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Development of Agro-Industrial Waste Reinforced Natural Rubber Composite: A Potential Formulation for Rubber Flooring Product 农工废弃物增强天然橡胶复合材料的开发:一种有潜力的橡胶地板产品配方
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.30799/JACS.190.18040302
T. Kirushanthi, T. Etampawala, D. Edirisinghe, Jagath Pitawala, D. Ratnaweera
Agro-industrial waste has become a major environmental issue in most parts of the world. Rice husk is one of the major agricultural wastes especially in Asian countries. It is currently thrown away into landfills or rarely use as an alternative energy source, which in turn produce another waste, rice husk ash (RHA). Silica is the major component in well-burnt RHA. This work was aimed to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing silica extracted from RHA and another industrial waste, used tyre treads, with natural rubber to develop composite with enhanced mechanical properties especially for flooring products such as rugs, pavement blocks, door mats, etc. In this work extracted silica was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images confirmed that the extracted silica is in the nanometer to sub-micrometer length scale in size. Further our results confirmed that extracted silica has comparable chemical composition and amorphous nature as commercially used silica in rubber compounding. Composites were first formulated using crumb rubber to identify the optimum crumb rubber loading. It is found that 25 phr of crumb rubber provides the optimal mechanical properties. Finally, extracted silica was incorporated to 25 phr crumb rubber loaded composite to further reinforcement. SEM images confirm that 10 phr of silica have enhanced matrix-filler interactions to produce continuous structure, which was not observed in crumb rubber loaded rubber composite.
农业工业废弃物已成为世界大部分地区的主要环境问题。稻壳是主要的农业废弃物之一,特别是在亚洲国家。目前它被扔进垃圾填埋场或很少用作替代能源,这反过来又产生了另一种废物,稻壳灰(RHA)。硅是燃烧良好的RHA的主要成分。这项工作的目的是评估利用从RHA和另一种工业废物,旧轮胎胎面中提取的二氧化硅与天然橡胶开发具有增强机械性能的复合材料的可行性,特别是用于地板产品,如地毯,路面砖,门垫等。本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、x射线衍射(XRD)、x射线荧光光谱(XRF)和扫描电镜(SEM)对提取的二氧化硅进行了表征。SEM图像证实了所提取的二氧化硅在纳米到亚微米的长度尺度上。我们的研究结果进一步证实,提取的二氧化硅具有相当的化学成分和无定形性质,作为橡胶复合的商用二氧化硅。首先用橡胶屑配制复合材料,确定了橡胶屑的最佳掺量。结果表明,25 phr的颗粒橡胶能提供最佳的力学性能。最后,将提取的二氧化硅掺入25phr的橡胶屑复合材料中进一步增强。SEM图像证实,10 phr的二氧化硅增强了基质与填料的相互作用,形成了连续的结构,这在颗粒橡胶填充的橡胶复合材料中没有观察到。
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引用次数: 1
Contribution to the Study of Useful Natural Materials from Niger: Physicochemical Characterization of Natural Nigerien Clay 对尼日尔有用天然材料研究的贡献:尼日尔天然粘土的理化性质
Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.30799/JACS.189.18040301
H. Saidou, A. Hamzaoui, A. Rabhi, A. M’nif
This paper concerned the physicochemical characterization of a natural Nigerien clay from the Goulbi valley, Djirataoua, department of Madarounfa, Maradi province, Niger republic. Sample clay was characterized using X-rays diffraction spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, laser granulometry, and atomic absorption spectrometry. The results obtained showed that Djirataoua clay is acidic (pH = 5.5) with a low percentage of humidity (3.298%) and a small swelling index (2.141%). This clay contains mainly of quartz (67.67%) and relatively small fractions of other probable minerals.
本文研究了尼日尔共和国马拉迪省Madarounfa省Djirataoua的Goulbi山谷的天然尼日尔粘土的物理化学特征。采用x射线衍射光谱法、红外光谱法、激光粒度法和原子吸收光谱法对样品进行了表征。结果表明:Djirataoua粘土为酸性(pH = 5.5),湿度低(3.298%),膨胀指数小(2.141%)。该粘土主要含有石英(67.67%)和相对少量的其他可能的矿物。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis, Characterization and Photocrosslinkable Studies of Certain Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Poly(ester-amides) 某些热致液晶聚酯酰胺的合成、表征及光交联性研究
Pub Date : 2018-07-22 DOI: 10.30799/JACS.187.18040202
Kavitha Erra Kalappa, S. Antony, N. Ramalakshmi
Article history: Received 15 June 2018 Accepted 27 June 2018 Available online 22 July 2018 Five thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(ester-amides) were synthesized by polycondensation method using varying dicarboxylic acids with a common diamine namely 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl and a common diol namely 2,6-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone (CHBV). The solubility data and viscosity measurements of these synthesized poly(ester-amides) were used for qualitative characterization. The spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR were performed for investigating micro structural features. By differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the thermal phase transition behavior of these poly(ester-amides) was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was used to investigate the morphology of these poly(ester-amides). By using UV-visible spectroscopic technique, the photocrosslinkability of these poly(ester-amides) were studied by irradiating these poly(ester-amides) under a 160 W medium pressure mercury lamp. SEM analysis of these UV irradiated poly(ester-amides) showed the changes in morphology. Thus, the poly(esteramides) containing arylidene keto moiety in the main chain exhibited nematic mesophase and were photocrosslinked upon UV irradiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of these poly(ester-amides) were taken to assess the degree of crystallinity.
文章历史:2018年6月15日接收2018年6月27日接受2018年7月22日在线发布2018年7月22日以不同的二羧酸为原料,用一种常见的二胺即4,4'-二氨基二苯基和一种常见的二醇即2,6-二(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄基)环己酮(CHBV)通过缩聚法合成了五种热致性液晶聚(酯酰胺)。对合成的聚酯酰胺进行了溶解度和粘度测定,并进行了定性表征。采用FT-IR、1H NMR、13C NMR等光谱技术对其微观结构特征进行了研究。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了这些聚酯酰胺的热相变行为。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术研究了这些聚酯酰胺的形貌。采用紫外可见光谱技术,在160w中压汞灯照射下,研究了聚酯酰胺的光交联性。紫外辐照后聚酯酰胺的SEM分析显示其形貌发生了变化。因此,在主链中含有芳基烯酮的聚酯酰胺表现为向列相中间相,并在紫外线照射下发生光交联。采用x射线衍射(XRD)分析了这些聚酯酰胺的结晶度。
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引用次数: 1
4f-4f Transition Spectral Analysis to Probe the Kinetics for the Complexation of Nd(III) with Guanosine and Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP) 4f-4f跃迁光谱分析探讨Nd(III)与鸟苷和鸟苷三磷酸(GTP)络合动力学
Pub Date : 2018-05-08 DOI: 10.30799/JACS.182.18040201
N. Bendangsenla, M. Devi, T. Moaienla, Ruokuosenuo Zatsu
Article history: Received 09 April 2018 Accepted 21 April 2018 Available online 08 May 2018 The interaction of Nd(III) with Guanosine and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) in presence and absence of Ca(II) has been studied through 4f-4f transition spectra in different organic solvents. Mode of binding of Nd(III) with nucleoside (guanosine) and nucleotide (guanosine triphosphate, GTP) is interpreted considering the variations in evaluated values of intensity parameters like oscillator strength (P) and Judd Ofelt electric dipole intensity parameters (Tλ, λ=2,4,6). It is further studied through kinetics, subsequently Ea, rate constant (k) and thermodynamic parameters viz, ΔH°, ΔG°, ΔS° etc., has been evaluated from which detailed thermodynamical information of complex can be explored.
通过4f-4f跃迁光谱研究了Ca(II)存在和不存在时Nd(III)与鸟苷和鸟苷三磷酸(GTP)的相互作用。考虑到振荡强度(P)和Judd Ofelt电偶极子强度参数(Tλ, λ=2,4,6)等强度参数评估值的变化,可以解释Nd(III)与核苷(鸟苷)和核苷酸(鸟苷三磷酸,GTP)的结合模式。通过动力学进一步研究,得到了Ea、速率常数(k)和热力学参数ΔH°、ΔG°、ΔS°等,从而得到了配合物的详细热力学信息。
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引用次数: 0
Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil: A Review 废食用油制备生物柴油研究进展
Pub Date : 2018-04-26 DOI: 10.30799/jacs.181.18040105
A. Bhavani, V. Sharma
Biodiesel is a liquid transportation fuel that can be produced from renewable raw material such as waste cooking oil. The use of cooking oil as raw material for biodiesel production will enhance the viability of the food industry. Biodiesel, and the process is called transesterification. It is a chemical process in which a triglyceride in the vegetable oils and fat reacts with alcohol in the presence of a strong acid or base to produce a mixture of fatty acids alkyl esters (FAAE) and glycerol. Technologies of transesterification of vegetable oils into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) called biodiesel, have been experimentally established and are well documented in the open literature. But, no previous work using ultrasonic tubular reactor in biodiesel process was explored. This study will provide useful data for society in the biodiesel process.
生物柴油是一种液体运输燃料,可以从废弃食用油等可再生原料中生产。使用食用油作为生产生物柴油的原料将提高食品工业的生存能力。生物柴油,这个过程叫做酯交换反应。它是一种化学过程,其中植物油和脂肪中的甘油三酯在强酸或强碱的存在下与醇反应,产生脂肪酸、烷基酯和甘油的混合物。植物油酯交换成脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)称为生物柴油的技术已经在实验中建立,并在公开文献中有很好的记录。但是,超声波管式反应器在生物柴油工艺中的应用尚无相关研究。本研究将为社会上生物柴油的研究提供有用的数据。
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引用次数: 2
Investigation of Solution Behaviour of an Ionic Liquid in Diverse Cellosolves by Physicochemical Contrivance 用物理化学方法研究离子液体在不同纤维素溶液中的溶解行为
Pub Date : 2018-04-02 DOI: 10.30799/JACS.180.18040104
Ashutosh Dutta, Kanak Roy, S. Basak, Sukdev Majumder, M. Roy
Solution behaviour prevailing in 1, 3-dimethylimidazoliummethylsulfate (IL) and some diverse industrially important alkoxy-alcohols or cellosolves have been investigated by electrolytic conductivity, density (⍴), viscosity (η) and FT-IR spectroscopic investigation. The derived parameters such as the limiting molar conductivities (Λ0), association constants (KA), the distance of closest approach (R), etc. of the ions supplemented with conductance, density and viscosity have been evaluated using the Fuoss conductance equation. The quantitative values of molecular interactions from thermodynamic parameters have been discussed in terms of some non-covalent interactions. Functional groups of the pure solvents and structural characteristics of ionic liquid in different solvents have been discussed and taken into contemplation for spectroscopic study.
通过电解电导率、密度(η)和FT-IR光谱研究了1,3 -二甲基咪唑甲基硫酸酯(IL)和一些不同工业上重要的烷氧醇或纤维素溶液的溶液行为。用傅氏电导方程计算了在电导、密度和粘度的条件下离子的极限摩尔电导(Λ0)、缔合常数(KA)、最接近距离(R)等参数。从热力学参数的角度讨论了分子相互作用的定量值,包括一些非共价相互作用。讨论了纯溶剂的官能团和离子液体在不同溶剂中的结构特征,并对其进行了光谱学研究。
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引用次数: 7
Study to Explore Diverse Interactions by Physicochemical Contrivance of an Ionic Liquid in Aqueous Oligosaccharides 离子液体在低聚糖水溶液中不同相互作用的理化研究
Pub Date : 2018-03-09 DOI: 10.30799/JACS.173.18040103
B. Datta, A. Yasmin, M. Roy
In this article interaction properties of an IL, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride ([bmp]Cl) have been studied in different concentrations of aqueous D(-)fructose and D(+)galactose solutions at diverse temperatures. In spite of having green solvent property toxicity of ILs has been revealed. So the interface of ILs with biomolecules (such as carbohydrates) is a progressive research topic. The limiting molal conductivities, association constants of the ion have been evaluated. From density measurement the limiting apparent molal volumes, experimental slopes and the limiting partial molal transfer volumes are derived. Viscosity measurement helps to determine viscosity -B coefficients and dB/dT. The association constant has been used to study the thermodynamic functions of association process. Consequently, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of ion-pair formation have been determined. In addition, the 1H NMR spectra of carbohydrates, IL and carbohydrate + IL + D 2 O were studied. The NMR study does not show any special and strong interactions between IL and carbohydrates but, the macro properties and their changes in terms of size and structure of carbohydrates and IL have been discussed. By means of the interaction between IL and biomolecules, the potential toxicity of ILs may originate.
本文研究了1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯吡啶氯化铵([bmp]Cl)在不同温度、不同浓度的D(-)果糖和D(+)半乳糖水溶液中的相互作用特性。虽然具有绿色溶剂性质,但其毒性已被揭示。因此,il与生物分子(如碳水化合物)的界面是一个不断发展的研究课题。对离子的极限电导率、缔合常数进行了评价。从密度测量中导出了极限表观摩尔体积、实验斜率和极限偏摩尔体积。粘度测量有助于确定粘度-B系数和dB/dT。用缔合常数研究了缔合过程的热力学函数。因此,确定了离子对形成的吉布斯自由能、焓和熵。此外,还研究了碳水化合物、IL和碳水化合物+ IL + d2o的1H NMR谱。核磁共振研究未发现IL与碳水化合物之间存在任何特殊的强相互作用,但讨论了碳水化合物和IL的宏观性质及其在大小和结构方面的变化。通过IL与生物分子的相互作用,可能产生IL的潜在毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Esterifying Ability of Some Lipases 几种脂肪酶酯化能力的比较
Pub Date : 2018-02-20 DOI: 10.30799/jacs.179.18040102
V. Gamayurova, M. Jamai, S. Zaripova, K. Shnaider, N. I. Bildanova, M. Chernykh
The esterification activity of some commercial lipases was examined. The comparison of the enzymatic activities was carried out in regard to the synthesis of esters of lower aliphatic acids and alcohols. The highest esterifying ability was shown by the enzyme preparation Novozym 435 which quickly starts the process. The conversion of used acids was 70 - 82% within 0.5 hours, and reached 90% of conversion in 1 hour of reaction. Similar efficacy shows Novozym 40086. This enzyme preparation provides 90% conversion of the acids in two hours of process. The enzyme preparation Lipozyme TLIM provides conversion of the used acids on 84 – 90% in three hours of process. The enzyme preparation Lipozyme CALB is less effective on the used acids. Thus, in the synthesis of aliphatic esters the esterifying ability of enzyme preparations in the studied conditions decreases in a row: Novozym 435, Novozym 40086, Lipozyme TLIM, Lipozyme CALB. Pancreatic lipase in the synthesis of butyl butyrate detects an induction period of about 1 hour.
研究了几种商用脂肪酶的酯化活性。对合成低脂酸酯和醇的酶活性进行了比较。酶制剂Novozym 435显示出最高的酯化能力,可以快速启动该过程。0.5 h内废酸转化率达70 ~ 82%,1 h内废酸转化率达90%。诺维信40086疗效相似。这种酶制剂在两个小时的过程中提供90%的酸转化。酶制剂Lipozyme trimm在3小时的过程中提供84 - 90%的废酸转化。酶制剂Lipozyme CALB对所用酸的处理效果较差。因此,在所研究的条件下,酶制剂的酯化能力依次下降:Novozym 435, Novozym 40086, Lipozyme lim, Lipozyme CALB。合成丁酸丁酯的胰脂肪酶检测到诱导期约为1小时。
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引用次数: 2
Growth of Literature and Measures of Scientific Productivity of Indian Chemical Science Research during 2002-2016 2002-2016年印度化学科学研究文献增长与科学生产力测度
Pub Date : 2018-01-31 DOI: 10.30799/jacs.178.18040101
M. Sab, P. D. Kumar, B. S. Biradar
This study reports the data analysis of chemical science research World and India during 2002-2016. Different data sets have been used for application of different indicators, publications, growth rate, areas of research and discussing its media of communication, strength and weakness in the areas of research, quality of research output, nature of highly cited papers, collaboration (national and international). The analysis of chemical science has finds the publications share of India during 2002-2016 was 5.46%, which has increased from 3.94 in 2002 to 6.99 in 2016 and it is observed from the study that the percentage of India’s papers compared to that of the world’s papers. India, share of science and technology research output increased from 3.94% in 2002 to 6.99% in 2016. The study shows a significant increase and suggests a 5.30% average growth in the yearly share and data has been collected from Web of Science database.
本研究报告了2002-2016年世界和印度化学科学研究的数据分析。不同的数据集用于应用不同的指标、出版物、增长率、研究领域和讨论其传播媒介、研究领域的优势和劣势、研究产出的质量、高引用论文的性质、合作(国家和国际)。化学科学的分析发现,2002-2016年印度的出版物份额为5.46%,从2002年的3.94增加到2016年的6.99,从研究中可以看出,印度论文的百分比与世界论文的百分比相比。印度科技研究产出占比从2002年的3.94%上升到2016年的6.99%。该研究显示了显著的增长,并表明每年平均增长5.30%,数据来自Web of Science数据库。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences
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