Pub Date : 2021-06-04DOI: 10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19039
L. Rivera-Vargas, Manuel Pérez-Cuevas, Irma Cabrera-Asencio, M. R. Suárez-Rozo, Luz M. Serrato-Díaz
This is the first comprehensive study to identify fungal pathogens of mango (Mangifera indica L.) inflorescences in Puerto Rico. A total of 452 mango inflorescences were collected from four cultivars at seven developmental stages during two blooming seasons. Samples were gathered from the germplasm collection at the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico in Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico. Eight different symptoms were observed: cankers, flower abortion, powdery mildew, rachis necrotic lesions, rachis soft rot, tip blight, vascular wilt, and insect perforations with necrotic borders. Necrosis was the most prevalent symptom (47%), followed by powdery mildew (19%) and tip blight (6%). Symptoms of malformation were never observed in the field. Using a modified Horsfall and Barratt scale, data on all mango cultivars pooled from two blooming seasons showed that the full bloom stage, the last inflorescence developmental stage (G), displayed the highest mean disease severity (42.67%). This severity value was significantly higher than those of the other developmental stages evaluated (P<0.05). Early inflorescence developmental stages were asymptomatic or showed the lowest percentage of disease severity. An ANOVA was performed to compare disease severity among all mango cultivars regardless of developmental stage. Results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between mean disease severity of cultivars ‘Parvin’ and ‘Haden’. Mean disease severity was higher in ‘Haden’ (20%) when compared to ‘Parvin’ (10.7%). There were no statistical differences in mean disease severity between cultivars ‘Irwin’, ‘Keitt’ and ‘Parvin’, or between ‘Irwin’, ‘Haden’ and ‘Keitt’. In addition to the powdery mildew caused by Pseudoidium anacardii, 26 genera of fungi, mainly of Ascomycetes, 1Manuscript submitted to Editorial Board 18 June 2019. 2This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project H-425. The authors thank agronomists Víctor M. González, Luis E. Collazo and Lorena L. Simbaña for their assistance in the development of this research. 3Professor, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto RicoMayagüez, Mayagüez, P.R. 00680; e-mail: lydiai.rivera@upr.edu. 4Ex-graduate student, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez. 5Professor, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural Experiment Station, Juana Díaz, P.R. 0079. 6Research Associate, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez. 7Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS-Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 2200 P.A. Campos Avenue Ste. 201, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00680-5470. 140 RiveRa-vaRgas et al./Fungi oF Mango inFloRescences were identified from a total of 569 fungal isolates, from symptomatic and asymptomatic inflorescences. The most common fungi were: Diaporthe spp. (29%), followed by members of the Botryosphaeri
{"title":"Fungal pathogens of mango (Mangifera indica L.) inflorescences","authors":"L. Rivera-Vargas, Manuel Pérez-Cuevas, Irma Cabrera-Asencio, M. R. Suárez-Rozo, Luz M. Serrato-Díaz","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19039","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first comprehensive study to identify fungal pathogens of mango (Mangifera indica L.) inflorescences in Puerto Rico. A total of 452 mango inflorescences were collected from four cultivars at seven developmental stages during two blooming seasons. Samples were gathered from the germplasm collection at the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico in Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico. Eight different symptoms were observed: cankers, flower abortion, powdery mildew, rachis necrotic lesions, rachis soft rot, tip blight, vascular wilt, and insect perforations with necrotic borders. Necrosis was the most prevalent symptom (47%), followed by powdery mildew (19%) and tip blight (6%). Symptoms of malformation were never observed in the field. Using a modified Horsfall and Barratt scale, data on all mango cultivars pooled from two blooming seasons showed that the full bloom stage, the last inflorescence developmental stage (G), displayed the highest mean disease severity (42.67%). This severity value was significantly higher than those of the other developmental stages evaluated (P<0.05). Early inflorescence developmental stages were asymptomatic or showed the lowest percentage of disease severity. An ANOVA was performed to compare disease severity among all mango cultivars regardless of developmental stage. Results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between mean disease severity of cultivars ‘Parvin’ and ‘Haden’. Mean disease severity was higher in ‘Haden’ (20%) when compared to ‘Parvin’ (10.7%). There were no statistical differences in mean disease severity between cultivars ‘Irwin’, ‘Keitt’ and ‘Parvin’, or between ‘Irwin’, ‘Haden’ and ‘Keitt’. In addition to the powdery mildew caused by Pseudoidium anacardii, 26 genera of fungi, mainly of Ascomycetes, 1Manuscript submitted to Editorial Board 18 June 2019. 2This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project H-425. The authors thank agronomists Víctor M. González, Luis E. Collazo and Lorena L. Simbaña for their assistance in the development of this research. 3Professor, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto RicoMayagüez, Mayagüez, P.R. 00680; e-mail: lydiai.rivera@upr.edu. 4Ex-graduate student, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez. 5Professor, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural Experiment Station, Juana Díaz, P.R. 0079. 6Research Associate, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez. 7Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS-Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 2200 P.A. Campos Avenue Ste. 201, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00680-5470. 140 RiveRa-vaRgas et al./Fungi oF Mango inFloRescences were identified from a total of 569 fungal isolates, from symptomatic and asymptomatic inflorescences. The most common fungi were: Diaporthe spp. (29%), followed by members of the Botryosphaeri","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"7 1","pages":"139-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83194072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19037
Kenneth A. Rivera-Acosta
{"title":"Willingness to pay for the conservation of an urban forest at the Montaña farm, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico","authors":"Kenneth A. Rivera-Acosta","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"62 1","pages":"113-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74467655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19041
A. Rodríguez-Carías, Jose Israel Suarez-Rodriguez, Jonathan Collazo, J. F. Cleve
The objective of this study was to determine physiological parameters (rectal temperature = RT, respiratory rate = RR, heart rate = HR) and production parameters (dry matter intake = DMI, water intake = WI, average daily weight gain = ADG, and feed conversion = FC) of crossbred and Katahdin lambs raised in rotational grazing of native pastures (NP) and in confinement under heat stress conditions. Nine crossbred lambs (average initial weight = 19.4 kg) were used and fed in a rotational grazing system for 70 days with occupation and rest periods of seven and 21 days, respectively. The lambs had daily access to the grazing area for four to six hours, grass hay and water ad libitum, a daily supplement of 100 g of commercial concentrate and a nutritional block. In the confined system, six lambs of the Katahdin breed (average initial weight = 27.3 kg) were used, and for 28 days these were fed total mixed rations (TMR) containing 30% grass hay, 15.4% soybean meal, 54.6% corn grain and a mineral block. The diet contained 14% Crude Protein (CP) and 66% Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and was formulated for an ADG of 200 g. The offered and rejected feed was quantified every day [4% body weight (BW)/dry matter basis (DMB)] to determine the DMI, and the volume of water offered and rejected to determine WI. To validate the stress conditions, the maximum environmental temperature and relative humidity were monitored to calculate the temperature and humidity index (THI), and the RT, HR and RR of the 15 lambs were determined. The lambs were weighed every seven days. In both experiments, the THI oscillated between 78 and 80. The lambs were under environmental heat stress conditions (THI x̅ = 79) during both studies. The averages of HR and RT in the grazing system were 118.0 beats per minute and 38.6° C, while the averages under the confinement system were 108.6 beats per minute and 39.4° C, respectively. The average RR (53.6 and 62.6 breaths per minute, in grazing and in confinement, respectively) was greater than the normal value considered for thermal comfort. Respiratory rate is the main mechanism used by lambs to dissipate heat. The heart rate also showed slightly higher values than those reported for animals in their comfort zone. However, the rectal temperature values were constant. As expected, crossbred lambs fed under grazing conditions with naturalized pastures (NP) had a low ADG (55.6 g). Nevertheless, Katahdin lambs fed in confinement with TMR had a DMI of 935.4 g/day (3.14% BW/DMB), a WI of 3.5 L/day, a FC of 4.74 and an ADG of 226.2 g. In conclusion, raising crossbred sheep in rotational grazing of NP without any type of agronomic management results in ADG that could not be considered viable in traditional production systems. The introduction of pure breeds and feeding them in confined systems with a TMR results in a pre-determined ADG (>200 g/day) and is an alternative that can be evaluated economically for its practical implementation.
{"title":"Feeding systems and productive and physiological parameters of lambs raised under heat stress","authors":"A. Rodríguez-Carías, Jose Israel Suarez-Rodriguez, Jonathan Collazo, J. F. Cleve","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19041","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine physiological parameters (rectal temperature = RT, respiratory rate = RR, heart rate = HR) and production parameters (dry matter intake = DMI, water intake = WI, average daily weight gain = ADG, and feed conversion = FC) of crossbred and Katahdin lambs raised in rotational grazing of native pastures (NP) and in confinement under heat stress conditions. Nine crossbred lambs (average initial weight = 19.4 kg) were used and fed in a rotational grazing system for 70 days with occupation and rest periods of seven and 21 days, respectively. The lambs had daily access to the grazing area for four to six hours, grass hay and water ad libitum, a daily supplement of 100 g of commercial concentrate and a nutritional block. In the confined system, six lambs of the Katahdin breed (average initial weight = 27.3 kg) were used, and for 28 days these were fed total mixed rations (TMR) containing 30% grass hay, 15.4% soybean meal, 54.6% corn grain and a mineral block. The diet contained 14% Crude Protein (CP) and 66% Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and was formulated for an ADG of 200 g. The offered and rejected feed was quantified every day [4% body weight (BW)/dry matter basis (DMB)] to determine the DMI, and the volume of water offered and rejected to determine WI. To validate the stress conditions, the maximum environmental temperature and relative humidity were monitored to calculate the temperature and humidity index (THI), and the RT, HR and RR of the 15 lambs were determined. The lambs were weighed every seven days. In both experiments, the THI oscillated between 78 and 80. The lambs were under environmental heat stress conditions (THI x̅ = 79) during both studies. The averages of HR and RT in the grazing system were 118.0 beats per minute and 38.6° C, while the averages under the confinement system were 108.6 beats per minute and 39.4° C, respectively. The average RR (53.6 and 62.6 breaths per minute, in grazing and in confinement, respectively) was greater than the normal value considered for thermal comfort. Respiratory rate is the main mechanism used by lambs to dissipate heat. The heart rate also showed slightly higher values than those reported for animals in their comfort zone. However, the rectal temperature values were constant. As expected, crossbred lambs fed under grazing conditions with naturalized pastures (NP) had a low ADG (55.6 g). Nevertheless, Katahdin lambs fed in confinement with TMR had a DMI of 935.4 g/day (3.14% BW/DMB), a WI of 3.5 L/day, a FC of 4.74 and an ADG of 226.2 g. In conclusion, raising crossbred sheep in rotational grazing of NP without any type of agronomic management results in ADG that could not be considered viable in traditional production systems. The introduction of pure breeds and feeding them in confined systems with a TMR results in a pre-determined ADG (>200 g/day) and is an alternative that can be evaluated economically for its practical implementation.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44356535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19042
J. J. Rosado, A. Rodríguez-Carías, Aixa Rivera, J. F. Cleve
{"title":"Weight gain, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of native lambs fed in confinement with total rations","authors":"J. J. Rosado, A. Rodríguez-Carías, Aixa Rivera, J. F. Cleve","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"54 1","pages":"201-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74120035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19044
Wilfredo Robles, María de L. Lugo-Torres, J. P. Morales-Payán
The central giant cell granuloma is an intraosseous, osteolytic and benign lesion of non-odontogenic origin, with no reports published so far that can become a malignant pathology. We presented a 69-years-old male who presented intraoral volume increase on the left side, evolution time was not quantified, non-painful, prevented the placement of his dental prosthesis. Image studies and stereolithographic models were performed and demonstrate the presence of a wide lithic zone located below the piriform aperture. Cystic mass enucleation, aggressive curettage of bony walls and cleaning of surgical field with chemical solution was done. Our objective is to provide necessary guidelines for central giant cell granuloma diagnosis in order to carry out an adequate treatment without risk of recurrence.
{"title":"Título en inglés","authors":"Wilfredo Robles, María de L. Lugo-Torres, J. P. Morales-Payán","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19044","url":null,"abstract":"The central giant cell granuloma is an intraosseous, osteolytic and benign lesion of non-odontogenic origin, with no reports published so far that can become a malignant pathology. We presented a 69-years-old male who presented intraoral volume increase on the left side, evolution time was not quantified, non-painful, prevented the placement of his dental prosthesis. Image studies and stereolithographic models were performed and demonstrate the presence of a wide lithic zone located below the piriform aperture. Cystic mass enucleation, aggressive curettage of bony walls and cleaning of surgical field with chemical solution was done. Our objective is to provide necessary guidelines for central giant cell granuloma diagnosis in order to carry out an adequate treatment without risk of recurrence.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48506860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19040
R. Rodríguez, Wigmar González, Oswaldo Bosques
Thirteen lines from the coffee germplasm collection of the Adjuntas Agricultural Experiment Substation, lines T-5175 and T-8667 from Costa Rica, and four advanced multilines from the Portugal Research Center for Coffee Rust (CIFC; ‘Centro de Investigación de la Roya del Café de Portugal’) were evaluated for resistance to Hemileia vastatrix and their performance under coffee production conditions in Puerto Rico. The evaluations were conducted in the laboratory and on selected coffee farms. Lines of “Catimor” and “Sarchimor” types were selected based on their reaction to the rust pathogen and excellent agronomic characteristics and named ‘Frontón’ and ‘Limaní’, respectively. Incidence of black beans was examined in red, medium and green beans and was significantly higher in line T-5175, in plantings <300 meters above sea level, and in medium ripe and green fruits. Catimor lines from the CIFC were superior to the check ‘Caturra’ in fruit production and yield of green coffee.
13个品系来自Adjuntas农业试验变电站的咖啡种质收集，T-5175和T-8667品系来自哥斯达黎加，以及4个来自葡萄牙咖啡锈病研究中心的先进多品系(CIFC;“Centro de Investigación de la Roya del cafede Portugal”)在波多黎各的咖啡生产条件下，评估了它们对黑蚜的抗性及其表现。评估是在实验室和选定的咖啡农场进行的。根据“Catimor”和“Sarchimor”对锈病病原的反应和优良的农艺性状选择品系，分别命名为“Frontón”和“Limaní”。黑豆的发病率在红豆、中豆和青豆中进行了检测，在T-5175品系、海拔<300米的种植、中熟果和青果中显著高于黑豆。在果产量和生咖啡产量方面，来自CIFC的Catimor品系优于对照‘Caturra’。
{"title":"Identifying interspecific lines of coffee resistant to Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br. and evaluating their adaptability to the coffee growing region of Puerto Rico","authors":"R. Rodríguez, Wigmar González, Oswaldo Bosques","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19040","url":null,"abstract":"Thirteen lines from the coffee germplasm collection of the Adjuntas Agricultural Experiment Substation, lines T-5175 and T-8667 from Costa Rica, and four advanced multilines from the Portugal Research Center for Coffee Rust (CIFC; ‘Centro de Investigación de la Roya del Café de Portugal’) were evaluated for resistance to Hemileia vastatrix and their performance under coffee production conditions in Puerto Rico. The evaluations were conducted in the laboratory and on selected coffee farms. Lines of “Catimor” and “Sarchimor” types were selected based on their reaction to the rust pathogen and excellent agronomic characteristics and named ‘Frontón’ and ‘Limaní’, respectively. Incidence of black beans was examined in red, medium and green beans and was significantly higher in line T-5175, in plantings <300 meters above sea level, and in medium ripe and green fruits. Catimor lines from the CIFC were superior to the check ‘Caturra’ in fruit production and yield of green coffee.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"24 1","pages":"165-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86129633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14293
K. Domenech, Aixa Rivera, Américo Casas, M. Pagán, D. Cianzio, F. Pérez
The effects of sex (female or intact male) and animal type (beef, BT; or dairy, DT) on meat quality attributes of the Longissimus lumborum muscle were evaluated in 89 commercially sourced bovines in Puerto Rico, all having eight permanent incisors (>53 months of age). Mean meat pH was greater (P<0.0001) for BT than for DT (5.75 vs. 5.40), with males of BT and DT having the highest and lowest values, respectively (5.99 vs. 5.32), resulting in a sex x type interaction (P=0.0003). Regarding color parameters, female BT and male DT had lower L* values (darker meat), constituting another sex x type interaction (P<0.0001). Males showed greater a* and b* values than females (more red and yellow colored meat; P<0.05). Females surpassed males (P<0.0001) in intramuscular fat content (9.13 vs. 3.06%) and DT showed a non-significant advantage over BT (8.90 vs. 5.87%). Higher pH was associated with greater water retention (P<0.0001). Warner-Bratzler Shear (WBS) and tenderness scores assigned by untrained sensory panelists indicated non-significant tendencies in favor of females (WBS: 6.13 vs. 7.20 kg), and in favor of BT over DT within males (WBS: 6.69 vs. 7.71 kg). The sensory panel assigned higher juiciness scores to beef from males than females (4.85 vs. 4.16 on a scale from 1 to 8; P=0.0074).
性别(雌性或完整雄性)和动物类型(牛肉、BT;对波多黎各89头商业来源的牛(均有8个恒门牙(>53月龄))的腰最长肌肉质属性进行了评估。肉质平均pH值BT比DT(5.75比5.40)大(P<0.0001)，其中BT和DT雄性分别最高和最低(5.99比5.32)，导致性别x型相互作用(P=0.0003)。在颜色参数方面，女性BT和男性DT的L*值较低(肉色较深)，构成另一种性别x型相互作用(P<0.0001)。雄性的a*和b*值高于雌性(红色和黄色的肉较多;P < 0.05)。女性肌内脂肪含量高于男性(P<0.0001)(9.13比3.06%)，DT比BT无显著优势(8.90比5.87%)。较高的pH值与较高的水潴留相关(P<0.0001)。由未受过训练的感官小组成员分配的Warner-Bratzler Shear (WBS)和压痛评分显示，女性的倾向不显著(WBS: 6.13 vs. 7.20 kg)，男性的BT优于DT (WBS: 6.69 vs. 7.71 kg)。感官小组给男性牛肉的多汁性评分高于女性(4.85比4.16，评分范围从1到8;P = 0.0074)。
{"title":"Effect of sex and animal type on tenderness and juiciness of beef from cattle with eight permanent incisors in Puerto Rico","authors":"K. Domenech, Aixa Rivera, Américo Casas, M. Pagán, D. Cianzio, F. Pérez","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14293","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of sex (female or intact male) and animal type (beef, BT; or dairy, DT) on meat quality attributes of the Longissimus lumborum muscle were evaluated in 89 commercially sourced bovines in Puerto Rico, all having eight permanent incisors (>53 months of age). Mean meat pH was greater (P<0.0001) for BT than for DT (5.75 vs. 5.40), with males of BT and DT having the highest and lowest values, respectively (5.99 vs. 5.32), resulting in a sex x type interaction (P=0.0003). Regarding color parameters, female BT and male DT had lower L* values (darker meat), constituting another sex x type interaction (P<0.0001). Males showed greater a* and b* values than females (more red and yellow colored meat; P<0.05). Females surpassed males (P<0.0001) in intramuscular fat content (9.13 vs. 3.06%) and DT showed a non-significant advantage over BT (8.90 vs. 5.87%). Higher pH was associated with greater water retention (P<0.0001). Warner-Bratzler Shear (WBS) and tenderness scores assigned by untrained sensory panelists indicated non-significant tendencies in favor of females (WBS: 6.13 vs. 7.20 kg), and in favor of BT over DT within males (WBS: 6.69 vs. 7.71 kg). The sensory panel assigned higher juiciness scores to beef from males than females (4.85 vs. 4.16 on a scale from 1 to 8; P=0.0074).","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"1 1","pages":"51-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75670442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14291
H. Sánchez, K. Domenech, Gerardo Rivera, M. Pagán, Américo Casas, P. Randel, Gladycia Muñiz
Different body dimensions were compared between 16 normally muscled (NM) and 16 heterocygous double muscled (DM) Senepol heifers. Body weight (BW), withers height (WH), hip height (HH), thorarcic perimeter (TP), barrel (BA), shoulder to pin bone distance (SPD), and the internal pelvic width (PW), height (PH), and area (PA) were recorded in each heifer. Also included were the relationships of BW/body dimensions, except for dimensions PW and PH. Data were analyzed by the GLIMMIX and CORR procedures of SAS. The respective genotypes MN and DM did not differ (P>0.10) in BW (415 and 434 kg), WH (both 113 cm), HH (both 120 cm), TP (both 175 cm), B A (209 and 214 cm), B W/B A (1.99 and 2.03 kg/cm), SPD (both 147 cm), PW (both 13 cm), PA (212 and 220 cm2), and BW/PA (1.96 and 1.98 kg/cm2). However, DM heifers tended to present (P<0.10) higher values than NM heifers for BW/WH, BW/HH, BW/SPD, and PH by margins of 0.14 kg/cm, 0.15 kg/cm, 0.12 kg/cm, and 0.59 cm, respectively. Moreover, the BW/TP value was 0.09 kg/cm greater (P<0.05) in the DM than in NM heifers. The correlations between different pairs of body dimensions were lower in the DM than in the NM heifers. These results suggest that the enhanced musculature visually observed in DM heifers must be accompanied by hypotrophy of other body organs and tissues, but not including the pelvic region. This compensatory effect minimizes the posibility of observing differences in body dimensions in vivo between DM and NM heifers.
{"title":"Comparison of body dimensions between normal and double muscled Senepol heifers","authors":"H. Sánchez, K. Domenech, Gerardo Rivera, M. Pagán, Américo Casas, P. Randel, Gladycia Muñiz","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14291","url":null,"abstract":"Different body dimensions were compared between 16 normally muscled (NM) and 16 heterocygous double muscled (DM) Senepol heifers. Body weight (BW), withers height (WH), hip height (HH), thorarcic perimeter (TP), barrel (BA), shoulder to pin bone distance (SPD), and the internal pelvic width (PW), height (PH), and area (PA) were recorded in each heifer. Also included were the relationships of BW/body dimensions, except for dimensions PW and PH. Data were analyzed by the GLIMMIX and CORR procedures of SAS. The respective genotypes MN and DM did not differ (P>0.10) in BW (415 and 434 kg), WH (both 113 cm), HH (both 120 cm), TP (both 175 cm), B A (209 and 214 cm), B W/B A (1.99 and 2.03 kg/cm), SPD (both 147 cm), PW (both 13 cm), PA (212 and 220 cm2), and BW/PA (1.96 and 1.98 kg/cm2). However, DM heifers tended to present (P<0.10) higher values than NM heifers for BW/WH, BW/HH, BW/SPD, and PH by margins of 0.14 kg/cm, 0.15 kg/cm, 0.12 kg/cm, and 0.59 cm, respectively. Moreover, the BW/TP value was 0.09 kg/cm greater (P<0.05) in the DM than in NM heifers. The correlations between different pairs of body dimensions were lower in the DM than in the NM heifers. These results suggest that the enhanced musculature visually observed in DM heifers must be accompanied by hypotrophy of other body organs and tissues, but not including the pelvic region. This compensatory effect minimizes the posibility of observing differences in body dimensions in vivo between DM and NM heifers.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"11 1","pages":"17-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86489458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14298
J. Hernández, Myrna Comas-Pagán, Alwin Jiménez, S. Blas
The aim of this article is to evaluate the caloric contribution of the top imported and locally produced foods in Puerto Rico. Data from the USDA and Puerto Rico Planning Board were used to estimate caloric needs in different demographic groups and projected until 2025. In analyzing Puerto Rican produce, the caloric contribution of local production was estimated to be around 18 percent. By contrast, when the caloric contribution of 50 foods imported and produced in Puerto Rico was evaluated, these foods account for 115 percent of the calories needed daily for the population to maintain a normal weight. Sugar, rice, vegetable oil, milk and corn make the greatest contribution to the Puerto Rican diet, representing an estimated 58 percent of average number of calories that Puerto Ricans should consume. The distribution of calories identified in these 50 articles consumed in Puerto Rico (e.g., fruits, vegetables, dairy products, proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) shows serious discrepancies from the distribution suggested by the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines developed by experts of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. For example, 34 percent of the calories consumed in Puerto Rico correspond to foods high in sugar and fat.
{"title":"Caloric contribution of imported and locally produced food in Puerto Rico","authors":"J. Hernández, Myrna Comas-Pagán, Alwin Jiménez, S. Blas","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14298","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to evaluate the caloric contribution of the top imported and locally produced foods in Puerto Rico. Data from the USDA and Puerto Rico Planning Board were used to estimate caloric needs in different demographic groups and projected until 2025. In analyzing Puerto Rican produce, the caloric contribution of local production was estimated to be around 18 percent. By contrast, when the caloric contribution of 50 foods imported and produced in Puerto Rico was evaluated, these foods account for 115 percent of the calories needed daily for the population to maintain a normal weight. Sugar, rice, vegetable oil, milk and corn make the greatest contribution to the Puerto Rican diet, representing an estimated 58 percent of average number of calories that Puerto Ricans should consume. The distribution of calories identified in these 50 articles consumed in Puerto Rico (e.g., fruits, vegetables, dairy products, proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) shows serious discrepancies from the distribution suggested by the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines developed by experts of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. For example, 34 percent of the calories consumed in Puerto Rico correspond to foods high in sugar and fat.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"21 2 1","pages":"121-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89654851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14294
A. Rodríguez-Carías, Beatriz A. Quintana, L. C. Solórzano, P. Randel
The effects of adding exogenous enzymes on the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and on nutrients, and several blood parameters were determined in lambs fed a basal diet of 34% ground corn, 40% tropical grass hay, and 26% soybean meal providing 21% dietary starch. Twelve crossbred lambs (22 kg) were assigned to one of four diets: no additives (1); diets containing α-amylase (2); protease (3); or their combination (4). Diets (DM basis) were offered daily at 4% of animal BW in four 28-day experimental periods each consisting of 21 d of adaptation to the diet followed by 7 d of complete fecal collection. In each period, feed offered, orts and feces were collected, quantified and analyzed for contents of DM, starch, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) to determine intake and digestibility. At the end of each experimental period, blood samples were collected from the individual lambs to determine the concentration of glucose, beta-hidroxy butyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and insulin. Data were analyzed according to a 4 x 4 Latin Square experimental design. Dietary treatment contrasts were performed using least square means adjustment for multiple comparisons (Tukey-Kramer) as follows: enzymes versus no enzymes, amylase versus no amylase and protease versus no protease. Dry matter intake was similar across treatments (1,106; 1,088; 1,105 and 1,088 g/d for control, and diets containing α-amylase, experimental protease or their combination, respectively). Adding protease to the diet decreased (P<0.05) starch consumption (248 vs. 255 g/d) and increased, but not significantly, NDF digestibility (48.6 vs. 46.8%) as compared to that of lambs fed without the experimental enzyme. Adding enzymes to the diet tended (P<0.10) to decrease blood BHB concentration below the control level (4.26 vs. 4.68 mg/dL). Blood NEFA concentration tended to increase (P<0.10) in lambs fed α-amylase compared to those fed without α-amylase (0.17 vs. 0.14 mEq/L). The insulin level tended (P<0.10) to increase in lambs fed protease versus lambs not receiving the enzyme (80.3 vs. 71.8 pmol/L). Glucose levels were similar for all treatments. Both exogenous enzymes influenced blood metabolites; however, a greater effect was observed in lambs fed the protease.
在饲粮中添加34%的玉米粉、40%的热带干草和26%的豆粕(饲粮淀粉含量为21%)，研究添加外源酶对羔羊干物质采食量和消化率、营养物质和血液指标的影响。12只杂交羔羊(22公斤)被分配到四种饲粮中的一种:不添加添加剂(1);饲粮中添加α-淀粉酶(2);蛋白酶(3);或两者的组合(4)。在4个为期28天的试验期中，以动物体重的4%饲喂日粮(以DM为基础)，每个试验期21 d为日粮适应期，7 d为完全粪便收集期。每期收集所供饲料、粪便和粪便，定量分析DM、淀粉、粗蛋白质(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量，确定采食量和消化率。在每个实验期结束时，采集羔羊的血液样本，测定葡萄糖、丁酸乙氧基(BHB)、非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)和胰岛素的浓度。数据分析采用4 × 4拉丁方实验设计。采用多重比较的最小二乘均数调整(Tukey-Kramer)进行膳食处理对比，如下:酶与无酶、淀粉酶与无淀粉酶、蛋白酶与无蛋白酶。各处理的干物质采食量相似(1106;1088;对照为1105和1088 g/d， α-淀粉酶、试验蛋白酶或两者组合为对照)。与不添加蛋白酶的羔羊相比，饲粮中添加蛋白酶降低了(P<0.05)淀粉消耗量(248比255 g/d)，提高了NDF消化率(48.6%比46.8%)，但不显著。饲粮中添加酶可使血BHB浓度(4.26 vs 4.68 mg/dL)降至对照水平以下(P<0.10)。α-淀粉酶组羔羊血NEFA浓度有升高趋势(P<0.10) (0.17 mEq/L vs. 0.14 mEq/L)。与未饲喂蛋白酶的羔羊相比，饲喂蛋白酶的羔羊胰岛素水平有升高趋势(P<0.10) (80.3 pmol/L比71.8 pmol/L)。所有治疗组的血糖水平相似。两种外源性酶都影响血液代谢物;然而，在饲喂蛋白酶的羔羊中观察到更大的效果。
{"title":"Evaluation of a-amylase and protease on diet nutrient intake and digestibility, and physiological parameters in lambs","authors":"A. Rodríguez-Carías, Beatriz A. Quintana, L. C. Solórzano, P. Randel","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14294","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of adding exogenous enzymes on the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and on nutrients, and several blood parameters were determined in lambs fed a basal diet of 34% ground corn, 40% tropical grass hay, and 26% soybean meal providing 21% dietary starch. Twelve crossbred lambs (22 kg) were assigned to one of four diets: no additives (1); diets containing α-amylase (2); protease (3); or their combination (4). Diets (DM basis) were offered daily at 4% of animal BW in four 28-day experimental periods each consisting of 21 d of adaptation to the diet followed by 7 d of complete fecal collection. In each period, feed offered, orts and feces were collected, quantified and analyzed for contents of DM, starch, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) to determine intake and digestibility. At the end of each experimental period, blood samples were collected from the individual lambs to determine the concentration of glucose, beta-hidroxy butyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and insulin. Data were analyzed according to a 4 x 4 Latin Square experimental design. Dietary treatment contrasts were performed using least square means adjustment for multiple comparisons (Tukey-Kramer) as follows: enzymes versus no enzymes, amylase versus no amylase and protease versus no protease. Dry matter intake was similar across treatments (1,106; 1,088; 1,105 and 1,088 g/d for control, and diets containing α-amylase, experimental protease or their combination, respectively). Adding protease to the diet decreased (P<0.05) starch consumption (248 vs. 255 g/d) and increased, but not significantly, NDF digestibility (48.6 vs. 46.8%) as compared to that of lambs fed without the experimental enzyme. Adding enzymes to the diet tended (P<0.10) to decrease blood BHB concentration below the control level (4.26 vs. 4.68 mg/dL). Blood NEFA concentration tended to increase (P<0.10) in lambs fed α-amylase compared to those fed without α-amylase (0.17 vs. 0.14 mEq/L). The insulin level tended (P<0.10) to increase in lambs fed protease versus lambs not receiving the enzyme (80.3 vs. 71.8 pmol/L). Glucose levels were similar for all treatments. Both exogenous enzymes influenced blood metabolites; however, a greater effect was observed in lambs fed the protease.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"32 1","pages":"63-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89966020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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