Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102931
Qian Liu
We advance the measurement of multimarket contact (MMC) in the airline competition literature by introducing a flight frequency weighted Jaccard index. Unlike conventional MMC measures that rely on binary market presence, our proposed index captures both market overlap and supply strategic similarity through flight frequency. Current airline competition research can be divided into market-based metrics (e.g., HHI, CR), which overlook relationships among firms, and airline-based metrics, of which MMC is the most prominent but only considers market overlap. Our index bridges this gap and describes the pairwise competitive intensity among airlines within a specific geographic region. We interpret the use of the index through three applications: unsupervised clustering of airline business models, detection of market shocks, and tracking changes in competitive relationships during disruptions. Our work will allow researchers to refine previous MMC related studies. This work provides policymakers with tools to monitor real-time market competition and may better inform competition regulation design. For airlines, they can leverage the index to identify rivals with the same or different business models, measure their competitive intensity, and choose their competition strategy accordingly.
{"title":"Enhancing airline multimarket competition analysis with a pairwise competitive intensity index based on weighted Jaccard index","authors":"Qian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We advance the measurement of multimarket contact (MMC) in the airline competition literature by introducing a flight frequency weighted Jaccard index. Unlike conventional MMC measures that rely on binary market presence, our proposed index captures both market overlap and supply strategic similarity through flight frequency. Current airline competition research can be divided into market-based metrics (e.g., HHI, CR), which overlook relationships among firms, and airline-based metrics, of which MMC is the most prominent but only considers market overlap. Our index bridges this gap and describes the pairwise competitive intensity among airlines within a specific geographic region. We interpret the use of the index through three applications: unsupervised clustering of airline business models, detection of market shocks, and tracking changes in competitive relationships during disruptions. Our work will allow researchers to refine previous MMC related studies. This work provides policymakers with tools to monitor real-time market competition and may better inform competition regulation design. For airlines, they can leverage the index to identify rivals with the same or different business models, measure their competitive intensity, and choose their competition strategy accordingly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14925,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transport Management","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102928
Chaocao Yang , Shuai Xu , Xudong Xie , Yuan Li , Ming Ji , Xuqun You
Air technicians' safety behavior is crucial to aviation safety, and thus it is important to identify factors that may enhance such behavior and explore its mechanisms. By incorporating Safety-Specific Transformational Leadership (SSTL), safety climate, and neuroticism, this study examines whether, how, and when SSTL predicts air technicians' safety behaviors from the perspective of both organizational and individual factors. Correlation, mediation, and moderation analyses were conducted on data from a sample of 995 air technicians from six aviation enterprises in China. The results indicate that SSTL was positively related to air technicians' safety behavior and that this relationship was partially mediated by safety climate. Moreover, neuroticism moderated this effect, such that the positive relationship between SSTL and safety behavior was stronger in air technicians with a higher level of neuroticism. Theoretically, this study combines leadership and personality in a unified framework, enriching understanding of their joint role in predicting safety behaviors. Practically, it guides aviation enterprises to strengthen SSTL and adopt personality-sensitive management to enhance technicians’ safety behaviors.
{"title":"Leadership, safety climate, and neuroticism: Integrating organizational and individual factors into the prediction of air technicians’ safety behaviors","authors":"Chaocao Yang , Shuai Xu , Xudong Xie , Yuan Li , Ming Ji , Xuqun You","doi":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air technicians' safety behavior is crucial to aviation safety, and thus it is important to identify factors that may enhance such behavior and explore its mechanisms. By incorporating Safety-Specific Transformational Leadership (SSTL), safety climate, and neuroticism, this study examines whether, how, and when SSTL predicts air technicians' safety behaviors from the perspective of both organizational and individual factors. Correlation, mediation, and moderation analyses were conducted on data from a sample of 995 air technicians from six aviation enterprises in China. The results indicate that SSTL was positively related to air technicians' safety behavior and that this relationship was partially mediated by safety climate. Moreover, neuroticism moderated this effect, such that the positive relationship between SSTL and safety behavior was stronger in air technicians with a higher level of neuroticism. Theoretically, this study combines leadership and personality in a unified framework, enriching understanding of their joint role in predicting safety behaviors. Practically, it guides aviation enterprises to strengthen SSTL and adopt personality-sensitive management to enhance technicians’ safety behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14925,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transport Management","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102926
John Beasley , Martin Kunc , Toni Martinez-Sykora , Chris N. Potts
Baggage reclaim processes have barely changed for decades, even though there have been many innovations in systems and processes for outbound baggage. Airport developers are increasingly asking if innovations in the baggage arrivals process are possible and whether they will deliver benefits in terms of either better utilisation of space or better passenger experience. Furthermore, the introduction of E-gates for immigration can lead to passengers reaching baggage reclaim more quickly which starts to expose limitations in the current arrivals baggage process. In this paper, analytical and discrete event simulation models of the arrivals process are developed. The analytical results offer useful “rules of thumb” when considering the sizing and performance of reclaim facilities and processes, while the discrete event model allows a wider range of scenarios to be modelled than can be handled analytically. The impact of the degree of correlation between the passenger and baggage arrival times at reclaim is investigated since this has a material effect on passenger waiting times. The impact of the degree of correlation on waiting times should therefore be considered when modelling the reclaim process. We find that a seat-order loading and unloading approach for bags can offer material reductions in passenger waiting times at reclaim, can be operationally plausible and does not require major changes to equipment or capital expenditure.
{"title":"The effect of passenger-baggage arrival correlation on reclaim performance","authors":"John Beasley , Martin Kunc , Toni Martinez-Sykora , Chris N. Potts","doi":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Baggage reclaim processes have barely changed for decades, even though there have been many innovations in systems and processes for outbound baggage. Airport developers are increasingly asking if innovations in the baggage arrivals process are possible and whether they will deliver benefits in terms of either better utilisation of space or better passenger experience. Furthermore, the introduction of E-gates for immigration can lead to passengers reaching baggage reclaim more quickly which starts to expose limitations in the current arrivals baggage process. In this paper, analytical and discrete event simulation models of the arrivals process are developed. The analytical results offer useful “rules of thumb” when considering the sizing and performance of reclaim facilities and processes, while the discrete event model allows a wider range of scenarios to be modelled than can be handled analytically. The impact of the degree of correlation between the passenger and baggage arrival times at reclaim is investigated since this has a material effect on passenger waiting times. The impact of the degree of correlation on waiting times should therefore be considered when modelling the reclaim process. We find that a seat-order loading and unloading approach for bags can offer material reductions in passenger waiting times at reclaim, can be operationally plausible and does not require major changes to equipment or capital expenditure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14925,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transport Management","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102926"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102933
Huijuan Yang , Daniel Delahaye , Ying Huo
This study presents a real-time framework for aircraft conflict detection and trajectory optimisation in Terminal Manoeuvring Areas (TMAs) during emergency weather events. The proposed approach integrates wake turbulence separation, node and link conflict evaluation, and dynamic operational constraints to ensure safe and efficient traffic flow under severe weather disruptions. Departing from conventional offline resolution methods, an enhanced Selective Simulated Annealing (SSA) algorithm is introduced to enable online conflict detection and mitigation in rapidly changing conditions. The framework is validated through a case study at Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport (CTU) TMA. A historical dataset of 451 arrival flights over an 8-hour period is duplicated to create a high-density scenario with 902 flights, allowing robust evaluation of scalability and responsiveness under significant traffic and weather stress. Results show that the SSA algorithm achieves minimal route extensions (0.11% on average) in thunderstorm conditions compared to clear weather, while maintaining delay reductions and operational stability. Sensitivity analyses on slot shift ranges and decision strategies confirm the framework’s resilience, and simulated runway blockages demonstrate the role of holding stacks in mitigating conflicts during single-runway closures. By integrating conflict detection with real-time trajectory optimisation, this research offers Air Traffic Control Officers (ATCOs) a practical decision-support tool to enhance safety, efficiency, and resilience in emergency weather operations within TMAs.
{"title":"Real-Time aircraft conflict detection and trajectory optimisation for emergency weather management in terminal manoeuvring areas","authors":"Huijuan Yang , Daniel Delahaye , Ying Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a real-time framework for aircraft conflict detection and trajectory optimisation in Terminal Manoeuvring Areas (TMAs) during emergency weather events. The proposed approach integrates wake turbulence separation, node and link conflict evaluation, and dynamic operational constraints to ensure safe and efficient traffic flow under severe weather disruptions. Departing from conventional offline resolution methods, an enhanced Selective Simulated Annealing (SSA) algorithm is introduced to enable online conflict detection and mitigation in rapidly changing conditions. The framework is validated through a case study at Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport (CTU) TMA. A historical dataset of 451 arrival flights over an 8-hour period is duplicated to create a high-density scenario with 902 flights, allowing robust evaluation of scalability and responsiveness under significant traffic and weather stress. Results show that the SSA algorithm achieves minimal route extensions (0.11% on average) in thunderstorm conditions compared to clear weather, while maintaining delay reductions and operational stability. Sensitivity analyses on slot shift ranges and decision strategies confirm the framework’s resilience, and simulated runway blockages demonstrate the role of holding stacks in mitigating conflicts during single-runway closures. By integrating conflict detection with real-time trajectory optimisation, this research offers Air Traffic Control Officers (ATCOs) a practical decision-support tool to enhance safety, efficiency, and resilience in emergency weather operations within TMAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14925,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transport Management","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102929
Lai Gan , Shenglong Xie , Tianbao Zhang , Tanglu Li , Yi Zhou , Na Huang , Zhihua Pan , Fei Lun , Qiyuan Hu
Flight delays hinder travel efficiency, causing economic losses and posing huge challenges for the aviation industry. While rising flight delays signal the nexus among weather conditions, their specific impacts were still insufficiently understood, especially considering rainfall and air pollution. By integrating 117,218 Beijing-Shanghai flight records with meteorological dataset, this study quantifies how rainfall and air pollution at both departure and arrival cities influence flight delays at hourly, daily, and monthly scales. Rainfall intensity nonlinearly increases delays: from 36.3 min on clear days to 66.2 min in moderate and above rain. Compound rainfall scenarios led to 26–78 % greater delays compared to single-point rainfall condition. Extreme rainfall event resulted in higher cancellation risk and afternoon delay exceeding clear-day delay by over 150 min. Seasonal analysis identified summer accounting for 39.3 % of all delays, largely driven by monsoon rainfall. Winter delays, though lower in magnitude, were significantly influenced by air pollution, which contributed to 25 % of delay hours during this season. Economic losses due to flight delay reached RMB 254 million during study period, about 70 % attributable to rainfall. These multi-scale mechanisms highlight compound weather-pollution interactions, offering a scientific basis for aviation resilience strategies.
{"title":"How rainfall and air pollution influence flight delays and its associated economic losses: a case study based on Beijing-Shanghai flight in China?","authors":"Lai Gan , Shenglong Xie , Tianbao Zhang , Tanglu Li , Yi Zhou , Na Huang , Zhihua Pan , Fei Lun , Qiyuan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flight delays hinder travel efficiency, causing economic losses and posing huge challenges for the aviation industry. While rising flight delays signal the nexus among weather conditions, their specific impacts were still insufficiently understood, especially considering rainfall and air pollution. By integrating 117,218 Beijing-Shanghai flight records with meteorological dataset, this study quantifies how rainfall and air pollution at both departure and arrival cities influence flight delays at hourly, daily, and monthly scales. Rainfall intensity nonlinearly increases delays: from 36.3 min on clear days to 66.2 min in moderate and above rain. Compound rainfall scenarios led to 26–78 % greater delays compared to single-point rainfall condition. Extreme rainfall event resulted in higher cancellation risk and afternoon delay exceeding clear-day delay by over 150 min. Seasonal analysis identified summer accounting for 39.3 % of all delays, largely driven by monsoon rainfall. Winter delays, though lower in magnitude, were significantly influenced by air pollution, which contributed to 25 % of delay hours during this season. Economic losses due to flight delay reached RMB 254 million during study period, about 70 % attributable to rainfall. These multi-scale mechanisms highlight compound weather-pollution interactions, offering a scientific basis for aviation resilience strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14925,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transport Management","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102925
Ahmed Abdelghany , Khaled Abdelghany
Irregular operations (IROPS) are among the most complex challenges in airline management. Drawing from both academic gaps and practitioner insight, this paper reframes IROPS as a system-level problem rooted in capacity–demand imbalances and characterized by deeply interdependent recovery decisions. We discuss main core recovery actions and maps the main directional interdependencies among them, highlighting how local actions propagate across the airline network. This reconceptualization shifts the focus from compartmentalized solutions toward integrated, operationally aligned recovery models. The contribution lies in redefining the problem itself to better reflect the realities of airline operations and decision-making. Our goal is to provide a foundation for future modeling, simulation, and optimization studies that more accurately represent the dynamics of large-scale disruption recovery.
{"title":"Addressing the systemic complexity of airline irregular operations: Toward integrated schedule recovery","authors":"Ahmed Abdelghany , Khaled Abdelghany","doi":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Irregular operations (IROPS) are among the most complex challenges in airline management. Drawing from both academic gaps and practitioner insight, this paper reframes IROPS as a system-level problem rooted in capacity–demand imbalances and characterized by deeply interdependent recovery decisions. We discuss main core recovery actions and maps the main directional interdependencies among them, highlighting how local actions propagate across the airline network. This reconceptualization shifts the focus from compartmentalized solutions toward integrated, operationally aligned recovery models. The contribution lies in redefining the problem itself to better reflect the realities of airline operations and decision-making. Our goal is to provide a foundation for future modeling, simulation, and optimization studies that more accurately represent the dynamics of large-scale disruption recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14925,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transport Management","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102924
Tassew Dufera Tolcha , Eric Tchouamou Njoya , Panayotis Christidis
This study examines the determinants of domestic air travel demand within African countries, a region underrepresented in existing literature, which has predominantly focused on international routes or domestic travel in other continents. Using a gravity model, the study provides a comprehensive analysis that incorporates socio-economic variables and service-related factors. The findings indicate that domestic air travel demand is significantly influenced by socio-economic factors; specifically, larger educated populations and higher GDP per capita are positively associated with travel demand. The effect of government ownership of airlines on passenger demand is inconclusive: state ownership positively influences demand in Algeria, Ethiopia, and Morocco, but has a negative impact in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria. Service-related aspects also play a crucial role: higher flight frequencies, lower airfares, the presence of low-cost carriers (LCCs), and better connectivity positively influence domestic travel demand. These findings vary across countries, reflecting the diverse economic and infrastructural landscapes of Africa. The study highlights the importance of economic and infrastructural development in boosting domestic air travel across the continent. It suggests that policies aimed at supporting LCCs, enhancing airport connectivity, and promoting economic growth could effectively stimulate domestic air travel.
{"title":"Exploring the determinants of domestic air travel across Africa","authors":"Tassew Dufera Tolcha , Eric Tchouamou Njoya , Panayotis Christidis","doi":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the determinants of domestic air travel demand within African countries, a region underrepresented in existing literature, which has predominantly focused on international routes or domestic travel in other continents. Using a gravity model, the study provides a comprehensive analysis that incorporates socio-economic variables and service-related factors. The findings indicate that domestic air travel demand is significantly influenced by socio-economic factors; specifically, larger educated populations and higher GDP per capita are positively associated with travel demand. The effect of government ownership of airlines on passenger demand is inconclusive: state ownership positively influences demand in Algeria, Ethiopia, and Morocco, but has a negative impact in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria. Service-related aspects also play a crucial role: higher flight frequencies, lower airfares, the presence of low-cost carriers (LCCs), and better connectivity positively influence domestic travel demand. These findings vary across countries, reflecting the diverse economic and infrastructural landscapes of Africa. The study highlights the importance of economic and infrastructural development in boosting domestic air travel across the continent. It suggests that policies aimed at supporting LCCs, enhancing airport connectivity, and promoting economic growth could effectively stimulate domestic air travel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14925,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transport Management","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102923
Wanting Wu , Xi Chen , Hongchang Li
Air-rail transport for passenger travel is gaining attention as a sustainable solution to urbanization, climate change, and the growing demand for seamless travel. Despite its potential, air-rail cooperation in China remains underdeveloped, primarily due to asymmetric dependency between airlines and China Railway Group (CR). This study aims to investigate the dynamics of this cooperation, focusing on resource sharing, revenue distribution, and collaborative service models. By applying the theory of asymmetric dependency and constructing an evolutionary game model, this research analyzes the strategic interactions between CR and airlines. Additionally, it explores the role of policy tools, including subsidies, tax incentives, and penalties, in fostering sustainable cooperation. To enhance empirical relevance, the study incorporates a case study of the Shanghai Hongqiao hub to calibrate model parameters and bridge theoretical assumptions with real-world operational data. It is found that (1) Asymmetric dependency significantly influences air-rail cooperation, with CR's dominant position in railway resources restricting deeper collaboration and fairer revenue distribution; (2) Resource sharing and fair revenue distribution are crucial for the success of new air-rail cooperation, while collaborative service, though equally important, depends on the successful implementation of these two factors; (3) Economic incentives, such as additional airline revenue from increased occupancy, play a critical role in motivating participation in air-rail cooperation; (4) Punitive measures and subsidy policies reduce cooperation costs, fostering early-stage cooperation, while tax incentives are crucial for optimizing long-term benefit distribution. This research contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying air-rail cooperation and provides practical policy recommendations for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of air-rail transport systems.
{"title":"Exploring air-rail cooperation in China under asymmetric dependency: An evolutionary game approach","authors":"Wanting Wu , Xi Chen , Hongchang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air-rail transport for passenger travel is gaining attention as a sustainable solution to urbanization, climate change, and the growing demand for seamless travel. Despite its potential, air-rail cooperation in China remains underdeveloped, primarily due to asymmetric dependency between airlines and China Railway Group (CR). This study aims to investigate the dynamics of this cooperation, focusing on resource sharing, revenue distribution, and collaborative service models. By applying the theory of asymmetric dependency and constructing an evolutionary game model, this research analyzes the strategic interactions between CR and airlines. Additionally, it explores the role of policy tools, including subsidies, tax incentives, and penalties, in fostering sustainable cooperation. To enhance empirical relevance, the study incorporates a case study of the Shanghai Hongqiao hub to calibrate model parameters and bridge theoretical assumptions with real-world operational data. It is found that (1) Asymmetric dependency significantly influences air-rail cooperation, with CR's dominant position in railway resources restricting deeper collaboration and fairer revenue distribution; (2) Resource sharing and fair revenue distribution are crucial for the success of new air-rail cooperation, while collaborative service, though equally important, depends on the successful implementation of these two factors; (3) Economic incentives, such as additional airline revenue from increased occupancy, play a critical role in motivating participation in air-rail cooperation; (4) Punitive measures and subsidy policies reduce cooperation costs, fostering early-stage cooperation, while tax incentives are crucial for optimizing long-term benefit distribution. This research contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying air-rail cooperation and provides practical policy recommendations for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of air-rail transport systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14925,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transport Management","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102922
Thuong-Truyet Ngo , Nguyen Tan Huynh , Ching-Chiao Yang
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of Vietnamese airports using a two-stage SBM-DEA model that captures both infrastructure and environmental performance. In the first stage, infrastructure efficiency is assessed through inputs such as terminal area, apron area, and runway area in relation to aircraft movements and fuel burned. The second stage focuses on environmental efficiency, incorporating throughputs and undesirable outputs such as emissions. The results show that only 27.3 % of airports achieve overall efficiency, a proportion significantly lower than the number of airports efficient in individual stages. To investigate potential determinants of performance, a truncated regression model is applied, examining factors such as urban location, hub status, distance to the city center, and population density. The findings reveal that urban location and distance to the city center significantly influence efficiency, while hub status and population density have negligible impacts. This study contributes to the literature by integrating undesirable outputs into a network DEA framework and refining the regression approach to account for contextual variables, offering practical insights for optimizing infrastructure planning and environmental management in Vietnam's aviation sector.
{"title":"A sequential approach to airport efficiency evaluation: Integrating two-stage DEA and truncated regression","authors":"Thuong-Truyet Ngo , Nguyen Tan Huynh , Ching-Chiao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of Vietnamese airports using a two-stage SBM-DEA model that captures both infrastructure and environmental performance. In the first stage, infrastructure efficiency is assessed through inputs such as terminal area, apron area, and runway area in relation to aircraft movements and fuel burned. The second stage focuses on environmental efficiency, incorporating throughputs and undesirable outputs such as emissions. The results show that only 27.3 % of airports achieve overall efficiency, a proportion significantly lower than the number of airports efficient in individual stages. To investigate potential determinants of performance, a truncated regression model is applied, examining factors such as urban location, hub status, distance to the city center, and population density. The findings reveal that urban location and distance to the city center significantly influence efficiency, while hub status and population density have negligible impacts. This study contributes to the literature by integrating undesirable outputs into a network DEA framework and refining the regression approach to account for contextual variables, offering practical insights for optimizing infrastructure planning and environmental management in Vietnam's aviation sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14925,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transport Management","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102921
Jingcong Sun , Xiang Zhou , Ruiling Han
Air route network (ARN) connectivity is critical to the market coverage of civil aviation transport networks and the development quality of the civil aviation industry. However, existing studies have predominantly focused on its spatial connectivity characteristics. Based on this, this study first identifies 41 hub airports by analyzing the complexity of China's ARN and then analyzes their flight wave systems and characteristics. Further, using the seven air traffic control regions in China as spatial units, it examines the intra-regional and extra-regional route network connectivity characteristics of hub airports. The results indicate that (1) China's complex ARN is conducive to forming a clear hierarchical connectivity of nodes. (2) The number of hub airports with sawtooth flight waves is the highest. (3) Overall, China's hub airports possess strong potential for transfer connectivity. However, ARN connectivity and feeder capacity among the seven air traffic control regions differ in, for example, the high homogeneity of route connections between hub nodes, which increases competition in regional aviation markets; the feeder capacity and coverage of feeder routes from hub nodes are insufficient; and the rationality of route structure requires further improvement. This study fully explores flight schedule resources in addressing ARN connectivity issues. It identifies structural problems in China's ARN from the perspective of flight waves and, for the first time, uses a longer time series to analyze China's hub airport ARN connectivity. The findings provide theoretical support for optimizing aviation network layout and offer guidance for further enhancing airport transfer and feeder capacities.
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