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Philosophical cosmology and religious polemic: The “worship of creation” in the writings of Philo of Alexandria and the Wisdom of Solomon 哲学宇宙论与宗教论战:亚历山大的菲罗和所罗门智慧著作中的“创造崇拜”
IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/09518207211041308
E. Wasserman
This article treats Hellenistic Jewish literature that ridicules the alleged worship of the elements, the heavens, the heavenly bodies, or other “parts” of the cosmos, especially as developed in the writings of Philo of Alexandria and Ps-Solomon. It is argued that such claims constitute a distinctive sub-type of religious polemic that draws on and adapts from Platonic and Stoic traditions of cosmology. Such polemics are most clearly developed in Philo’s treatises and in chapter 13 of the Wisdom of Solomon, but they also appear in more abbreviated form in the fragments of Philo of Byblos and Aristobulus. I suggest that these traditions of invective may bear on the interpretation of Rom 1:19–23, but only in an indirect way.
这篇文章讨论了希腊化的犹太文学,这些文学嘲笑所谓的对元素、天堂、天体或宇宙其他“部分”的崇拜,特别是在亚历山大的菲洛和所罗门的著作中发展起来的。有人认为,这种主张构成了一种独特的宗教论战子类型,它借鉴并改编自柏拉图和斯多葛的宇宙学传统。这样的争论在菲洛的论文和所罗门智慧的第13章中得到了最明显的发展,但它们也以更简短的形式出现在比布罗斯和阿里斯托布尔斯的菲洛的片段中。我认为,这些谩骂的传统可能会对罗马书1:19-23的解释产生影响,但只是以间接的方式。
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引用次数: 2
Introduction to Sept 2021 special issue of Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha: The Wisdom of Solomon 2021年9月《Pseudesigrapha研究杂志:所罗门的智慧》特刊简介
IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/09518207211039472
K. Hogan, J. Zurawski
At the 2017 Annual Meeting of the SBL, as the steering committee of the Wisdom and Apocalypticism Section met to plan its programming for the next few years, it became clear that many of the committee members shared an interest in the Wisdom of Solomon. Yet, despite the obvious relevance of that book to the intersection of wisdom and apocalyptic literature, we realized that our section had not devoted a session to the Wisdom of Solomon in the past two decades. To be sure, there had been a number of individual papers focusing on the Wisdom of Solomon, but we resolved then and there that a sustained examination of this book by our section was long overdue. Over the next 3 years, the Wisdom and Apocalypticism Section hosted three sessions focusing on the Wisdom of Solomon, with a view to eventually publishing some of the papers: “The Wisdom of Solomon at the Crossroads of Wisdom, Apocalypticism, and Philosophy” (2018 AM, Denver); “Knowledge and the Cosmos in the Wisdom of Solomon” (2019 AM, San Diego); and simply “The Wisdom of Solomon” (2020 AM, online). The sustained attention to this book paid off; shortly after the 2020 virtual meeting, Matthias Henze invited us to co-edit two special issues of JSP in 2021 on the Wisdom of Solomon. The co-editors are Jason Zurawski, current co-chair (with Emma Wasserman) of the Wisdom and Apocalypticism section, and Karina Martin Hogan, its former chair/co-chair (with Matthew Goff) from 2010–2015. We are extremely grateful to Matthias Henze for this opportunity to publish some of the finest examples of recent critical scholarship on the Wisdom of Solomon (hereafter, Wis), four pieces in the current issue and four in the December 2021 issue.
在SBL 2017年会上,智慧和启示天科的指导委员会开会计划未来几年的计划,很明显,许多委员会成员都对所罗门的智慧感兴趣。然而,尽管这本书与智慧和启示录文学的交叉点有着明显的相关性,但我们意识到,在过去的二十年里,我们的章节没有专门讨论所罗门的智慧。可以肯定的是,已经有很多单独的论文关注所罗门的智慧,但我们当时就决定,我们的部门早就应该对这本书进行持续的审查了。在接下来的3年里,智慧与启示录部分举办了三次会议,重点讨论所罗门的智慧,以期最终发表一些论文:《智慧、启示录和哲学十字路口的所罗门智慧》(2018 AM,丹佛);“所罗门智慧中的知识与宇宙”(2019年上午,圣地亚哥);以及简单的“所罗门的智慧”(2020年上午,在线)。对这本书的持续关注得到了回报;2020年虚拟会议后不久,Matthias Henze邀请我们共同编辑JSP 2021年关于所罗门智慧的两期特刊。联合编辑是《智慧与启示录》栏目的现任联合主席Jason Zurawski(与Emma Wasserman),以及2010-2015年该栏目的前主席/联合主席Karina Martin Hogan(与Matthew Goff)。我们非常感谢Matthias Henze有机会发表关于所罗门智慧(以下简称Wis)的一些最优秀的近期批判性学术实例,本期四篇,2021年12月期四篇。
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引用次数: 0
The martyrdom of Daniel and the Three Youths 但以理和三个年轻人的殉难
IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/09518207211015964
A. Somov
This article investigates the legend about the persecution and martyrdom of Daniel and his three companions at the hand of a wicked Persian king. This story is found in Eastern Orthodox liturgical, hagiographical, and homiletical texts and is based on extracanonical traditions similar to those of the “rewritten Bible” in the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. The article investigates how the canonical story about Daniel and the Three Youths developed into this account of their martyrdom for Christ. The origins, liturgical function, and textual history of this legend are discussed, as well as its structure and tradition-history. My analysis demonstrates that this legend combines a martyrological account (similar to other stories about Jewish martyrs, for example, Daniel 3, 6; 2 Macc 7) with a reinterpretation of stories about biblical heroes. The legend also includes a resurrection story based on an unexpected exegesis of Matt 27:52–53 and 1 Cor 15:6.
这篇文章调查了关于但以理和他的三个同伴被一个邪恶的波斯国王迫害和殉难的传说。这个故事可以在东正教的礼拜仪式、圣徒传记和布道文本中找到,它基于类似于旧约伪典中“重写的圣经”的典外传统。这篇文章调查了关于但以理和三个年轻人的经典故事是如何发展成他们为基督殉道的。本文讨论了这一传说的起源、仪式功能和文本历史,以及它的结构和传统历史。我的分析表明,这个传说结合了殉道者的叙述(类似于其他关于犹太殉道者的故事,例如,但以理书3,6;《马可福音2》第7章)重新诠释了圣经中的英雄故事。这个传说还包括一个复活的故事,基于对马太福音27:52-53和哥林多前书15:6的意外注释。
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引用次数: 0
Noachic traditions in the Book of Parables: Two parallels from the Dead Sea Scrolls 寓言书中的挪亚传统:死海古卷中的两个相似之处
IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/09518207211011763
A. Feldman
This note draws attention to two passages from the so-called Noachic interpolations in the Book of Parables where Noah traditions embedded in Qumran scrolls may provide helpful parallels. First, it suggests that the dating of the vision in 1 En. 60:1 is illuminated by a comparison to the Flood chronology in 4Q252. Second, it points out a similar use of Isa 24:18–20 in 1 En. 65:1–5, 9 and 4Q370. In both instances, the suggested parallels highlight the Parables’ use of the Flood as a prototype of an eschatological judgment.
这篇注释提请注意《寓言书》中所谓的诺亚插入的两段,其中嵌入库姆兰卷轴中的诺亚传统可能提供了有益的相似之处。首先,它表明了1 En中视觉的年代测定。60:1通过与52年第4季度的洪水年表进行比较来说明。第二,它指出了在1 En中Isa 24:18–20的类似用法。65:1–5、9和4Q370。在这两种情况下,建议的相似之处突出了寓言将洪水作为末世论判断的原型。
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引用次数: 0
The seventy-two elders of the Letter of Aristeas: An ancient midrash on Numbers 11? 《阿里斯提亚信》中的七十二长老:关于数字11的古代米德拉什?
IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/09518207211022299
Noah Hacham
According to the Letter of Aristeas, the ancient treatise on the creation of the Greek translation of the Pentateuch, the high priest Eleazar chose seventy-two elders and dispatched them to Egypt where they translated the Torah into Greek. Scholars discerned the meaning of this number, indicating the affinity to the seventy elders who joined Moses and Aaron in the Sinai covenant (Exod. 24) and the fact that this number represents all the tribes of Israel equally, thus sanctifying the Greek translation in a similar way to the Torah. Particular attention was paid to Epiphanius, the fourth century church father, who explicitly states that the seventy-two elders provide equal representation to all the constituent tribes of Israel. Rabbinic literature, however, has been entirely absent from this discourse. In this article I point to Sifre on Numbers, a second century midrash, that notes that seventy-two elders experienced the Divine revelation (Numbers 11): seventy in the Tabernacle and Eldad and Medad in the camp. I suggest that based on a similar ancient interpretation of Numbers 11, the Letter of Aristeas chose the number seventy-two in order to bestow the aura, authority and sanctity of the seventy-two elders of Number 11 on the Greek translation. This example also highlights Rabbinic literature as an integral element of the cultural context of Jewish-Hellenistic literature.
根据《阿里斯蒂亚斯的信》,这是一篇关于《摩西五经》希腊语翻译的古代论文,大祭司以利亚撒选择了七十二名长老,并将他们派往埃及,在那里他们将《摩西五经》翻译成希腊语。学者们发现了这个数字的含义,表明了在西奈之约中加入摩西和亚伦的七十位长老的亲和力(出埃及记24),以及这个数字平等地代表了以色列所有部落的事实,从而以类似于Torah的方式使希腊文译本神圣化。特别值得注意的是埃皮法尼乌斯,四世纪的教会之父,他明确指出,七十二位长老为以色列的所有组成部落提供平等的代表。拉比文学,然而,已经完全缺席这种论述。在这篇文章中,我提到了《民数记》,一本写于二世纪的米德拉书,书中提到七十二位长老经历了神的启示(民数记11章):七十人在会幕,伊利达和米达在营中。我认为,基于对数字11的类似古代解释,《阿里斯蒂亚的信》选择了数字72,是为了赋予数字11的七十二长老的光环、权威和神圣性。这个例子也突出了拉比文学作为犹太-希腊文学文化背景的一个组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Putting “the Torah” back into “the Book of Moses” in Miqṣat Ma‘aśe ha-Torah: A new proposed reconstruction of 4Q397 14–21 6 将“Torah”放回“摩西书”中Miqṣat Ma 'aśe ha-Torah: 4Q397的新提议重建14-21
IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/09518207211011764
Jonathan C. Kaplan
In this article, I build upon observations by Émile Puech regarding the available space in 4Q397 14–21 6, one of the manuscripts of Miqṣat Ma‘aśe ha-Torah (MMT), in order to propose an alternate reconstruction of the middle of this line. I suggest emending the earlier reconstruction of בספר מושה‎ “in the book of Moses,” which is found in numerous editions of 4Q397, with בספר‎ תורת מושה‎ “in the book of the torah of Moses.” I argue that this new proposed reconstruction is plausible given the context of this line, the available space on the line, and the appearance of the phrase elsewhere in other Second Temple period Hebrew literature.
在这篇文章中,我基于Émile Puech对Miq手稿之一4Q397 14–21 6中可用空间的观察ṣ在Ma'aśe ha Torah(MMT),以提出该线路中间的替代重建方案。我建议修正早期的重建‎ “在摩西书中,”在1997年第4季度的许多版本中都可以找到‎ ‎ ”我认为,考虑到这一行的背景、行上的可用空间以及该短语在其他第二圣殿时期希伯来文文献中的出现,这一新提议的重建是合理的。
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引用次数: 0
Complexes of Emotions in Joseph and Aseneth. 约瑟夫和阿塞涅斯的情感情结。
IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/0951820720948245
Tyler Smith

The ancient Greek novel introduced to the history of literature a new topos: the "complex of emotions." This became a staple of storytelling and remains widely in use across a variety of genres to the present day. The Hellenistic Jewish text Joseph and Aseneth employs this topos in at least three passages, where it draws attention to the cognitive-emotional aspect of the heroine's conversion. This is interesting for what it contributes to our understanding of the genre of Aseneth, but it also has social-historical implications. In particular, it supports the idea that Aseneth reflects concerns about Gentile partners in Jewish-Gentile marriages, that Gentile partners might convert out of expedience or that they might be less than fully committed to abandoning "idolatrous" attachments. The representations of deep, grievous, and complex emotions in Aseneth's transformational turn from idolatry to monolatry, then, might play a psychagogic role for the Gentile reader interested in marrying a Jewish person.

古希腊小说为文学史引入了一个新的主题:“情感情结”。这成为了讲故事的主要内容,并在各种类型的游戏中广泛使用至今。希腊化的犹太文本《约瑟夫和阿塞尼斯》在至少三个段落中使用了这个主题,在这些段落中,它引起了人们对女主角转变的认知-情感方面的关注。这很有趣,因为它有助于我们理解《Aseneth》这一类型,但它也具有社会历史意义。特别是,它支持这样一种观点,即Aseneth反映了对犹太人与外邦人婚姻中外邦人伴侣的担忧,即外邦人伴侣可能出于权宜之计而改变信仰,或者他们可能没有完全承诺放弃“偶像崇拜”的依恋。在阿塞尼斯从偶像崇拜到独身主义的转变过程中,这种深刻、悲伤和复杂的情感表现,可能会对有意与犹太人结婚的外邦读者产生心理上的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Bright ecological wisdom in Baruch 3:33–35 巴鲁克明亮的生态智慧3:33–35
IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0951820720963472
Trevor Tibbertsma
This short study seeks to highlight the rhetorical use of creation imagery in the sapiential Torah exhortation of Baruch 3:9–4:4. A methodology of rhetorical criticism will principally be used to investigate the style of this “ecologically” insightful part of the poem as well as its function in the wider message of the exhortation. The few short phrases of 3:33–35 effectively bolster the overall exhortation to adhere to the divine commandments as Israel is thereby invited to an imitation of creation in its reverent, unhesitating, joyful and Patriarch-like obedience to the divine will. To paraphrase this idea, “Hear O Israel, be like the light and the stars! Learn from creation and you will live.” Finally, this study seeks to contribute to the more recent attention to the Book of Baruch by commenting further on the previously accentuated unoriginality of this marvelous short work of Second Temple Jewish literature, especially with regard to its employment of some bright “ecological” wisdom.
这项简短的研究试图强调创造意象在巴鲁克3:9-4:4的智慧托拉劝诫中的修辞使用。修辞批评的方法论将主要用于研究这首诗中“生态”深刻部分的风格,以及它在更广泛的劝诫信息中的作用。3:33-35这几个简短的短语有效地支持了对遵守神圣戒律的总体规劝,因为以色列因此被邀请模仿创造,以其虔诚、毫不犹豫、快乐和父权般的服从神圣意志。借用这一观点,“以色列啊,听吧,就像光和星星一样!从创造中学习,你就会活着。”最后,这项研究试图通过进一步评论这部第二圣殿犹太文学的精彩短篇作品之前强调的非原创性,为最近对《巴鲁克书》的关注做出贡献,特别是在其运用了一些鲜明的“生态”智慧方面。
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引用次数: 0
Drink and drinking in early Jewish texts: Describing a meal in the World to Come 早期犹太文本中的饮酒:描述未来世界的一顿饭
IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0951820721995758
Claudia D. Bergmann
Both the Hebrew Bible and extrabiblical literature consider food and drink to be gifts from the deity to be enjoyed by human beings, especially when they live according to the divine laws and in moderation. When it comes to extrabiblical early Jewish texts about the meal in the World to Come, one notices a curious detail: while the World to Come is portrayed as being one of utter abundance and joy, none of the texts actually describe the righteous as drinking. References to drinking natural water, fruit being turned into drink, or any other possibility for the human consumption of liquids are simply absent from these texts. How is this to be explained? This article investigates the possible reasons for the conscious or subconscious omission of a function of the human body that is most common to all human beings.
希伯来圣经和圣经外文学都认为食物和饮料是神的礼物,供人类享用,尤其是当他们按照神圣的法律和节制生活时。当谈到圣经外的早期犹太文本中关于“未来世界”中的膳食时,人们会注意到一个奇怪的细节:虽然“未来世界》被描绘成一个充满丰富和欢乐的世界,但没有一个文本真正将正义者描述为饮酒。这些文本中根本没有提及饮用天然水、将水果转化为饮料或人类食用液体的任何其他可能性。如何解释?这篇文章调查了有意识或潜意识忽视人体功能的可能原因,这是所有人类最常见的。
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引用次数: 0
Susanna and the Elders: A Hebrew Legend with Egyptian Wordplay? 苏珊娜与长老:希伯来语传说与埃及文字游戏?
IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0951820721995765
D. Domning
The Egyptian word seshen (“water lily,” a cognate of the Hebrew name Susanna, written with hieroglyphs depicting a door bolt, a garden pool, and water), may have inspired the setting of the Theodotion form of Daniel 13:1–27. This may constitute a novel type of “bilingual visual paronomasia,” and point to an Egyptian source of the details of Susanna’s bath, absent in the earliest (Old Greek) form of the biblical text of Daniel.
埃及单词seshen(“睡莲”,希伯来语名字Susanna的同源词,用象形文字书写,描绘了门闩、花园水池和水)可能启发了但以理书13:1-27的狄奥多伦形式的背景。这可能构成了一种新颖类型的“双语视觉模仿症”,并指出了苏珊娜沐浴细节的埃及来源,但以理圣经文本的最早形式(古希腊语)中没有。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha
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