Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is essential in cell metabolism and very important especially for pregnant women and lactating mothers. Natural folate is available in food but it is very unstable. Synthetic folate is generally used as an alternative to meet daily needs due to its stability, even though it has a negative effect causing a variety of metabolic disorders. Some lactic acid bacteria have been reported as being able to synthesize natural folate during the fermentation process. Lactic acid bacteria are the main microorganisms for lactic fermentation such as fermented milk, fruits, and vegetables. Milk is the most nutritious food and contains folate-binding protein, hence it is considered the ideal fermentation medium to increase folate stability during storage. Fermentation of milk with folate-producing lactic acid bacteria can be used as a technique to produce natural folate-rich fermented foods as an attempt to prevent folate deficiency without side effects to the consumers.
{"title":"Fermentation of Milk Using Folate-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria to Increase Natural Folate Content: A Review","authors":"Fenny Amilia Mahara, L. Nuraida, H. Lioe","doi":"10.29252/jabr.06.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jabr.06.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is essential in cell metabolism and very important especially for pregnant women and lactating mothers. Natural folate is available in food but it is very unstable. Synthetic folate is generally used as an alternative to meet daily needs due to its stability, even though it has a negative effect causing a variety of metabolic disorders. Some lactic acid bacteria have been reported as being able to synthesize natural folate during the fermentation process. Lactic acid bacteria are the main microorganisms for lactic fermentation such as fermented milk, fruits, and vegetables. Milk is the most nutritious food and contains folate-binding protein, hence it is considered the ideal fermentation medium to increase folate stability during storage. Fermentation of milk with folate-producing lactic acid bacteria can be used as a technique to produce natural folate-rich fermented foods as an attempt to prevent folate deficiency without side effects to the consumers.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Hashemibeni, Mohammad Mardani, A. Valiani, M. Pourentezari, M. Anvari, M. Yadegari, E. Mangoli
Introduction: Avocado and soya unsaponifiables (ASU) have been reported to be useful for the treatment of cartilage diseases. The aim of this study was to detect whether avocado/soybean can have any effect on the chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells on polylactic-co-glycolic acid/fibrin hybrid scaffold or not. Materials and Methods: The poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/fibrin scaffolds were seeded with cultured human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs), which were then divided into three groups: control, TGF-β3, and ASU and the results were analyzed 14 days later. The viability of the cells in different groups were assessed by MTT. The expression of chondrogenic-related genes Sox9, type II collagen, Aggrecan, type X collagen, and type I collagen were quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Protein expression levels of collagen type II and X were evaluated by Western blotting. Results: Enhanced cellular viability was observed in the ASU group compared to the transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3) group. Analysis of aggrecan (Agg), type II collagen (Coll2) and SOX9 revealed that ASU and TGF-β3 induce hADSCs on PLGA/fibrin scaffold to differentiate into chondrocytes in-vitro. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in the expression of type X (Coll10) and I collagen (Coll1) genes in the ASU group compared to the TGF-β3 group. Protein levels of type II collagen (Coll2) significantly increased in TGF-β3 and ASU groups in comparison with those of the control group. However, protein levels of Type X collagen (Coll10) significantly declined in the ASU group when compared with the TGF-β3 group. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that hADSCs containing the ASU in PLGA/fibrin hybrid scaffold are an effective way to potentially enhance Cartilage-specific genes with less hypertrophy and Fibrosis in-vitro.
{"title":"Effects of Avocado/Soybean on the Chondrogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cultured on Polylactic-Co-Glycolic Acid/Fibrin Hybrid Scaffold","authors":"B. Hashemibeni, Mohammad Mardani, A. Valiani, M. Pourentezari, M. Anvari, M. Yadegari, E. Mangoli","doi":"10.29252/jabr.06.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jabr.06.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Avocado and soya unsaponifiables (ASU) have been reported to be useful for the treatment of cartilage diseases. The aim of this study was to detect whether avocado/soybean can have any effect on the chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells on polylactic-co-glycolic acid/fibrin hybrid scaffold or not. Materials and Methods: The poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/fibrin scaffolds were seeded with cultured human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs), which were then divided into three groups: control, TGF-β3, and ASU and the results were analyzed 14 days later. The viability of the cells in different groups were assessed by MTT. The expression of chondrogenic-related genes Sox9, type II collagen, Aggrecan, type X collagen, and type I collagen were quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Protein expression levels of collagen type II and X were evaluated by Western blotting. Results: Enhanced cellular viability was observed in the ASU group compared to the transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3) group. Analysis of aggrecan (Agg), type II collagen (Coll2) and SOX9 revealed that ASU and TGF-β3 induce hADSCs on PLGA/fibrin scaffold to differentiate into chondrocytes in-vitro. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in the expression of type X (Coll10) and I collagen (Coll1) genes in the ASU group compared to the TGF-β3 group. Protein levels of type II collagen (Coll2) significantly increased in TGF-β3 and ASU groups in comparison with those of the control group. However, protein levels of Type X collagen (Coll10) significantly declined in the ASU group when compared with the TGF-β3 group. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that hADSCs containing the ASU in PLGA/fibrin hybrid scaffold are an effective way to potentially enhance Cartilage-specific genes with less hypertrophy and Fibrosis in-vitro.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"145-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) are two independent methods used in the post-amplification genotyping of DNA variations. Both techniques are used in a wide range of screening applications to characterize single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The PCR-SSCP enables the identification of a potentially causative unknown SNP that could not be identified by PCR-RFLP. However, because complicated steps are not required to perform PCR-RFLP, it is used in many applications. On the other hand, PCR-RFLP is easier to process in terms of time and handover experience, the detection of a particular unknown SNP by PCR-SSCP has further chances. The simplicity of PCR-RFLP does not mean that it is better than PCR-SSCP. The reason is the limited ability of PCR-RFLP to detect nucleotide variations, which often go undetected because each restriction enzyme (RE) scans only a few recognition sequences, and other sequences are ignored. Furthermore, the efficacy of PCR-SSCP is sometimes hindered by many optimizations and also lack of experience. As PCR-SSCP allows other sequences within an amplicon to be separated and characterized, the choice between PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP is largely dependent on the reason for each genotyping experiment. This review provides a useful guide for comparing PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP in terms of their concepts, efficiency, ease of use, interpretation, and sensitivity as well as several other parameters. The comparison is extended to the practical applications of both techniques in terms of their utilization in molecular diagnostics and related applications.
{"title":"Exploring the Potential and Limitations of PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP for SNP Detection: A Review","authors":"H. Hashim, M. Al-Shuhaib","doi":"10.29252/jabr.06.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jabr.06.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) are two independent methods used in the post-amplification genotyping of DNA variations. Both techniques are used in a wide range of screening applications to characterize single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The PCR-SSCP enables the identification of a potentially causative unknown SNP that could not be identified by PCR-RFLP. However, because complicated steps are not required to perform PCR-RFLP, it is used in many applications. On the other hand, PCR-RFLP is easier to process in terms of time and handover experience, the detection of a particular unknown SNP by PCR-SSCP has further chances. The simplicity of PCR-RFLP does not mean that it is better than PCR-SSCP. The reason is the limited ability of PCR-RFLP to detect nucleotide variations, which often go undetected because each restriction enzyme (RE) scans only a few recognition sequences, and other sequences are ignored. Furthermore, the efficacy of PCR-SSCP is sometimes hindered by many optimizations and also lack of experience. As PCR-SSCP allows other sequences within an amplicon to be separated and characterized, the choice between PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP is largely dependent on the reason for each genotyping experiment. This review provides a useful guide for comparing PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP in terms of their concepts, efficiency, ease of use, interpretation, and sensitivity as well as several other parameters. The comparison is extended to the practical applications of both techniques in terms of their utilization in molecular diagnostics and related applications.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43821770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Silva, Wilson Murilo Correa da Silva Ferrari, Jean Vinícius Moreira, T. Franco, M. Cremasco
Introduction: Tacrolimus is a medication mainly used as immunosuppressant, but also plays as an important role in the treatment of dermathoses and eye diseases. It is a secondary metabolite produced during fermentation from Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Investigations have been conducted in order to enhance the tacrolimus production, since it is the greatest industrial bottleneck related to this process. Some strategies have been adopted in order to solve this problem, such as the usage of a genetically modified bacteria and changes in the exogeneous feeding, and providing vegetable oils as nutrient sources. The present study has investigated the influence of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) oil as a carbon source in the fermentation. Materials and Methods: The fermentative process was conducted in an orbital shaker at 28oC and 130 rpm during 168 hours. The amount of produced tacrolimus was quantified using HPLC. The sugars and proteins in the medium were measured using the Somogyi-Nelson and Bradford methods, respectively. Results: According to the results of the present study, a linearity was observed between the amount of consumed sugars and the produced proteins. The highest tacrolimus production was achieved at 96 hours (41.67 mg.L-1), and the biomass production along the fermentation was low. Conclusions: The use of Brazil nut oil as a carbon source in the fermentation using Streptomyces tsukubaensis was successful, since it increased the tacrolimus production. This point is an advantage of using this vegetable oil compared to traditional sugars.
{"title":"Streptomyces tsukubaensis Fermentation Using Brazil Nut Oil to Enhance Tacrolimus Production","authors":"S. Silva, Wilson Murilo Correa da Silva Ferrari, Jean Vinícius Moreira, T. Franco, M. Cremasco","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tacrolimus is a medication mainly used as immunosuppressant, but also plays as an important role in the treatment of dermathoses and eye diseases. It is a secondary metabolite produced during fermentation from Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Investigations have been conducted in order to enhance the tacrolimus production, since it is the greatest industrial bottleneck related to this process. Some strategies have been adopted in order to solve this problem, such as the usage of a genetically modified bacteria and changes in the exogeneous feeding, and providing vegetable oils as nutrient sources. The present study has investigated the influence of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) oil as a carbon source in the fermentation. Materials and Methods: The fermentative process was conducted in an orbital shaker at 28oC and 130 rpm during 168 hours. The amount of produced tacrolimus was quantified using HPLC. The sugars and proteins in the medium were measured using the Somogyi-Nelson and Bradford methods, respectively. Results: According to the results of the present study, a linearity was observed between the amount of consumed sugars and the produced proteins. The highest tacrolimus production was achieved at 96 hours (41.67 mg.L-1), and the biomass production along the fermentation was low. Conclusions: The use of Brazil nut oil as a carbon source in the fermentation using Streptomyces tsukubaensis was successful, since it increased the tacrolimus production. This point is an advantage of using this vegetable oil compared to traditional sugars.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43226533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Citrullus colocynthis is considered as a precious herb due to its medicinal and nutritional values and also for its ability to produce valuable bioactive compounds such as cucurbitacin E and quercetin. The hairy root systems are valuable tools for scaling-up secondary metabolites and for introducing new beneficial traits into herbs. The present research has aimed to develop a protocol for hairy root culture of C. colocynthis using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Materials and Methods: After the establishment of the hairy root system, factors such as explant type, bacterial strain, pre-culture period, co-cultivation period, and the use of acetosyringone that affect the efficient transformation of the herb were optimized. Four A. rhizogenes strains (MSU440, A4, A13 and ATCC 15834) and three types of explant (leaf, excised shoot and hypocotyl) were tested. Furthermore, the insertion of transgene into the genome of C. colocynthis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: The highest transformation frequency was obtained after the infection of excised shoots by MSU440. Co-cultivation for 48 hours resulted in enhanced transformation frequency, while the results of this research showed that the protocol is better not to include the pre-culturing step. In addition, the presence of acetosyringone in bacterial culture and co-cultivation medium significantly increased the success of C. colocynthis transformation. Conclusions: This study describes an efficient protocol for hairy roots culture of C. colocynthis which can be used for scaling-up the plant active phytochemicals or for genetic manipulations of the plant.
{"title":"An Optimized Protocol for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Genetic Transformation of Citrullus colocynthis","authors":"Mina Beigmohammadi, A. Sharafi, S. Jafari","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Citrullus colocynthis is considered as a precious herb due to its medicinal and nutritional values and also for its ability to produce valuable bioactive compounds such as cucurbitacin E and quercetin. The hairy root systems are valuable tools for scaling-up secondary metabolites and for introducing new beneficial traits into herbs. The present research has aimed to develop a protocol for hairy root culture of C. colocynthis using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Materials and Methods: After the establishment of the hairy root system, factors such as explant type, bacterial strain, pre-culture period, co-cultivation period, and the use of acetosyringone that affect the efficient transformation of the herb were optimized. Four A. rhizogenes strains (MSU440, A4, A13 and ATCC 15834) and three types of explant (leaf, excised shoot and hypocotyl) were tested. Furthermore, the insertion of transgene into the genome of C. colocynthis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: The highest transformation frequency was obtained after the infection of excised shoots by MSU440. Co-cultivation for 48 hours resulted in enhanced transformation frequency, while the results of this research showed that the protocol is better not to include the pre-culturing step. In addition, the presence of acetosyringone in bacterial culture and co-cultivation medium significantly increased the success of C. colocynthis transformation. Conclusions: This study describes an efficient protocol for hairy roots culture of C. colocynthis which can be used for scaling-up the plant active phytochemicals or for genetic manipulations of the plant.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44408625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mansour Babaei, A. Bakhtiari, Elham Divband, Ali Bijani, S. Hosseini
Introduction: Serum uric acid (UA) level is reported to be associated with a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors. Although various studies have reported elevated levels of UA in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), its clinical interpretation is still controversial and challenging. Thus, we examined the association between hyperuricemia (HUA) and UA levels with MetS, its components and number of components. Materials and Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 1561 older people who participated in Amirkola Health and Aging Project (AHAP) in North of Iran. MetS was defined based on the Iranian National Committee of Obesity criteria. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles, UA and anthropometric measures were determined. Results: The diagnosis of the MetS was not associated with UA levels and HUA. The results of this study showed that the only FBG is a component which increases the risk of HUA. Conclusions: Our findings from a community elderly population suggest that the UA levels and HUA were not associated with the diagnosis of the MetS by the stepwise logistic regression approach. However, in spite of various confounding factors, including metabolic and non-metabolic components in the association with MetS and UA, the whole relationship remains to be determined. A large prospective study is needed to reveal the clinical significance of UA in MetS.
{"title":"Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Uric Acid in an Iranian Community Elderly Population: A Cohort Aging Study","authors":"Mansour Babaei, A. Bakhtiari, Elham Divband, Ali Bijani, S. Hosseini","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Serum uric acid (UA) level is reported to be associated with a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors. Although various studies have reported elevated levels of UA in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), its clinical interpretation is still controversial and challenging. Thus, we examined the association between hyperuricemia (HUA) and UA levels with MetS, its components and number of components. Materials and Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 1561 older people who participated in Amirkola Health and Aging Project (AHAP) in North of Iran. MetS was defined based on the Iranian National Committee of Obesity criteria. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles, UA and anthropometric measures were determined. Results: The diagnosis of the MetS was not associated with UA levels and HUA. The results of this study showed that the only FBG is a component which increases the risk of HUA. Conclusions: Our findings from a community elderly population suggest that the UA levels and HUA were not associated with the diagnosis of the MetS by the stepwise logistic regression approach. However, in spite of various confounding factors, including metabolic and non-metabolic components in the association with MetS and UA, the whole relationship remains to be determined. A large prospective study is needed to reveal the clinical significance of UA in MetS.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43205579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Samadikuchaksaraei, N. Nasiri, M. J. Sharifi, N. Chauhan, B. Farhadihosseinabadi, Sina Fatemi Sovini, M. Gholipourmalekabadi
Introduction: Burns are one the most common skin damages which require medical intervention to be fully-recovered. In this light, tissue engineering field presents a vide verity of strategies including both scaffold-based and cell-based approaches to recover the damaged site. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration on mobilization of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into defect area and treatment of the skin burn wound was examined in vivo. The G-CSF was injected intravenously into rats subjected to third degree burn wound. At days 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 post-injections, the defect site was removed and investigated by H&E and Malory’s trichrome staining. The number of MSCs in blood samples was also determined by flow cytometry assay. Results: According to the results, intravenously administration of G-CSF significantly increased collagenesis and number of fibroblast cells infiltrated into the burned site, while decreased the severity of acute inflammatory response and amount of inflammatory cells comparing to control. The number of MSCs in bloodstream, representing the rate of MSCs migration, showed a 4-fold increase in the experimental group compared to control. Conclusions: The current study suggests the potential of intravenously administration of G-CSF as an effective strategy for treatment of severe burn injuries.
{"title":"Intravenous Administration of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor for Stem Cells Mobilization and Third Degree Burn Wound Healing in Rats","authors":"Ali Samadikuchaksaraei, N. Nasiri, M. J. Sharifi, N. Chauhan, B. Farhadihosseinabadi, Sina Fatemi Sovini, M. Gholipourmalekabadi","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Burns are one the most common skin damages which require medical intervention to be fully-recovered. In this light, tissue engineering field presents a vide verity of strategies including both scaffold-based and cell-based approaches to recover the damaged site. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration on mobilization of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into defect area and treatment of the skin burn wound was examined in vivo. The G-CSF was injected intravenously into rats subjected to third degree burn wound. At days 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 post-injections, the defect site was removed and investigated by H&E and Malory’s trichrome staining. The number of MSCs in blood samples was also determined by flow cytometry assay. Results: According to the results, intravenously administration of G-CSF significantly increased collagenesis and number of fibroblast cells infiltrated into the burned site, while decreased the severity of acute inflammatory response and amount of inflammatory cells comparing to control. The number of MSCs in bloodstream, representing the rate of MSCs migration, showed a 4-fold increase in the experimental group compared to control. Conclusions: The current study suggests the potential of intravenously administration of G-CSF as an effective strategy for treatment of severe burn injuries.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43295112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Chegini, P. Soleimani, M. Sadeghi, Rana Mohammad Yosef, F. Zafari
Introduction: Busulfan is one of the common cancer treatment drugs with infertility side effects. Fennel and cinnamon are two medicinal plants with fertility enhancement properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fennel and cinnamon on busulfan induced infertile rats. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups including: sham group: healthy rats without intervention, control group: Busulfan treated rats, fennel group: busulfan and fennel extract treated, fennel and cinnamon group: busulfan, fennel and cinnamon extract treatment. Testicular tissues were sampled and the testicular physical parameters and spermatogenesis level were evaluated by H & E staining and optical microscopy imaging. Results: The biggest and the smallest testis lengths were observed in cinnamon + fennel and fennel groups respectively (P < 0.05). The highest and lowest sperm levels were observed in the cinnamon + fennel group and fennel group respectively (P < 0.001). The total average of reproductive cells was the most in the cinnamon + fennel group (104.17) and had the least level in the control group (26.29). Conclusions: The combined extract of fennel and cinnamon significantly protect the testicular tissues against infertility effect of busulfan. However, the fennel extract alone increased the effect of busulfan in rats.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Fennel and Cinnamon Combined Extract on Spermatogenesis and Testis Tissues in Busulfan Induced Infertile Rats","authors":"R. Chegini, P. Soleimani, M. Sadeghi, Rana Mohammad Yosef, F. Zafari","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Busulfan is one of the common cancer treatment drugs with infertility side effects. Fennel and cinnamon are two medicinal plants with fertility enhancement properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fennel and cinnamon on busulfan induced infertile rats. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups including: sham group: healthy rats without intervention, control group: Busulfan treated rats, fennel group: busulfan and fennel extract treated, fennel and cinnamon group: busulfan, fennel and cinnamon extract treatment. Testicular tissues were sampled and the testicular physical parameters and spermatogenesis level were evaluated by H & E staining and optical microscopy imaging. Results: The biggest and the smallest testis lengths were observed in cinnamon + fennel and fennel groups respectively (P < 0.05). The highest and lowest sperm levels were observed in the cinnamon + fennel group and fennel group respectively (P < 0.001). The total average of reproductive cells was the most in the cinnamon + fennel group (104.17) and had the least level in the control group (26.29). Conclusions: The combined extract of fennel and cinnamon significantly protect the testicular tissues against infertility effect of busulfan. However, the fennel extract alone increased the effect of busulfan in rats.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42060807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoa Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted via the bite of tsetse fly. The target protein of T. brucei is L-threonine-3-dehydrogenase, which has been selected for this study due to its metabolic importance for the parasite’s survival. The protein was docked with those phytochemicals having in vitro anti trypanosomal activity after passing in silico drug-likeness filters along with standard drug eflornithine and pentamidine available against the disease. Materials and Methods: A 3D structure of L-threonine-3-dehydrogenasewas downloaded from Protein Data Bank (PDB) with Id: 5K4Y) and Pictorial database of 3D structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDBsum) was used to retrieve the active sites of the protein. The reviewed ligands were screened using SwissADME, Lipinski’s rule of 5, and Molinspiration servers along with standard drugs and docked using AutoDock Vina and AutoDock 4.2.6. The 2D and 3D interacting residues were observed using Discovery Studio. Results: Ligand Camptothecin which inhibited T. brucei during in vitro cytotoxic assays gave better binding affinity scores than the standard drugs (eflornithine and pentamidine) selected for this study. Camptothecin showed interaction with those active site residues where ligand NAD (nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide) binds to the target protein, which is a significant restricting pocket for the hindrance of the parasite. Conclusions: Camptothecin derived from Camptotheca acuminata trees has the potential to be used as a better alternative than the standard drugs because of its less toxicity, better binding affinity, and specificity towards the inhibition of target protein.
{"title":"Comparative In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis of L-Threonine-3-Dehydrogenase, a Protein Target Against African Trypanosomiasis Using Selected Phytochemicals","authors":"Tehseen Dhorajiwala, S. Halder, L. Samant","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoa Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted via the bite of tsetse fly. The target protein of T. brucei is L-threonine-3-dehydrogenase, which has been selected for this study due to its metabolic importance for the parasite’s survival. The protein was docked with those phytochemicals having in vitro anti trypanosomal activity after passing in silico drug-likeness filters along with standard drug eflornithine and pentamidine available against the disease. Materials and Methods: A 3D structure of L-threonine-3-dehydrogenasewas downloaded from Protein Data Bank (PDB) with Id: 5K4Y) and Pictorial database of 3D structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDBsum) was used to retrieve the active sites of the protein. The reviewed ligands were screened using SwissADME, Lipinski’s rule of 5, and Molinspiration servers along with standard drugs and docked using AutoDock Vina and AutoDock 4.2.6. The 2D and 3D interacting residues were observed using Discovery Studio. Results: Ligand Camptothecin which inhibited T. brucei during in vitro cytotoxic assays gave better binding affinity scores than the standard drugs (eflornithine and pentamidine) selected for this study. Camptothecin showed interaction with those active site residues where ligand NAD (nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide) binds to the target protein, which is a significant restricting pocket for the hindrance of the parasite. Conclusions: Camptothecin derived from Camptotheca acuminata trees has the potential to be used as a better alternative than the standard drugs because of its less toxicity, better binding affinity, and specificity towards the inhibition of target protein.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47236007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preethi Thozhukattu Valliyaparambil, Kathireshan Kaliyaperumal, N. Gopakumaran
Introduction: Nowadays, enzyme-based removal of hazardous dyes that pollute the environment has been considered as a substitute and eco-friendly method compared to the physical and chemical method. The present study was conceived in order to obtain the optimal condition for laccase-mediated (purified from the Pleurotus ostreatus PKN04) decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye; a mono-azo dye, using the central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and Methods: The design of experiment was suggested with 6 variables including pH, temperature, incubation time, agitation, dye concentration, and enzyme concentration, which were applied in order to optimize the decolorization process. The kinetic and energetic factors of laccases for the enzymatic removal of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye was investigated. Results: Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R was maximally 95.72%, which had occurred at 6.0 pH, 40°C temperature, 60 minutes incubation time, 50 rpm agitation, 50 ppm dye concentration, and 100 IU/mL enzyme concentration. The obtained results of kinetic introduced the laccase-catalyzed decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R as an endothermic reaction with Km and Vmax values of 0.801 mM and 387 mM/mg/min, respectively. In addition to the above results, the toxicity study against bacteria revealed that the toxicity of laccase-treated dye drastically reduced to the untreated dye. Conclusions: The results of the present analysis reveal that the Pleurotus ostreatus laccase is an efficient biocatalyst for decolorization of synthetic dye Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye.
{"title":"Pleurotus ostreatus Laccase Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R Dye: Statistical Optimization and Toxicity Studies on Microbes and its Kinetics","authors":"Preethi Thozhukattu Valliyaparambil, Kathireshan Kaliyaperumal, N. Gopakumaran","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nowadays, enzyme-based removal of hazardous dyes that pollute the environment has been considered as a substitute and eco-friendly method compared to the physical and chemical method. The present study was conceived in order to obtain the optimal condition for laccase-mediated (purified from the Pleurotus ostreatus PKN04) decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye; a mono-azo dye, using the central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and Methods: The design of experiment was suggested with 6 variables including pH, temperature, incubation time, agitation, dye concentration, and enzyme concentration, which were applied in order to optimize the decolorization process. The kinetic and energetic factors of laccases for the enzymatic removal of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye was investigated. Results: Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R was maximally 95.72%, which had occurred at 6.0 pH, 40°C temperature, 60 minutes incubation time, 50 rpm agitation, 50 ppm dye concentration, and 100 IU/mL enzyme concentration. The obtained results of kinetic introduced the laccase-catalyzed decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R as an endothermic reaction with Km and Vmax values of 0.801 mM and 387 mM/mg/min, respectively. In addition to the above results, the toxicity study against bacteria revealed that the toxicity of laccase-treated dye drastically reduced to the untreated dye. Conclusions: The results of the present analysis reveal that the Pleurotus ostreatus laccase is an efficient biocatalyst for decolorization of synthetic dye Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45721721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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