Jihyun Park, Seonggyu Bang, Wonyou Lee, Kilyoung Song, Miyun Park, Junseo Chung, Islam Saadeldin, Sanghoon Lee, Junkoo Yi, Jongki Cho
Embryo transfer plays a crucial role in enhancing the breeding value of livestock; it has been applied in Hanwoo cattle, which is a popular breed for beef production in Korea. Both in vivo-derived (IVD) and in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos are used for this purpose; however, IVP embryos have been preferred recently owing to advancements in ovum pick-up (OPU) technology and genomic selection. Despite technological advancements, comprehensive data on large-scale OPU/IVEP/embryo transfer in Hanwoo cows are lacking. In this study, 16 elite Hanwoo donor cows were selected on the basis of specific criteria. Oocytes were retrieved from 241 cows using OPU. The collected cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured, fertilized, and cultured in vitro to produce transferable embryos. Embryos were classified according to their developmental stage and then transferred to 675 recipient cows. A total of 3,317 COCs were collected, with an average of 13.76 COCs per cow. The number of transferable embryos produced per cow was 3.7. Hanwoo OPU-derived IVP embryos exhibited a higher production yield than the global average, indicating a stable IVEP environment. Both fresh and frozen IVP embryos yielded similar conception rates; hence, the use of vitrified-thawed embryos in transfer plans feasible. However, frozen-thawed embryos at Stage 7 had a lower conception rate than those at earlier stages. There was no significant difference between the conception rates of sexually mature heifers and postpartum cows used as recipients. The male-to-female offspring ratio increased as the developmental stage progressed. Seasonal effects on conception rates were not observed; however, higher abortion rates and a higher proportion of male offspring were observed during winter. This study provides valuable data for improving the Korean embryo transfer industry, enabling more strategic growth of the domestic Hanwoo cow production.
{"title":"Sex ratio and conception rates of fresh/vitrified embryos at different developmental stages by ovum pick up in Hanwoo cows","authors":"Jihyun Park, Seonggyu Bang, Wonyou Lee, Kilyoung Song, Miyun Park, Junseo Chung, Islam Saadeldin, Sanghoon Lee, Junkoo Yi, Jongki Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e98","url":null,"abstract":"Embryo transfer plays a crucial role in enhancing the breeding value of livestock; it has been applied in Hanwoo cattle, which is a popular breed for beef production in Korea. Both <italic>in vivo</italic>-derived (IVD) and <italic>in vitro</italic>-produced (IVP) embryos are used for this purpose; however, IVP embryos have been preferred recently owing to advancements in ovum pick-up (OPU) technology and genomic selection. Despite technological advancements, comprehensive data on large-scale OPU/IVEP/embryo transfer in Hanwoo cows are lacking. In this study, 16 elite Hanwoo donor cows were selected on the basis of specific criteria. Oocytes were retrieved from 241 cows using OPU. The collected cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured, fertilized, and cultured <italic>in vitro</italic> to produce transferable embryos. Embryos were classified according to their developmental stage and then transferred to 675 recipient cows. A total of 3,317 COCs were collected, with an average of 13.76 COCs per cow. The number of transferable embryos produced per cow was 3.7. Hanwoo OPU-derived IVP embryos exhibited a higher production yield than the global average, indicating a stable IVEP environment. Both fresh and frozen IVP embryos yielded similar conception rates; hence, the use of vitrified-thawed embryos in transfer plans feasible. However, frozen-thawed embryos at Stage 7 had a lower conception rate than those at earlier stages. There was no significant difference between the conception rates of sexually mature heifers and postpartum cows used as recipients. The male-to-female offspring ratio increased as the developmental stage progressed. Seasonal effects on conception rates were not observed; however, higher abortion rates and a higher proportion of male offspring were observed during winter. This study provides valuable data for improving the Korean embryo transfer industry, enabling more strategic growth of the domestic Hanwoo cow production.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moonju Kim, Jiyung Kim, Mu-Hwan Jo, Kyungil Sung, Kun-Jun Han
The annual forage crop production system, enclosing silage corn (Zea mays L.) and following cool-season annual forage, can enhance forage production efficiency where available land is limited for pasture production. In this forage production system, successful silage corn cultivation has a significant value due to the great yield of highly digestible forage. However, some untimely planting or harvesting of corn due to changing weather often reduces biomass and feeding values. Therefore, a study was conducted to quantify the corn silage biomass reductions by the deviations from optimum planting soil temperature and optimum growing degree day. The approximations of maximum corn production were estimated based on field trial data conducted between 1978 and 2018 with early, medium, and late-maturity corn groups. Based on weather data, the recorded planting dates and harvest dates were converted into the corresponding trials’ soil temperatures at planting (STP) and the growing degree days (GDD). The silage corn biomass data were regressed against STP and GDD using a quadratic function. The maximum biomass point was modeled in a convex upward quadratic yield curve and the optimum STP and GDD were defined as those values at the maximum biomass for each maturity group. Optimized STP was at 16.6, 16.2, and 15.6°C for early, medium, and late maturity corn groups, respectively, while optimized GDD at harvest was at 1424, 1363, and 1542 °C. The biomass reductions demonstrated quadratic functions by the departures of STP or GDD. The 5% reductions were anticipated when STP departed from the optimum temperature by 2.2, 2.4, and 1.4°C for early, medium, and late maturity corns, respectively; the same degree of reductions were estimated when the GDD departed by 200, 180, and 130°C in the same order of the maturity groups. This result indicates that biomass reductions of late-maturity corn were more sensitive to the departures of STP or GDD than the early-maturity corn. Therefore, early maturing cultivars are more stable in biomass production in a silage corn–winter annual forage crop production system to enhance forage-based livestock production efficiency.
一年生饲料作物生产体系，包括青贮玉米(<italic>Zea may </italic>L.)和后续冷季一年生牧草，可以在草场生产用地有限的地区提高牧草生产效率。在这一饲料生产体系中，青贮玉米的成功栽培具有重要的价值，因为青贮玉米的高消化率饲料产量很大。然而，由于天气变化，一些玉米的不及时种植或收获往往会减少生物量和饲料价值。因此，本研究通过最佳种植土壤温度和最佳生长度数的偏差来量化玉米青贮生物量的减少。根据1978年至2018年对早熟、中熟和晚熟玉米组进行的田间试验数据，估计了玉米最大产量的近似值。根据气象数据，将记录的种植日期和收获日期转换为相应试验的种植时土壤温度(STP)和生长度日(GDD)。青贮玉米生物量数据采用二次函数对STP和GDD进行回归。最大生物量点以凸向上的二次型产量曲线建模，最佳STP和GDD定义为各成熟度组最大生物量处的值。早熟、中熟和晚熟玉米组最佳STP温度分别为16.6、16.2和15.6°C，收获时最佳GDD温度分别为1424、1363和1542°C。随着STP和GDD的偏离，生物量的减少表现为二次函数。当早熟、中熟和晚熟玉米的STP分别偏离最适温度2.2、2.4和1.4°C时，预计会降低5%;当GDD以相同的成熟度组顺序偏离200、180和130°C时，估计的减少程度相同。结果表明，与早熟玉米相比，晚熟玉米生物量减少对STP和GDD的偏离更为敏感。因此，在青贮玉米-冬季一年生饲料作物生产体系中，早熟品种的生物量产量更稳定，可提高饲料型牲畜的生产效率。
{"title":"Assessment of planting soil temperature and GDD impacts on silage corn (Zea mays L.) biomass","authors":"Moonju Kim, Jiyung Kim, Mu-Hwan Jo, Kyungil Sung, Kun-Jun Han","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e100","url":null,"abstract":"The annual forage crop production system, enclosing silage corn (<italic>Zea mays</italic> L.) and following cool-season annual forage, can enhance forage production efficiency where available land is limited for pasture production. In this forage production system, successful silage corn cultivation has a significant value due to the great yield of highly digestible forage. However, some untimely planting or harvesting of corn due to changing weather often reduces biomass and feeding values. Therefore, a study was conducted to quantify the corn silage biomass reductions by the deviations from optimum planting soil temperature and optimum growing degree day. The approximations of maximum corn production were estimated based on field trial data conducted between 1978 and 2018 with early, medium, and late-maturity corn groups. Based on weather data, the recorded planting dates and harvest dates were converted into the corresponding trials’ soil temperatures at planting (STP) and the growing degree days (GDD). The silage corn biomass data were regressed against STP and GDD using a quadratic function. The maximum biomass point was modeled in a convex upward quadratic yield curve and the optimum STP and GDD were defined as those values at the maximum biomass for each maturity group. Optimized STP was at 16.6, 16.2, and 15.6°C for early, medium, and late maturity corn groups, respectively, while optimized GDD at harvest was at 1424, 1363, and 1542 °C. The biomass reductions demonstrated quadratic functions by the departures of STP or GDD. The 5% reductions were anticipated when STP departed from the optimum temperature by 2.2, 2.4, and 1.4°C for early, medium, and late maturity corns, respectively; the same degree of reductions were estimated when the GDD departed by 200, 180, and 130°C in the same order of the maturity groups. This result indicates that biomass reductions of late-maturity corn were more sensitive to the departures of STP or GDD than the early-maturity corn. Therefore, early maturing cultivars are more stable in biomass production in a silage corn–winter annual forage crop production system to enhance forage-based livestock production efficiency.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyunwoong Jo, Geongoo Han, Eun Bae Kim, Changsu Kong, Beob Gyun Kim
This study measured the potential changes of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract and energy and nutrient digestibility by supplemental bacteriophages in pigs. Twelve castrated male pigs (initial mean body weight = 29.5 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically cannulated using T-cannula. The animals were housed individually in pens equipped with a feeder and a nipple waterer. The pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 experimental diets in a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 experimental diets, 2 periods, and 12 pigs resulting in 8 replicates per diet. The 3 diets were a control mainly based on corn and soybean meal with no antibiotics or bacteriophages, a diet containing 0.1% antibiotics, and a diet containing 0.2% bacteriophages. On day 5 of the experimental period, feces were collected and on days 6 and 7, ileal digesta were collected. Genomic DNA for bacteria were extracted from the ileal digesta and feces and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The ileal and fecal digestibility of energy, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and fiber was unaffected by dietary antibiotics or bacteriophages. At the phylum level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of Firmicutes (p = 0.059) and a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes (p = 0.099) in the ileal digesta samples compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. At the genus level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of Lactobacillus (p = 0.062) and a lower proportion of Bacteroides (p = 0.074) and Streptococcus (p = 0.088) in the ileal digesta compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. In the feces, supplemental antibiotics or bacteriophages reduced the proportion of Bifidobacterium compared with the control group (p = 0.029) with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. Overall, supplemental antibiotics and bacteriophages showed positive effect on the microbiota of in the ileal digesta without largely affecting energy or nutrient digestibility, with no differences between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups in growing pigs.
{"title":"Effects of supplemental bacteriophage on the gut microbiota and nutrient digestibility of ileal-cannulated pigs","authors":"Hyunwoong Jo, Geongoo Han, Eun Bae Kim, Changsu Kong, Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e96","url":null,"abstract":"This study measured the potential changes of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract and energy and nutrient digestibility by supplemental bacteriophages in pigs. Twelve castrated male pigs (initial mean body weight = 29.5 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically cannulated using T-cannula. The animals were housed individually in pens equipped with a feeder and a nipple waterer. The pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 experimental diets in a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 experimental diets, 2 periods, and 12 pigs resulting in 8 replicates per diet. The 3 diets were a control mainly based on corn and soybean meal with no antibiotics or bacteriophages, a diet containing 0.1% antibiotics, and a diet containing 0.2% bacteriophages. On day 5 of the experimental period, feces were collected and on days 6 and 7, ileal digesta were collected. Genomic DNA for bacteria were extracted from the ileal digesta and feces and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The ileal and fecal digestibility of energy, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and fiber was unaffected by dietary antibiotics or bacteriophages. At the phylum level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of <italic>Firmicutes</italic> (<italic>p</italic> = 0.059) and a lower proportion of <italic>Bacteroidetes</italic> (<italic>p</italic> = 0.099) in the ileal digesta samples compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. At the genus level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> (<italic>p</italic> = 0.062) and a lower proportion of <italic>Bacteroides</italic> (<italic>p</italic> = 0.074) and <italic>Streptococcus</italic> (<italic>p</italic> = 0.088) in the ileal digesta compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. In the feces, supplemental antibiotics or bacteriophages reduced the proportion of <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic> compared with the control group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.029) with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. Overall, supplemental antibiotics and bacteriophages showed positive effect on the microbiota of in the ileal digesta without largely affecting energy or nutrient digestibility, with no differences between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups in growing pigs.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuyi Zhong, Bin Zuo, Jiaqi Li, Yafeng Zhai, Richard Mudarra
49 A total of 150 crossbred male pigs [21±1 days old; 8.85±0.15 Kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to five 50 dietary treatments with five replicates per treatment and six pigs per pen to evaluate the effect of paraformic acid 51 (PFA), as a substitute to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota of nursery 52 pigs. The treatments were: 1) NC: nutrient adequate control diet; 2) PFA1: similar to NC plus 0.30% PFA; 3) PFA2: 53 similar to NC plus 0.60% PFA; 4) PFA3: similar to NC plus 1.0% PFA; and 5) PC: similar to NC plus 0.15% of 54 chlortetracycline. Pigs were fed the same nutritional profile during the two-phase feeding regime [phase 1 (P1; d 0– 55 14), and phase 2 (P2; d 15–30)]. Initial BW, and BW and feed disappearance at the end of each phase were recorded 56 to calculate average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed to gain ratio (F: G). The Fecal score 57 was determined at the end of P1, while the intestinal morphology and microbiota analysis were performed at the end 58 of P2. Pigs fed PFA2 had higher ADG than those fed NC in P1. A quadratic response was found in the overall phase 59 1 and phase 2 (P1&2) with the highest ADG in pigs fed PFA2 ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed PC had the highest ADFI during 60 P2 and overall P1&2 ( p < 0.05). The PFA2 group had the lowest F:G ratio among treatments in P1 and P2, with a 61 quadratic response in the overall P1&2 ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed PFA1, PFA2, PFA3, and PC showed better fecal 62 consistency than NC ( p < 0.05). No differences were found in intestinal morphology among treatments. PFA groups 63 supplementation modulated the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus in the jejunum. In the cecum, 64 PFA2 had a higher relative abundance of Prevotella when compared to NC, but lower than PC. In addition, pigs fed 65 the NC diet had higher abundance of Treponema and Methanobrevibacter than other treatments. In conclusion, the 66 supplementation of 0.6% PFA improved growth performance and modulated gut microbiota in nursery pigs. 67
{"title":"Effects of paraformic acid supplementation, as an antibiotic replacement, on growth performance, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota of nursery pigs","authors":"Yuyi Zhong, Bin Zuo, Jiaqi Li, Yafeng Zhai, Richard Mudarra","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e95","url":null,"abstract":"49 A total of 150 crossbred male pigs [21±1 days old; 8.85±0.15 Kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to five 50 dietary treatments with five replicates per treatment and six pigs per pen to evaluate the effect of paraformic acid 51 (PFA), as a substitute to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota of nursery 52 pigs. The treatments were: 1) NC: nutrient adequate control diet; 2) PFA1: similar to NC plus 0.30% PFA; 3) PFA2: 53 similar to NC plus 0.60% PFA; 4) PFA3: similar to NC plus 1.0% PFA; and 5) PC: similar to NC plus 0.15% of 54 chlortetracycline. Pigs were fed the same nutritional profile during the two-phase feeding regime [phase 1 (P1; d 0– 55 14), and phase 2 (P2; d 15–30)]. Initial BW, and BW and feed disappearance at the end of each phase were recorded 56 to calculate average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed to gain ratio (F: G). The Fecal score 57 was determined at the end of P1, while the intestinal morphology and microbiota analysis were performed at the end 58 of P2. Pigs fed PFA2 had higher ADG than those fed NC in P1. A quadratic response was found in the overall phase 59 1 and phase 2 (P1&2) with the highest ADG in pigs fed PFA2 ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed PC had the highest ADFI during 60 P2 and overall P1&2 ( p < 0.05). The PFA2 group had the lowest F:G ratio among treatments in P1 and P2, with a 61 quadratic response in the overall P1&2 ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed PFA1, PFA2, PFA3, and PC showed better fecal 62 consistency than NC ( p < 0.05). No differences were found in intestinal morphology among treatments. PFA groups 63 supplementation modulated the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus in the jejunum. In the cecum, 64 PFA2 had a higher relative abundance of Prevotella when compared to NC, but lower than PC. In addition, pigs fed 65 the NC diet had higher abundance of Treponema and Methanobrevibacter than other treatments. In conclusion, the 66 supplementation of 0.6% PFA improved growth performance and modulated gut microbiota in nursery pigs. 67","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant of food or feed worldwide and causes disease in animals. Lauric acid (LA) is a medium-chain fatty acid useful for barrier functions such as antimicrobial activity in the intestine of monogastric animals. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lauric acid exerts its effects on the deoxynivalenol-exposed small intestine have not been studied. We used an intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) as an in vitro model to explore the molecular mechanism of lauric acid in alleviating deoxynivalenol-induced damage. We found that lauric acid reversed deoxynivalenol-induced reduction in cell viability. Our qRT-PCR results indicated that lauric acid alleviated deoxynivalenol-induced apoptosis through Annexin-V. Additionally, immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that lauric acid attenuated deoxynivalenol-induced Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) translocation. These results suggest that lauric acid attenuates Forkhead box O3 translocation in the small intestine damaged by deoxynivalenol, thereby reducing apoptosis. In conclusion, this study found that lauric acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced damage in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line through various molecular mechanisms.
{"title":"Lauric acid reduces apoptosis by inhibiting FOXO3a-signaling in Deoxynivalenol-treated IPEC-J2 cells","authors":"Na Yeon Kim, Sang In Lee","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e92","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant of food or feed worldwide and causes disease in animals. Lauric acid (LA) is a medium-chain fatty acid useful for barrier functions such as antimicrobial activity in the intestine of monogastric animals. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lauric acid exerts its effects on the deoxynivalenol-exposed small intestine have not been studied. We used an intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) as an <italic>in vitro</italic> model to explore the molecular mechanism of lauric acid in alleviating deoxynivalenol-induced damage. We found that lauric acid reversed deoxynivalenol-induced reduction in cell viability. Our qRT-PCR results indicated that lauric acid alleviated deoxynivalenol-induced apoptosis through Annexin-V. Additionally, immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that lauric acid attenuated deoxynivalenol-induced Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) translocation. These results suggest that lauric acid attenuates Forkhead box O3 translocation in the small intestine damaged by deoxynivalenol, thereby reducing apoptosis. In conclusion, this study found that lauric acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced damage in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line through various molecular mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Raza, Kim Eungyung, Muhammad Shakeel, Muhammad Fiaz, Lei Ma, Hyeonjin Kim, Chae Yeon Kim, Dongwook Kim, Kanghyun Park, Muhammad Tariq Javed, Myoungok Kim
{"title":"Evaluation of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles as potential alternatives to antibiotics for managing fowl typhoid in broilers","authors":"Muhammad Raza, Kim Eungyung, Muhammad Shakeel, Muhammad Fiaz, Lei Ma, Hyeonjin Kim, Chae Yeon Kim, Dongwook Kim, Kanghyun Park, Muhammad Tariq Javed, Myoungok Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Processed meat products play a vital role in our daily dietary intake due to their rich protein content and the inherent convenience they offer. However, they often contain synthetic additives and ingredients that may pose health risks when taken excessively. This review explores strategies to improve meat product quality, focusing on three key approaches: substituting synthetic additives, reducing the ingredients potentially harmful when overconsumed like salt and animal fat, and boosting nutritional value. To replace synthetic additives, natural sources like celery and beet powders, as well as atmospheric cold plasma treatment, have been considered. However, for phosphates, the use of organic alternatives is limited due to the low phosphate content in natural substances. Thus, dietary fiber has been used to replicate phosphate functions by enhancing water retention and emulsion stability in meat products. Reducing the excessive salt and animal fat has garnered attention. Plant polysaccharides interact with water, fat, and proteins, improving gel formation and water retention, and enabling the development of low-salt and low-fat products. Replacing saturated fats with vegetable oils is also an option, but it requires techniques like Pickering emulsion or encapsulation to maintain product quality. These strategies aim to reduce or replace synthetic additives and ingredients that can potentially harm health. Dietary fiber offers numerous health benefits, including gut health improvement, calorie reduction, and blood glucose and lipid level regulation. Natural plant extracts not only enhance oxidative stability but also reduce potential carcinogens as antioxidants. Controlling protein and lipid bioavailability is also considered, especially for specific consumer groups like infants, the elderly, and individuals engaged in physical training with dietary management. Future research should explore the full potential of dietary fiber, encompassing synthetic additive substitution, salt and animal fat reduction, and nutritional enhancement. Additionally, optimal sources and dosages of polysaccharides should be determined, considering their distinct properties in interactions with water, proteins, and fats. This holistic approach holds promise for improving meat product quality with minimal processing.
{"title":"Recent strategies for improving the quality of meat products.","authors":"Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Seul-Ki-Chan Jeong, Hayeon Jeon, Yun-Sang Choi, Samooel Jung","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e94","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2023.e94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Processed meat products play a vital role in our daily dietary intake due to their rich protein content and the inherent convenience they offer. However, they often contain synthetic additives and ingredients that may pose health risks when taken excessively. This review explores strategies to improve meat product quality, focusing on three key approaches: substituting synthetic additives, reducing the ingredients potentially harmful when overconsumed like salt and animal fat, and boosting nutritional value. To replace synthetic additives, natural sources like celery and beet powders, as well as atmospheric cold plasma treatment, have been considered. However, for phosphates, the use of organic alternatives is limited due to the low phosphate content in natural substances. Thus, dietary fiber has been used to replicate phosphate functions by enhancing water retention and emulsion stability in meat products. Reducing the excessive salt and animal fat has garnered attention. Plant polysaccharides interact with water, fat, and proteins, improving gel formation and water retention, and enabling the development of low-salt and low-fat products. Replacing saturated fats with vegetable oils is also an option, but it requires techniques like Pickering emulsion or encapsulation to maintain product quality. These strategies aim to reduce or replace synthetic additives and ingredients that can potentially harm health. Dietary fiber offers numerous health benefits, including gut health improvement, calorie reduction, and blood glucose and lipid level regulation. Natural plant extracts not only enhance oxidative stability but also reduce potential carcinogens as antioxidants. Controlling protein and lipid bioavailability is also considered, especially for specific consumer groups like infants, the elderly, and individuals engaged in physical training with dietary management. Future research should explore the full potential of dietary fiber, encompassing synthetic additive substitution, salt and animal fat reduction, and nutritional enhancement. Additionally, optimal sources and dosages of polysaccharides should be determined, considering their distinct properties in interactions with water, proteins, and fats. This holistic approach holds promise for improving meat product quality with minimal processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"65 5","pages":"895-911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10640940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134649034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyeon Chang, Minho Song, Jihwan Lee, Hanjin Oh, Dongcheol Song, Jaewoo An, Hyunah Cho, Sehyun Park, Kyeongho Jeon, Byoungkon Lee, Jeonghun Nam, Jiyeon Chun, Hyeunbum Kim, Jinho Cho
This study investigated the effect of processed forms (defatted or hydrolyzed) of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L., BSFL) as a protein substitute on broilers. Experiment 1 was a feeding experiment, and Experiment 2 was a metabolism experiment. In Experiment 1, a total of 120 day-old Arbor Acres broilers (initial body weight 39.52 ± 0.24 g) were used for 28 days. There were 8 replicate pens, and 5 broilers were assigned to each pen. In Experiment 2, a total of 36 day-old broilers (initial body weight 39.49 ± 0.21 g) were used for the metabolism trial. There were 2 broilers in a metabolism cage and six replicate cages per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: a basal diet (CON), a basal diet without fishmeal and substitute with defatted BSFL (T1), a basal diet without fishmeal and a substitute with hydrolyzed BSFL (T2). In Experiment 1, during the entire experimental period, the T2 group significantly increased (p < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake compared to the CON and T1 groups. The feed conversion ratio showed a lower tendency (p = 0.057) in the T2 group than in the CON and T1 groups. At week 2, the CON and T2 groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) digestibility than the T1 group. At week 4, the total protein level significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CON and T2 groups compared to the T1 group. In Experiment 2, the CP digestibility significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the T2 group compared to the CON and T1 group at weeks 2 and 4. At week 4 amino acid digestibility, the T2 group significantly increased (p < 0.05) lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and glycine digestibility compared to the T1 group. There was no difference in fecal microbiota among the treatment groups. In conclusion, feeding hydrolyzed BSFL as a fishmeal substitute in broiler diets improved growth performance, CP digestibility, and specific amino acid digestibility. Therefore, it is considered that hydrolyzed BSFL in broiler diets can be sufficiently used as a new protein source.
{"title":"Effect of Black Soldier Fly Larvae as substitutes for fishmeal in broiler diet","authors":"Seyeon Chang, Minho Song, Jihwan Lee, Hanjin Oh, Dongcheol Song, Jaewoo An, Hyunah Cho, Sehyun Park, Kyeongho Jeon, Byoungkon Lee, Jeonghun Nam, Jiyeon Chun, Hyeunbum Kim, Jinho Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e89","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of processed forms (defatted or hydrolyzed) of black soldier fly larvae (<italic>Hermetia illucens</italic> L., BSFL) as a protein substitute on broilers. Experiment 1 was a feeding experiment, and Experiment 2 was a metabolism experiment. In Experiment 1, a total of 120 day-old Arbor Acres broilers (initial body weight 39.52 ± 0.24 g) were used for 28 days. There were 8 replicate pens, and 5 broilers were assigned to each pen. In Experiment 2, a total of 36 day-old broilers (initial body weight 39.49 ± 0.21 g) were used for the metabolism trial. There were 2 broilers in a metabolism cage and six replicate cages per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: a basal diet (CON), a basal diet without fishmeal and substitute with defatted BSFL (T1), a basal diet without fishmeal and a substitute with hydrolyzed BSFL (T2). In Experiment 1, during the entire experimental period, the T2 group significantly increased (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake compared to the CON and T1 groups. The feed conversion ratio showed a lower tendency (<italic>p</italic> = 0.057) in the T2 group than in the CON and T1 groups. At week 2, the CON and T2 groups were significantly higher (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) crude protein (CP) digestibility than the T1 group. At week 4, the total protein level significantly increased (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) in the CON and T2 groups compared to the T1 group. In Experiment 2, the CP digestibility significantly increased (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) in the T2 group compared to the CON and T1 group at weeks 2 and 4. At week 4 amino acid digestibility, the T2 group significantly increased (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and glycine digestibility compared to the T1 group. There was no difference in fecal microbiota among the treatment groups. In conclusion, feeding hydrolyzed BSFL as a fishmeal substitute in broiler diets improved growth performance, CP digestibility, and specific amino acid digestibility. Therefore, it is considered that hydrolyzed BSFL in broiler diets can be sufficiently used as a new protein source.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min-Jin Kwak, Dong-Jin Ha, Min Young Park, Ju Young Eor, Kwang-Youn Whang, Younghoon Kim
Upregulation of the nutritional value of feed is the major target of various studies in the livestock industry, and dietary enzyme supplementation could aid in digesting the nondegrading nutrients of grains in feed ingredients. Distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of the fermentation process in the beverage industry and can be used as a large supply source of fiber in feed. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with male broiler chickens to investigate the effect of various types of enzymes on DDGS and compare the efficacy of single enzyme and multienzyme complexes on growth performance and gut environments in broiler chickens. We used 840 1-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308), and they were allotted into 2 by 4 dietary treatments with seven replications. One factor was dietary factor (DDGS supplementation), and the other was dietary enzyme addition (SE, 0.05% of β-mannanase; MC1, 0,10% of the mixture of xylanase, amylase, protease; MC2, 0.10% of the mixture of galactosidase, galactomannanase, xylanase, glucanase). The dietary exogenous enzyme in the DDGS-supplemented diet could improve growth performance as much as the growth of the control group, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly increased by enzyme addition in groups of chicks fed DDGS-supplementation diet. Moreover, the populations of pathogenic bacteria, coliforms, and Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased by enzyme supplementation, which might lead to improved gut mucus-secreting cells and inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum. Collectively, dietary single enzyme and multienzyme complexes could improve gut environments, including intestinal immune responses and gut microbial population, and lead to improvement of growth performance in broiler chickens.
{"title":"Comparison Study between Single Enzyme and Multienzyme Complex in Distiller’s Dred Grains with Soluble Supplemented Diet in Broiler Chicken","authors":"Min-Jin Kwak, Dong-Jin Ha, Min Young Park, Ju Young Eor, Kwang-Youn Whang, Younghoon Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e90","url":null,"abstract":"Upregulation of the nutritional value of feed is the major target of various studies in the livestock industry, and dietary enzyme supplementation could aid in digesting the nondegrading nutrients of grains in feed ingredients. Distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of the fermentation process in the beverage industry and can be used as a large supply source of fiber in feed. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with male broiler chickens to investigate the effect of various types of enzymes on DDGS and compare the efficacy of single enzyme and multienzyme complexes on growth performance and gut environments in broiler chickens. We used 840 1-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308), and they were allotted into 2 by 4 dietary treatments with seven replications. One factor was dietary factor (DDGS supplementation), and the other was dietary enzyme addition (SE, 0.05% of β-mannanase; MC1, 0,10% of the mixture of xylanase, amylase, protease; MC2, 0.10% of the mixture of galactosidase, galactomannanase, xylanase, glucanase). The dietary exogenous enzyme in the DDGS-supplemented diet could improve growth performance as much as the growth of the control group, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly increased by enzyme addition in groups of chicks fed DDGS-supplementation diet. Moreover, the populations of pathogenic bacteria, coliforms<italic>, </italic>and <italic>Bacteroidetes</italic> were significantly decreased by enzyme supplementation, which might lead to improved gut mucus-secreting cells and inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum. Collectively, dietary single enzyme and multienzyme complexes could improve gut environments, including intestinal immune responses and gut microbial population, and lead to improvement of growth performance in broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136283003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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