 20 patient-users of a hypertension care mHealth app, Hypertension.APP. Participants were recruited between January and June 2023 using purposive sampling. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants primarily discovered the app independently, driven by recent hypertension diagnoses and insufficient information from health care professionals regarding effective self-management strategies for their blood pressure. They valued the app for its continuous monitoring and feedback capabilities, aiding in understanding their condition and making lifestyle adjustments. Risks were perceived as minimal, mainly concerning data privacy and potential overreliance on the app. The app became integral to patient-users' hypertension management by offering consistent information and support. The integration into formal health care was limited, as patient-users felt that health care professionals did not accept the use of the technology or might have even felt intimidated to use it.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among the sample studied, mHealth apps like Hypertension.APP were valued for their continuous monitoring and educational content, aiding in hypertension management. The findings suggest potential benefits of mHealth apps for effective hypertension care among patients who are health- and digitally literate as well as self-effective. There is a critical need for better integration of these apps into routine health care practices, as perceived by the app users. Given the small and specific sample of this qualitative study, further quantitative research with a broader and more varied participant group is necessary to validate these findings.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00029761; https://tinyurl.com/r33ru22s.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11470216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Ontology to Bridge the Clinical Management of Patients and Public Health Responses for Strengthening Infectious Disease Surveillance: Design Science Study. 连接患者临床管理与公共卫生响应的本体论,以加强传染病监测:设计科学研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.2196/53711
Sachiko Lim, Paul Johannesson
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Novel surveillance approaches using digital technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), have evolved, enhancing traditional infectious disease surveillance systems by enabling real-time detection of outbreaks and reaching a wider population. However, disparate, heterogenous infectious disease surveillance systems often operate in silos due to a lack of interoperability. As a life-changing clinical use case, the COVID-19 pandemic has manifested that a lack of interoperability can severely inhibit public health responses to emerging infectious diseases. Interoperability is thus critical for building a robust ecosystem of infectious disease surveillance and enhancing preparedness for future outbreaks. The primary enabler for semantic interoperability is ontology.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to design the IoT-based management of infectious disease ontology (IoT-MIDO) to enhance data sharing and integration of data collected from IoT-driven patient health monitoring, clinical management of individual patients, and disparate heterogeneous infectious disease surveillance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ontology modeling approach was chosen for its semantic richness in knowledge representation, flexibility, ease of extensibility, and capability for knowledge inference and reasoning. The IoT-MIDO was developed using the basic formal ontology (BFO) as the top-level ontology. We reused the classes from existing BFO-based ontologies as much as possible to maximize the interoperability with other BFO-based ontologies and databases that rely on them. We formulated the competency questions as requirements for the ontology to achieve the intended goals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We designed an ontology to integrate data from heterogeneous sources, including IoT-driven patient monitoring, clinical management of individual patients, and infectious disease surveillance systems. This integration aims to facilitate the collaboration between clinical care and public health domains. We also demonstrate five use cases using the simplified ontological models to show the potential applications of IoT-MIDO: (1) IoT-driven patient monitoring, risk assessment, early warning, and risk management; (2) clinical management of patients with infectious diseases; (3) epidemic risk analysis for timely response at the public health level; (4) infectious disease surveillance; and (5) transforming patient information into surveillance information.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The development of the IoT-MIDO was driven by competency questions. Being able to answer all the formulated competency questions, we successfully demonstrated that our ontology has the potential to facilitate data sharing and integration for orchestrating IoT-driven patient health monitoring in the context of an infectious disease epidemic, clinical patient management, infectious disease surveillance, and epidemic risk analysis. The
背景:利用包括物联网(IoT)在内的数字技术的新型监测方法不断发展,通过实时检测疫情和覆盖更广泛的人群,加强了传统的传染病监测系统。然而,由于缺乏互操作性,不同的、异构的传染病监测系统往往是各自为政。COVID-19 大流行作为一个改变生命的临床用例,表明缺乏互操作性会严重阻碍对新发传染病的公共卫生响应。因此,互操作性对于建立健全的传染病监控生态系统和加强对未来疫情的防范至关重要。本体是实现语义互操作性的主要手段:本研究旨在设计基于物联网的传染病本体管理(IoT-MIDO),以加强从物联网驱动的患者健康监测、个体患者的临床管理以及不同的异构传染病监测中收集的数据的共享和整合:方法:选择本体建模方法是因为它具有丰富的知识表示语义、灵活性、易扩展性以及知识推理和推理能力。IoT-MIDO以基本形式本体(BFO)为顶层本体进行开发。我们尽可能地重复使用了现有的基于 BFO 的本体中的类,以最大限度地提高与其他基于 BFO 的本体和依赖于它们的数据库之间的互操作性。我们将能力问题作为本体的要求,以实现预期目标:我们设计了一个本体来整合来自不同来源的数据,包括物联网驱动的患者监测、个体患者的临床管理和传染病监测系统。这种整合旨在促进临床护理和公共卫生领域之间的合作。我们还利用简化的本体论模型演示了五个用例,以展示物联网-MIDO的潜在应用:(1)物联网驱动的患者监测、风险评估、预警和风险管理;(2)传染病患者的临床管理;(3)流行病风险分析,以便在公共卫生层面及时做出反应;(4)传染病监测;以及(5)将患者信息转化为监测信息:IoT-MIDO的开发是由能力问题驱动的。通过回答所有能力问题,我们成功地证明了我们的本体具有促进数据共享和整合的潜力,可在传染病流行、临床患者管理、传染病监测和流行风险分析的背景下协调物联网驱动的患者健康监测。本体的新颖性和独特性在于搭建了一座桥梁,将基于物联网的个体患者监测和基于患者风险评估的预警与公共卫生层面的传染病疫情监测联系起来。本体论还可以作为一个起点,启用潜在的决策支持系统,提供可操作的见解,支持公共卫生组织和从业人员及时做出知情决策。
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