Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.46429/jaupr.v106i2.21162
J. Beaver, C. Estévez de Jensen, Abiezer González, T. Porch
RELEASE OF ‘ROSALINDA’ PINK BEAN CULTIVAR
“罗莎琳达”红豆品种上市
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Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.46429/jaupr.v106i2.21148
Chalier Dones-Ortiz, K. Domenech-Perez, H. Sánchez-Rodríguez, E. Jiménez-Cabán, Y. Torres-Burgos, Gabriela Guerrero-Florez, W. Torres-Ruiz, N. Peña-Alvarado
The myopathy known as white striping (WS) increases deposits of fatty tissue in breasts (Pectoralis major) of high yielding broiler chickens. This condition threatens the poultry industry as it decreases consumers’ willingness to purchase. To compare macroscopic (visual scoring) and microscopic (histological staining) methods as tools to assess WS, samples were collected from a trial evaluating the effects of growth rate (fast or slow) and L-carnitine supplementation (0 or 100 mg/kg) on performance parameters of broilers. Chicken breasts (Pectoralis major; n=144) were biopsied on the left cranial ventral region. Histological slides were prepared and stained (hematoxylin-eosin; H&E), photographed, and analyzed using ImageJ software. Increased incidence and severity of WS was visually observed in fast growing birds (P<0.0001) and those supplemented with 100 mg/kg of L-carnitine (P=0.0348). Fast growth rates increased average cell area (P=0.0315) and percentage of adipose tissue (P=0.0007), while cell count was higher in slow growing birds (P=0.0171). A significant correlation (r=0.2375; P=0.0043) was found between visual assessment of adipose tissue and percentage determined microscopically. Although it was possible to determine presence and severity of WS by using H&E staining, this technique is labor intensive and costly relative to subjective visual assessment, which is comparatively more resource efficient.
{"title":"The use of hematoxylin and eosin muscle staining and ImageJ as tools to assess the incidence and severity of white striping in chicken breast","authors":"Chalier Dones-Ortiz, K. Domenech-Perez, H. Sánchez-Rodríguez, E. Jiménez-Cabán, Y. Torres-Burgos, Gabriela Guerrero-Florez, W. Torres-Ruiz, N. Peña-Alvarado","doi":"10.46429/jaupr.v106i2.21148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v106i2.21148","url":null,"abstract":"The myopathy known as white striping (WS) increases deposits of fatty tissue in breasts (Pectoralis major) of high yielding broiler chickens. This condition threatens the poultry industry as it decreases consumers’ willingness to purchase. To compare macroscopic (visual scoring) and microscopic (histological staining) methods as tools to assess WS, samples were collected from a trial evaluating the effects of growth rate (fast or slow) and L-carnitine supplementation (0 or 100 mg/kg) on performance parameters of broilers. Chicken breasts (Pectoralis major; n=144) were biopsied on the left cranial ventral region. Histological slides were prepared and stained (hematoxylin-eosin; H&E), photographed, and analyzed using ImageJ software. Increased incidence and severity of WS was visually observed in fast growing birds (P<0.0001) and those supplemented with 100 mg/kg of L-carnitine (P=0.0348). Fast growth rates increased average cell area (P=0.0315) and percentage of adipose tissue (P=0.0007), while cell count was higher in slow growing birds (P=0.0171). A significant correlation (r=0.2375; P=0.0043) was found between visual assessment of adipose tissue and percentage determined microscopically. Although it was possible to determine presence and severity of WS by using H&E staining, this technique is labor intensive and costly relative to subjective visual assessment, which is comparatively more resource efficient.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45978574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20084
Mónica X. Toledo-Villafañe, Jaime E. Curbelo-Rodríguez, Marcela G. Marreo, Luis Viera-González, Enrique Martínez-Loarte, Suzika Pagán-Riestra, Angélica M. Alvarado-Narváez, Luis Rodríguez-Rosado, Raúl Pérez-Rodríguez, Aníbal Ruiz-Lugo
La asociación entre el perfil de patógenos causantes de mastitis en muestras de leche del tanque de almacenamiento y las prácticas de ordeño fueron evaluadas entre hatos con alta (n=15) y baja (n=14) calidad de leche. La categorización por calidad de leche se estableció a partir del recuento de células somáticas (RCS) y el recuento bacteriano (RB) según los datos de calidad de leche generados por la Oficina de la Reglamentación de la Industria Lechera de Puerto Rico durante los meses de agosto a septiembre de 2016. El perfil de los patógenos se determinó usando la prueba molecular PathoProof™ Mastitis Complete-16 Kit mientras que las prácticas de ordeño empleadas en cada hato se determinaron a través de un cuestionario cumplimentadopresencialmente. El análisis estadístico fue realizado con un PROC TTEST para determinar diferencias en los promedios del RCS y RB entre los grupos y tablas de contingencia para calcular la asociación entre las prácticas de ordeño y el perfil de patógenos causantes de mastitis según la categoría por calidad de leche. Diferencias entre los grupos de baja y alta calidad de leche fueron reportadas (P < 0.001) para los promedios del RCS (1,029,285 ± 76,879 vs. 212,667 ± 13,954 cél/mL) y RB (139,928 ± 47,474 vs. 4,440 ± 580.6 UFC/mL), respectivamente. Se detectaron diferencias entre las prácticas de ordeño en los hatos lecheros con alta y baja calidad (P < 0.05). Los patógenos causantes de mastitis con mayor prevalencia en hatos lecheros con leche de baja calidad fueron Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus y Klebsiella spp., con 92.9%, 71.4%, 57.1%, y 35.7%, respectivamente. Mientras que Serratia marcescens tuvo una mayor prevalencia, con 40% en hatos con leche de alta calidad (P < 0.05). El incrementar el conocimiento de los ordeñadores acerca de la influencia que tiene cada práctica de ordeño sobre la calidad de la leche es imperante para que los hatos lecheros produzcan leche de calidad.
在本研究中，我们评估了在高品质(n=15)和低品质(n=14)牛群中引起乳腺炎的病原体谱与挤奶实践之间的关系。牛奶的质量分类数起了体细胞(RCS)细胞和细菌计数(RB)数据表明牛奶质量监管办公室所波多黎各乳制品行业在2016年8月至9月。使用PathoProof™乳腺炎Complete-16试剂盒分子测试确定病原体概况，而每个畜群使用的挤奶做法通过亲自填写的问卷确定。本研究的目的是确定乳腺炎致病菌的分布情况，以确定乳腺炎致病菌的分布情况，并确定乳腺炎致病菌的分布情况，以确定乳腺炎致病菌的分布情况，以确定乳腺炎致病菌的分布情况。低品质组和高品质组的scr平均值(1.029.285±76.879 vs. 212.667±13.954 cel /mL)和RB平均值(139.928±47.474 vs. 4.440±580.6 cfu /mL)差异显著(P < 0.001)。本研究的目的是评估奶牛的挤奶方式，以确定奶牛的最佳挤奶方式，并确定奶牛的最佳挤奶方式。在低品质奶牛场中，引起乳腺炎的病原菌以无乳链球菌、牛棒状杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和克雷伯氏菌为主，分别为92.9%、71.4%、57.1%和35.7%。在优质牛奶中，沙雷氏菌的患病率为40% (P < 0.05)。为了提高奶牛群生产优质牛奶的能力，提高挤奶者对每种挤奶方式对牛奶质量影响的认识是至关重要的。
{"title":"Asociación entre el perfil de patógenos causantes de mastitis y prácticas de ordeño en hatos lecheros en Puerto Rico","authors":"Mónica X. Toledo-Villafañe, Jaime E. Curbelo-Rodríguez, Marcela G. Marreo, Luis Viera-González, Enrique Martínez-Loarte, Suzika Pagán-Riestra, Angélica M. Alvarado-Narváez, Luis Rodríguez-Rosado, Raúl Pérez-Rodríguez, Aníbal Ruiz-Lugo","doi":"10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20084","url":null,"abstract":"La asociación entre el perfil de patógenos causantes de mastitis en muestras de leche del tanque de almacenamiento y las prácticas de ordeño fueron evaluadas entre hatos con alta (n=15) y baja (n=14) calidad de leche. La categorización por calidad de leche se estableció a partir del recuento de células somáticas (RCS) y el recuento bacteriano (RB) según los datos de calidad de leche generados por la Oficina de la Reglamentación de la Industria Lechera de Puerto Rico durante los meses de agosto a septiembre de 2016. El perfil de los patógenos se determinó usando la prueba molecular PathoProof™ Mastitis Complete-16 Kit mientras que las prácticas de ordeño empleadas en cada hato se determinaron a través de un cuestionario cumplimentadopresencialmente. El análisis estadístico fue realizado con un PROC TTEST para determinar diferencias en los promedios del RCS y RB entre los grupos y tablas de contingencia para calcular la asociación entre las prácticas de ordeño y el perfil de patógenos causantes de mastitis según la categoría por calidad de leche. Diferencias entre los grupos de baja y alta calidad de leche fueron reportadas (P < 0.001) para los promedios del RCS (1,029,285 ± 76,879 vs. 212,667 ± 13,954 cél/mL) y RB (139,928 ± 47,474 vs. 4,440 ± 580.6 UFC/mL), respectivamente. Se detectaron diferencias entre las prácticas de ordeño en los hatos lecheros con alta y baja calidad (P < 0.05). Los patógenos causantes de mastitis con mayor prevalencia en hatos lecheros con leche de baja calidad fueron Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus y Klebsiella spp., con 92.9%, 71.4%, 57.1%, y 35.7%, respectivamente. Mientras que Serratia marcescens tuvo una mayor prevalencia, con 40% en hatos con leche de alta calidad (P < 0.05). El incrementar el conocimiento de los ordeñadores acerca de la influencia que tiene cada práctica de ordeño sobre la calidad de la leche es imperante para que los hatos lecheros produzcan leche de calidad.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46388709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20082
A. P. Ríos, Abner A. Rodríguez-Carías, Aixa Rivera, John Fernández Van Cleve
Se evaluó el efecto de alimentar corderos criollos en crecimiento con raciones totales conteniendo dos niveles porcentuales (D1 y D2) de nutrientes digeribles totales (NDT) sobre el consumo voluntario de materia seca (CVMS), la ganancia en peso diaria (GPD) y total (GPT) y la conversión alimenticia (CA). El efecto de las dietas sobre el rendimiento de la canal, rendimiento de cortes principales y al detal, y la calidad de la carne fueron evaluados luego del sacrificio. El rendimiento productivo se evaluó utilizando un diseño completamente aleatorio con dos tratamientos y tres repeticiones, usando la jaula como unidad experimental; se utilizaron 18corderos criollos, tres por cada jaula. Las dietas que se evaluaron satisfacen los requerimientos nutricionales de proteína bruta (PB) (13.3%) con 66% y 73.33% de NDT, para D1 y D2, respectivamente. La D1 contenía 40% heno de gramíneas y 60% concentrado comercial y la D2 una proporción 66:34 de alfalfa y maíz picado. Ambas dietas fueron ofrecidas al 4% del peso vivo del animal en base seca (CDPV). Durante la prueba de rendimientoproductivo se determinó el estrés por calor utilizando como referencia el índice de temperatura-humedad (ITH) y los parámetros fisiológicos de los corderos: ritmo respiratorio (RR), ritmo cardiaco (RC) y temperatura rectal(TR). Después de 40 días de alimentación los corderos fueron sacrificados a un peso vivo promedio de 25 kg. Para determinar los rendimientos de la canal y calidad se utilizó el cordero individual como unidad experimental. Durante el proceso de la matanza se evaluó el peso de canal caliente y canal fría y sus repectivos rendimientos. Para la determinación de la calidad de la carne, se evaluó el pH, el color, la capacidad de retención de agua, la terneza y el contenido de nutrientes, utilizando el músculo Longissimus dorsi. El experimento se realizó bajo condiciones de estrés por calor con ITH mayores de 72 (ITH promedio de 77.23) y parámetros fisiológicos de RC promedio de 97.01 pulsaciones por minuto (pul/min) y RR promedio de 56.64 respiraciones por minuto (resp/min), valores mayores al óptimo considerado para ovinos en su zona de confort térmico. La TR promedio (39.25) se mantuvo dentro de los valores óptimos. Los valores óptimos para dichos parámetros son 39 a 40 °C de TR, 70 a 90 pul/min y 10 a 20 resp/min (Sheep Production Handbook, 2002). El CDPV fue mayor (P<0.01) en corderos alimentados con D2 (3.77%) que con D1 (3.35%). El alimento (g/d) consumido, ofrecido y rechazado fue similar para ambas dietas experimentales. En ambas dietas se logró la GPD establecida de 100 g/d (D1= 104.44 g/d y D2= 106.33 g/d). El peso de canal caliente (PCC) y canal fría (PCF) y rendimiento de la canal caliente (RCC) y canal fría (RCF) de los corderos fue similar entre tratamientos. Los PCC y PCF para D1 fueron 9.47 kg y 9.35 kg, respectivamente, mientras que con D2 se obtuvieron valores de 9.74 kg y 9.47 kg. El RCC fue: D1= 37.53% y D2= 38.87%, y en el RCF se obtuvieron valore
{"title":"Rendimiento productivo, características de la canal y cortes y calidad de carne de corderos alimentados con raciones completas conteniendo dos niveles de nutrientes digeribles totales","authors":"A. P. Ríos, Abner A. Rodríguez-Carías, Aixa Rivera, John Fernández Van Cleve","doi":"10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20082","url":null,"abstract":"Se evaluó el efecto de alimentar corderos criollos en crecimiento con raciones totales conteniendo dos niveles porcentuales (D1 y D2) de nutrientes digeribles totales (NDT) sobre el consumo voluntario de materia seca (CVMS), la ganancia en peso diaria (GPD) y total (GPT) y la conversión alimenticia (CA). El efecto de las dietas sobre el rendimiento de la canal, rendimiento de cortes principales y al detal, y la calidad de la carne fueron evaluados luego del sacrificio. El rendimiento productivo se evaluó utilizando un diseño completamente aleatorio con dos tratamientos y tres repeticiones, usando la jaula como unidad experimental; se utilizaron 18corderos criollos, tres por cada jaula. Las dietas que se evaluaron satisfacen los requerimientos nutricionales de proteína bruta (PB) (13.3%) con 66% y 73.33% de NDT, para D1 y D2, respectivamente. La D1 contenía 40% heno de gramíneas y 60% concentrado comercial y la D2 una proporción 66:34 de alfalfa y maíz picado. Ambas dietas fueron ofrecidas al 4% del peso vivo del animal en base seca (CDPV). Durante la prueba de rendimientoproductivo se determinó el estrés por calor utilizando como referencia el índice de temperatura-humedad (ITH) y los parámetros fisiológicos de los corderos: ritmo respiratorio (RR), ritmo cardiaco (RC) y temperatura rectal(TR). Después de 40 días de alimentación los corderos fueron sacrificados a un peso vivo promedio de 25 kg. Para determinar los rendimientos de la canal y calidad se utilizó el cordero individual como unidad experimental. Durante el proceso de la matanza se evaluó el peso de canal caliente y canal fría y sus repectivos rendimientos. Para la determinación de la calidad de la carne, se evaluó el pH, el color, la capacidad de retención de agua, la terneza y el contenido de nutrientes, utilizando el músculo Longissimus dorsi. El experimento se realizó bajo condiciones de estrés por calor con ITH mayores de 72 (ITH promedio de 77.23) y parámetros fisiológicos de RC promedio de 97.01 pulsaciones por minuto (pul/min) y RR promedio de 56.64 respiraciones por minuto (resp/min), valores mayores al óptimo considerado para ovinos en su zona de confort térmico. La TR promedio (39.25) se mantuvo dentro de los valores óptimos. Los valores óptimos para dichos parámetros son 39 a 40 °C de TR, 70 a 90 pul/min y 10 a 20 resp/min (Sheep Production Handbook, 2002). El CDPV fue mayor (P<0.01) en corderos alimentados con D2 (3.77%) que con D1 (3.35%). El alimento (g/d) consumido, ofrecido y rechazado fue similar para ambas dietas experimentales. En ambas dietas se logró la GPD establecida de 100 g/d (D1= 104.44 g/d y D2= 106.33 g/d). El peso de canal caliente (PCC) y canal fría (PCF) y rendimiento de la canal caliente (RCC) y canal fría (RCF) de los corderos fue similar entre tratamientos. Los PCC y PCF para D1 fueron 9.47 kg y 9.35 kg, respectivamente, mientras que con D2 se obtuvieron valores de 9.74 kg y 9.47 kg. El RCC fue: D1= 37.53% y D2= 38.87%, y en el RCF se obtuvieron valore","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43044726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20074
E. Román-Paoli, J. Ortiz-López, José Zamora-Echevarría, Félix M. Román-Pérez
In Puerto Rico, the most commonly planted citrus crops are oranges, mandarins and limes. Farmers still have an interest in citrus production despite the detrimental effect of the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease on island orchards. Vector control and use of slow-release fertilizers (SRF) and soluble fertilizer (SF) applications to the soil are among the recommended management practices to increase citrus production. In 2009, the Department of Agriculture of Puerto Rico (DAPR) appointed the fruit tree specialist from the University of Puerto Rico and a DAPR staff member to evaluate the condition of citrus production in Puerto Rico. Based on that evaluation, DAPR developed an initiative to increase the number of marketable fruits of oranges, mandarins, and limes from trees between five and 12 years of age by promoting the use of SRF in combination with SF applications to the soil. An experiment was established during 2011 in a seven-year-old ‘Tahiti’ limeorchard in Ciales, Puerto Rico, to compare fertilization methods promoted by the DAPR with conventional methods, estimating the profitability of each method. The DAPR fertilizer recommendations were developed specifically for situations where HBL is present. In the orchards under study, HBL was not observed and therefore not tested. This does not mean that trees were not infected because symptoms may take months or years to become visible. The fertilization methods evaluated were: (1) granular fertilizers applied every four months (conventional fertilization), (2) manual application of SRF twice a year plus the application of SF to the soil with a backpack sprayer four times a year (SRF+SF/backpack), (3) manual application of SRF twice a year plus the application of SF to the soil with a motorized sprayer four times a year (SRF+SF/motorized), and (4) manual application of SRF twice a year. Total fruit number, total fruit weight, and average fruit weight were measured. Harvests were carried out monthly for 15 months. In the first seven harvests, the performance of trees submitted to the combination of SRF and SF was more efficient than was conventional fertilization or SRF alone, since the same production was maintained using a considerably lower amount of nutrients. At 14 months, the application twice a year of SRF alone almost doubled yield although the effect of this treatment was inconsistent during the year. We estimate that the combination of SRF and SF applications to the soil will result in the highest profitability with an income of $27 per tree per year and a profitability of $8.05 per dollar spent.
{"title":"Fertilization methods affecting ‘Tahiti’ lime (Citrus latifolia) fruit yield and profitability","authors":"E. Román-Paoli, J. Ortiz-López, José Zamora-Echevarría, Félix M. Román-Pérez","doi":"10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20074","url":null,"abstract":"In Puerto Rico, the most commonly planted citrus crops are oranges, mandarins and limes. Farmers still have an interest in citrus production despite the detrimental effect of the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease on island orchards. Vector control and use of slow-release fertilizers (SRF) and soluble fertilizer (SF) applications to the soil are among the recommended management practices to increase citrus production. In 2009, the Department of Agriculture of Puerto Rico (DAPR) appointed the fruit tree specialist from the University of Puerto Rico and a DAPR staff member to evaluate the condition of citrus production in Puerto Rico. Based on that evaluation, DAPR developed an initiative to increase the number of marketable fruits of oranges, mandarins, and limes from trees between five and 12 years of age by promoting the use of SRF in combination with SF applications to the soil. An experiment was established during 2011 in a seven-year-old ‘Tahiti’ limeorchard in Ciales, Puerto Rico, to compare fertilization methods promoted by the DAPR with conventional methods, estimating the profitability of each method. The DAPR fertilizer recommendations were developed specifically for situations where HBL is present. In the orchards under study, HBL was not observed and therefore not tested. This does not mean that trees were not infected because symptoms may take months or years to become visible. The fertilization methods evaluated were: (1) granular fertilizers applied every four months (conventional fertilization), (2) manual application of SRF twice a year plus the application of SF to the soil with a backpack sprayer four times a year (SRF+SF/backpack), (3) manual application of SRF twice a year plus the application of SF to the soil with a motorized sprayer four times a year (SRF+SF/motorized), and (4) manual application of SRF twice a year. Total fruit number, total fruit weight, and average fruit weight were measured. Harvests were carried out monthly for 15 months. In the first seven harvests, the performance of trees submitted to the combination of SRF and SF was more efficient than was conventional fertilization or SRF alone, since the same production was maintained using a considerably lower amount of nutrients. At 14 months, the application twice a year of SRF alone almost doubled yield although the effect of this treatment was inconsistent during the year. We estimate that the combination of SRF and SF applications to the soil will result in the highest profitability with an income of $27 per tree per year and a profitability of $8.05 per dollar spent. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43727217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20071
Jorge L. Lugo-Camacho, S. Indorante, J. Kabrick, M. Muñoz
Soil temperature measurements from a Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) monitoring site in the Ozark Highlands Major Land Resource Area (MLRA 116A) were evaluated on landscapes comprising Typic Fragiudults (Scholten series) and Typic Paleudults (Poynor series). The five soil forming factors were similarfor both soils, with the major difference between the adjacent soils being a fragipan in the Scholten series. Air and soil temperatures were collected from a weather station of the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service near the border of the mesic soil temperature regime and udic soil moisture regime zone. The mean annual soil temperature observed in the Scholten soil (13.5° C) was0.5° C cooler than the mean annual soil temperature in the Poynor soil (14.0° C). This study showed little difference in mean soil temperatures between soiltypes from January to April and from August to December. During the months of May, June and July, the Poynor mean soil temperature was higher (by 1.1° C, 1.4° C and 1.2° C, respectively) than the Scholten mean soil temperature.According to this study, it is possible that the mean annual soil temperature of fragipan soils is cooler than adjacent soils with no fragipan properties. Thegreatest differences between mean soil temperature and mean air temperature were observed during the months of November (5.1° C for Scholten soil and 5.3°C for Poynor soil); December (5.0° C for Scholten soil and 4.9° C for Poynor soil); and January (4.5° C for Scholten soil and 4.4° C for Poynor soil). The smallestdifference was during the month of March (0° C for Scholten soil and 0.3° C for Poynor soil). This study also indicated that the mean annual soil temperature in the Ozark Highlands can vary by soil series depending on soil properties affecting heat transfer within pedons.
{"title":"Soil temperature variations between a Typic Fragiudults and a Typic Paleudults in the Ozark Highlands of Missouri","authors":"Jorge L. Lugo-Camacho, S. Indorante, J. Kabrick, M. Muñoz","doi":"10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20071","url":null,"abstract":"Soil temperature measurements from a Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) monitoring site in the Ozark Highlands Major Land Resource Area (MLRA 116A) were evaluated on landscapes comprising Typic Fragiudults (Scholten series) and Typic Paleudults (Poynor series). The five soil forming factors were similarfor both soils, with the major difference between the adjacent soils being a fragipan in the Scholten series. Air and soil temperatures were collected from a weather station of the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service near the border of the mesic soil temperature regime and udic soil moisture regime zone. The mean annual soil temperature observed in the Scholten soil (13.5° C) was0.5° C cooler than the mean annual soil temperature in the Poynor soil (14.0° C). This study showed little difference in mean soil temperatures between soiltypes from January to April and from August to December. During the months of May, June and July, the Poynor mean soil temperature was higher (by 1.1° C, 1.4° C and 1.2° C, respectively) than the Scholten mean soil temperature.According to this study, it is possible that the mean annual soil temperature of fragipan soils is cooler than adjacent soils with no fragipan properties. Thegreatest differences between mean soil temperature and mean air temperature were observed during the months of November (5.1° C for Scholten soil and 5.3°C for Poynor soil); December (5.0° C for Scholten soil and 4.9° C for Poynor soil); and January (4.5° C for Scholten soil and 4.4° C for Poynor soil). The smallestdifference was during the month of March (0° C for Scholten soil and 0.3° C for Poynor soil). This study also indicated that the mean annual soil temperature in the Ozark Highlands can vary by soil series depending on soil properties affecting heat transfer within pedons.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44860322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20079
L. Sarmiento, Diego M. Viteri, Angela M. Linares-Ramírez, Kelvin González
El gandul [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mills.] es una fuente importante de proteína en la dieta humana. En Puerto Rico, se han desarrollado genotipos de crecimiento determinado e insensitivos al fotoperiodo, sin embargo, supotencial productivo necesita ser evaluado. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar la evaluación agronómica de 15 genotipos de gandul en Isabela y Lajas en el 2017 y 2018. Se registraron variablescuantitativas [e.g., días a floración y cosecha, rendimiento (t/ha), entre otras] y cualitativas (e.g., sensitivad al fotoperiodo, color de tallo, flor, vaina y semilla) para cada genotipo. Se observaron diferencias significativasentre los ensayos sembrados en noviembre de 2017 y abril de 2018. Los genotipos ‘Cortada’, ‘Guerrero’, ‘ICP 13207’, ‘ICP 7035’, ICP 7193, ‘Pinto Berrocales’, ‘Pinto original’ y ‘Super pinto’ fueron sensitivos al fotoperiodo.Los genotipos de maduración temprana fueron ‘ICPL 86012’ e ICP 98030, con 118 a 125 días, en las siembras de noviembre de 2017, y con 112 a 145 días en las siembras de abril de 2018, en las dos localidades. El cultivar conmejor rendimiento de semilla seca en Isabela fue ‘Lázaro’ (0.70 t/ha) en las siembras de 2017, e ICP 7193 (0.59 t/ha), en las siembras de 2018. En Lajas, los genotipos ‘Guerrero’ e ICP 7193 tuvieron los mejores rendimientos en semilla seca (1.89 y 1.81 t/ha, respectivamente) en 2017; mientras que ICP 7193 e ICP 98030 produjeron 0.97 y 0.84 t/ha, respectivamente, en 2018. Estos genotipos pueden ser utilizados para generar germoplasma insensitivo al fotoperiodo, precoces y con alto potencial productivo.
{"title":"Evaluación agronómica de 15 genotipos de gandul [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] en Isabela y Lajas, Puerto Rico","authors":"L. Sarmiento, Diego M. Viteri, Angela M. Linares-Ramírez, Kelvin González","doi":"10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20079","url":null,"abstract":"El gandul [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mills.] es una fuente importante de proteína en la dieta humana. En Puerto Rico, se han desarrollado genotipos de crecimiento determinado e insensitivos al fotoperiodo, sin embargo, supotencial productivo necesita ser evaluado. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar la evaluación agronómica de 15 genotipos de gandul en Isabela y Lajas en el 2017 y 2018. Se registraron variablescuantitativas [e.g., días a floración y cosecha, rendimiento (t/ha), entre otras] y cualitativas (e.g., sensitivad al fotoperiodo, color de tallo, flor, vaina y semilla) para cada genotipo. Se observaron diferencias significativasentre los ensayos sembrados en noviembre de 2017 y abril de 2018. Los genotipos ‘Cortada’, ‘Guerrero’, ‘ICP 13207’, ‘ICP 7035’, ICP 7193, ‘Pinto Berrocales’, ‘Pinto original’ y ‘Super pinto’ fueron sensitivos al fotoperiodo.Los genotipos de maduración temprana fueron ‘ICPL 86012’ e ICP 98030, con 118 a 125 días, en las siembras de noviembre de 2017, y con 112 a 145 días en las siembras de abril de 2018, en las dos localidades. El cultivar conmejor rendimiento de semilla seca en Isabela fue ‘Lázaro’ (0.70 t/ha) en las siembras de 2017, e ICP 7193 (0.59 t/ha), en las siembras de 2018. En Lajas, los genotipos ‘Guerrero’ e ICP 7193 tuvieron los mejores rendimientos en semilla seca (1.89 y 1.81 t/ha, respectivamente) en 2017; mientras que ICP 7193 e ICP 98030 produjeron 0.97 y 0.84 t/ha, respectivamente, en 2018. Estos genotipos pueden ser utilizados para generar germoplasma insensitivo al fotoperiodo, precoces y con alto potencial productivo.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48722685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20086
V. Snyder, M. Vázquez
COMPARISON OF THE CASAGRANDE AND DROP-CONE PENETROMETER METHODS FOR MEASURING THE LIQUID LIMIT IN PUERTO RICAN SOILS
CASAGRANDE和液滴渗透计法测定波多黎各土壤液限的比较
{"title":"COMPARISON OF THE CASAGRANDE AND DROP-CONE PENETROMETER METHODS FOR MEASURING THE LIQUID LIMIT IN PUERTO RICAN SOILS","authors":"V. Snyder, M. Vázquez","doi":"10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20086","url":null,"abstract":"COMPARISON OF THE CASAGRANDE AND DROP-CONE PENETROMETER METHODS FOR MEASURING THE LIQUID LIMIT IN PUERTO RICAN SOILS","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45579655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20087
S. Fuentes-Aponte, Merari Feliciano-Rivera, L. Rivera-Vargas, A. González-Vélez
FIRST REPORT OF COLLETOTRICHUM ALATAE ON WATER YAM (DIOSCOREA ALATA) CAUSING LEAF ANTHRACNOSE IN PUERTO RICO
水薯蓣炭疽病的初步研究
{"title":"FIRST REPORT OF COLLETOTRICHUM ALATAE ON WATER YAM (DIOSCOREA ALATA) CAUSING LEAF ANTHRACNOSE IN PUERTO RICO","authors":"S. Fuentes-Aponte, Merari Feliciano-Rivera, L. Rivera-Vargas, A. González-Vélez","doi":"10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20087","url":null,"abstract":"FIRST REPORT OF COLLETOTRICHUM ALATAE ON WATER YAM (DIOSCOREA ALATA) CAUSING LEAF ANTHRACNOSE IN PUERTO RICO","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20073
Jodelin Seldon, V. Snyder, E. Harmsen, Skip J. Van Bloem
Drought mortality of juvenile trees is a major cause for failure ofreforestation projects. Portable devices such as passive radiative dew condensers can often provide 0.15 L/day of water in situ, possibly sufficient for tree survival until roots can access groundwater, allowingself-sustainability. To evaluate growth and survivability of juvenile trees of Tabebuia heterophylla Britton and Swietenia macrophylla King under suchlow water amounts, juvenile trees received approximately 0.033, 0.067, 0.134, 0.201 and 0.268 L/tree/day, representing fractions (relative evapotranspirationor RET) of 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 of the evapotranspiration demand (ETo). The experiment lasted 60 days for S. macrophylla and 90 days for T. heterophylla. All T. heterophylla juvenile trees survived even at the lowestirrigation rate. However, S. macrophylla juvenile trees began dying at RET < 0.5, with only 60 percent surviving at RET = 0.25 (0.067 L/day) and 100 percentmortality occurring at RET = 0.125 (0.033 L/day). Water requirements of 0.134 L/day, necessary for full survival of both species, were within the typical production capacity of 1-m2 dew condensers. However, a greater safetyfactor is obtained using drought tolerant species such as T. heterophylla, which can survive under water application rates as low as 0.03 L/day.
{"title":"Water requirements for growth and survival of Swietenia macrophylla and Tabebuia heterophylla juvenile trees in relation to water production capacity of dew condensers","authors":"Jodelin Seldon, V. Snyder, E. Harmsen, Skip J. Van Bloem","doi":"10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20073","url":null,"abstract":"Drought mortality of juvenile trees is a major cause for failure ofreforestation projects. Portable devices such as passive radiative dew condensers can often provide 0.15 L/day of water in situ, possibly sufficient for tree survival until roots can access groundwater, allowingself-sustainability. To evaluate growth and survivability of juvenile trees of Tabebuia heterophylla Britton and Swietenia macrophylla King under suchlow water amounts, juvenile trees received approximately 0.033, 0.067, 0.134, 0.201 and 0.268 L/tree/day, representing fractions (relative evapotranspirationor RET) of 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 of the evapotranspiration demand (ETo). The experiment lasted 60 days for S. macrophylla and 90 days for T. heterophylla. All T. heterophylla juvenile trees survived even at the lowestirrigation rate. However, S. macrophylla juvenile trees began dying at RET < 0.5, with only 60 percent surviving at RET = 0.25 (0.067 L/day) and 100 percentmortality occurring at RET = 0.125 (0.033 L/day). Water requirements of 0.134 L/day, necessary for full survival of both species, were within the typical production capacity of 1-m2 dew condensers. However, a greater safetyfactor is obtained using drought tolerant species such as T. heterophylla, which can survive under water application rates as low as 0.03 L/day.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43173853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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