Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.3ms-2023-12-9
A. Yessendossova, Volodymyr Mykhailov, A. Maussymbayeva, Vassilii Portnov, Medet Mynbaev
Polymetallic deposits of lead and zinc are of great importance in the economy of the developed countries of the world. Kazakhstan is among the world leading countries in terms of reserves and production of lead and zinc. There are large ore regions with polymetallic mineralization; these are the deposits of the Atasu and Uspensky ore regions in Central Kazakhstan. The former are genetically related to the final (taphrogenic) phase of the development of the large orogenic structure in the Central Kazakhstan (the Devonian volcano-plutonic belt), with the period of Late Frasnian-Famenian-Early Carboniferous formations of thick carbonate and carbonate-terrigenous sediments, including significant reserves of stratiform lead-zinc ores. Polymetallic mineralization of the Uspensky zone is singled out as an independent genetic Alaygyr type, and the tectonic nature of the ore-bearing Uspensky zone, as well as mineralization of this type, is still the subject of constant discussions. In this regard, the comparative characteristics of the Dalnegorsky and Uspensky ore regions, which have certain similarities in geodynamics, magmatism and metallogeny, are of great importance not only for solving the issues of the general patterns of formation, factors and criteria for controlling lead-zinc mineralization but also for an objective assessment of the ore potential of these and similar areas with polymetallic mineralization. Research methods: comparative analysis of the results of petrographic, chemical and mineralogical studies of ores enclosing near-ore metasomatically altered rocks and intrusions of different age and composition.
{"title":"Features of the Geological Structure and Polymetallic Mineralization of the Uspensky (Central Kazakhstan) and Dalnegorsky (Far East) Ore Districts","authors":"A. Yessendossova, Volodymyr Mykhailov, A. Maussymbayeva, Vassilii Portnov, Medet Mynbaev","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.3ms-2023-12-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.3ms-2023-12-9","url":null,"abstract":"Polymetallic deposits of lead and zinc are of great importance in the economy of the developed countries of the world. Kazakhstan is among the world leading countries in terms of reserves and production of lead and zinc. There are large ore regions with polymetallic mineralization; these are the deposits of the Atasu and Uspensky ore regions in Central Kazakhstan. The former are genetically related to the final (taphrogenic) phase of the development of the large orogenic structure in the Central Kazakhstan (the Devonian volcano-plutonic belt), with the period of Late Frasnian-Famenian-Early Carboniferous formations of thick carbonate and carbonate-terrigenous sediments, including significant reserves of stratiform lead-zinc ores. Polymetallic mineralization of the Uspensky zone is singled out as an independent genetic Alaygyr type, and the tectonic nature of the ore-bearing Uspensky zone, as well as mineralization of this type, is still the subject of constant discussions. In this regard, the comparative characteristics of the Dalnegorsky and Uspensky ore regions, which have certain similarities in geodynamics, magmatism and metallogeny, are of great importance not only for solving the issues of the general patterns of formation, factors and criteria for controlling lead-zinc mineralization but also for an objective assessment of the ore potential of these and similar areas with polymetallic mineralization. Research methods: comparative analysis of the results of petrographic, chemical and mineralogical studies of ores enclosing near-ore metasomatically altered rocks and intrusions of different age and composition.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"114 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.6ms-2023-12-12
Ahmed H. M. Al-hamdany, B. Al-Tawash, Hassen Al-Jumaily
Human health and safety are significantly impacted by soil contamination. Finding the levels of heavy metals As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Pb, and Zn in surface soil in Al-Hawija, southwest Kirkuk, is the primary goal of the research. To measure the concentration of heavy metals and evaluate soil pollution using the Enrichment factor, Contamination Factor, and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), thirty samples were collected and subjected to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis. According to the results, anthropogenic sources in industrial areas have a highly polluted nickel mean of 169.33 ppm higher than the permissible limits (WHO). The mean EF values of heavy metals in all samples decrease in order from Pb > Ni > As > Zn > Cd > Cu > Co > Hg > Cr. The mean values of the Contamination Factor for heavy metals in all samples increased in the order of Cr < V< Hg< Co< Cu< Zn< Cd< As< Ni< Pb.
{"title":"An Environmental Geochemical Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil of Hawija Area, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq","authors":"Ahmed H. M. Al-hamdany, B. Al-Tawash, Hassen Al-Jumaily","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.6ms-2023-12-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.6ms-2023-12-12","url":null,"abstract":"Human health and safety are significantly impacted by soil contamination. Finding the levels of heavy metals As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Pb, and Zn in surface soil in Al-Hawija, southwest Kirkuk, is the primary goal of the research. To measure the concentration of heavy metals and evaluate soil pollution using the Enrichment factor, Contamination Factor, and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), thirty samples were collected and subjected to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis. According to the results, anthropogenic sources in industrial areas have a highly polluted nickel mean of 169.33 ppm higher than the permissible limits (WHO). The mean EF values of heavy metals in all samples decrease in order from Pb > Ni > As > Zn > Cd > Cu > Co > Hg > Cr. The mean values of the Contamination Factor for heavy metals in all samples increased in the order of Cr < V< Hg< Co< Cu< Zn< Cd< As< Ni< Pb.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"19 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.9ms-2023-12-15
Sardar M. Balaky, Goran Hassan, Arkan Hussein, Bzhar Delizy, I. Asaad
The facies analysis, mineralogy and depositional environment of the Cretaceous Sarmord Formation are studied in two outcrops in the Imbrication and High Folded Zones of Northeastern Kurdistan region of Iraq. The formation comprises of rhythmic alternation of medium to thick-bedded marly limestone with marls. Petrographic investigation of marly limestones is on 60 thin sections and showed a variety of pelagic (open sea) faunas such as; ammonites, planktonic forams (Globigerina), radiolarians, calcispheres, ostracods, bioclasts, echinoderm plates and rare calpionellids. Peloids are the only non-skeletal grains components. Depending on detailed microfacies analysis of limestones, three main microfacies types and nine sub-microfacies are identified in the studied sections of the Sarmord Formation, these facies were incorporated into one facies association type relating to their environmental interpretation, that is basinal facies association. X-ray diffraction analysis of selected marl samples, displayed that the main clay minerals in the Sarmord Formation are illite, kaolinite, chlorite and mixed-layers of illite – chlorite. The high abundance of illite indicates that hot-arid climatic conditions prevailed during the deposition of the Sarmord Formation in the study area. From all of the petrographic, facies, textural and mineralogical analyses, it is concluded that the Sarmord Formation in the northeastern Iraq, was deposited in deep water, basinal (outer ramp) environment.
在伊拉克东北部库尔德斯坦地区的侵染区和高褶皱区的两个露头，研究了白垩纪萨尔莫德地层的岩相分析、矿物学和沉积环境。该地层由中厚层泥质灰岩和泥灰岩有节奏地交替组成。对泥质灰岩的岩石学调查是在 60 个薄切片上进行的，结果显示了各种浮游（公海）动物，如：氨虫、浮游蛤蜊（Globigerina）、放射虫、钙球、梭鱼、生物碎屑岩、棘皮动物板和罕见的桡足类。鲕粒是唯一的非骨骼颗粒成分。根据对灰岩进行的详细微地层分析，在所研究的萨尔莫德地层剖面中确定了三种主要微地层类型和九种亚微地层类型，这些地层被纳入与其环境解释相关的一种地层组合类型，即基底地层组合。对所选泥灰岩样本进行的 X 射线衍射分析表明，萨莫德地层中的主要粘土矿物是伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊利石-绿泥石混合层。伊利石的大量存在表明，研究区域内的萨莫德地层沉积期间气候条件炎热干旱。从所有岩相、岩性、纹理和矿物学分析中得出的结论是，伊拉克东北部的萨莫德地层沉积于深水、基底（外斜坡）环境中。
{"title":"Facies Association and Depositional Environment of the Sarmord Formation (Valanginian-Aptian), Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq","authors":"Sardar M. Balaky, Goran Hassan, Arkan Hussein, Bzhar Delizy, I. Asaad","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.9ms-2023-12-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.9ms-2023-12-15","url":null,"abstract":"The facies analysis, mineralogy and depositional environment of the Cretaceous Sarmord Formation are studied in two outcrops in the Imbrication and High Folded Zones of Northeastern Kurdistan region of Iraq. The formation comprises of rhythmic alternation of medium to thick-bedded marly limestone with marls. Petrographic investigation of marly limestones is on 60 thin sections and showed a variety of pelagic (open sea) faunas such as; ammonites, planktonic forams (Globigerina), radiolarians, calcispheres, ostracods, bioclasts, echinoderm plates and rare calpionellids. Peloids are the only non-skeletal grains components. Depending on detailed microfacies analysis of limestones, three main microfacies types and nine sub-microfacies are identified in the studied sections of the Sarmord Formation, these facies were incorporated into one facies association type relating to their environmental interpretation, that is basinal facies association. X-ray diffraction analysis of selected marl samples, displayed that the main clay minerals in the Sarmord Formation are illite, kaolinite, chlorite and mixed-layers of illite – chlorite. The high abundance of illite indicates that hot-arid climatic conditions prevailed during the deposition of the Sarmord Formation in the study area. From all of the petrographic, facies, textural and mineralogical analyses, it is concluded that the Sarmord Formation in the northeastern Iraq, was deposited in deep water, basinal (outer ramp) environment.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.19ms-2023-12-25
Mustafa Fattah, J. Al-Zubaydi, Maher T. Zainy
Shurshirin Valley and surrounding areas are the most wonderful places as tourist areas in the east of Iraq. Many rock slopes appear as dangerous geological locations along this valley. One of the most effective geological structures on the rock slope stability is the orientation of the joints concerning the attitude of the bedding plane and the slope (inclination angle and direction), thus a geometrical analysis for joints has been performed for rock slopes along Shurshirin Valley to assess their instability; Five stations have been studied for both Tertiary rocks and Alluvial fan sediments which exist in three stations only. The main failure types in the study area are rock fall in all stations, toppling in two stations, and (potentially wedge sliding )in one station along the intersection line of the joint sets concerning the lateral slope of station No.2. While the suggested ways to improve the slope stability and protection versus rock failures are re-slope, trimming, ditches, and wire mesh.
{"title":"Structural Analysis for Slope Stability Assessment of Selected Sites at ShurShirin Valley, Zurbatiyah Region, Eastern Iraq","authors":"Mustafa Fattah, J. Al-Zubaydi, Maher T. Zainy","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.19ms-2023-12-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.19ms-2023-12-25","url":null,"abstract":"Shurshirin Valley and surrounding areas are the most wonderful places as tourist areas in the east of Iraq. Many rock slopes appear as dangerous geological locations along this valley. One of the most effective geological structures on the rock slope stability is the orientation of the joints concerning the attitude of the bedding plane and the slope (inclination angle and direction), thus a geometrical analysis for joints has been performed for rock slopes along Shurshirin Valley to assess their instability; Five stations have been studied for both Tertiary rocks and Alluvial fan sediments which exist in three stations only. The main failure types in the study area are rock fall in all stations, toppling in two stations, and (potentially wedge sliding )in one station along the intersection line of the joint sets concerning the lateral slope of station No.2. While the suggested ways to improve the slope stability and protection versus rock failures are re-slope, trimming, ditches, and wire mesh.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"45 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.11ms-2023-12-17
Anwar K. Mousa, Luay S. Shakir
The Quantitative high-resolution planktonic foraminiferal analysis of the subsurface section in three selected wells in the Ajeel Oil Field (Aj-8, Aj-12, and Aj-15) in Tikrit Governorate, Central Iraq has revealed that Shiranish Formation deposited in Late Campanian- Latest Maastrichtian age. This formation consists mainly of marly and marly limestone yielding diverse planktonic foraminiferal assemblages and calcareous benthic foraminifera, with a total of 46 species that belong to 23 genera, Three zones and four subzones, which cover the Late Campanian to the Latest Maastrichtian, were identified based on the recorded planktonic foraminifera and their ranges. They are as follows:1. Globotruncana aegyptiaca Zone that dated to be Late Campanian 2. Gansserina gansseri Zone that refers to Early Maastrichtian 3. Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone that indicates Late Maastrichtian, in this section, the Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone is divided into four subzones, namely in that order from bottom to top: Racemiguembelina fructicosa (Early Late Maastrichtian), Pseudoguembelina hariaensis (Middle-Late Maastrichtian), P. palpebra ( Late Late Maastrichtian), and Plummerita hantkeninoides (latest Maastrichtian).
{"title":"Biostratigraphy of Shiranish Formation from Selected Wells, Central of Iraq","authors":"Anwar K. Mousa, Luay S. Shakir","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.11ms-2023-12-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.11ms-2023-12-17","url":null,"abstract":"The Quantitative high-resolution planktonic foraminiferal analysis of the subsurface section in three selected wells in the Ajeel Oil Field (Aj-8, Aj-12, and Aj-15) in Tikrit Governorate, Central Iraq has revealed that Shiranish Formation deposited in Late Campanian- Latest Maastrichtian age. This formation consists mainly of marly and marly limestone yielding diverse planktonic foraminiferal assemblages and calcareous benthic foraminifera, with a total of 46 species that belong to 23 genera, Three zones and four subzones, which cover the Late Campanian to the Latest Maastrichtian, were identified based on the recorded planktonic foraminifera and their ranges. They are as follows:1. Globotruncana aegyptiaca Zone that dated to be Late Campanian 2. Gansserina gansseri Zone that refers to Early Maastrichtian 3. Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone that indicates Late Maastrichtian, in this section, the Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone is divided into four subzones, namely in that order from bottom to top: Racemiguembelina fructicosa (Early Late Maastrichtian), Pseudoguembelina hariaensis (Middle-Late Maastrichtian), P. palpebra ( Late Late Maastrichtian), and Plummerita hantkeninoides (latest Maastrichtian).","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"76 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.18ms-2023-12-24
Huda Rafea, Emad A. M. Al-Heety, W. Abdulnaby
To know the crustal structure, composition, deformation, and evolution, it is crucial to appreciate the ratio between the velocity of the primary wave and the velocity of the secondary wave, Poisson's ratio, and crustal thickness. The receiver function inversion method was used to determine the (h), the primary wave and velocity of the secondary wave, and the Poisson's ratio. The chosen earthquakes' receiver functions were examined after being recorded at the two seismic stations in Anbar ANB1 and Karbala KAR2. According to the research, the westernmost part of the Mesopotamian plain has a crustal thickness between 44 and 46 km. The calculated crustal thickness value agrees with data from platform regions. The study area's crustal primary wave and velocity of the secondary wave is 1.79. For the platform region and andesitic rocks, this value is typical. The crustal Poisson's ratio was reported to have an intermediate value (0.27). It demonstrates that there are not many differences between the felsic and mafic compositions of the crust.
{"title":"Geological Implications of Crustal Thickness, Vp/Vs, and Poisson's Ratio Beneath the Western Mesopotamian Plain Edge, Iraq","authors":"Huda Rafea, Emad A. M. Al-Heety, W. Abdulnaby","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.18ms-2023-12-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.18ms-2023-12-24","url":null,"abstract":"To know the crustal structure, composition, deformation, and evolution, it is crucial to appreciate the ratio between the velocity of the primary wave and the velocity of the secondary wave, Poisson's ratio, and crustal thickness. The receiver function inversion method was used to determine the (h), the primary wave and velocity of the secondary wave, and the Poisson's ratio. The chosen earthquakes' receiver functions were examined after being recorded at the two seismic stations in Anbar ANB1 and Karbala KAR2. According to the research, the westernmost part of the Mesopotamian plain has a crustal thickness between 44 and 46 km. The calculated crustal thickness value agrees with data from platform regions. The study area's crustal primary wave and velocity of the secondary wave is 1.79. For the platform region and andesitic rocks, this value is typical. The crustal Poisson's ratio was reported to have an intermediate value (0.27). It demonstrates that there are not many differences between the felsic and mafic compositions of the crust.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.8ms-2023-12-14
V. Sissakian, Mohammed J. Hamawandy, B. Ghafour
The Khurmala Formation is exposed in restricted areas in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, usually between the Kolosh and Gercus formations. One of those exposed areas is the Haibat Sultan Mountain which extends from Koya town and eastwards to Sulaymaniyah city with NW-SE trend, where it passes to the Sinjar Formation. The rocks of the latter are used as the raw materials in five cement plants in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. The rocks of the Khurmala Formation were sampled near Kalka Smaq village along the road which crosses Haibat Sultan Mountain to perform an industrial assessment of the rocks. The sampled section is 65 m thick; 13 samples were collected as channel samples with regular intervals of 5 m. In the field, the samples were lithologically described and checked with HCl acid. The samples were powdered, and subjected to XRF to detect the main oxides in the samples. The obtained results of CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, SiO2, SO3, Cl, and L.O.I. as weight percentages were checked with Iraqi standards to find for what industrial uses can be suitable. Accordingly, the samples were found to be suitable for the cement industry and for the paper industry, but after slight treatment.
{"title":"Sutability of Khurmala Formation’s Rocks in Galka Smaq Vicinity, Kurdistan Region of Iraq for Industrial Uses","authors":"V. Sissakian, Mohammed J. Hamawandy, B. Ghafour","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.8ms-2023-12-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.8ms-2023-12-14","url":null,"abstract":"The Khurmala Formation is exposed in restricted areas in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, usually between the Kolosh and Gercus formations. One of those exposed areas is the Haibat Sultan Mountain which extends from Koya town and eastwards to Sulaymaniyah city with NW-SE trend, where it passes to the Sinjar Formation. The rocks of the latter are used as the raw materials in five cement plants in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. The rocks of the Khurmala Formation were sampled near Kalka Smaq village along the road which crosses Haibat Sultan Mountain to perform an industrial assessment of the rocks. The sampled section is 65 m thick; 13 samples were collected as channel samples with regular intervals of 5 m. In the field, the samples were lithologically described and checked with HCl acid. The samples were powdered, and subjected to XRF to detect the main oxides in the samples. The obtained results of CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, SiO2, SO3, Cl, and L.O.I. as weight percentages were checked with Iraqi standards to find for what industrial uses can be suitable. Accordingly, the samples were found to be suitable for the cement industry and for the paper industry, but after slight treatment.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"102 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.25ms-2023-12-31
Mustaffa Ahmad, Abdul Wahid Rasib, Saifullizan Bukhari, Muhamad Ibrahim, Ebrahim Al-Qadami, Mohd Razi, Muhammad Hasan, Mokhamad Cahyadi
In recent years, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia has experienced several developments in buildings and road construction. A stormwater retention pond was built as a part of the construction plan to prevent the occurrence of floods downstream of the development sites. However, poor monitoring and maintenance of the pond caused water contamination, which had bad effects on the nearby environment and lake ecosystem. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the current water quality in the pond by using a combination between Multispectral Unmanned Aerial Vehicle images and in-situ sampling. Four water quality parameters were investigated, namely turbidity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH. Aerial images were taken using a multispectral aerial mapping camera attached to UAV. The in-situ testing was performed on the same day of image capturing at 5 different locations. According to the results, it was found that the pH and water temperature were within the normal levels with maximum and minimum values of 7.34 and 6.94 for pH and 28.39oC and 28.04oC for temperature, respectively. Turbidity readings appaired with a significant variation with a maximum value of 30.9 NTU at the lake outlet and a minimum value of 18.8 NTU at the middle of the lake. Dissolved oxygen concentration was noticed to be low, with an average value of 4.3 mg/l. Water quality mapping showed the concentration distribution of each water quality parameter along the lake surface. In each map, the differences in terms of colours were found to be not significant because of the size of the lake, which is relatively small, as well as because of the small differences in terms of water quality ridings at each sampling point.
{"title":"Lake Water Quality Assessment Based on Multispectral Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images and In-Situ Testing","authors":"Mustaffa Ahmad, Abdul Wahid Rasib, Saifullizan Bukhari, Muhamad Ibrahim, Ebrahim Al-Qadami, Mohd Razi, Muhammad Hasan, Mokhamad Cahyadi","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.25ms-2023-12-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.25ms-2023-12-31","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia has experienced several developments in buildings and road construction. A stormwater retention pond was built as a part of the construction plan to prevent the occurrence of floods downstream of the development sites. However, poor monitoring and maintenance of the pond caused water contamination, which had bad effects on the nearby environment and lake ecosystem. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the current water quality in the pond by using a combination between Multispectral Unmanned Aerial Vehicle images and in-situ sampling. Four water quality parameters were investigated, namely turbidity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH. Aerial images were taken using a multispectral aerial mapping camera attached to UAV. The in-situ testing was performed on the same day of image capturing at 5 different locations. According to the results, it was found that the pH and water temperature were within the normal levels with maximum and minimum values of 7.34 and 6.94 for pH and 28.39oC and 28.04oC for temperature, respectively. Turbidity readings appaired with a significant variation with a maximum value of 30.9 NTU at the lake outlet and a minimum value of 18.8 NTU at the middle of the lake. Dissolved oxygen concentration was noticed to be low, with an average value of 4.3 mg/l. Water quality mapping showed the concentration distribution of each water quality parameter along the lake surface. In each map, the differences in terms of colours were found to be not significant because of the size of the lake, which is relatively small, as well as because of the small differences in terms of water quality ridings at each sampling point.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"19 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.7ms-2023-12-13
Rami Qadr, Hassan A. A. Al-Jumaily, Mohammad Al-Talabany
This research aims to find the values of toxic heavy elements in the dust falling from selected sites within the areas of the city of Kirkuk samples were taken from eight sites of the city and analyzed using ICP-MS. There was a rise in the concentrations of Zn (407.21µg/kg), Pb (28.91µg/kg), Co (34.36µg/kg), Cu (38.29µg/kg), Cd (0.73 µg/kg) and As (3.17 µg/kg) and were higher than Global limit. The enrichment factor in the study area showed that the element zinc falls into the category (significant enrichment), and the contamination factor showed that the element zinc is among the high pollution. It was shown through the degree of contamination of heavy elements in the falling dust that it generally falls into the classification (Considerable contamination). it was found through the hazard quotient and hazard index of the elements that there are non-carcinogenic health risks, including the children's category for arsenic and lead elements. The results indicate the necessity of implementing strategies to mitigate the exposure and potential health effects of these toxic elements on the local population and the environment.
{"title":"Assessment of Environmental and Health Risks of Toxic Heavy Elements in the Dust Falling on Different Areas of Kirkuk","authors":"Rami Qadr, Hassan A. A. Al-Jumaily, Mohammad Al-Talabany","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.7ms-2023-12-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.7ms-2023-12-13","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to find the values of toxic heavy elements in the dust falling from selected sites within the areas of the city of Kirkuk samples were taken from eight sites of the city and analyzed using ICP-MS. There was a rise in the concentrations of Zn (407.21µg/kg), Pb (28.91µg/kg), Co (34.36µg/kg), Cu (38.29µg/kg), Cd (0.73 µg/kg) and As (3.17 µg/kg) and were higher than Global limit. The enrichment factor in the study area showed that the element zinc falls into the category (significant enrichment), and the contamination factor showed that the element zinc is among the high pollution. It was shown through the degree of contamination of heavy elements in the falling dust that it generally falls into the classification (Considerable contamination). it was found through the hazard quotient and hazard index of the elements that there are non-carcinogenic health risks, including the children's category for arsenic and lead elements. The results indicate the necessity of implementing strategies to mitigate the exposure and potential health effects of these toxic elements on the local population and the environment.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"119 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.5ms-2023-12-11
Waterman Bargawa, Hidayatullah Sidiq, Adela Dovena, S. Supandi
{"title":"Skarn and Greisen Model for Tin Depositin Batubesi Area, East Belitung, Indonesia","authors":"Waterman Bargawa, Hidayatullah Sidiq, Adela Dovena, S. Supandi","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.5ms-2023-12-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.5ms-2023-12-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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