Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.09.014
Kim Ramme MD, PhD , AnnaCarin Horne MD, PhD , Karin Beutel MD , Jacques-Emmanuel Galimard PhD , Ali Abdallah Alahmari MD , Giorgio Ottaviano MD , Despina Moshous MD, PhD , Savas Kansoy MD , Zohreh Nademi MD, PhD , Maura Faraci MD , Mikael Sundin MD, PhD , Franca Fagioli MD , Michael H. Albert MD , Petr Sedlacek MD , Yves Bertrand MD, PhD , Franco Locatelli MD, PhD , Catherine Paillard MD , Karin Mellgren MD, PhD , Ingo Müller MD , Johann Greil MD , Selim Corbacioglu MD, PhD
Background
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative treatment in primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH). However, HCT is associated with a wide range of late effects (LEs).
Objective
We sought to characterize the long-term outcome and LEs following HCT in pHLH.
Methods
A total of 274 children with pHLH from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2004 and 2015 were included. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the adjusted impact of baseline variables on central nervous system and hormonal LEs, respectively.
Results
A broad spectrum of LEs was identified, with neurologic (31%) and hormonal (34.8%) complications being the most prevalent. Chemotherapy (HLH-1994/HLH-2004) before HCT was identified as a significant risk factor for endocrinological LEs (P = .03), highlighting a novel aspect not previously reported. The presence of neurologic abnormality at diagnosis was an independent risk factor for neurologic LEs (P < .001) as was incomplete remission status at the time of HCT (P = .04).
Conclusions
HCT has significantly improved survival in patients with pHLH. However, survivors still face significant risks of LEs.
{"title":"Late effects after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with HLH: A Histiocyte Society, PDWP, IEWP, and TCWP EBMT Study","authors":"Kim Ramme MD, PhD , AnnaCarin Horne MD, PhD , Karin Beutel MD , Jacques-Emmanuel Galimard PhD , Ali Abdallah Alahmari MD , Giorgio Ottaviano MD , Despina Moshous MD, PhD , Savas Kansoy MD , Zohreh Nademi MD, PhD , Maura Faraci MD , Mikael Sundin MD, PhD , Franca Fagioli MD , Michael H. Albert MD , Petr Sedlacek MD , Yves Bertrand MD, PhD , Franco Locatelli MD, PhD , Catherine Paillard MD , Karin Mellgren MD, PhD , Ingo Müller MD , Johann Greil MD , Selim Corbacioglu MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative treatment in primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH). However, HCT is associated with a wide range of late effects (LEs).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We sought to characterize the long-term outcome and LEs following HCT in pHLH.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 274 children with pHLH from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2004 and 2015 were included. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the adjusted impact of baseline variables on central nervous system and hormonal LEs, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A broad spectrum of LEs was identified, with neurologic (31%) and hormonal (34.8%) complications being the most prevalent. Chemotherapy (HLH-1994/HLH-2004) before HCT was identified as a significant risk factor for endocrinological LEs (<em>P</em> = .03), highlighting a novel aspect not previously reported. The presence of neurologic abnormality at diagnosis was an independent risk factor for neurologic LEs (<em>P</em> < .001) as was incomplete remission status at the time of HCT (<em>P</em> = .04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HCT has significantly improved survival in patients with pHLH. However, survivors still face significant risks of LEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages 486-494"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.07.030
Henning Olbrich MD , Sophie L. Preuß MD , Khalaf Kridin MD, PhD , Gema Hernandez PhD , Diamant Thaçi MD , Ralf J. Ludwig MD , Philip Curman MD, PhD
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and vaccination have unclear impacts on type 2 inflammatory diseases. Although viral infections can drive immune dysregulation, the extent to which COVID-19 infection and vaccination affect type 2 inflammatory diseases in various organ systems remains underexplored.
Objective
We sought to assess the risk of new-onset type 2 inflammatory diseases after COVID-19 infection and vaccination.
Methods
We conducted a large-scale retrospective matched cohort study using a US electronic health records database of more than 118 million patients. Three cohorts were defined: individuals with COVID-19 infection (n = 973,794), individuals with COVID-19 vaccination (n = 691,270), and unexposed controls (n = 4,388,409). Propensity score matching balanced demographic and clinical covariates. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis over 3-month follow-up.
Results
COVID-19 infection significantly increased the risks of asthma (HR 1.656, 95% CI 1.590-1.725), allergic rhinitis (HR 1.272, 95% CI 1.214-1.333), and chronic rhinosinusitis (HR 1.744, 95% CI 1.671-1.821). Risks for atopic dermatitis or eosinophilic esophagitis remained unchanged. In contrast, vaccination lowered the risks of asthma (HR 0.678, 95% CI 0.636-0.722) and chronic rhinosinusitis (HR 0.799, 95% CI 0.752-0.850). Direct comparison showed a 2- to 3-fold greater risk of respiratory type 2 inflammatory diseases with infection than with vaccination.
Conclusions
COVID-19 infection is associated with a heightened risk of respiratory type 2 inflammatory diseases, whereas vaccination appears protective.
{"title":"COVID-19 infection raises respiratory type 2 inflammatory disease risk, whereas vaccination is protective","authors":"Henning Olbrich MD , Sophie L. Preuß MD , Khalaf Kridin MD, PhD , Gema Hernandez PhD , Diamant Thaçi MD , Ralf J. Ludwig MD , Philip Curman MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.07.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.07.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and vaccination have unclear impacts on type 2 inflammatory diseases. Although viral infections can drive immune dysregulation, the extent to which COVID-19 infection and vaccination affect type 2 inflammatory diseases in various organ systems remains underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We sought to assess the risk of new-onset type 2 inflammatory diseases after COVID-19 infection and vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a large-scale retrospective matched cohort study using a US electronic health records database of more than 118 million patients. Three cohorts were defined: individuals with COVID-19 infection (n = 973,794), individuals with COVID-19 vaccination (n = 691,270), and unexposed controls (n = 4,388,409). Propensity score matching balanced demographic and clinical covariates. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis over 3-month follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>COVID-19 infection significantly increased the risks of asthma (HR 1.656, 95% CI 1.590-1.725), allergic rhinitis (HR 1.272, 95% CI 1.214-1.333), and chronic rhinosinusitis (HR 1.744, 95% CI 1.671-1.821). Risks for atopic dermatitis or eosinophilic esophagitis remained unchanged. In contrast, vaccination lowered the risks of asthma (HR 0.678, 95% CI 0.636-0.722) and chronic rhinosinusitis (HR 0.799, 95% CI 0.752-0.850). Direct comparison showed a 2- to 3-fold greater risk of respiratory type 2 inflammatory diseases with infection than with vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>COVID-19 infection is associated with a heightened risk of respiratory type 2 inflammatory diseases, whereas vaccination appears protective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages 517-524"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.09.031
Junqin Bai PhD , Lutfiyya N. Muhammad PhD , Aditi Agarwal MBBS , Julia Huang MS , Caroline P.E. Price , Regan Harmon , Aiko Oka MD, PhD , Masanori Kidoguchi MD, PhD , Joo-Hee Kim MD, PhD , Zhidi Luo MS , Siyuan Dong MS , Chun-Kang Liao MD , Brooke Gleason , Whitney W. Stevens MD, PhD , David B. Conley MD , Kevin C. Welch MD , Stephanie S. Smith MD , Anju T. Peters MD , Robert P. Schleimer PhD , Robert C. Kern MD , Bruce K. Tan MD, MS
Background
Polyp recurrence (PR) can occur in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We previously constructed a PR prediction model incorporating tissue biomarkers, including eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), IL-5, and anti–double-stranded DNA IgG, as well as clinical variables including the pre-ESS modified Lund-Mackay radiographic score and asthma status.
Objective
Our aim was to develop the model into a risk predictor score (RPS), validate it by using an independent set of patients, and test its ability to stratify patients by time to PR.
Methods
Two prospective cohorts of patients with CRSwNP (training and validation), were evaluated for PR for 2 to 5 years after ESS. Baseline demographics, pre-ESS radiographic and endoscopic assessments, and biomarker levels (using the ELISA and Luminex assays) were collected. The RPS was generated by using the prediction model coefficients as weights. Predictive accuracy was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The combined cohort was stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups based on RPS tertiles, and Cox regression was used to analyze associations with time to PR.
Results
The model combining ECP level, IL-5 level, level of anti–double-stranded DNA IgG, asthma status, and pre-ESS modified Lund-Mackay radiographic score reliably predicted PR in the validation set (area under the curve = 0.76), which was comparable to the value found for the training set (area under the curve = 0.89) (DeLong P = .19). Cox regression analysis showed significant differences in recurrence time across RPS tertiles. Patients with a high RPS had a median PR time of 38 months, which was significantly shorter than the PR time in the intermediate group (54 months) and that in the group with the lowest RPS (60 months) (both P values < .01).
Conclusions
This study validated the RPS as a predictor for post-ESS PR in an independent cohort of patients with CRSwNP and demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying high-risk patients with significantly shorter times to recurrence.
{"title":"Validation of a risk predictor score for early polyp recurrence in CRSwNP","authors":"Junqin Bai PhD , Lutfiyya N. Muhammad PhD , Aditi Agarwal MBBS , Julia Huang MS , Caroline P.E. Price , Regan Harmon , Aiko Oka MD, PhD , Masanori Kidoguchi MD, PhD , Joo-Hee Kim MD, PhD , Zhidi Luo MS , Siyuan Dong MS , Chun-Kang Liao MD , Brooke Gleason , Whitney W. Stevens MD, PhD , David B. Conley MD , Kevin C. Welch MD , Stephanie S. Smith MD , Anju T. Peters MD , Robert P. Schleimer PhD , Robert C. Kern MD , Bruce K. Tan MD, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.09.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.09.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Polyp recurrence (PR) can occur in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We previously constructed a PR prediction model incorporating tissue biomarkers, including eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), IL-5, and anti–double-stranded DNA IgG, as well as clinical variables including the pre-ESS modified Lund-Mackay radiographic score and asthma status.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our aim was to develop the model into a risk predictor score (RPS), validate it by using an independent set of patients, and test its ability to stratify patients by time to PR.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two prospective cohorts of patients with CRSwNP (training and validation), were evaluated for PR for 2 to 5 years after ESS. Baseline demographics, pre-ESS radiographic and endoscopic assessments, and biomarker levels (using the ELISA and Luminex assays) were collected. The RPS was generated by using the prediction model coefficients as weights. Predictive accuracy was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The combined cohort was stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups based on RPS tertiles, and Cox regression was used to analyze associations with time to PR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The model combining ECP level, IL-5 level, level of anti–double-stranded DNA IgG, asthma status, and pre-ESS modified Lund-Mackay radiographic score reliably predicted PR in the validation set (area under the curve = 0.76), which was comparable to the value found for the training set (area under the curve = 0.89) (DeLong <em>P</em> = .19). Cox regression analysis showed significant differences in recurrence time across RPS tertiles. Patients with a high RPS had a median PR time of 38 months, which was significantly shorter than the PR time in the intermediate group (54 months) and that in the group with the lowest RPS (60 months) (both <em>P</em> values < .01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study validated the RPS as a predictor for post-ESS PR in an independent cohort of patients with CRSwNP and demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying high-risk patients with significantly shorter times to recurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages 525-530.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.988
Pui Y. Lee MD, PhD , Roshini S. Abraham PhD
{"title":"The complex relationship between inborn errors of immunity and autoimmunity","authors":"Pui Y. Lee MD, PhD , Roshini S. Abraham PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.988","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages 337-339"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.990
Rebecca A. Marsh MD , Morton J. Cowan MD
{"title":"The evolving landscape of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Long-term outcomes following hematopoietic cell transplantation","authors":"Rebecca A. Marsh MD , Morton J. Cowan MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages 340-341"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/S0091-6749(25)02205-5
{"title":"CME Calendar-AAAAI","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0091-6749(25)02205-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0091-6749(25)02205-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"157 2","pages":"Pages A23-A24"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Berotralstat on Healthcare Resource Utilization in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema with Normal C1-Inhibitor","authors":"Bruce Zuraw MD , Tracy Yee , Francois Laliberte , Colleen Spencer , Sandra Nestler-Parr , Patrick Gillard , Sandra Christiansen MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"157 2","pages":"Page AB2"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-World Lanadelumab Effectiveness in Older Adults with HAE: Pooled Analysis From INTEGRATED and ENABLE","authors":"Mauro Cancian MD, PhD , Laurence Bouillet , Irmgard Andresen MD , Natalie Khutoryansky , Daniel Nova Estepan , Inmaculada Martinez-Saguer","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"157 2","pages":"Page AB4"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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