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Prediction of reservoir properties and fluids using rock physics techniques in the Rio Del Rey Basin, Cameroon 利用岩石物理技术预测喀麦隆里奥德尔雷盆地的储层特性和流体
IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105346
Lionel Takem Nkwanyang , Zerubbabel Akongneh , Bernard Ngu Che , Kennedy Folepai Fozao

The application of rock physics modeling has been a breakthrough in oil and gas industry and has greatly managed exploration and interpretation risk. In the Rio del Rey Basin, the rock physics method was used to ascertain the reservoir's characteristics and relate them to the elastic characteristics. Using conventional techniques to connect to the elastic properties and assess various rock physics diagnostics, the estimated petrophysical parameters were water saturations, porosity, and shale volume. By connecting the saturated bulk modulus to its porosity, the bulk modulus of the porous frame, the bulk modulus of the mineral matrix, and the bulk modulus of the pore filling fluids, the Gassmann fluid replacement modeling was used to simulate various fluid scenarios. Finally, an evaluation was conducted on rock physics boundaries and cement models. The reservoirs are rated as extremely good based on the results. The rock physics model generated showed the friable sand model is a suitable model for the said basin and the rock physics bounds that were evaluated indicated that the sediments are deposited below the critical porosity and less compacted thereby depicting a soft sand model. Conventional petrophysical study would not be able to reveal the clustering of the gas sands from the brine sand and the shale zone in connection to the geologic trend as demonstrated by the rock physics template. The anticipated model will be useful to extrapolate the study to other sedimentary basins in Cameroon and estimate porosity from the impedance acquired from seismic data throughout the basin.

岩石物理模型的应用是油气行业的一项突破,极大地控制了勘探和解释风险。在里奥德尔雷盆地,岩石物理方法被用来确定储层的特征,并将其与弹性特征联系起来。利用常规技术连接弹性特性并评估各种岩石物理诊断,估算出的岩石物理参数包括含水饱和度、孔隙度和页岩体积。通过将饱和容积模量与孔隙度、多孔框架的容积模量、矿物基质的容积模量以及孔隙填充流体的容积模量联系起来,利用加斯曼流体置换模型模拟了各种流体情况。最后,对岩石物理边界和水泥模型进行了评估。根据结果,储层被评为极好。生成的岩石物理模型显示,易碎砂模型适合上述盆地,评估的岩石物理边界显示,沉积物沉积在临界孔隙度以下,压实程度较低,因此描述了软砂模型。传统的岩石物理研究无法揭示卤水砂和页岩带中的气砂聚集与岩石物理模板所显示的地质趋势之间的联系。预期的模型将有助于将研究推广到喀麦隆的其他沉积盆地,并根据从整个盆地的地震数据中获得的阻抗估算孔隙度。
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引用次数: 0
Petroleum system assessment of the Beni Suef Basin, Western Desert, Egypt 埃及西部沙漠贝尼苏埃夫盆地石油系统评估
IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105345
Sherif Farouk , Mohamed Arafat , Mohamed S. Fagelnour , Khaled Al-Kahtany , Thomas Gentzis

Within the northwestern Desert of Egypt, the Beni Suef Basin is one of the most significant hydrocarbon basins. After over 50 years of exploration and production, the main challenge today is to locate new areas that are prolific to oil and gas production. The study aims to identify potential drilling locations by integrating geochemical methods, 1D and 2D basin modelling, well log analysis, seismic interpretation, and hydrocarbon migration pathways. Results show that the Lower Kharita shale contain both oil and gas generating kerogen with generating potential that ranges from fair to very good. The source rocks within the Lower Kharita are mature (main oil window) and have a transformation ratio of up to 60% based on 1D basin modeling. The modelled 2D vitrinite reflectance map showed that hydrocarbon generation occurred at depths greater than 10850 ft (3306 m) with vitrinite reflectance values greater than 0.65% in both the northern and southern parts of the Beni Suef Field. Two main reservoirs were studied. The lower Bahariya and upper Kharita reservoirs are composed of well to moderately sorted sandstone. The subsurface structural maps, reservoirs, source, and charge modeling maps have been constructed to show the migration pathways and accumulation areas. There are three accumulation areas identified. The first accumulation area is located in the high structure up-dip section of the major normal fault, and migration direction is from northwest. The second and third accumulation areas are located in the low structure and down-dip from the normal fault, with migration of hydrocarbons from southeast. The latter two areas should be tested by drilling in the future.

在埃及西北部沙漠地区,贝尼苏伊夫盆地是最重要的油气盆地之一。经过 50 多年的勘探和生产,目前面临的主要挑战是找到油气产量丰富的新区域。这项研究旨在通过整合地球化学方法、一维和二维盆地建模、测井记录分析、地震解释和碳氢化合物迁移路径,确定潜在的钻探地点。研究结果表明,下哈里塔页岩含有可生成石油和天然气的角质,其生成潜力从一般到非常好不等。根据一维盆地建模,下哈里塔页岩中的源岩已经成熟(主要石油窗口),转化率高达 60%。模拟的二维玻璃光泽反射率图显示,贝尼苏伊夫油田北部和南部的碳氢化合物生成深度超过 10850 英尺(3306 米),玻璃光泽反射率值大于 0.65%。对两个主要储层进行了研究。下部 Bahariya 和上部 Kharita 储层由分选良好至中等的砂岩组成。绘制了地下结构图、储层图、源图和充填模型图,以显示迁移路径和积聚区。共确定了三个积聚区。第一积聚区位于主要正断层的高构造上倾段,迁移方向为西北。第二和第三个积聚区位于低构造和正断层的下倾段,碳氢化合物从东南方向迁移。后两个区域应在未来进行钻探测试。
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引用次数: 0
Neoarchaean and Palaeoproterozoic tectono-metamorphic events along the southern margin of the Zimbabwe craton: Insights from muscovite 40Ar/39Ar geochronology from rare-metal pegmatites, Zimbabwe 津巴布韦克拉通南缘的新元古代和古新生代构造-变质事件:从津巴布韦稀有金属伟晶岩中的云母40Ar/39Ar地质年代学中获得的启示
IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105333
Godfrey S. Chagondah , Jan D. Kramers , Axel Hofmann , Hugh Rollinson

Muscovite 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on ten samples from complex-type, rare-metal (e.g., Li, Cs, Ta, Rb, Be, Nb, Sn and W) pegmatites from the Bikita and Mweza pegmatite fields in Zimbabwe yield ages that range from ca. 26221940 Ma. One pegmatite from the Bikita field yield a relict age of ca. 2622 Ma which is similar to the ca. 2.62 Ga emplacement age of the Main Bikita Pegmatite previously determined by laser ablation analyses of Ta–Nb–Sn oxides. Younger muscovite 40Ar/39Ar ages of ca. 25802539 Ma in the Bikita field may reflect post-pegmatite emplacement tectono-thermal events under fluid-mediated conditions. Data from the Mweza pegmatite district yield dates of ca. 20271940 Ma which reflect a Palaeoproterozoic overprint. Palaeoproterozoic 40Ar/39Ar ages are spatially restricted to near the Northern Marginal ZoneZimbabwe Craton boundary and are absent towards the interior of the craton in the Bikita pegmatite field.

对来自津巴布韦 Bikita 和 Mweza伟晶岩矿区的复杂类型稀有金属(如 Li、Cs、Ta、Rb、Be、Nb、Sn 和 W)伟晶岩的十个样品进行了熔闪石 40Ar/39Ar 地质年代测定,得出的年龄范围约为 2622-1940 Ma。来自 Bikita 辉绿岩区的一个伟晶岩产生了约 2622 Ma 的残余年龄,与约 2.62 Ga 的成岩年龄相似。之前通过对钽铌锰氧化物的激光烧蚀分析,确定了主比基塔伟晶岩的 2.62 Ga 成岩年龄。Bikita岩场较年轻的白云母40Ar/39Ar年龄约为2580-2539Ma,可能反映了在流体介导条件下伟晶岩成岩后的构造热事件。来自 Mweza伟晶岩区的数据得出的年代约为 2027-1940 Ma,反映了古新生代的覆盖。古新生代 40Ar/39Ar 年龄在空间上仅限于北边缘区-津巴布韦克拉通边界附近,而在比基塔伟晶岩区的克拉通内部则没有。
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引用次数: 0
Petrogenesis of flood basalts and shield basanite from Mertolemariam- Abamineos area, northwestern Ethiopian plateau: Assessments for mantle source variations 埃塞俄比亚高原西北部 Mertolemariam- Abamineos 地区洪积玄武岩和盾玄武岩的岩石成因:地幔源变化评估
IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105331
Wubante Fikadu , Takele Chekol , Daniel Meshesha , Dejene H mariam , David Buriánek , Leta Alemayehu , Krystof Verner

Petrographic and geochemical data (major and trace elements) are presented for Oligocene flood basalts and Miocene shield lavas from the Mertolemariam-Abamineos area, northwestern Ethiopian Plateau to examine the petrogenesis of the erupted magmas and the nature of mantle source compositions. The Mertolemariam flood basalts have mainly aphyric and plagioclase phyric textures. The Abamineos shield lavas have sparsely clinopyroxene phyric to highly plagioclase-clinopyroxene phyric textures. Geochemical classification shows that the Mertolemariam Oligocene flood basalts are sub-alkaline in composition, whereas the Abamineos Miocene shield lavas are highly alkaline in composition. The Abamineos shield has a unique composition (i.e., basanites) compared with all other shield basalts (transitional to alkaline) in the northwestern Ethiopian Plateau. Major and trace element compositions display two distinct trends between Mertolemariam flood basalts and Abamineos shield basanites. Fractional crystallization, partial melting, and crustal contamination of a homogeneous mantle source cannot explain the compositional variations between the Mertolemariam flood basalts and the Abamineos shield basanites. The trace element composition suggests that the Mertolemariam Oligocene flood basalts were more likely generated from the mixing of OIB (mantle plume) and E-MORB (enriched asthenosphere) mantle components. The Abamineos Miocene shield basanites were derived from the mantle plume (OIB) component. LREE/MREE and LREE/HREE indicate that both groups possibly originated from a mantle source within the stability field of spinel and garnet. In comparison, the Mertolemariam flood basalts were formed by a higher degree of partial melting from relatively shallow depths than the Abamineos shield basanites. We propose a scenario that explains the magmatic genesis in the northwestern Ethiopian Plateau: volcanism initiated by the initial arrival of the mantle plume (OIB-like) beneath the lithosphere, which comes across a geochemically fertile and enriched MORB (E-MORB) mantle component in the upper asthenosphere. The hot mantle plume triggered melting of the fertile and enriched MORB, and then melting occurred in the plume (OIB-like) at depth in the stability field of spinel and garnet. Melts from the mantle plume (OIB-like) and E-MORB components mixed to produce sub-alkaline flood basalts during the Oligocene in the northwestern Ethiopian Plateau Subsequently, melts from the advanced upwelling mantle plume (OIB-like) produced Miocene shield lavas in the northwestern Ethiopian Plateau.

本文介绍了埃塞俄比亚高原西北部 Mertolemariam-Abamineos 地区渐新世洪积玄武岩和中新世盾状熔岩的岩石学和地球化学数据(主要元素和痕量元素),以研究喷发岩浆的岩石成因和地幔源成分的性质。默托勒马里亚姆洪积玄武岩主要具有斑岩和斜长石质地。阿巴米诺斯盾状熔岩则具有稀疏的辉石质到高度的斜长石-辉石质构造。地球化学分类显示,Mertolemariam渐新世洪积玄武岩的成分为亚碱性,而阿巴米诺斯中新世盾构熔岩的成分为高碱性。与埃塞俄比亚高原西北部的所有其他盾状玄武岩(过渡到碱性)相比,阿巴米诺斯盾状玄武岩具有独特的成分(即玄武岩)。主要元素和痕量元素组成在梅托勒马里亚姆洪积玄武岩和阿巴米诺斯盾状玄武岩之间呈现出两种截然不同的趋势。同质地幔源的碎裂结晶、部分熔融和地壳污染无法解释默托勒马利亚姆洪积玄武岩和阿巴米诺斯盾状玄武岩之间的成分变化。微量元素成分表明,Mertolemariam渐新世洪积玄武岩更有可能是由OIB(地幔羽流)和E-MORB(富集星体层)地幔成分混合生成的。阿巴米诺斯中新世盾状玄武岩来自地幔羽流(OIB)成分。LREE/MREE和LREE/HREE表明,这两个组可能都源自尖晶石和石榴石稳定场内的地幔源。相比之下,与阿巴米诺斯盾状玄武岩相比,默托勒马里亚姆洪积玄武岩是由相对较浅的部分熔融形成的。我们提出了一种解释埃塞俄比亚高原西北部岩浆成因的方案:岩石圈下的地幔羽流(类似于 OIB)最初到达时,遇到了上星体层中地球化学肥沃和富集的 MORB(E-MORB)地幔成分,从而引发了火山活动。炽热的地幔羽流引发了肥沃和富集的 MORB 的熔化,然后在羽流(OIB-like)深处的尖晶石和石榴石稳定场中发生了熔化。在埃塞俄比亚高原西北部的渐新世期间,来自地幔羽流(OIB-like)和 E-MORB 成分的熔体混合产生了亚碱性洪积玄武岩,随后,来自高级上涌地幔羽流(OIB-like)的熔体在埃塞俄比亚高原西北部产生了中新世盾状熔岩。
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引用次数: 0
The major Adassil-Medinet fault; a complex evolution of high angle transpressive Variscan shear zones (Western High Atlas, Morocco) 阿达希尔-梅迪内特大断层;高角度转位变位剪切带的复杂演变(摩洛哥,西高阿特拉斯)
IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105332
R. Dias , M. Hadani , M.R. Azevedo , N. Ait Ayad

The Western High Atlas is one of the most important sectors of the Variscan foldbelt in Morocco and also of its Alpine intracontinental orogen. Its tectonic evolution is thus essential for the understanding, not only of the Moroccan geology, but also of the interaction between successive orogenic cycles which is one of the focus of this article. Furthermore, as the Moroccan Variscides must be seen in the context of the complex dextral collision between Laurasia and Gondwana, this is also a contribution to the comprehension of the complexity of transpressive regimes and strain partitioning processes.

New data show that WNW-ESE sinistral Variscan shear zones (mainly the Addouz-Adassil-Anamrou one - AAAsz), although secondary to the main orogenic scale ENE-WSW dextral shear zones, must be considered in order to understand the Late Paleozoic deformation and its Alpine reactivation. In fact, the concentration of the last stages of the Variscan ductile deformation in the steep and irregular AAAsz played an important role in the initiation and localisation of the minor magmatic events and influenced the geometry and kinematics of the Late Variscan WNW-ESE sinistral shear zones. Furthermore, during the Alpine inversion, the orientation of the AAAsz and related major anisotropies tend to be reactivated, with a major reverse component, giving rise to the irregular Adassil-Medinet fault zone, one of the most important structures of the Western High Atlas.

西高阿特拉斯是摩洛哥瓦里斯坎褶皱带最重要的地段之一,也是其阿尔卑斯洲内造山带最重要的地段之一。因此,它的构造演化不仅对了解摩洛哥地质,而且对了解连续造山运动周期之间的相互作用至关重要,这也是本文的重点之一。此外,由于必须在劳拉大陆和冈瓦纳大陆之间复杂的右旋碰撞背景下看待摩洛哥变位带,这也有助于理解换位制度和应变分化过程的复杂性。新的数据表明,要了解晚古生代的变形及其阿尔卑斯山的重新激活,就必须考虑西北-东南向的正弦瓦里斯坎剪切带(主要是阿杜兹-阿达西尔-阿纳姆鲁剪切带--AAAsz),尽管它是主要造山规模的ENE-WSW向斜剪切带的次要剪切带。事实上,瓦利斯坎韧性变形的最后阶段集中在陡峭和不规则的AAAsz地区,这对小岩浆事件的发生和定位起到了重要作用,并影响了瓦利斯坎晚期WNW-ESE正弦剪切带的几何形状和运动学。此外,在阿尔卑斯反转过程中,AAAsz 的走向和相关的主要各向异性趋于重新激活,并出现了主要的反向成分,从而形成了不规则的 Adassil-Medinet 断层带,这是西阿特拉斯高地最重要的结构之一。
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引用次数: 0
Quartz grain microtextures of Holocene sebkhas sediments in southeast Tunisia: Implications for sedimentary processes and depositional environments 突尼斯东南部全新世sebkhas沉积物的石英颗粒微质地:对沉积过程和沉积环境的影响
IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105329
Mariem Ben Ameur , Hamdi Omar , Sameh Masmoudi , Chokri Yaich

Detrital quartz grains extracted from sebkha sediments in southeastern Tunisia underwent scanning electron microscopy analysis to identify sediment sources and assess the influence of the saline environment on the grains. Core sediments collected from Sebkha el Melah and Sebkha Mhabeul cover the last 5000 and 2000 BP, respectively. The uppermost Unit III, present in both cores, exhibits two distinct facies based on the mechanical microtextures of its quartz grains. The aeolian facies sediments are characterized by quartz grains with rounded outlines, upturned plates, and crescentic percussion marks. In contrast, the fluvial facies sediments are associated with quartz grains featuring subangular outlines, v-shaped percussion cracks, conchoidal fractures. Observations on the quartz grains of the sebkhas suggest multiple transportation and processing events, indicating long-distance transport and rapid deposition rates. The majority of quartz grains appear to originate from the surrounding terrain, reflecting the dynamic geological history of the region. This study delves into the connection between microtexture variations on quartz grain surfaces and specific historical climatic conditions in the sebkhas. By examining geochemical variations along the cores, facies with elevated salt concentrations corresponding to warmer periods reveal extensively weathered quartz grains. This substantial chemical alteration is evident through microtextures such as oriented etch pits, anastomosed dissolution networks and solution crevasses. The profound dissolution has significantly impacted the quartz lattice, resulting in the decomposition of the grains and the formation of "cauliflower" or "spongy" shapes, erasing prior microtextures. Conversely, during less warm periods, quartz dissolution was less severe, thereby preserving microtextures.

Sand grain surfaces are notably sensitive to both transport processes and variations in the physicochemical environment. In the hypersaline and confined environments of sebkhas in southeastern Tunisia, potent post-sedimentary processes can obliterate and obscure the original microtextures recorded on grains from previous environments due to highly fluctuating physicochemical conditions.

对从突尼斯东南部 Sebkha 沉积物中提取的碎屑石英颗粒进行了扫描电子显微镜分析,以确定沉积物的来源并评估盐碱环境对石英颗粒的影响。从 Sebkha el Melah 和 Sebkha Mhabeul 采集的岩心沉积物分别涵盖了公元前 5000 年和 2000 年。两个岩心中最上层的第三单元根据其石英颗粒的机械微观结构呈现出两种截然不同的面貌。风化层沉积物的特征是石英颗粒具有圆形轮廓、上翻板块和新月形冲击痕迹。与此相反,流积面沉积物的石英颗粒则具有近方形轮廓、V 形冲击裂纹和锥形断裂。对sebkhas石英颗粒的观察表明,石英颗粒经过多次搬运和加工,表明石英颗粒经过长距离搬运,沉积速度很快。大部分石英颗粒似乎来自周围的地形,反映了该地区动态的地质历史。本研究深入探讨了石英颗粒表面的微纹理变化与sebkhas地区特定历史气候条件之间的联系。通过研究岩心沿线的地球化学变化,盐浓度较高的岩面与较温暖的时期相对应,这些岩面显示出广泛的风化石英颗粒。通过微观纹理,如定向蚀坑、吻合溶解网络和溶蚀裂隙,可以明显看出这种严重的化学蚀变。深度溶解严重影响了石英晶格,导致石英颗粒分解,形成 "菜花状 "或 "海绵状",抹去了之前的微纹理。相反,在温度较低的时期,石英溶解的程度较轻,因此保留了微纹理。砂粒表面对迁移过程和物理化学环境的变化都非常敏感。在突尼斯东南部sebkhas的高盐度和封闭环境中,由于物理化学条件的剧烈波动,强大的沉积后过程可能会抹去和掩盖之前环境中砂粒上记录的原始微观纹理。
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引用次数: 0
Geophysical evaluation and petrophysical assessment of the Abu Roash "F" Member: A probable unconventional oil reservoir in Heba Field, eastern Abu Gharadig Basin, Egypt Abu Roash "F "层的地球物理评价和岩石物理评估:埃及阿布加拉迪格盆地东部赫巴油田可能的非常规油藏
IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105330
Mohammad Abdelfattah Sarhan , Mohamed I. Abdel-Fattah

This study investigates the geophysical properties of the Abu Roash F Member (AR/F) as a potential unconventional oil reservoir in Heba Field, located in the eastern region of the Abu Gharadig Basin (Egypt). Analysis of seismic data reveals the influence of Late Cretaceous dextral wrenching tectonic activity, evidenced by the presence of ENE-WSW anticlinal folds and intersecting NW-SE as well as WNW-ESE extensional faults throughout the study area. This tectonic regime is believed to have played a significant role in the formation of micro-fractures within the AR/F carbonate, which can enhance the reservoir's potential by improving its permeability and porosity. Petrophysical assessment identifies favorable reservoir zones within specific depth intervals across multiple wells. These zones exhibit promising reservoir quality, characterized by low shale volume (below 0.20), which indicates a cleaner reservoir rock with less clay content. Additionally, the high total porosity (ranging from 0.20 to 0.25) and moderate effective porosity (ranging from 0.15 to 0.20) suggest that a substantial portion of the rock's pore space is available for storing hydrocarbons. The low water saturation (between 0.40 and 0.50) further supports the presence of hydrocarbons, as it indicates that the pores are not predominantly filled with water. Furthermore, the high hydrocarbon saturation (ranging from 0.50 to 0.60) confirms the significant presence of hydrocarbons within the reservoir. The quantitative assessment of these petrophysical properties across all analyzed wells further confirms the good reservoir quality and potential of the AR/F Member. The integration of seismic and petrophysical data provides a comprehensive understanding of the reservoir characteristics, highlighting the AR/F Member as a significant oil reservoir in the eastern border of the Abu Gharadig Basin, particularly in Heba Field. This study's findings complement the existing knowledge of oil-bearing formations in the region, suggesting that the AR/F Member could be a valuable addition to the basin's hydrocarbon resources. The results underscore the importance of further exploration and development of the AR/F Member to fully realize its potential as a major contributor to the area's oil production.

本研究调查了阿布-罗阿什 F 组元(AR/F)的地球物理特性,该组元是位于阿布-加拉迪格盆地(埃及)东部地区希巴油田的一个潜在非常规油藏。对地震数据的分析表明,在整个研究区域内,存在 ENE-WSW 向反斜坡褶皱和 NW-SE 及 WNW-ESE 向延伸断层,这证明了晚白垩世右旋扳动构造活动的影响。这种构造体系被认为对 AR/F 碳酸盐岩内部微裂缝的形成起到了重要作用,而微裂缝可以通过提高渗透率和孔隙度来增强储层的潜力。岩石物理评估确定了多口井特定深度区间内的有利储层带。这些区域显示出良好的储层质量,其特点是页岩体积小(低于 0.20),这表明储层岩石较清洁,粘土含量较少。此外,较高的总孔隙度(0.20 至 0.25)和适中的有效孔隙度(0.15 至 0.20)表明,岩石的大部分孔隙空间可用于储存碳氢化合物。低水饱和度(介于 0.40 和 0.50 之间)进一步证实了碳氢化合物的存在,因为它表明孔隙中主要不是水。此外,高碳氢饱和度(介于 0.50 至 0.60 之间)证实储层中存在大量碳氢化合物。对所有分析井的这些岩石物理特性进行的定量评估进一步证实了 AR/F 油气层良好的储层质量和潜力。地震和岩石物理数据的整合提供了对储层特征的全面了解,突出表明 AR/F 成员是 Abu Gharadig 盆地东部边界,尤其是 Heba 油田的一个重要油藏。这项研究的结果补充了对该地区含油层的现有认识,表明 AR/F 成员可能是该盆地油气资源的宝贵补充。研究结果强调了进一步勘探和开发 AR/F 成员的重要性,以充分发挥其作为该地区石油生产主要贡献者的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Induced seismicity at the Laúca reservoir, Angola Craton: Focal mechanisms and implications for the stress field in Western Central Africa 安哥拉克拉通劳卡储层的诱发地震:焦点机制及其对非洲中西部应力场的影响
IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105327
Lucas Schirbel , Marcelo Assumpção , Francisco António Pereira Neto , George Sand França

We present the first case of reservoir induced seismicity (RIS) ever reported in the Angola Craton, Laúca reservoir. Impoundment of the reservoir began in late 2017 and seismicity started in March 2018 shortly after the water level reached 86 m. Earthquakes continued to be recorded in the following years, with 287 events detected between March/2018 and April/2024. The largest event had magnitude 3.0 ML. The dam is 156 m tall, and the total reservoir volume is 5,044.85 Hm3. The reservoir area is monitored by two stations, LAUC and ZERO. Seismic data is of high quality, with sharp P- and S-wave arrivals at both stations. We derive a half-space velocity model for the lake area using a composite Wadati diagram and minimization of travel time residuals and locate 90 events with arrivals at both stations. S-to-P converted phases at the surface were used to help constrain hypocentral depths and epicentral locations. We use waveform modeling to determine focal mechanisms for ten events using the program FMNEAR, and invert for the local stress field. We find the faulting regime in the area to be strike-slip and SHMax oriented roughly NE-SW. We compare our results to the broader stress field in western Central Africa and find them to be in agreement with nearby stress determinations from focal mechanisms in the Congo Basin. Our results make an important contribution to the state of knowledge of the stress field in western Central Africa, which can be taken into consideration in future geodynamic models of the Nubian plate as more data is gathered and help further our understanding of stress sources in this region.

我们介绍了安哥拉克拉通地区劳卡水库首次报告的水库诱发地震(RIS)案例。水库于 2017 年末开始蓄水,2018 年 3 月水位达到 86 米后不久便开始发生地震。最大的一次地震震级为 3.0 ML。大坝高 156 米,水库总容积为 5,044.85 立方米。库区由两个监测站(LAUC 和 ZERO)进行监测。地震数据质量很高,两个站点都有尖锐的 P 波和 S 波到达。我们利用综合瓦达蒂图和移动时间残差最小化推导出湖区的半空间速度模型,并确定了 90 个到达两个站点的事件。地表的 S-P 转换相位被用来帮助确定低中心深度和震中位置。我们利用波形建模,使用 FMNEAR 程序确定了 10 个事件的病灶机制,并对当地应力场进行了反演。我们发现该地区的断层机制为走向滑动,SHMax 走向大致为东北-西南。我们将我们的结果与中非西部更广泛的应力场进行了比较,发现它们与刚果盆地焦点机制的附近应力测定结果一致。我们的研究结果对了解中非西部的应力场做出了重要贡献,随着更多数据的收集,努比亚板块未来的地球动力学模型可以考虑这些数据,并有助于我们进一步了解该地区的应力源。
{"title":"Induced seismicity at the Laúca reservoir, Angola Craton: Focal mechanisms and implications for the stress field in Western Central Africa","authors":"Lucas Schirbel ,&nbsp;Marcelo Assumpção ,&nbsp;Francisco António Pereira Neto ,&nbsp;George Sand França","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present the first case of reservoir induced seismicity (RIS) ever reported in the Angola Craton, Laúca reservoir. Impoundment of the reservoir began in late 2017 and seismicity started in March 2018 shortly after the water level reached 86 m. Earthquakes continued to be recorded in the following years, with 287 events detected between March/2018 and April/2024. The largest event had magnitude 3.0 ML. The dam is 156 m tall, and the total reservoir volume is 5,044.85 Hm<sup>3</sup>. The reservoir area is monitored by two stations, LAUC and ZERO. Seismic data is of high quality, with sharp P- and S-wave arrivals at both stations. We derive a half-space velocity model for the lake area using a composite Wadati diagram and minimization of travel time residuals and locate 90 events with arrivals at both stations. S-to-P converted phases at the surface were used to help constrain hypocentral depths and epicentral locations. We use waveform modeling to determine focal mechanisms for ten events using the program FMNEAR, and invert for the local stress field. We find the faulting regime in the area to be strike-slip and SH<sub>Max</sub> oriented roughly NE-SW. We compare our results to the broader stress field in western Central Africa and find them to be in agreement with nearby stress determinations from focal mechanisms in the Congo Basin. Our results make an important contribution to the state of knowledge of the stress field in western Central Africa, which can be taken into consideration in future geodynamic models of the Nubian plate as more data is gathered and help further our understanding of stress sources in this region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimation of aquifer hydraulic parameters using geoelectric method in the Dukwi wellfields, northeastern Botswana 在博茨瓦纳东北部的 Dukwi 井田使用地质电法估算含水层水力参数
IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105328
Omphile Sidney Lekone , Nata T. Tafesse , Rubeni Tawanda Ranganai , Kebabonye Laletsang , R.B.M. Mapeo , Tebogo L. Masaka

A hydro-geophysical investigation was carried out in the northeastern parts of Botswana, in a wellfield called Dukwi, with the aim of estimating the aquifer hydraulic parameters employing the geo-electrical method. A Schlumberger electrode configuration of 16 vertical electrical soundings (VES) was carried out in the Dukwi Wellfield. The data were recorded with a maximum AB/2 spacing of 500 m and processed using the InterpexRESIXIPtm software. In addition, physicochemical parameter measurements were carried out for 19 groundwater samples in the field. Aquifer hydraulic parameters, like hydraulic conductivity (K) and transmissivity (T), were computed from the pumping test data. An interpretation was made using statistics, including linear regression analysis. The major aquifer is the Mea Arkose Formation, and its estimated hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity ranges from 15.4 to 47.3 m/day and 539.9–2113.9 m2/day, respectively. The aquifer transverse resistance (Tr) and longitudinal conductance (S) of the rocks overlying the aquifer ranges from 945 to 2440 Ωm2 and 1.5 to 9.7 Ω-1, respectively. The R2 value for the geo-electrical and pumping test K and T values are 0.689 and 0.896, respectively. The estimated K has a positive and strong correlation (R2 = 0.946) with the resistivity. A strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.892) is obtained between the estimated T and Tr of the aquifer. On the basis of these correlations, equations that relate the resistivity of the aquifer to its hydraulic parameters were formulated. These equations enable the evaluation of aquifer hydraulic parameters where there is a lack of pumping test data. Furthermore, these equations can be used in other parts of the country and in regions elsewhere that have similar geological and hydrogeological setups.

在博茨瓦纳东北部一个名为 Dukwi 的井场进行了一次水文地球物理调查,目的是利用地质电法估算含水层的水力参数。在 Dukwi 井场采用了斯伦贝谢公司的 16 个垂直电测深(VES)电极配置。数据记录的最大 AB/2 间距为 500 米,并使用 InterpexRESIXIPtm 软件进行处理。此外,还对 19 个实地地下水样本进行了理化参数测量。根据抽水试验数据计算了含水层水力参数,如水力传导率(K)和渗透率(T)。使用统计方法,包括线性回归分析,对数据进行了解释。主要含水层为美亚阿科斯地层,其估计导水率和渗透率分别为 15.4 至 47.3 米/天和 539.9 至 2113.9 平方米/天。含水层上覆岩石的横向阻力(Tr)和纵向电导率(S)分别为 945 至 2440 Ωm2 和 1.5 至 9.7 Ω-1。地电测试和抽水测试 K 值和 T 值的 R2 值分别为 0.689 和 0.896。估算的 K 值与电阻率有很强的正相关性 (R2 = 0.946)。估计的 T 值与含水层的 Tr 值之间也有很强的正相关性(R2 = 0.892)。根据这些相关性,制定了含水层电阻率与含水层水力参数的关系式。在缺乏抽水试验数据的情况下,通过这些方程可以评估含水层的水力参数。此外,这些方程还可用于该国其他地区和其他具有类似地质和水文地质条件的地区。
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引用次数: 0
Paleomagnetic evidence of early Pleistocene counterclockwise rotation in the Butajira volcanic zone, central Main Ethiopian rift 埃塞俄比亚中部主裂谷布塔吉拉火山区早更新世逆时针旋转的古地磁证据
IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105326
Netsanet Mulugeta , Tesfaye Kidane , Kahsay Nugsse , Geramu Fufa , Demise Tadessa , Ameha A. Muluneh

A total of 208 paleomagnetic core samples were collected from twenty-seven sites within the Butajira volcano chains of the central Main Ethiopian rift (MER), providing insights into tectonic rotation. Core samples were taken from ignimbrite (∼1.7–2.54Ma), basalt, and trachyte rock units (<1.6Ma) along the western margin of the central MER. Each core sample underwent analysis using twin specimens subjected to stepwise alternate field (AF) and thermal (Th) demagnetization techniques. Furthermore, a single specimen from every site was employed for rock-magnetic experiments. Detailed rock magnetic experiments identified titano-magnetite, magnetite, and hematite as the remanence carrier magnetic minerals. The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) directional analysis revealed two components:1) a low-stability (LS) component removed by low-temperature (<300 °C) and low-field (<20 mT) and 2) a high-stability (HS) with heating >300 °C or 20 mT increments showed vectors pointing to the plot's origin, indicative of the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM). All sites, except one, displayed reverse polarity NRM. The tilt-corrected mean direction calculated from 19 sites, yielded Do = 355.7°, Io = 9.9° (N = 19, K = 22.9, α95 = 7.3°), indicates a 6.2° ± 6.2° counterclockwise (CCW) tectonic rotation relative to the reference dipole geomagnetic field direction of 2Ma Dx = 1.9°, Ix = 15.5° (N = 32, K = 105.6, α95 = 2.5°) for stable Africa (Besse and Courtillot, 2003). The oblique rifting and pure-dip slip kinematics that characterize the border faults in the study area could have caused this minor counterclockwise rotation and agrees with analogue model prediction of Corti et al.,2013.

在埃塞俄比亚主断裂带(MER)中部布塔吉拉火山链的 27 个地点共采集了 208 个古地磁岩芯样本,为了解构造旋转提供了依据。岩芯样本取自埃塞俄比亚中部裂谷西缘的火成岩(1.7-2.54Ma)、玄武岩和砂岩单元(<1.6Ma)。每个岩芯样本都使用双试样进行分析,并采用分步交替场(AF)和热(Th)退磁技术。此外,每个地点的单个样本都被用于岩石磁性实验。详细的岩石磁性实验确定了钛磁铁矿、磁铁矿和赤铁矿为剩磁载体磁性矿物。自然剩磁(NRM)方向分析显示了两个成分:1)低温(300 °C)和低场(20 mT)去除的低稳定性(LS)成分;2)加热 300 °C或 20 mT 增量的高稳定性(HS)成分,其矢量指向图的原点,表明了特征剩磁(ChRM)。除一个位点外,所有位点都显示出反向极性 NRM。根据 19 个点位计算出的倾斜校正平均方向为 Do = 355.7°,Io = 9.9°(N = 19,K = 22.9,α95 = 7.3°),表明逆时针方向为 6.2° ± 6.相对于稳定非洲的参考偶极地磁场方向 2Ma Dx = 1.9°, Ix = 15.5° (N = 32, K = 105.6, α95 = 2.5°),逆时针(CCW)构造旋转 2° (Besse and Courtillot, 2003)。研究区域边界断层的斜向断裂和纯垂向滑动运动学特征可能导致了这种轻微的逆时针旋转,这与 Corti 等人 2013 年的模拟模型预测一致。
{"title":"Paleomagnetic evidence of early Pleistocene counterclockwise rotation in the Butajira volcanic zone, central Main Ethiopian rift","authors":"Netsanet Mulugeta ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Kidane ,&nbsp;Kahsay Nugsse ,&nbsp;Geramu Fufa ,&nbsp;Demise Tadessa ,&nbsp;Ameha A. Muluneh","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A total of 208 paleomagnetic core samples were collected from twenty-seven sites within the Butajira volcano chains of the central Main Ethiopian rift (MER), providing insights into tectonic rotation. Core samples were taken from ignimbrite (∼1.7–2.54Ma), basalt, and trachyte rock units (&lt;1.6Ma) along the western margin of the central MER. Each core sample underwent analysis using twin specimens subjected to stepwise alternate field (AF) and thermal (Th) demagnetization techniques. Furthermore, a single specimen from every site was employed for rock-magnetic experiments. Detailed rock magnetic experiments identified titano-magnetite, magnetite, and hematite as the remanence carrier magnetic minerals. The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) directional analysis revealed two components:1) a low-stability (LS) component removed by low-temperature (&lt;300 °C) and low-field (&lt;20 mT) and 2) a high-stability (HS) with heating &gt;300 °C or 20 mT increments showed vectors pointing to the plot's origin, indicative of the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM). All sites, except one, displayed reverse polarity NRM. The tilt-corrected mean direction calculated from 19 sites, yielded D<sub>o</sub> = 355.7°, I<sub>o</sub> = 9.9° (N = 19, K = 22.9, α<sub>95</sub> = 7.3°), indicates a 6.2° ± 6.2° counterclockwise (CCW) tectonic rotation relative to the reference dipole geomagnetic field direction of 2Ma D<sub>x</sub> = 1.9°, I<sub>x</sub> = 15.5° (N = 32, K = 105.6, α<sub>95</sub> = 2.5°) for stable Africa (Besse and Courtillot, 2003). The oblique rifting and pure-dip slip kinematics that characterize the border faults in the study area could have caused this minor counterclockwise rotation and agrees with analogue model prediction of Corti et al.,2013.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of African Earth Sciences
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