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Characteristics, Barriers, and Facilitators of Virtual Decision-Making Capacity Assessments During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Online Survey. COVID-19 大流行期间虚拟决策能力评估的特点、障碍和促进因素:在线调查。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.2196/60574
Lesley Charles, Eileen Tang, Peter George Jaminal Tian, Karenn Chan, Suzette Brémault-Phillips, Bonnie Dobbs, Camelia Vokey, Sharna Polard, Jasneet Parmar
<p><strong>Background: </strong>With a growing older adult population, the number of persons with dementia is expected to rise. Consequently, the number of persons needing decision-making capacity assessments (DMCA) will increase. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted how we deliver patient care including DMCAs with a much more rapid shift to virtual assessments. Virtual DMCAs offer patients and health care professionals distinct advantages over in-person delivery by improving reach, access, and timely provision of health care. However, questions have arisen as to whether DMCAs can be effectively conducted virtually.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the characteristics, barriers, and facilitators of conducting virtual DMCA during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an online survey among health care providers who perform DMCAs in Alberta from March 2022 to February 2023. The survey consisted of 25 questions on demographics, preferences, and experience in conducting DMCAs virtually, and risks and barriers to doing virtual DMCAs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 31 respondents with a mean age of 51.1 (SD 12.7) years. The respondents consisted of physicians (45.2%, 14/31), occupational therapists (29%, 9/31), and social workers (16.1%, 5/31), with a majority (93.6%, 29/31) based in Edmonton. The mean number of years of experience conducting DMCAs was 12.3 (SD 10.7), with a median of 8 DMCAs (IQR 18.5) conducted per year. Most respondents conduct capacity interviews, with a majority (55.2%, 16/29) being associated primarily with acute care services. Furthermore, 54.8% (17/31) were interested in conducting DMCAs virtually; however, only 25.8% (8/31) had administered DMCAs virtually. Barriers and facilitators to virtual DMCAs relate to patients' characteristics and environment (such as communication difficulties, hearing or visual impairment, language barriers, ease of use of technology, or cognitive impairment), technology and technical support (need for technical support in both the client's and assessor's sides, the unreliability of internet connection in rural settings, and the availability of high-fidelity equipment), and assessors' ability to perform DMCA's virtually (ability to observe body language, interact with the client physically when needed, and build rapport can all be affected when conducting a DMCA virtually). In terms of implications for clinical practice, it is recommended that the patient or caregiver be familiar with technology, have a stable internet connection, use a private room, not be recorded, use a standardized assessment template, and have a backup plan in case of technical difficulties.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conducting DMCAs virtually is a relatively infrequent undertaking. Barriers and facilitators to adequate assessment need to be addressed given that virtual assessments are time-saving
背景:随着老年人口的不断增长,痴呆症患者的数量预计也会增加。因此,需要进行决策能力评估(DMCA)的人数也将增加。COVID-19 大流行影响了我们为患者提供护理的方式,包括更迅速地转向虚拟评估的 DMCA。与面对面服务相比,虚拟决策能力评估为患者和医疗保健专业人员提供了明显的优势,可以提高医疗保健服务的覆盖面、可及性和及时性。然而,人们对虚拟医疗评估是否能有效进行产生了疑问:本研究旨在确定在 COVID-19 大流行期间开展虚拟 DMCA 的特点、障碍和促进因素:我们在 2022 年 3 月至 2023 年 2 月期间对艾伯塔省执行 DMCA 的医疗服务提供者进行了在线调查。调查包括 25 个问题,涉及人口统计学、偏好、虚拟进行 DMCA 的经验以及进行虚拟 DMCA 的风险和障碍。数据采用描述性统计进行分析:共有 31 位受访者,平均年龄为 51.1 岁(标准差为 12.7 岁)。受访者包括医生(45.2%,14/31)、职业治疗师(29%,9/31)和社会工作者(16.1%,5/31),大多数(93.6%,29/31)居住在埃德蒙顿。受访者进行能力评估的平均年限为 12.3 年(标准差 10.7),中位数为每年 8 次(IQR 18.5)。大多数受访者从事能力访谈,其中大多数(55.2%,16/29)主要与急症护理服务相关。此外,54.8%(17/31)的受访者有兴趣通过虚拟方式实施 DMCA,但只有 25.8%(8/31)的受访者通过虚拟方式实施过 DMCA。虚拟医疗质量控制评估的障碍和促进因素与患者的特征和环境(如沟通困难、听力或视力障碍、语言障碍、技术使用的难易程度或认知障碍)、技术和技术支持(客户和评估者双方都需要技术支持、在农村地区,互联网连接的不稳定性,以及高保真设备的可用性),以及评估员虚拟进行 DMCA 的能力(在虚拟进行 DMCA 时,观察肢体语言、必要时与客户进行身体互动以及建立融洽关系的能力都会受到影响)。就对临床实践的影响而言,建议患者或护理人员熟悉技术、有稳定的网络连接、使用私人房间、不被录音、使用标准化评估模板,以及在出现技术困难时有备份计划:通过虚拟方式进行 DMCA 的情况相对较少。鉴于虚拟评估可以节省时间并扩大评估范围,因此需要解决充分评估的障碍和促进因素。
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引用次数: 0
Short-Form Video Informed Consent Compared With Written Consent for Adolescents and Young Adults: Randomized Experiment. 短式视频知情同意书与青少年书面同意书的比较:随机实验。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.2196/57747
Aliyyat Afolabi, Elaine Cheung, Joanne Chen Lyu, Pamela M Ling
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescents and young adults have the highest prevalence of e-cigarette use ("vaping"), but they are difficult to enroll in health research studies. Previous studies have found that video consent can improve comprehension and make informed consent procedures more accessible, but the videos in previous studies are much longer than videos on contemporary social media platforms that are popular among young people.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a short-form (90-second) video consent compared with a standard written consent for a vaping cessation study for adolescents and young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a web-based experiment with 435 adolescents and young adults (aged 13-24 years) recruited by a web-based survey research provider. Each participant was randomly assigned to view either a short-form video consent or a written consent form describing a behavioral study of a social media-based vaping cessation program. Participants completed a postexposure survey measuring three outcomes: (1) comprehension of the consent information, (2) satisfaction with the consent process, and (3) willingness to participate in the described study. Independent sample 2-tailed t tests and chi-square tests were conducted to compare the outcomes between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 435 cases comprised the final analytic sample (video: n=215, 49.4%; written: n=220, 50.6%). There was no significant difference in characteristics between the 2 groups (all P>.05). Participants who watched the short-form video completed the consent review and postconsent survey process in less time (average 4.5 minutes) than those in the written consent group (5.1 minutes). A total of 83.2% (179/215) of the participants in the video consent condition reported satisfaction with the overall consent process compared with 76.3% (168/220) in the written consent condition (P=.047). There was no difference in the ability to complete consent unassisted and satisfaction with the amount of time between study conditions. There was no difference in the composite measure of overall comprehension, although in individual measures, participants who watched the short-form video consent performed better in 4 measures of comprehension about risk, privacy, and procedures, while participants who read the written document consent had better comprehension of 2 measures of study procedures. There was no difference between the groups in willingness to participate in the described study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-form informed consent videos had similar comprehension and satisfaction with the consent procedure among adolescents and young adults. Short-form informed consent videos may be a feasible and acceptable alternative to the standard written consent process, although video and written consent forms have different strengths with respect to comprehension. Because t
背景:青少年和年轻人使用电子烟("vaping")的比例最高,但他们很难被纳入健康调查研究。以往的研究发现,视频同意书可以提高理解能力,并使知情同意程序更容易被接受,但以往研究中的视频要比在年轻人中流行的当代社交媒体平台上的视频长很多:本研究的目的是,在一项针对青少年和年轻人的停止吸烟研究中,与标准的书面同意书相比,研究短式(90 秒)视频同意书的有效性:我们对一家网络调查研究提供商招募的 435 名青少年和年轻人(13-24 岁)进行了一次网络实验。每名参与者都被随机分配到观看简短的视频同意书或书面同意书,同意书中描述了一项基于社交媒体的戒烟计划行为研究。参与者在观看后完成了一项调查,该调查测量了三个结果:(1) 对同意书信息的理解,(2) 对同意书过程的满意度,以及 (3) 参与所述研究的意愿。对两组结果进行了独立样本双尾 t 检验和卡方检验:最终分析样本中共有 435 个病例(视频:215 个,占 49.4%;书面:220 个,占 50.6%)。两组参与者的特征无明显差异(P>0.05)。与书面同意组(5.1 分钟)相比,观看短片的参与者完成同意审查和同意后调查过程的时间更短(平均 4.5 分钟)。视频同意组中有 83.2%(179/215)的参与者对整个同意过程表示满意,而书面同意组中有 76.3%(168/220)的参与者对整个同意过程表示满意(P=0.047)。在无人协助的情况下完成同意书的能力和对时间的满意度方面,研究条件之间没有差异。虽然在单项测量中,观看短片同意书的参与者在有关风险、隐私和程序的 4 项测量中表现更好,而阅读书面同意书的参与者在有关研究程序的 2 项测量中表现更好,但在总体理解能力的综合测量中没有差异。两组在参与所述研究的意愿方面没有差异:结论:简短的知情同意视频在青少年和年轻人中的理解度和对同意程序的满意度相似。尽管视频和书面同意书在理解方面有不同的优势,但短式知情同意视频可能是标准书面同意程序的一种可行且可接受的替代方式。由于短片符合年轻人的媒体消费方式,因此可能特别适合参与研究的青少年和年轻人。
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引用次数: 0
Embedding Technology-Assisted Parenting Interventions in Real-World Settings to Empower Parents of Children With Adverse Childhood Experiences: Co-Design Study. 在真实世界环境中嵌入技术辅助育儿干预措施,以增强有不良童年经历儿童的家长的能力:共同设计研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.2196/55639
Grace Aldridge, Ling Wu, Joshua Paolo Seguin, Jennifer Robinson, Elizabeth Battaglia, Patrick Olivier, Marie B H Yap

Background: Adverse childhood experiences are strongly associated with mental disorders in young people. Parenting interventions are available through community health settings and can intervene with adverse childhood experiences that are within a parent's capacity to modify. Technology can minimize common barriers associated with engaging in face-to-face parenting interventions. However, families experiencing adversity face unique barriers to engaging with technology-assisted parenting interventions. Formative research using co-design methodology to provide a deep contextual understanding of these barriers can help overcome unique barriers and ensure these families can capitalize on the benefits of technology-assisted parenting interventions.

Objective: This study aims to innovate the parenting support delivered by a community health and social service with technology by adapting an existing, evidence-based, technology-assisted parenting intervention.

Methods: Staff (n=3) participated in dialogues (n=2) and co-design workshops (n=8) exploring needs and preferences for a technology-assisted parenting intervention and iteratively developing a prototype intervention (Parenting Resilient Kids [PaRK]-Lite). Parents (n=3) received PaRK-Lite and participated in qualitative interviews to provide feedback on their experience and PaRK-Lite's design.

Results: PaRK-Lite's hybrid design leverages simple and familiar modes of technology (podcasts) to deliver intervention content and embeds reflective practice into service provision (microcoaching) to enhance parents' empowerment and reduce service dependency. A training session, manuals, session plans, and templates were also developed to support the delivery of microcoaching. Feedback data from parents overall indicated that PaRK-Lite met their needs, suggesting that service providers can play a key role in the early phases of service innovation for parents.

Conclusions: The co-designed technology-assisted parenting intervention aims to offer both parents and clinicians a novel and engaging resource for intervening with maladaptive parenting, contributing to efforts to respond to childhood adversity and improve child mental health. Future research in the field of human-computer interaction and health service design can consider our findings in creating engaging interventions that have a positive impact on the well-being of children and families.

背景:童年的不良经历与青少年的精神障碍密切相关。亲职教育干预可通过社区卫生机构进行,并能对父母有能力改变的童年不良经历进行干预。技术可以最大限度地减少与面对面进行亲职干预相关的常见障碍。然而,经历逆境的家庭在参与技术辅助的亲职干预时面临着独特的障碍。使用共同设计方法进行形成性研究,深入了解这些障碍的背景,有助于克服独特的障碍,确保这些家庭能够利用技术辅助养育干预的益处:本研究旨在通过对现有的、以证据为基础的、技术辅助型育儿干预措施进行调整,利用技术对社区卫生和社会服务机构提供的育儿支持进行创新:工作人员(人数=3)参加了对话(人数=2)和共同设计研讨会(人数=8),探讨技术辅助育儿干预的需求和偏好,并反复开发干预原型(Parenting Resilient Kids [PaRK]-Lite)。家长(3 人)接受了 PaRK-Lite,并参加了定性访谈,就他们的体验和 PaRK-Lite 的设计提供反馈意见:PaRK-Lite的混合设计利用简单而熟悉的技术模式(播客)来提供干预内容,并将反思性实践嵌入到服务提供中(微辅导),以增强家长的能力并减少对服务的依赖。此外,还开发了培训课程、手册、课程计划和模板,以支持微辅导的实施。来自家长的反馈数据总体表明,PaRK-Lite 满足了他们的需求,这表明服务提供者可以在家长服务创新的早期阶段发挥关键作用:结论:共同设计的技术辅助育儿干预旨在为家长和临床医生提供一种新颖、吸引人的资源,用于干预不适应性育儿,为应对儿童逆境和改善儿童心理健康做出贡献。未来在人机交互和健康服务设计领域的研究可以参考我们的研究成果,创造出对儿童和家庭福祉有积极影响的参与性干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Web-Based Platform for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Platform Development Study. 中医药系统综述和荟萃分析网络平台:平台开发研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.2196/49328
Weiqiang Zhou, Dongliang Liu, Zhaoxu Yi, Yang Lei, Zhenming Zhang, Yu Deng, Ying Tan
<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are many problems associated with systematic reviews of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as considering "integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine" or treatment methods as intervention measures without considering the differences in drug use, disregarding dosage and courses of treatment, disregarding interindividual differences in control groups, etc. Classifying a large number of heterogeneous intervention measures into the same measure is easy but results in inaccurate results. In April 2023, Cochrane launched RevMan Web to digitalize systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We believe that this web-based working model helps solve the abovementioned problems.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to (1) develop a web-based platform that is more suitable for systematic review and meta-analysis of TCM and (2) explore the characteristics and future development directions of this work through the testing of digital workflow.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed TCMeta (Traditional Chinese Medicine Meta-analysis)-a platform focused on systematic reviews of TCM types. All systematic review-related work can be completed on the web, including creating topics, writing protocols, arranging personnel, obtaining literature, screening literature, inputting and analyzing data, and designing illustrations. The platform was developed using the latest internet technology and can be continuously modified and updated based on user feedback. When screening the literature on the platform, in addition to the traditional manual screening mode, the platform also creatively provides a query mode where users input keywords and click on Search to find literature with the same characteristics; this better reflects the objectivity of the screening with higher efficiency. Productivity can be improved by analyzing data and generating graphs digitally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We used some test data in TCMeta to simulate data processing in a systematic review. In the literature screening stage, researchers could rapidly screen 19 sources of literature from among multiple sources with the manual screening mode. This traditional method could result in bias due to differences in the researchers' cognitive levels. The query mode is much more complex and involves inputting of data regarding drug compatibility, dosage, syndrome type, etc; different query methods can yield very different results, thus increasing the stringency of screening. We integrated data analysis tools on the platform and used third-party software to generate graphs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TCMeta has shown great potential in improving the quality of systematic reviews of TCM types in simulation tests. Several indicators show that this web-based mode of working is superior to the traditional way. Future research is required to focus on validating and refining the performance of TCMeta, emphasizing the ability to handle c
背景:传统中医药(TCM)的系统综述存在许多问题,如将 "中西医结合 "或治疗方法视为干预措施而不考虑用药差异、忽视剂量和疗程、忽视对照组的个体差异等。将大量异质性的干预措施归为同一措施虽然容易,但结果却不准确。2023 年 4 月,Cochrane 推出 RevMan Web,将系统综述和荟萃分析数字化。我们认为,这种基于网络的工作模式有助于解决上述问题:本研究旨在:(1)开发一个更适合中医药系统综述和荟萃分析的网络平台;(2)通过数字化工作流程的测试,探索这项工作的特点和未来发展方向:我们开发了 TCMeta(中药荟萃分析)--一个专注于中药类型系统综述的平台。所有与系统综述相关的工作都可以在网络上完成,包括创建主题、编写方案、安排人员、获取文献、筛选文献、输入和分析数据、设计插图等。该平台采用最新的互联网技术开发,可根据用户反馈不断修改和更新。在平台上筛选文献时,除了传统的人工筛选模式外,平台还创造性地提供了查询模式,用户输入关键词,点击 "搜索 "即可找到具有相同特征的文献,更能体现筛选的客观性,效率更高。通过数字化分析数据和生成图表,可以提高工作效率:我们使用 TCMeta 中的一些测试数据来模拟系统综述中的数据处理。在文献筛选阶段,研究人员可以通过手动筛选模式从多个来源中快速筛选出 19 个文献来源。这种传统方法可能会因研究人员认知水平的差异而产生偏差。而查询模式则复杂得多,需要输入药物兼容性、剂量、综合征类型等数据;不同的查询方法会得出截然不同的结果,从而增加了筛选的严格程度。我们在平台上集成了数据分析工具,并使用第三方软件生成图表:TCMeta 在提高模拟试验中药类型系统综述的质量方面显示出巨大潜力。多项指标显示,这种基于网络的工作模式优于传统方式。未来的研究需要重点验证和完善 TCMeta 的性能,强调其处理复杂数据的能力。该系统具有良好的可扩展性和适应性,有可能对循证医学领域产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Willingness to Be Contacted via a Patient Portal for Health Screening, Research Recruitment, and at-Home Self-Test Kits for Health Monitoring: Pilot Quantitative Survey. 是否愿意通过患者门户网站接受健康筛查、研究招募以及用于健康监测的居家自我检测试剂盒:试点定量调查。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.2196/59837
Elizabeth Lockhart, Jordan Gootee, Leah Copeland, DeAnne Turner
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient portals are being increasingly used by health systems in the United States. Although some patients use portals for clinical use, patient perspectives on using portals for research-related activities, to complete health screenings, and to request at-home self-test kits are unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to understand patient perspectives on using electronic health portals for research; health-related screenings; and patient-initiated, home-based self-testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients (N=105) from the Patient Engaged Research Center at a large, urban, midwestern health system completed a 23-item web-based survey on patient portal (MyChart) use and willingness to use the patient portal for research, risk assessments, and self-test kits. Frequencies and percentages were generated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost all participants (102/105, 97.1%) had accessed MyChart at least once, with most (44/102, 43.1%) indicating they logged in at least once per month. Participants indicated logging into MyChart to check laboratory results or other health data (89/105, 84.8%), because they received a message to log in (85/105, 81%), and to message their health care professional (83/105, 79%). Fewer participants logged in to see what medications they had been prescribed (16/105, 15.2%) and to learn more about their health conditions (29/105, 27.6%). Most participants indicated logging into MyChart on a computer via a website (70/105, 66.7%) or on a smartphone via an app (54/105, 51.4%). When asked about how likely they would be to participate in different types of research if contacted via MyChart, most (90/105, 85.7%) said they would be likely to answer a survey, fill out a health assessment (87/105, 82.9%), or watch a video (86/105, 81.9%). Finally, participants would be willing to answer risk assessment questions on MyChart regarding sleep (74/101, 73.3%), stress (65/105, 61.9%), diabetes (60/105, 57.1%), anxiety (59/105, 56.2%), and depression (54/105, 51.4%) and would be interested in receiving an at-home self-test kit for COVID-19 (66/105, 62.9%), cholesterol (63/105, 60%), colon cancer (62/105, 59%), and allergies (56/105, 53.3%). There were no significant demographic differences for any results (all P values were >.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patient portals may be used for research recruitment; sending research-related information; and engaging patients to answer risk assessments, read about health information, and complete other clinical tasks. The lack of significant findings based on race and gender suggests that patient portals may be acceptable tools for recruiting research participants and conducting research. Allowing patients to request self-test kits and complete risk assessments in portals may help patients to take agency over their health care. Future research should examine if patient portal recruitment may help address persistent biases in clinica
背景:美国的医疗系统越来越多地使用患者门户网站。尽管一些患者使用门户网站进行临床治疗,但患者对使用门户网站进行研究相关活动、完成健康筛查以及申请家庭自我检测试剂盒的看法尚不明确:我们旨在了解患者对使用电子健康门户网站进行研究、健康相关筛查以及由患者发起的家庭自我检测的看法:来自一家大型中西部城市医疗系统患者参与研究中心的患者(人数=105)完成了一项包含 23 个项目的网络调查,内容涉及患者门户网站(MyChart)的使用情况以及使用患者门户网站进行研究、风险评估和自我检测包的意愿。调查结果显示了频率和百分比:几乎所有参与者(102/105,97.1%)都至少访问过一次 MyChart,其中大多数人(44/102,43.1%)表示每月至少登录一次。参与者表示登录 "我的医疗图表 "是为了查看化验结果或其他健康数据(89/105,84.8%),因为他们收到了登录信息(85/105,81%),以及给医护人员留言(83/105,79%)。为查看处方药物(16/105,15.2%)和了解更多健康状况(29/105,27.6%)而登录的参与者较少。大多数参与者表示是在电脑上通过网站登录 MyChart(70/105,66.7%)或在智能手机上通过应用程序登录 MyChart(54/105,51.4%)。当被问及如果通过 MyChart 与他们联系,他们有多大可能参与不同类型的研究时,大多数人(90/105,85.7%)表示他们有可能回答调查问卷、填写健康评估(87/105,82.9%)或观看视频(86/105,81.9%)。最后,参与者愿意在 MyChart 上回答有关睡眠(74/101,73.3%)、压力(65/105,61.9%)、糖尿病(60/105,57.1%)、焦虑(59/105,56.2%)和抑郁症(54/105,51.4%),并有兴趣接受 COVID-19 (66/105,62.9%)、胆固醇(63/105,60%)、结肠癌(62/105,59%)和过敏症(56/105,53.3%)的居家自测包。所有结果均无明显的人口统计学差异(所有 P 值均大于 0.05):结论:患者门户网站可用于研究招募、发送研究相关信息、吸引患者回答风险评估、阅读健康信息和完成其他临床任务。基于种族和性别的研究结果并不明显,这表明患者门户网站可能是招募研究参与者和开展研究的可接受工具。允许患者在门户网站上申请自我检测试剂盒和完成风险评估可能有助于患者掌握自己的医疗保健。未来的研究应探讨患者门户网站的招募是否有助于解决临床试验招募中持续存在的偏见,以增加妇女和少数种族群体的参与人数。
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引用次数: 0
Population Characteristics in Justice Health Research Based on PubMed Abstracts From 1963 to 2023: Text Mining Study. 基于 1963 年至 2023 年 PubMed 摘要的司法健康研究人口特征:文本挖掘研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.2196/60878
Wilson Lukmanjaya, Tony Butler, Patricia Taflan, Paul Simpson, Natasha Ginnivan, Iain Buchan, Goran Nenadic, George Karystianis

Background: The field of epidemiological criminology (or justice health research) has emerged in the past decade, studying the intersection between the public health and justice systems. To ensure research efforts are focused and equitable, it is important to reflect on the outputs in this area and address knowledge gaps.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the characteristics of populations researched in a large sample of published outputs and identify research gaps and biases.

Methods: A rule-based, text mining method was applied to 34,481 PubMed abstracts published from 1963 to 2023 to identify 4 population characteristics (sex, age, offender type, and nationality).

Results: We evaluated our method in a random sample of 100 PubMed abstracts. Microprecision was 94.3%, with microrecall at 85.9% and micro-F1-score at 89.9% across the 4 characteristics. Half (n=17,039, 49.4%) of the 34,481 abstracts did not have any characteristic mentions and only 1.3% (n=443) reported sex, age, offender type, and nationality. From the 5170 (14.9%) abstracts that reported age, 3581 (69.3%) mentioned young people (younger than 18 years) and 3037 (58.7%) mentioned adults. Since 1990, studies reporting female-only populations increased, and in 2023, these accounted for almost half (105/216, 48.6%) of the research outputs, as opposed to 33.3% (72/216) for male-only populations. Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark) had the highest number of abstracts proportional to their incarcerated populations. Offenders with mental illness were the most common group of interest (840/4814, 17.4%), with an increase from 1990 onward.

Conclusions: Research reporting on female populations increased, surpassing that involving male individuals, despite female individuals representing 5% of the incarcerated population; this suggests that male prisoners are underresearched. Although calls have been made for the justice health area to focus more on young people, our results showed that among the abstracts reporting age, most mentioned a population aged <18 years, reflecting a rise of youth involvement in the youth justice system. Those convicted of sex offenses and crimes relating to children were not as researched as the existing literature suggests, with a focus instead on populations with mental illness, whose rates rose steadily in the last 30 years. After adjusting for the size of the incarcerated population, Nordic countries have conducted proportionately the most research. Our findings highlight that despite the presence of several research reporting guidelines, justice health abstracts still do not adequately describe the investigated populations. Our study offers new insights in the field of justice health with implications for promoting diversity in the selection of research participants.

背景:流行病犯罪学(或司法健康研究)领域是在过去十年中兴起的,研究公共卫生和司法系统之间的交叉问题。为确保研究工作重点突出、公平公正,对该领域的成果进行反思并弥补知识差距非常重要:本研究旨在考察大量已发表成果样本中被研究人群的特征,并找出研究差距和偏差:方法:对 1963 年至 2023 年发表的 34,481 篇 PubMed 摘要采用基于规则的文本挖掘方法,以识别 4 种人群特征(性别、年龄、罪犯类型和国籍):我们在随机抽样的 100 篇 PubMed 摘要中评估了我们的方法。在 4 个特征中,微观精确度为 94.3%,微观召回率为 85.9%,微观 F1 分数为 89.9%。34,481 篇摘要中有一半(n=17,039,49.4%)没有提及任何特征,只有 1.3%(n=443)报告了性别、年龄、罪犯类型和国籍。在 5170 份(14.9%)报告年龄的摘要中,3581 份(69.3%)提到了年轻人(18 岁以下),3037 份(58.7%)提到了成年人。自 1990 年以来,报告纯女性人群的研究有所增加,到 2023 年,这些研究几乎占研究成果的一半(105/216,48.6%),而纯男性人群的研究成果仅占 33.3%(72/216)。北欧国家(瑞典、挪威、芬兰和丹麦)的论文摘要数量与监禁人口数量成正比。患有精神疾病的罪犯是最常见的关注群体(840/4814,17.4%),从 1990 年开始有所增加:结论:尽管女性占被监禁人口的 5%,但有关女性人口的研究报告有所增加,超过了涉及男性的研究报告;这表明对男性囚犯的研究不足。尽管有人呼吁司法健康领域应更多地关注年轻人,但我们的研究结果显示,在报告年龄的摘要中,大多数都提到了年龄在 35 岁以下的人群。
{"title":"Population Characteristics in Justice Health Research Based on PubMed Abstracts From 1963 to 2023: Text Mining Study.","authors":"Wilson Lukmanjaya, Tony Butler, Patricia Taflan, Paul Simpson, Natasha Ginnivan, Iain Buchan, Goran Nenadic, George Karystianis","doi":"10.2196/60878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/60878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The field of epidemiological criminology (or justice health research) has emerged in the past decade, studying the intersection between the public health and justice systems. To ensure research efforts are focused and equitable, it is important to reflect on the outputs in this area and address knowledge gaps.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the characteristics of populations researched in a large sample of published outputs and identify research gaps and biases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rule-based, text mining method was applied to 34,481 PubMed abstracts published from 1963 to 2023 to identify 4 population characteristics (sex, age, offender type, and nationality).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated our method in a random sample of 100 PubMed abstracts. Microprecision was 94.3%, with microrecall at 85.9% and micro-F<sub>1</sub>-score at 89.9% across the 4 characteristics. Half (n=17,039, 49.4%) of the 34,481 abstracts did not have any characteristic mentions and only 1.3% (n=443) reported sex, age, offender type, and nationality. From the 5170 (14.9%) abstracts that reported age, 3581 (69.3%) mentioned young people (younger than 18 years) and 3037 (58.7%) mentioned adults. Since 1990, studies reporting female-only populations increased, and in 2023, these accounted for almost half (105/216, 48.6%) of the research outputs, as opposed to 33.3% (72/216) for male-only populations. Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark) had the highest number of abstracts proportional to their incarcerated populations. Offenders with mental illness were the most common group of interest (840/4814, 17.4%), with an increase from 1990 onward.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Research reporting on female populations increased, surpassing that involving male individuals, despite female individuals representing 5% of the incarcerated population; this suggests that male prisoners are underresearched. Although calls have been made for the justice health area to focus more on young people, our results showed that among the abstracts reporting age, most mentioned a population aged <18 years, reflecting a rise of youth involvement in the youth justice system. Those convicted of sex offenses and crimes relating to children were not as researched as the existing literature suggests, with a focus instead on populations with mental illness, whose rates rose steadily in the last 30 years. After adjusting for the size of the incarcerated population, Nordic countries have conducted proportionately the most research. Our findings highlight that despite the presence of several research reporting guidelines, justice health abstracts still do not adequately describe the investigated populations. Our study offers new insights in the field of justice health with implications for promoting diversity in the selection of research participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"e60878"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Presenting and Evaluating a Smartwatch-Based Intervention for Smoking Relapse (StopWatch): Feasibility and Acceptability Study. 介绍和评估基于智能手表的复吸干预措施(StopWatch):可行性和可接受性研究
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.2196/56999
Chris Stone, Rosie Essery, Joe Matthews, Felix Naughton, Marcus Munafo, Angela Attwood, Andy Skinner

Background: Despite the benefits of smoking cessation, maintaining abstinence during a quit attempt is difficult, and most attempts result in relapse. Innovative, evidence-based methods of preventing relapse are needed. We present a smartwatch-based relapse prevention system that uses passive detection of smoking to trigger just-in-time smoking cessation support.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of hosting just-in-time smoking cessation support on a smartwatch and the acceptability of the "StopWatch" intervention on this platform.

Methods: The person-based approach for intervention development was used to design the StopWatch smoking relapse prevention intervention. Intervention delivery was triggered by an algorithm identifying hand movements characteristic of smoking from the smartwatch's motion sensors, and the system-generated intervention messages (co-designed by smokers) were delivered on the smartwatch screen. A total of 18 smokers tested the intervention over a 2-week period, and at the end of this period, they provided qualitative feedback on the acceptability of both the intervention and the smartwatch platform.

Results: Participants reported that the smartwatch intervention increased their awareness of smoking and motivated them to quit. System-generated intervention messages were generally felt to be relevant and timely. There were some challenges with battery life that had implications for intervention adherence, and the bulkiness of the device and the notification style reduced some participants' acceptability of the smartwatch platform.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate our smoking relapse prevention intervention and the use of a smartwatch as a platform to host a just-in-time behavior change intervention are both feasible and acceptable to most (12/18, 66%) participants as a relapse prevention intervention, but we identify some concerns around the physical limitations of the smartwatch device. In particular, the bulkiness of the device and the battery capacity present risks to adherence to the intervention and the potential for missed detections. We recommend that a longer-term efficacy trial be carried out as the next step.

背景:尽管戒烟有很多好处,但在尝试戒烟期间保持戒烟是很困难的,大多数尝试戒烟的结果都是复吸。我们需要创新的、以证据为基础的预防复吸方法。我们介绍了一种基于智能手表的预防复吸系统,该系统利用被动检测吸烟来触发及时的戒烟支持:本研究旨在评估在智能手表上提供及时戒烟支持的可行性,以及 "StopWatch "干预在该平台上的可接受性:方法:采用以人为本的干预开发方法设计了 "StopWatch "预防复吸干预。通过智能手表运动传感器识别吸烟者手部动作特征的算法触发干预措施,系统生成的干预信息(由吸烟者共同设计)在智能手表屏幕上发布。共有18名吸烟者在两周内对干预措施进行了测试,测试结束后,他们就干预措施和智能手表平台的可接受性提供了定性反馈:结果:参与者表示,智能手表干预提高了他们对吸烟的认识,并激发了他们的戒烟动机。人们普遍认为系统生成的干预信息具有相关性和及时性。在电池续航方面存在一些问题,影响了干预的坚持性,设备的笨重和通知方式降低了一些参与者对智能手表平台的接受度:我们的研究结果表明,我们的预防复吸干预和使用智能手表作为平台来进行及时行为改变干预是可行的,大多数参与者(12/18,66%)都能接受这种预防复吸干预,但我们也发现了智能手表设备的一些物理限制。特别是,该设备的体积和电池容量给坚持干预带来了风险,并有可能造成漏检。我们建议下一步应进行更长期的疗效试验。
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引用次数: 0
Web-Based Intervention Using Self-Compassionate Writing to Induce Positive Mood in Family Caregivers of Older Adults: Quantitative Study. 基于网络的干预措施,使用自我同情写作来激发老年人家庭照顾者的积极情绪:定量研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.2196/52883
Farah Wiita, Aileen K Ho, Netta Weinstein

Background: Caregiver burden can impact the mental health of family caregivers, but self-compassion may help reduce this impact. Brief self-compassion interventions have been shown to be useful but have not been tested in family caregivers of older adults.

Objective: This study aimed to test the effects of a brief self-compassion intervention and its components (self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) on mental well-being and mood when reflecting on difficult family caregiving experiences.

Methods: British caregivers were recruited through a web-based panel. Three experimental studies manipulated the self-compassion intervention. In study 1 (n=206) and study 2 (n=224), participants wrote about a difficult caregiving experience while focusing on 1 self-compassion component (self-kindness, common humanity, or mindfulness). In study 3 (n=222) participants focused on all components. Self-compassion, serenity, guilt, and sadness were measured.

Results: In studies 1 and 2, condition effects showed mindfulness unexpectedly lowered mood. Inconsistent and modest benefits to affect were achieved by engagement in self-kindness and common humanity in study 1 (guilt [lowered]: P=.02 and sadness [lowered]: P=.04; serenity [nonsignificantly raised]: P=.20) and also in study 2 (sadness [nonsignificantly lowered]: P=.23 and guilt [nonsignificantly lowered]: P=.26; serenity [raised]: P=.33); significant benefits for self-compassion and mood were found in study 3 (serenity [raised]: P=.01, kindness [raised]: P=.003, and common humanity [raised]: P≤.001; guilt [lowered]: P<.001 and sadness [lowered]: P≤.001). More intensive efforts should be made to promote self-compassion in caregivers of older adults, with caution advised when relying primarily on mindfulness approaches.

Conclusions: Self-compassionate writing may be beneficial for family caregivers, but more intensive interventions are needed. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and content for achieving the greatest effects.

背景:照顾者的负担会影响家庭照顾者的心理健康,但自我同情可能有助于减少这种影响。简短的自我同情干预已被证明是有用的,但尚未在老年人的家庭照顾者中进行过测试:本研究旨在测试简短的自我同情干预及其组成部分(自我亲切感、共同人性和正念)在反思艰难的家庭照顾经历时对心理健康和情绪的影响:方法:通过网络小组招募英国护理人员。三项实验研究对自我同情干预进行了操作。在研究 1(人数为 206 人)和研究 2(人数为 224 人)中,参与者写下了一段艰难的照顾家庭经历,同时专注于一种自我同情成分(自我仁慈、普通人性或正念)。在研究 3(人数=222)中,参与者关注所有组成部分。对自我同情、宁静、内疚和悲伤进行了测量:在研究 1 和研究 2 中,条件效应显示正念意外地降低了情绪。在研究 1 中,自我仁慈和普通人性的参与对情绪产生了不一致且适度的益处(内疚感[降低],P=.02;悲伤感[降低],P=.02):P=.02 和悲伤[降低]:P=.04;宁静[无显著提高]:P=.20),以及在研究 2 中(悲伤[非显著降低]:P=.23;内疚[非显著提高]:P=.20):P=.23;内疚[非显著降低]:P=.26;宁静[非显著提高]:P=.20P=.26;宁静[提高]:P=.33);研究 3 发现自我同情和情绪有显著益处(宁静[提高]:P=.01;善良[提高]:P=.01):P=.01;仁慈[提高]:P=.003P=.003,共同人性[提高]:P≤.001;内疚感[降低]:结论自我同情写作可能对家庭照顾者有益,但还需要更深入的干预。还需要进一步的研究来确定达到最佳效果的最佳剂量和内容。
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引用次数: 0
Engagement and Acceptability of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Daily Life in Early Psychosis: Secondary Findings From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. 接受与承诺疗法在早期精神病患者日常生活中的参与度和可接受性:多中心随机对照试验的二次研究结果。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.2196/57109
Evelyne van Aubel, Thomas Vaessen, Lotte Uyttebroek, Henrietta Steinhart, Annelie Beijer-Klippel, Tim Batink, Ruud van Winkel, Lieuwe de Haan, Mark van der Gaag, Thérèse van Amelsvoort, Machteld Marcelis, Frederike Schirmbeck, Ulrich Reininghaus, Inez Myin-Germeys

Background: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is promising in the treatment of early psychosis. Augmenting face-to-face ACT with mobile health ecological momentary interventions may increase its treatment effects and empower clients to take treatment into their own hands.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate and predict treatment engagement with and acceptability of acceptance and commitment therapy in daily life (ACT-DL), a novel ecological momentary intervention for people with an ultrahigh risk state and a first episode of psychosis.

Methods: In the multicenter randomized controlled trial, 148 individuals with ultrahigh risk or first-episode psychosis aged 15-65 years were randomized to treatment as usual only (control) or to ACT-DL combined with treatment as usual (experimental), consisting of 8 face-to-face sessions augmented with an ACT-based smartphone app, delivering ACT skills and techniques in daily life. For individuals in the intervention arm, we collected data on treatment engagement with and acceptability of ACT-DL during and after the intervention. Predictors of treatment engagement and acceptability included baseline demographic, clinical, and functional outcomes.

Results: Participants who received ACT-DL in addition to treatment as usual (n=71) completed a mean of 6 (SD 3) sessions, with 59% (n=42) of participants completing all sessions. App engagement data (n=58) shows that, on a weekly basis, participants used the app 13 times and were compliant with 6 of 24 (25%) notifications. Distribution plots of debriefing scores (n=46) show that 85%-96% of participants reported usefulness on all acceptability items to at least some extent (scores ≥2; 1=no usefulness) and that 91% (n=42) of participants reported perceived burden by number and length of notifications (scores ≥2; 1=no burden). Multiple linear regression models were fitted to predict treatment engagement and acceptability. Ethnic minority backgrounds predicted lower notification response compliance (B=-4.37; P=.01), yet higher app usefulness (B=1.25; P=.049). Negative (B=-0.26; P=.01) and affective (B=0.14; P=.04) symptom severity predicted lower and higher ACT training usefulness, respectively. Being female (B=-1.03; P=.005) predicted lower usefulness of the ACT metaphor images on the app.

Conclusions: Our results corroborate good treatment engagement with and acceptability of ACT-DL in early psychosis. We provide recommendations for future intervention optimization.

Trial registration: OMON NL46439.068.13; https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/24803.

背景:接受与承诺疗法(ACT)在治疗早期精神病方面很有前景。用移动健康生态瞬间干预来增强面对面的 ACT 可能会提高其治疗效果,并使患者有能力将治疗掌握在自己手中:本研究旨在调查和预测日常生活中的接受与承诺疗法(ACT-DL)的治疗参与度和可接受性:在这项多中心随机对照试验中,148 名年龄在 15-65 岁之间的超高危患者或首次发病的精神病患者被随机分配到仅接受常规治疗(对照组)或接受日常生活中的接纳与承诺疗法(ACT-DL)与常规治疗相结合的干预组(实验组),干预组包括 8 次面对面的治疗,并使用基于接纳与承诺疗法的智能手机应用程序,在日常生活中传授接纳与承诺疗法的技能和技巧。对于干预组的患者,我们收集了他们在干预期间和干预后对 ACT-DL 的治疗参与度和接受度的数据。治疗参与度和接受度的预测因素包括基线人口统计学、临床和功能结果:结果:除了接受常规治疗外,接受 ACT-DL 的参与者(人数=71)平均完成了 6 次(标准差 3)疗程,其中 59% 的参与者(人数=42)完成了所有疗程。应用程序参与数据(n=58)显示,参与者每周使用应用程序 13 次,24 次通知中有 6 次(25%)符合要求。汇报得分分布图(人数=46)显示,85%-96%的参与者至少在一定程度上报告了所有可接受性项目的有用性(得分≥2;1=无用性),91%(人数=42)的参与者报告了通知数量和时间长度带来的负担(得分≥2;1=无负担)。多元线性回归模型用于预测治疗参与度和可接受性。少数民族背景预示着较低的通知响应依从性(B=-4.37;P=.01),但较高的应用程序有用性(B=1.25;P=.049)。阴性症状(B=-0.26;P=.01)和情感症状(B=0.14;P=.04)的严重程度分别预示着较低和较高的 ACT 培训有用性。女性(B=-1.03;P=.005)预示着应用程序上的ACT隐喻图像的有用性较低:我们的研究结果证实了早期精神病患者对 ACT-DL 的良好治疗参与度和接受度。我们为未来的干预优化提供了建议:OMON NL46439.068.13; https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/24803.
{"title":"Engagement and Acceptability of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Daily Life in Early Psychosis: Secondary Findings From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Evelyne van Aubel, Thomas Vaessen, Lotte Uyttebroek, Henrietta Steinhart, Annelie Beijer-Klippel, Tim Batink, Ruud van Winkel, Lieuwe de Haan, Mark van der Gaag, Thérèse van Amelsvoort, Machteld Marcelis, Frederike Schirmbeck, Ulrich Reininghaus, Inez Myin-Germeys","doi":"10.2196/57109","DOIUrl":"10.2196/57109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is promising in the treatment of early psychosis. Augmenting face-to-face ACT with mobile health ecological momentary interventions may increase its treatment effects and empower clients to take treatment into their own hands.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate and predict treatment engagement with and acceptability of acceptance and commitment therapy in daily life (ACT-DL), a novel ecological momentary intervention for people with an ultrahigh risk state and a first episode of psychosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the multicenter randomized controlled trial, 148 individuals with ultrahigh risk or first-episode psychosis aged 15-65 years were randomized to treatment as usual only (control) or to ACT-DL combined with treatment as usual (experimental), consisting of 8 face-to-face sessions augmented with an ACT-based smartphone app, delivering ACT skills and techniques in daily life. For individuals in the intervention arm, we collected data on treatment engagement with and acceptability of ACT-DL during and after the intervention. Predictors of treatment engagement and acceptability included baseline demographic, clinical, and functional outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants who received ACT-DL in addition to treatment as usual (n=71) completed a mean of 6 (SD 3) sessions, with 59% (n=42) of participants completing all sessions. App engagement data (n=58) shows that, on a weekly basis, participants used the app 13 times and were compliant with 6 of 24 (25%) notifications. Distribution plots of debriefing scores (n=46) show that 85%-96% of participants reported usefulness on all acceptability items to at least some extent (scores ≥2; 1=no usefulness) and that 91% (n=42) of participants reported perceived burden by number and length of notifications (scores ≥2; 1=no burden). Multiple linear regression models were fitted to predict treatment engagement and acceptability. Ethnic minority backgrounds predicted lower notification response compliance (B=-4.37; P=.01), yet higher app usefulness (B=1.25; P=.049). Negative (B=-0.26; P=.01) and affective (B=0.14; P=.04) symptom severity predicted lower and higher ACT training usefulness, respectively. Being female (B=-1.03; P=.005) predicted lower usefulness of the ACT metaphor images on the app.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results corroborate good treatment engagement with and acceptability of ACT-DL in early psychosis. We provide recommendations for future intervention optimization.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>OMON NL46439.068.13; https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/24803.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"e57109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing Digital Phenotyping for App Recommendations and Sustained Engagement: Cohort Study. 评估应用程序推荐和持续参与的数字表型:队列研究。
IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.2196/62725
Bridget Dwyer, Matthew Flathers, James Burns, Jane Mikkelson, Elana Perlmutter, Kelly Chen, Nanik Ram, John Torous

Background: Low engagement with mental health apps continues to limit their impact. New approaches to help match patients to the right app may increase engagement by ensuring the app they are using is best suited to their mental health needs.

Objective: This study aims to pilot how digital phenotyping, using data from smartphone sensors to infer symptom, behavioral, and functional outcomes, could be used to match people to mental health apps and potentially increase engagement.

Methods: After 1 week of collecting digital phenotyping data with the mindLAMP app (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center), participants were randomly assigned to the digital phenotyping arm, receiving feedback and recommendations based on those data to select 1 of 4 predetermined mental health apps (related to mood, anxiety, sleep, and fitness), or the control arm, selecting the same apps but without any feedback or recommendations. All participants used their selected app for 4 weeks with numerous metrics of engagement recorded, including objective screentime measures, self-reported engagement measures, and Digital Working Alliance Inventory scores.

Results: A total of 82 participants enrolled in the study; 17 (21%) dropped out of the digital phenotyping arm and 18 (22%) dropped out from the control arm. Across both groups, few participants chose or were recommended the insomnia or fitness app. The majority (39/47, 83%) used a depression or anxiety app. Engagement as measured by objective screen time and Digital Working Alliance Inventory scores were higher in the digital phenotyping arm. There was no correlation between self-reported and objective metrics of app use. Qualitative results highlighted the importance of habit formation in sustained app use.

Conclusions: The results suggest that digital phenotyping app recommendation is feasible and may increase engagement. This approach is generalizable to other apps beyond the 4 apps selected for use in this pilot, and practical for real-world use given that the study was conducted without any compensation or external incentives that may have biased results. Advances in digital phenotyping will likely make this method of app recommendation more personalized and thus of even greater interest.

背景:心理健康应用程序的低参与度继续限制其影响力。通过确保患者使用的应用程序最适合他们的心理健康需求,帮助患者匹配合适应用程序的新方法可能会提高参与度:本研究旨在试验如何利用智能手机传感器的数据来推断症状、行为和功能结果的数字表型,从而将患者与心理健康应用程序相匹配,并提高参与度:使用 mindLAMP 应用程序(贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心)收集数字表型数据 1 周后,参与者被随机分配到数字表型组,根据这些数据接受反馈和建议,从 4 个预先确定的心理健康应用程序(与情绪、焦虑、睡眠和健身有关)中选择一个;或分配到对照组,选择相同的应用程序,但不接受任何反馈或建议。所有参与者均使用所选应用程序 4 周,并记录了大量参与度指标,包括客观筛选时间测量、自我报告参与度测量和数字工作联盟量表得分:共有 82 名参与者参加了研究,其中 17 人(21%)退出了数字表型分析组,18 人(22%)退出了对照组。两组参与者中,很少有人选择或被推荐使用失眠或健身应用程序。大多数人(39/47,83%)使用了抑郁或焦虑应用程序。以客观屏幕时间和数字工作联盟量表得分衡量的参与度在数字表型组中更高。自我报告的应用程序使用指标与客观指标之间没有相关性。定性结果强调了习惯养成对持续使用应用程序的重要性:结论:研究结果表明,数字表型应用推荐是可行的,并且可以提高参与度。这种方法除了适用于本试验中选定的 4 款应用程序外,还适用于其他应用程序,而且在实际使用中也很实用,因为本研究是在没有任何补偿或外部激励的情况下进行的,而补偿或外部激励可能会使结果产生偏差。数字表型技术的进步可能会使这种应用推荐方法更加个性化,从而引起更大的兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
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