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THE PATH OF CYRIL AND METHODIUS – SPATIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORICAL DIMENSIONS最新文献

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EUROPEAN CULTURAL ROUTE OF SAINTS CYRIL AND METHODIUS 圣人西里尔和methodius的欧洲文化路线
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.25
Martina Janochova
The paper presents european cultural route of. SS Cyril and Methodius.
本文介绍了欧洲的文化路线。西里尔和麦多迪厄斯。
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引用次数: 1
ON THE RECEPTION OF THE CYRILO-METHODIAN WORK IN THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH IN THE 16th-18th CENTURIES (Notes with review of newly discovered old printed sources) 论16 -18世纪波兰立陶宛联邦对西里尔-卫理公会著作的接受(附注:对新发现的旧印刷资料的回顾)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.07
Jan Stradomski
The history of the life and deeds of SS Cyrill and Methodius and their missionary work is a motive in the old print booksfrom the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) in the 16-18th century. Various texts (of varying length, detail and credibility) confirm that the figures of the Brothers of Solun were known to Polish religious and historical writers and were highly respected. For Cyrillomethodian studies, it seems valuable to extract such materials and analyze them as they show the reception of the Cyrill and Methodius heritage over the centuries. The article presents a collection of new excerpts and comments on the Cyrillomethodean historical and religious story from old prints in Polish.
在16-18世纪来自波兰立陶宛联邦(Rzeczpospolita)的旧印刷书籍中,SS Cyrill和Methodius的生活和事迹以及他们的传教工作的历史是一个动机。各种文本(长度、细节和可信度各不相同)证实,波兰宗教和历史作家都知道梭伦兄弟的人物,并受到高度尊重。对于西里尔和梅奥多的研究来说,提取这些材料并进行分析似乎是有价值的,因为它们显示了几个世纪以来西里尔和梅奥多遗产的接受情况。文章提出了新的摘录和评论,从旧印刷在波兰的西里尔美索狄斯的历史和宗教故事的集合。
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引用次数: 0
INTERACTIVE MUSEUM OF CYRIL AND METHODIUS WORK AND TRADITIONS (An idea for creating a tourist destination on the Cyrillo-Methodian route) 西里尔和METHODIUS作品和传统互动博物馆(在西里尔- METHODIUS路线上创建一个旅游目的地的想法)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.24
T. Ilieva
The article presents the author‘s concept for creating an interactive museum of Cyril and Methodius work and traditions on the territory of Sofia. The relevance of the proposal is argued. The goals and tasks of such a future research, information and educational center, its structure, as well as the expected results for society from the realization of the idea are presented.
文章提出了作者的概念,即在索非亚领土上创建一个Cyril和Methodius作品和传统的互动博物馆。对这项建议的相关性进行了论证。提出了未来信息教育研究中心的目标和任务,信息教育中心的结构,以及实现这一理念对社会的预期效果。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE LITURGICAL LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL IDENTITY OF THE BYZANTINE-SLAVIC CHURCH IN THE HANDWRITTEN EDUCATIONAL MANUALS, IN THE 18TH CENTURY, UNDER THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS 18世纪喀尔巴阡山脉下手写教育手册中拜占庭-斯拉夫教会的礼仪语言和文化认同
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.18
P. Žeňuch
The Educational manuals, which were fully applied in the 18th and 19th centuries, were a substantial part of the educational and cultural formation of a man. They provided simplified answers to various religious questions, questions concerning biblical and ecclesiastical history, or even Christian morality. They also taught about the origin of church holidays, ceremonies and the origin of liturgical languages used in individual local churches. These interpretations have been contained in various educational or interpretative manuals and manuscript collections. The structure of these handbooks was an excellent tool for the successful education of local churches. The paper focuses on the characterization of selected scientific manuscripts from the 18th century, which provide a contemporary picture of knowledge related to the linguistic and liturgical tradition under the Carpathian Mountains, associated with the Cyril and Methodius heritage. Manuals with these educational dimensions were used in educational training and upbringings in the environment of the Mukachevo Greek Catholic Church, in the 18th century.
教育手册在18和19世纪得到了充分的应用,是一个人的教育和文化形成的重要组成部分。他们为各种宗教问题提供了简化的答案,这些问题涉及圣经和教会历史,甚至基督教道德。他们还教授了教会节日、仪式的起源,以及各个地方教会使用的礼拜语言的起源。这些解释已包含在各种教育或解释性手册和手稿收藏中。这些手册的结构是当地教会成功教育的绝佳工具。本文重点介绍了18世纪精选的科学手稿的特征,这些手稿提供了与喀尔巴阡山脉下的语言和礼仪传统有关的知识的当代图景,与西里尔和梅迪奥遗产有关。18世纪,在穆卡切沃希腊天主教会的环境中,这些具有教育意义的手册被用于教育培训和养育。
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引用次数: 0
KORMCHII DUSHAM BY EMPEROR LEO THE WISE IN THE EARLIER COLLECTIONS OF THE PRESCRIPTIONS FOR ASCETICS Kormchii dusham是由智者皇帝利奥在早期收集的给苦行僧的处方
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.14
D. Bulanin
Kormchii dusham is named the translation of the prescriptions for monks, which was compiled by Emperor Leo VI the Wise as a series of aphorisms and the interpretations to every one of them (Οἰακιστικὴ ψυχῶν ὑποτύπωσις). The translation is preserved in several East Slavic copies of the 14–17th centuries. The author’s name is omitted in the translation, as it is omitted in some Greek copies of the work. The translation represents a typical specimen of the most ancient period in the history of Slavic literature. A number of peculiar traits indicates that “Kormchii” can be counted among the writings of the 10th century, the “golden age” of Bulgarian literature. Most likely, the translation was made by somebody from the circle of Tsar Symeon. A comparative analysis of the copies brings to the conclusion that at an early stage of its development the translation gave birth to two hyparchetypes (G1, with an error, and G2, with an error corrected), they are preserved in the collections of two types. Each type includes its own selection of the texts, and each type belongs to one out of the two generations. G2, although it arose on the basis of G1, was preserved in the collections of the senior generation. “Kormchii” is placed there at the beginning of the set of contemporary translations similar to the “Kormchii” in their content and in their form. All of them are addressed to monks, and the appropriate teachings are shaped either in the compositions made of the short chapters, or in the series of excerpts taken from the lengthy Byzantine church writings (the “Menaia Izbornik”). The second type of collections belongs to the next generation, and it includes a number of new translations. “Kormchii” was included there from G1, and it is also placed at the beginning of the new formed book. The new transla245 tions are similar in genre and in structure to those that composed the “Menaia Izbornik”. Although the localization of the younger type of collections is not easy, it is most likely, that the progenitor of this book formed up as well within the Bulgarian literature of the “golden age”. The second type is interesting in that the compilers of the book sought to pass it off as the opus by Maximus the Confessor. Maximus is acknowledged here as the author of “Kormchii”. The copy of “Kormchii” in the West Russian manuscript Mazurin, No. 616 is very important. The copy contains the readings of the translation before its text was divided into G1 and G2. In addition, the manuscript demonstrates how the title of “Kormchii dusham” gradually expanded its function. Already in the older and younger types of collections, the title was applied not only to the work of Leo the Wise, but also to the book as a whole. In Mazurin codex, it is used as a standard designation of any book with short commandments for monks, and for all pious Christians. The mutual influence of the descendants of G1 and G2 does not allow to follow the text evolution of “Kormchii” step by step. Nevert
Kormchii dusham被命名为僧侣处方的翻译,这是由皇帝利奥六世编纂的一系列格言和对每一条格言的解释(Ο ι ακιστικ ν ν χ ω ν Ο τ τ ωσις)。该译本保存在14 - 17世纪的几个东斯拉夫版本中。翻译中省略了作者的名字,因为在一些希腊版本中省略了作者的名字。该译本是斯拉夫文学史上最古老时期的典型代表。一些独特的特征表明,“Kormchii”可以算作10世纪的作品,保加利亚文学的“黄金时代”。最有可能的是,这个翻译是由沙皇西蒙身边的人做的。对这些拷贝的比较分析得出结论,在其发育的早期阶段,翻译产生了两个超型(G1,有一个错误,G2,有一个错误纠正),它们被保存在两个类型的集合中。每种类型都有自己的文本选择,每种类型都属于两代中的一个。G2虽然是在G1的基础上产生的,但却保存在老一辈的收藏品中。《Kormchii》被放在当代译本的开头,在内容和形式上都与《Kormchii》相似。所有这些书都是写给僧侣的,适当的教义要么是由简短的章节组成的,要么是从拜占庭冗长的教会著作(“Menaia Izbornik”)中摘录的一系列节选。第二种类型的集合属于下一代,它包括一些新的翻译。“Kormchii”从G1开始就被包括在那里,它也被放在新形成的书的开头。这些新译本在体裁和结构上与那些组成《梅纳亚·伊兹博尼克》的译本相似。虽然年轻类型的集合的本地化是不容易的,这是最有可能的,这本书的祖先形成,以及在保加利亚文学的“黄金时代”。第二种类型很有趣,因为这本书的编纂者试图把它当作忏悔者马克西姆斯的作品。马克西姆斯在这里被认为是《Kormchii》的作者。西俄手稿《马祖林》第616号中的《柯尔姆契伊》抄本十分重要。该副本包含翻译文本被分为G1和G2之前的阅读。此外,手稿还展示了“Kormchii dusham”的标题是如何逐渐扩展其功能的。在较老的和较年轻的藏书中,这个标题不仅适用于智者利奥的作品,而且也适用于整本书。在马祖林法典中,它被用作僧侣和所有虔诚基督徒的简短戒律的任何书籍的标准名称。G1和G2后代的相互影响,不允许遵循“Kormchii”的逐级文本演变。然而,现存的译本为重建这一鲜为人知的保加利亚文学丰碑提供了可靠的基础。
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引用次数: 0
THE FIFTH SLAVIC SIEGE OF THESSALONIKI 第五次斯拉夫人围攻塞萨洛尼基
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.16
Kamen Stanev
The fifth Slavic siege of Thessaloniki took place in 676 – 678 and it shows that the relationship between the Slavic tribes and Byzantium, as well as between the Slavic tribes themselves, is much more complex than is traditionally presented in the historiography. The hostile actions of the slavs against the city can be divided into two periods. In the first stage participated the Rhynchines, Strymonites and Sagudates. During this period, in Thessaloniki, as Byzantine allies, there was also a Slavic squad, without specifying which tribe it was from. The fact that the Dragovites, who lived west of the city during this period, are not among the tribes fighting with Thessaloniki shows that perhaps it is from them the slavs in question, allies of the Byzanatines.This is also the reason why the first two years there is no real siege, only separate attacks on land and sea. At one point, the Slavic squad, which was helping Thessaloniki, turned against the Byzantines. This is the moment when the Draguvites appear among the tribes invading the city and at the same time move to a classic siege using siege machines. After the failure of the siege, the Draguvites fell into some form of dependence on the empire, and over the next two centuries there was no evidence of hostilities between them and the Byzantines. In contrast, the Strymonites and Rhynchines continued their raids for another decade.
第五次斯拉夫人围攻塞萨洛尼基发生在676年至678年,这表明斯拉夫部落与拜占庭之间,以及斯拉夫部落之间的关系,比传统史学中所呈现的要复杂得多。奴隶对城市的敌对行动可以分为两个时期。第一阶段是林契人、史特赖门人和萨戈达人参加的。在此期间,在塞萨洛尼基,作为拜占庭的盟友,也有一支斯拉夫小队,没有说明它来自哪个部落。这一时期居住在城市西部的德拉戈维特人,并不在与塞萨洛尼基作战的部落之列,这一事实表明,可能是他们的奴隶,拜占庭人的盟友。这也是为什么头两年没有真正的围攻,只有陆地和海上的单独攻击。有一次,帮助塞萨洛尼基的斯拉夫小队背叛了拜占庭人。这是德拉古威人在入侵城市的部落中出现的时刻,同时他们开始使用攻城机进行经典的攻城战。围攻失败后,德拉古威人陷入了某种形式的对帝国的依赖,在接下来的两个世纪里,没有证据表明他们与拜占庭人之间存在敌意。相比之下,斯特利蒙人和林契纳人的掠夺又持续了十年。
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引用次数: 0
THE THEME OF CYRIL AND METHODIUS IN THE WALL-PAINTINGS AT THE ARAPOVO MONASTERY 阿拉波沃修道院壁画的主题是西里尔和methodius
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.22
Totka Grigorova
The following paper is an attempt at a complete analysis of the theme of Cyril and Methodius in the iconography at the Arapovo Monastery. In 1864 in the cella of the “St. Nedeliya” church, ten paintings, depicting the work of the Slavic teachers, were painted. They have been examined numerous times over the years, but different publications offer different interpretations of depiction for each of the scenes. The paper presents the current condition, as well as content, of said depictions. An attempt has been made to provide a background for the scenes depicted, based on available texts from the 19th century. One of the paintings depicts St. Cyril as the one who converted the Bulgarian ruler to Christianity, which contradicts the legend of Methodius, that was popular during the Bulgarian National Revival. The depiction of St. Cyril in this role could be based on “The Legend of Thessalonica” (better known in Bulgarian as “Solun”), “The Dormition of Cyril” and “The Czech Legend”, which were available in publications dating from the early 19th century. The examples lead to the conclusion that the switch of roles in the conversion scene was an intentional choice, representing the patriotic understandings of young painter Georgi Danchov regarding the fight for an independent church which was occurring during that decade. A thematically identical scene, which depicts St. Methodius in the role of baptizer, was painted in the monastery’s holy spring. The paper also provides an image with initials present, according to which, the painting was done in 1870 by Aleksi Atanasov. It depicts the Thessalonica Brothers as they are compiling the alphabet, surrounded by their pupils. There are nine people present, as opposed to the usual seven, usually referred to as the “Seven Saints”. A brochure, put out in 1857 by the bishop Polycarp, provides an explanation for that number. In publications from 1988 and 2008, there are mentions of painted figures, identified as St. Cyril and St. Methodius. These depictions serve as basis for two hypotheses for identifying them that the paper explores. The more likely of the two is the one that connects these depictions to St. Cyril and St. Athanasius of Alexandria. The monastery’s katholikon features depictions of St. Cyril and St. Methodius at the southern entrance, as well as two icons, signed by Georgi Danchov in 1866 and Nikola Danchov in 1871.
本文试图对阿拉波沃修道院的圣像学中西里尔和摩多迪乌斯的主题进行全面分析。1864年,在“圣内德利亚”教堂的地下室里,绘制了十幅描绘斯拉夫教师工作的画作。多年来,人们对它们进行了无数次的研究,但不同的出版物对每个场景的描述提供了不同的解释。本文介绍了上述描述的现状和内容。作者试图根据19世纪的文本为所描绘的场景提供背景。其中一幅画将圣西里尔描绘成使保加利亚统治者皈依基督教的人,这与保加利亚民族复兴期间流行的梅多迪乌斯的传说相矛盾。圣西里尔在这一角色中的描述可以基于《塞萨洛尼卡传说》(在保加利亚语中更广为人知的是《索伦》)、《西里尔的安息》和《捷克传说》,这些可以在19世纪初的出版物中找到。这些例子可以得出结论,转换场景中的角色转换是一个有意的选择,代表了年轻画家Georgi Danchov对那个十年中发生的独立教会斗争的爱国理解。一个主题相同的场景,描绘了圣梅多迪乌斯在施洗者的角色,被画在修道院的圣泉。论文还提供了一幅带有首字母的图像,根据该图像,这幅画是由阿列克谢·阿塔纳索夫于1870年完成的。它描绘了帖撒罗尼迦兄弟在他们的学生包围下编纂字母表。有九个人在场,而不是通常的七个人,通常被称为“七圣徒”。1857年,波利卡普主教出版了一本小册子,为这个数字提供了解释。在1988年和2008年的出版物中,提到了被确定为圣西里尔和圣梅多迪乌斯的绘画人物。这些描述作为两个假设的基础,以确定他们的论文探讨。两者中更有可能的是将这些描绘与圣西里尔和亚历山大的圣亚他那修联系起来。修道院的katholikon在南入口处描绘了圣西里尔和圣梅多迪乌斯,以及两个圣像,分别由Georgi Danchov于1866年和Nikola Danchov于1871年签署。
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引用次数: 0
INFORMATION ABOUT CYRIL AND METHODIUS IN RUSSIAN CHRONOLOGICAL WORKS 关于西里尔和methodius在俄罗斯按时间顺序的作品的信息
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.12
D. Petrova
The creation of the Slavic alphabet is one of the key events in Slavic history, which found a place in a number of Russian historical works from the Tale of Bygone Years to the Russian Chronograph. The story Legend of book offerings, based on Bulgarian hagiographic works, is widespread. The Tale of the Baptism of the Russians, included in several Russian chronicles, speaks of a philosopher overlapping with St. Cyril, who spoke with Prince Vladimir. In some editions of the Chronograph, the text On the Proposed Books appears, borrowed from the Life of St. Cyril in the Simple Prologue. Texts of the „sum of years“ type also note the christening of the Bulgarians and the creation of the Slavic alphabet. Cyril and Methodius are presented as Slavic first teachers and saints, and their work is significant for the whole Orthodox world. In earlier writings, the two brothers were named only by their names, while in later writings they were called saints and philosophers. Methodius stays out of the interest of writers, only in the Russian Chronograph his name is again placed on a par with that of Cyril.
斯拉夫字母的创造是斯拉夫历史上的关键事件之一,在俄罗斯的许多历史著作中都有一席之地,从《逝去的岁月》到《俄罗斯计时表》。故事传说的书,基于保加利亚的圣徒作品,是普遍存在的。俄罗斯人受洗的故事,收录在几部俄罗斯编年史中,谈到一位哲学家与圣西里尔重叠,他与弗拉基米尔王子交谈。在某些版本的编年表中,出现了“建议的书”的文本,借用了《简单的序言》中的《圣西里尔的生活》。“年数总和”类型的文本还记录了保加利亚人的洗礼和斯拉夫字母的创造。西里尔和麦多迪乌斯被认为是斯拉夫的第一位教师和圣人,他们的工作对整个东正教世界都很重要。在早期的著作中,这两兄弟只被称为他们的名字,而在后来的著作中,他们被称为圣人和哲学家。梅托迪乌斯远离了作家的兴趣,只有在俄罗斯编年史中,他的名字再次与西里尔相提并论。
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引用次数: 0
БЕЛЕЖКИ ЗА ЦЪРКОВНАТА ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ НА БЪЛГАРИЯ СЛЕД ПОКРЪСТВАНЕТО
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.03
Dimo Cheshmedzhiev
The article examines some questions regarding the initial eparchial division of the Bulgarian Church. An attitude is taken, both on the issue of the localization and identification of some of the dioceses soon after the Christianisation of Bulgaria, and on the question of control over them. The existing ideas in the historiography about direct control of the Patriarchate of Constantinople over part of the Bulgarian dioceses are rejected.
文章探讨了有关保加利亚教会最初主教区划分的一些问题。文章对保加利亚基督教化后不久一些教区的定位和识别问题,以及对这些教区的控制问题都采取了一种态度。史学界关于君士坦丁堡牧首辖区直接控制部分保加利亚教区的现有观点遭到了反对。
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引用次数: 0
THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF SAINTS CYRIL AND METHODIUS IN GREECE (THESSALONIKI). PLANS AND PROPOSALS 希腊(塞萨洛尼基)圣人西里尔和摩多迪乌斯的历史和文化遗产。计划及建议
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.02
Angeliki Delikari
The feast day of Saints Cyril and Methodius in the Liturgical Calendar of the Metropolis of Thessaloniki was first introduced in 1957. Until then a large number of Greek people had been unaware of the important role of the two saints and their accomplishments. Through initiatives (educational programs, workshops, summer schools, seminars and public lectures, broadcasts on radio and television, in newspapers and magazines) a larger part of the Greek population must be informed and made aware of the two Saints. In recent years there has been a tendency to dedicate monuments in memory of the Saints’ work in the city of Thessaloniki (the mosaic monument in the shape of a book on the grounds of the church of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Thessaloniki, the cross of Cyril and Methodius on the New Promenade of the town and the statue of Saints Cyril and Methodius in the Park of Slovakia, etc.). The establishment of the Centre for the Study of the Cultural Heritage of Cyril and Methodius in Thessaloniki (www.kyrillos-methodios.gr) served the need to promote research into the life and work of Saints Cyril and Methodius both in Greece and abroad. Among other publications of the Centre is the publication of the journal Cyrillomethodianum (www.kyrillos-methodios.gr/cyrillomethodianum/).
1957年,塞萨洛尼基大都会礼仪日历中首次介绍了圣徒西里尔和梅多迪乌斯的节日。在此之前,很多希腊人都不知道这两位圣人的重要作用和他们的成就。通过各种倡议(教育计划、工作坊、暑期学校、研讨会和公开演讲、广播和电视广播、报纸和杂志),必须让更多的希腊人了解并认识两位圣徒。近年来,在塞萨洛尼基市有一种为纪念圣徒的工作而建造纪念碑的趋势(塞萨洛尼基圣徒西里尔和梅托迪乌斯教堂地面上的一本书形状的马赛克纪念碑,城镇新长廊上的西里尔和梅托迪乌斯十字架,斯洛伐克公园里的圣徒西里尔和梅托迪乌斯雕像,等等)。塞萨洛尼基西里尔和梅托迪乌斯文化遗产研究中心(www.kyrillos-methodios.gr)的建立是为了在希腊和国外促进对圣徒西里尔和梅托迪乌斯的生活和工作的研究。该中心的其他出版物包括《Cyrillomethodianum》杂志(www.kyrillos-methodios.gr/cyrillomethodianum/)。
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引用次数: 0
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THE PATH OF CYRIL AND METHODIUS – SPATIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORICAL DIMENSIONS
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