Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.30799/JACS.200.19050204
S. Mamuru, O. O. Joseph, Moorey B. Dalen, Iliya Kaigamma, A. E. Eseyin
The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Mangifera indica leaf extract as reducing agent was successfully carried out. The usual microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as UV-vis., FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM were used to confirm the formation of nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles absorb light at wavelength of approximately 425 nm as confirmed by UV- visible spectroscopy. Optical property showed a colour change from colourless solution of silver nitrate to yellowish brown after addition of the plant extract. The FTIR confirmed the possible biomolecule responsible for the reduction of the silver nitrate solution as belonging to the amide and ester group. Interrogation of Pt/AgNP electrode for ascorbic acid oxidation using cyclic voltammetry suggests that the silver nanoparticles can be a promising candidate as biosensor for ascorbic acid detection.
{"title":"Mangifera indica Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles as An Efficient Electrochemical Sensor for The Detection of Ascorbic Acid","authors":"S. Mamuru, O. O. Joseph, Moorey B. Dalen, Iliya Kaigamma, A. E. Eseyin","doi":"10.30799/JACS.200.19050204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JACS.200.19050204","url":null,"abstract":"The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Mangifera indica leaf extract as reducing agent was successfully carried out. The usual microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as UV-vis., FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM were used to confirm the formation of nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles absorb light at wavelength of approximately 425 nm as confirmed by UV- visible spectroscopy. Optical property showed a colour change from colourless solution of silver nitrate to yellowish brown after addition of the plant extract. The FTIR confirmed the possible biomolecule responsible for the reduction of the silver nitrate solution as belonging to the amide and ester group. Interrogation of Pt/AgNP electrode for ascorbic acid oxidation using cyclic voltammetry suggests that the silver nanoparticles can be a promising candidate as biosensor for ascorbic acid detection.","PeriodicalId":14902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85764575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-10DOI: 10.30799/JACS.210.19050202
Patil Komal Lalsing
In the present paper adsorption technique was employed for the removal of heavy metal Ni(II). The heavy metals are important for proper functioning of biological systems but their deficiency or excess lead to a large number of disorders. Industrial effluents discharged contain higher amount of heavy metals such as Ni, Cd, Hg, Cr and Cu. In this research article low cost and eco-friendly coconut leaves powder as a bioadsorbent were employed for the removal of Ni(II) from industrial wastewater. The batch adsorption study were conducted for the removal of Ni(II) along with different parametric studies of Initial concentration of nickel metal, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and temperature. The coconut leaves powder bioadsorbent as an experimental research was applied for the systematic and effective investigation to determine the optimal conditions of the operation variables. The employed coconut leaves powder (CLP) bioadsorbent gives positive results, the adsorption of Ni(II) is very rapid and most of fixation occurs at first 15 minutes. The adsorption kinetics obeys second order kinetic. The CLP adsorbent were characterized by SEM analysis before and after treatment, which shows sufficient adsorption of Ni(II) on CLP. The result suggests that coconut leaves powder bioadsorbent can be beneficial in Ni(II) removal from the contaminated water.
{"title":"Rapid Removal of Nickel(II) by Coconut Leaves Powder as Bioadsorbent","authors":"Patil Komal Lalsing","doi":"10.30799/JACS.210.19050202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JACS.210.19050202","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper adsorption technique was employed for the removal of heavy metal Ni(II). The heavy metals are important for proper functioning of biological systems but their deficiency or excess lead to a large number of disorders. Industrial effluents discharged contain higher amount of heavy metals such as Ni, Cd, Hg, Cr and Cu. In this research article low cost and eco-friendly coconut leaves powder as a bioadsorbent were employed for the removal of Ni(II) from industrial wastewater. The batch adsorption study were conducted for the removal of Ni(II) along with different parametric studies of Initial concentration of nickel metal, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and temperature. The coconut leaves powder bioadsorbent as an experimental research was applied for the systematic and effective investigation to determine the optimal conditions of the operation variables. The employed coconut leaves powder (CLP) bioadsorbent gives positive results, the adsorption of Ni(II) is very rapid and most of fixation occurs at first 15 minutes. The adsorption kinetics obeys second order kinetic. The CLP adsorbent were characterized by SEM analysis before and after treatment, which shows sufficient adsorption of Ni(II) on CLP. The result suggests that coconut leaves powder bioadsorbent can be beneficial in Ni(II) removal from the contaminated water.","PeriodicalId":14902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85697972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-10DOI: 10.30799/JACS.208.19050201
F. Barakat, N. F. A. Salam
Gypsum panels and blocks represent a good economical method for the manufacture of partitions and walls, since the raw material cost as well as the labor cost are cheap, besides the ease of decoration. Their main drawbacks are the high-water permeability and their poor mechanical strength. In the present paper, polypropylene (PP) fibers were blended with plaster in an attempt to improve the properties of these products. It was found that the addition of PP fibers reduces the porosity, decreases the setting time and enhances the mechanical strength. The optimum composition was found to consist of plaster blended with 50% water, 10% sand and 500 g/m3 PP fibers of length 30 – 50 mm.
{"title":"Effect of Addition of Polypropylene Fibers on The Properties of Gypsum Blocks","authors":"F. Barakat, N. F. A. Salam","doi":"10.30799/JACS.208.19050201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JACS.208.19050201","url":null,"abstract":"Gypsum panels and blocks represent a good economical method for the manufacture of partitions and walls, since the raw material cost as well as the labor cost are cheap, besides the ease of decoration. Their main drawbacks are the high-water permeability and their poor mechanical strength. In the present paper, polypropylene (PP) fibers were blended with plaster in an attempt to improve the properties of these products. It was found that the addition of PP fibers reduces the porosity, decreases the setting time and enhances the mechanical strength. The optimum composition was found to consist of plaster blended with 50% water, 10% sand and 500 g/m3 PP fibers of length 30 – 50 mm.","PeriodicalId":14902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83093963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-07DOI: 10.30799/jacs.183.18040404
D. Giles, V. Saiprabha, G. Yeshna
The present work deals with the design of 7-azaindole derivatives for its Raf-B inhibition. All the designed compounds follows Lipinski’s rule of five. In silico ADME predictions of all the designed compounds suggests that none of the compounds have problem with bioavailability. The compounds were designed on the binding affinity towards the Raf-B inhibition. It was observed that few of the designed compounds were found to have significant interaction with the active site of the receptor. The compounds possessing 3-hydroxyl-2-methyl as substitution in chalcone was found to possess maximum docking score than other designed compounds.
{"title":"Design of Chalcones of 7-Azaindole as Raf-B Inhibitors","authors":"D. Giles, V. Saiprabha, G. Yeshna","doi":"10.30799/jacs.183.18040404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/jacs.183.18040404","url":null,"abstract":"The present work deals with the design of 7-azaindole derivatives for its Raf-B inhibition. All the designed compounds follows Lipinski’s rule of five. In silico ADME predictions of all the designed compounds suggests that none of the compounds have problem with bioavailability. The compounds were designed on the binding affinity towards the Raf-B inhibition. It was observed that few of the designed compounds were found to have significant interaction with the active site of the receptor. The compounds possessing 3-hydroxyl-2-methyl as substitution in chalcone was found to possess maximum docking score than other designed compounds.","PeriodicalId":14902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83178669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-05DOI: 10.30799/JACS.199.18040403
H. Rahaman, K. Sarkar, Debasmita Das, Mahendra Nath Roy
The apparent molar volume (ϕV) and viscosity B-coefficient of N-methyl glycine of 0.01 M, 0.02 M and 0.03 M aqueous solutions have been estimated in presence of paracetamol at three temperatures namely 298.15 K, 303.15 K and 308.15 K from physicochemical study such as density (ρ) and viscosity (η) and refractive index measurements and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The volumetric study was employed to evaluate limiting apparent molar volumes (ϕ V 0 ) and experimental slopes (S V *) by using Masson equation for explaining solute–solvent and solute–solute interactions, respectively. The nature of group interactions between the solute, solvent and co-solute have been examined from limiting apparent molar volumes of transfer (Δϕ V 0 ) values. The viscosity data were employed to determine viscosity A and B coefficients from Jones–Dole equation and the resulting parameters were used to examine the solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions in the solutions. Molar refraction values calculated from refractive indices by applying Lorentz–Lorenz equation were used to depict the intermolecular interactions between N-methyl glycine and paracetamol in their aqueous solution. However, the 1 H NMR spectroscopy supports the existence of diverse interactions concretely.
通过对n -甲基甘氨酸在298.15 K、303.15 K和308.15 K三种温度下的表观摩尔体积(ϕV)和粘度b系数的物理化学研究，如密度(ρ)、粘度(η)、折射率测量和1h NMR光谱，估计了0.01 M、0.02 M和0.03 M水溶液中n -甲基甘氨酸的表观摩尔体积(ϕV)和粘度b系数。体积学研究采用Masson方程分别解释溶质-溶剂和溶质-溶质相互作用，以评估极限表观摩尔体积(φ V 0)和实验斜率(S V *)。溶质、溶剂和共溶质之间的基团相互作用的性质已经从极限表观转移摩尔体积(Δϕ v0)值进行了检验。利用粘度数据从Jones-Dole方程确定粘度A和B系数，并利用所得参数考察溶液中溶质-溶质和溶质-溶剂的相互作用。应用Lorentz-Lorenz方程计算了n -甲基甘氨酸和对乙酰氨基酚在水溶液中的分子间相互作用。然而，1h核磁共振光谱具体地支持了多种相互作用的存在。
{"title":"Diverse Interactions of N-Methyl Glycine in Aqueous Paracetamol Solution with the Manifestation of Solvation Consequences","authors":"H. Rahaman, K. Sarkar, Debasmita Das, Mahendra Nath Roy","doi":"10.30799/JACS.199.18040403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JACS.199.18040403","url":null,"abstract":"The apparent molar volume (ϕV) and viscosity B-coefficient of N-methyl glycine of 0.01 M, 0.02 M and 0.03 M aqueous solutions have been estimated in presence of paracetamol at three temperatures namely 298.15 K, 303.15 K and 308.15 K from physicochemical study such as density (ρ) and viscosity (η) and refractive index measurements and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The volumetric study was employed to evaluate limiting apparent molar volumes (ϕ V 0 ) and experimental slopes (S V *) by using Masson equation for explaining solute–solvent and solute–solute interactions, respectively. The nature of group interactions between the solute, solvent and co-solute have been examined from limiting apparent molar volumes of transfer (Δϕ V 0 ) values. The viscosity data were employed to determine viscosity A and B coefficients from Jones–Dole equation and the resulting parameters were used to examine the solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions in the solutions. Molar refraction values calculated from refractive indices by applying Lorentz–Lorenz equation were used to depict the intermolecular interactions between N-methyl glycine and paracetamol in their aqueous solution. However, the 1 H NMR spectroscopy supports the existence of diverse interactions concretely.","PeriodicalId":14902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77201482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.30799/JACS.198.18040402
P. Zé, C. Tsamo, R. Kamga
Due to their chemical and mineralogical properties bauxites are composites with multiple applications. In this work, the properties of bauxite collected from Minim-Martap and its extracted alumina were evaluated. Alumina was extracted by adapting the Bayer process at laboratory scale while the characteristics of bauxite and alumina were variably characterized by determining the particle size distribution, relative humidity, loss on ignition, pH, EC, CEC, PZC, XRD, IR, and DSC-TGA. These results show that Minim-Martap bauxite gray bauxite with easily extractable alumina. This bauxite is acidic with a pH of 6.05, PZC of 6.91 and CEC of 15 Meq/100 g which is closer to that of kaolinite clays. This result was confirm by XRD which shows two types of kaolinites: Al2Si2O5(OH)4 with 83.24% and H4Al2Si2O9 with 42.47%, mullite Al2.25Si0.75O4.875 with 67.32%, gibbsite (H2SiO4) with 83.92%. The bauxite is hydroscopic as evident from its humidity results. The IR spectroscopy of bauxite and alumina shows the presence of Al-OH and Si-OH which increase with acid treatment. Minim-martap bauxite and its extracted alumina can be used as raw materials for many industrial processes because of the different properties they possess as revealed by this study.
{"title":"Characterization of Minim-Martap Bauxite and Its Extracted Alumina","authors":"P. Zé, C. Tsamo, R. Kamga","doi":"10.30799/JACS.198.18040402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JACS.198.18040402","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their chemical and mineralogical properties bauxites are composites with multiple applications. In this work, the properties of bauxite collected from Minim-Martap and its extracted alumina were evaluated. Alumina was extracted by adapting the Bayer process at laboratory scale while the characteristics of bauxite and alumina were variably characterized by determining the particle size distribution, relative humidity, loss on ignition, pH, EC, CEC, PZC, XRD, IR, and DSC-TGA. These results show that Minim-Martap bauxite gray bauxite with easily extractable alumina. This bauxite is acidic with a pH of 6.05, PZC of 6.91 and CEC of 15 Meq/100 g which is closer to that of kaolinite clays. This result was confirm by XRD which shows two types of kaolinites: Al2Si2O5(OH)4 with 83.24% and H4Al2Si2O9 with 42.47%, mullite Al2.25Si0.75O4.875 with 67.32%, gibbsite (H2SiO4) with 83.92%. The bauxite is hydroscopic as evident from its humidity results. The IR spectroscopy of bauxite and alumina shows the presence of Al-OH and Si-OH which increase with acid treatment. Minim-martap bauxite and its extracted alumina can be used as raw materials for many industrial processes because of the different properties they possess as revealed by this study.","PeriodicalId":14902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83636695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.30799/JACS.196.18040401
E. G. Al-Sakkari, S. El-Sheltawy, A. Soliman, I. Ismail
Biodiesel is an alternative liquid biofuel consists of a mixture of methyl or ethyl esters. It can be produced through transesterification where low molecular weight alcohol (e.g. methanol or ethanol) reacts with lipid or fat (triglyceride) to produce biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester FAME) and glycerol as a valuable byproduct. The most common method of biodiesel production is base catalyzed transesterification where alkaline material such as potassium hydroxide is used as a catalyst. This paper presents a suggested new process design of a biodiesel plant that treats about 24 tons/ day of low free fatty acids, FFA, waste vegetable oil and WVO.
{"title":"Methanolysis of Low FFA Waste Vegetable Oil using Homogeneous Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production: New Process Design","authors":"E. G. Al-Sakkari, S. El-Sheltawy, A. Soliman, I. Ismail","doi":"10.30799/JACS.196.18040401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JACS.196.18040401","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is an alternative liquid biofuel consists of a mixture of methyl or ethyl esters. It can be produced through transesterification where low molecular weight alcohol (e.g. methanol or ethanol) reacts with lipid or fat (triglyceride) to produce biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester FAME) and glycerol as a valuable byproduct. The most common method of biodiesel production is base catalyzed transesterification where alkaline material such as potassium hydroxide is used as a catalyst. This paper presents a suggested new process design of a biodiesel plant that treats about 24 tons/ day of low free fatty acids, FFA, waste vegetable oil and WVO.","PeriodicalId":14902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90942710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-27DOI: 10.30799/JACS.188.18040304
Saisanthosh Vamshi Harsha Madiraju, Y. Hung, Howard H. Paul
This study shows the treatment of combined binary mixture of Acid Orange 74 and sugar wastewater with peanut hull and orange peel as low-cost adsorbents. The performance of a combined adsorption-microfiltration process for the color removal is measured and compared using transmittance and absorbance indices at mechanical shaker mix level. This selected treatment procedure is among one of the most economical treatment alternatives to all technologies present now. The parameters studied during this research are analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models on low cost adsorbents. Conclusive results after the treatment are indicated in this paper at their optimum dosages and sizes. This treatment method is applicable in the actual conditions at territory treatment stage.
{"title":"Treatment of Acid Orange 74 Wastewater and Sugar Wastewater by Low Cost Adsorbents","authors":"Saisanthosh Vamshi Harsha Madiraju, Y. Hung, Howard H. Paul","doi":"10.30799/JACS.188.18040304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JACS.188.18040304","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows the treatment of combined binary mixture of Acid Orange 74 and sugar wastewater with peanut hull and orange peel as low-cost adsorbents. The performance of a combined adsorption-microfiltration process for the color removal is measured and compared using transmittance and absorbance indices at mechanical shaker mix level. This selected treatment procedure is among one of the most economical treatment alternatives to all technologies present now. The parameters studied during this research are analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models on low cost adsorbents. Conclusive results after the treatment are indicated in this paper at their optimum dosages and sizes. This treatment method is applicable in the actual conditions at territory treatment stage.","PeriodicalId":14902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75326197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-27DOI: 10.30799/JACS.195.18040305
E. G. Al-Sakkari, S. El-Sheltawy, A. Soliman, I. Ismail
The most common method of biodiesel production is base catalyzed transesterification where alkaline materials, such as potassium hydroxide, are used as a catalyst. This paper presents a study of factors affecting biodiesel production from low free fatty acids (FFA) content waste vegetable oil through base catalyzed transesterification as well as the optimum reaction conditions. The optimum conditions were found to be a time of 60 min, catalyst loading of 1% of oil mass, mixing speed of 400 rpm and temperature of 65 °C. It also introduces a kinetic study of this reaction to determine the best model to fit the experimental data. First order model was found to be the best one to fit the early reaction stages while the second order model was the best to describe reaction kinetics in later stages. The stability of produced biodiesel was studied through determination of acid value and viscosity of stored biodiesel along three months.
{"title":"Transesterification of Low FFA Waste Vegetable Oil using Homogeneous Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production: Optimization, Kinetics and Product Stability","authors":"E. G. Al-Sakkari, S. El-Sheltawy, A. Soliman, I. Ismail","doi":"10.30799/JACS.195.18040305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JACS.195.18040305","url":null,"abstract":"The most common method of biodiesel production is base catalyzed transesterification where alkaline materials, such as potassium hydroxide, are used as a catalyst. This paper presents a study of factors affecting biodiesel production from low free fatty acids (FFA) content waste vegetable oil through base catalyzed transesterification as well as the optimum reaction conditions. The optimum conditions were found to be a time of 60 min, catalyst loading of 1% of oil mass, mixing speed of 400 rpm and temperature of 65 °C. It also introduces a kinetic study of this reaction to determine the best model to fit the experimental data. First order model was found to be the best one to fit the early reaction stages while the second order model was the best to describe reaction kinetics in later stages. The stability of produced biodiesel was studied through determination of acid value and viscosity of stored biodiesel along three months.","PeriodicalId":14902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83667783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-19DOI: 10.30799/JACS.191.18040303
Y. G. Kondarage, H. Pitawala, T. Kirushanthi, D. Edirisinghe, T. Etampawala
Large amounts of fired ceramic waste produced in ceramic industry do not have a proper method to reuse and mainly thrown away into landfills since fired ceramics have already been sintered and thus their utilization as a raw material is limited. However, these solid wastes have a major environmental and economic concern. Thus, a proper management of such solid wastes is eminent. This research is dedicated to evaluating the possibility of using such ceramic waste as a low-cost filler material in the manufacture of natural rubber based composites. Ceramic particles smaller than 125 μm were selected initially for the preparation natural rubber based composites. For the latter part of the study, particles in sub-micrometer length scales were used. Elemental analyses and composition of the phases of the ceramic particles were determined by X-ray fluorescence and diffraction respectively. The average particle size was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surfaces of the sub micrometer size ceramic particles were modified using Silane69 coupling agent. The surface modification was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Natural rubber based composites were prepared with different levels of ceramic filler loadings. The mechanical properties of the composites such as hardness, resilience, compression set, abrasion volume loss and tensile properties were evaluated. These properties of the composites were compared with those of the composites prepared according to the same formulation except the ceramic filler (control). The composites were found to have an exciting enhancement of mechanical properties with respect to the control. The mechanical property improvement is higher when the ball milled sub-micrometer size ceramic filler is used and it is even better when surface modified ceramic particles are used.
{"title":"Ceramic Waste-Based Natural Rubber Composites: An Exciting Way for Improving Mechanical Properties","authors":"Y. G. Kondarage, H. Pitawala, T. Kirushanthi, D. Edirisinghe, T. Etampawala","doi":"10.30799/JACS.191.18040303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JACS.191.18040303","url":null,"abstract":"Large amounts of fired ceramic waste produced in ceramic industry do not have a proper method to reuse and mainly thrown away into landfills since fired ceramics have already been sintered and thus their utilization as a raw material is limited. However, these solid wastes have a major environmental and economic concern. Thus, a proper management of such solid wastes is eminent. This research is dedicated to evaluating the possibility of using such ceramic waste as a low-cost filler material in the manufacture of natural rubber based composites. Ceramic particles smaller than 125 μm were selected initially for the preparation natural rubber based composites. For the latter part of the study, particles in sub-micrometer length scales were used. Elemental analyses and composition of the phases of the ceramic particles were determined by X-ray fluorescence and diffraction respectively. The average particle size was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surfaces of the sub micrometer size ceramic particles were modified using Silane69 coupling agent. The surface modification was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Natural rubber based composites were prepared with different levels of ceramic filler loadings. The mechanical properties of the composites such as hardness, resilience, compression set, abrasion volume loss and tensile properties were evaluated. These properties of the composites were compared with those of the composites prepared according to the same formulation except the ceramic filler (control). The composites were found to have an exciting enhancement of mechanical properties with respect to the control. The mechanical property improvement is higher when the ball milled sub-micrometer size ceramic filler is used and it is even better when surface modified ceramic particles are used.","PeriodicalId":14902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87278599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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