Interface plays an important role in photovoltaic devices, due to the existence of surface defects and surface dangling bonds of semiconductor materials. For photovoltaic devices, defects on the surface of semiconductor materials can lead to the recombination of charge carriers at the interface and hinder the transport of carriers in the device, resulting in the degradation of device performance. We presented a simple and efficient method of interface treatment by oxygen plasma for PEDOT:PSS/silicon hybrid solar cell. Compared to the cell without oxygen plasma treatment, the cell with oxygen plasma treatment revealed a significant increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE), which resulted in interface control by oxygen plasma control can be able to effectively optimize the performance of organic-silicon hybrid solar cell.
{"title":"Interface treatment by oxygen plasma for PEDOT:PSS/silicon hybrid solar cell","authors":"Yi Yang, Dan Su, Tong Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.2687028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2687028","url":null,"abstract":"Interface plays an important role in photovoltaic devices, due to the existence of surface defects and surface dangling bonds of semiconductor materials. For photovoltaic devices, defects on the surface of semiconductor materials can lead to the recombination of charge carriers at the interface and hinder the transport of carriers in the device, resulting in the degradation of device performance. We presented a simple and efficient method of interface treatment by oxygen plasma for PEDOT:PSS/silicon hybrid solar cell. Compared to the cell without oxygen plasma treatment, the cell with oxygen plasma treatment revealed a significant increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE), which resulted in interface control by oxygen plasma control can be able to effectively optimize the performance of organic-silicon hybrid solar cell.","PeriodicalId":149506,"journal":{"name":"SPIE/COS Photonics Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":"127630N - 127630N-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139216280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheng-Qiang Geng, Yang He, Xiao-Zhou Li, Y. Gu, Mingshan Zhao
Talbot self-imaging has been utilized for arbitrary repetition-rate control of optical pulse trains and frequency combs, which are important for many applications. The fundamental theory of generalized Talbot self-imaging has been presented for the design of temporal and spectral phase operations, while the effects of potential phase modulation distortions and residual dispersions on repetition-rate control in experiments remain to be investigated. In this paper, numerical studies are conducted for evaluating the feasibility of yielding arbitrary repetition-rate control of optical pulse trains and frequency combs, and it provides additional insights into the optimal design conditions for practical implementation of the scheme.
{"title":"Practical issues in repetition-rate control of optical pulse trains and frequency combs by Talbot self-imaging","authors":"Sheng-Qiang Geng, Yang He, Xiao-Zhou Li, Y. Gu, Mingshan Zhao","doi":"10.1117/12.2689197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2689197","url":null,"abstract":"Talbot self-imaging has been utilized for arbitrary repetition-rate control of optical pulse trains and frequency combs, which are important for many applications. The fundamental theory of generalized Talbot self-imaging has been presented for the design of temporal and spectral phase operations, while the effects of potential phase modulation distortions and residual dispersions on repetition-rate control in experiments remain to be investigated. In this paper, numerical studies are conducted for evaluating the feasibility of yielding arbitrary repetition-rate control of optical pulse trains and frequency combs, and it provides additional insights into the optimal design conditions for practical implementation of the scheme.","PeriodicalId":149506,"journal":{"name":"SPIE/COS Photonics Asia","volume":"48 1","pages":"1277209 - 1277209-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139217293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajay Kumar, M. S. Thomas, Neha Gupta, Amit kumar Goyal, Yehia Massoud
In this study, HTL optimisation techniques have been used to analyse a double halide perovskite (which is lead-free) Cs2NaGaBr6 n-i-p solar cell in order to improve photovoltaic performance. A robust solar cell modeling tool called SCAPS- 1D was used for all of the simulations. The suggested photovoltaic design uses a double perovskite material. With a bandgap of 1.762 eV, Cs2NaGaBr6 is a direct band gap halide double perovskite material that is extremely close to organicinorganic perovskite material. With an improved hole transport layer (HTL) doping (1×1018 cm-3–1×1022 cm-3), the proposed solar cell had a better efficiency of 26.19%. Additionally, Jsc, Voc, FF, and PCE (η) have all been examined as photovoltaic performance parameters. In order to create effective Pb-free perovskite for solar applications, the proposed device may be used.
{"title":"HTL doping density optimization for photovoltaic assessment of Pb-free Cs2NaGaBr6 n-i-p solar cell","authors":"Ajay Kumar, M. S. Thomas, Neha Gupta, Amit kumar Goyal, Yehia Massoud","doi":"10.1117/12.2686546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2686546","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, HTL optimisation techniques have been used to analyse a double halide perovskite (which is lead-free) Cs2NaGaBr6 n-i-p solar cell in order to improve photovoltaic performance. A robust solar cell modeling tool called SCAPS- 1D was used for all of the simulations. The suggested photovoltaic design uses a double perovskite material. With a bandgap of 1.762 eV, Cs2NaGaBr6 is a direct band gap halide double perovskite material that is extremely close to organicinorganic perovskite material. With an improved hole transport layer (HTL) doping (1×1018 cm-3–1×1022 cm-3), the proposed solar cell had a better efficiency of 26.19%. Additionally, Jsc, Voc, FF, and PCE (η) have all been examined as photovoltaic performance parameters. In order to create effective Pb-free perovskite for solar applications, the proposed device may be used.","PeriodicalId":149506,"journal":{"name":"SPIE/COS Photonics Asia","volume":"101 1","pages":"127630W - 127630W-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139218541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When the missile is flying at high speed, the surface shape and refractive index of the conformal dome will change due to the aero-optic effect, which results in different image quality at different flight times. Hence, it is of great significance to study the influence of flight time on aero-optical imaging quality degradation of the conformal dome. Taking an airto- air missile as an example, this paper uses Zernike polynomials, image simulation, and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) to evaluate the degeneration of the aero-optical imaging quality of an ellipsoid dome with a flight time range of 0-10 s under varying conditions. The simulation results show that, with the increase of flight time, (1) the dynamic range of tilt, defocus, astigmatism, and coma increase; (2) the PSNRs of the simulated images decrease. Therefore, the effect of flight time on the aero-optic imaging quality degradation of the ellipsoidal dome is gradually serious.
当导弹高速飞行时，由于气光效应，共形穹顶的表面形状和折射率会发生变化，从而导致不同飞行时间的成像质量不同。因此，研究飞行时间对保形穹顶航空光学成像质量下降的影响具有重要意义。本文以空空导弹为例，采用 Zernike 多项式、图像仿真和峰值信噪比（PSNR）等方法，评估了飞行时间范围为 0-10 s 的椭圆穹顶在不同条件下的气动光学成像质量退化情况。模拟结果表明，随着飞行时间的增加，(1) 倾斜、散焦、散光和昏迷的动态范围增大；(2) 模拟图像的 PSNR 下降。因此，飞行时间对椭球穹顶航空光学成像质量下降的影响是逐渐严重的。
{"title":"Influence of flight time on aero-optical imaging quality degradation of the conformal dome","authors":"Jiaqian Yu","doi":"10.1117/12.2692144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692144","url":null,"abstract":"When the missile is flying at high speed, the surface shape and refractive index of the conformal dome will change due to the aero-optic effect, which results in different image quality at different flight times. Hence, it is of great significance to study the influence of flight time on aero-optical imaging quality degradation of the conformal dome. Taking an airto- air missile as an example, this paper uses Zernike polynomials, image simulation, and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) to evaluate the degeneration of the aero-optical imaging quality of an ellipsoid dome with a flight time range of 0-10 s under varying conditions. The simulation results show that, with the increase of flight time, (1) the dynamic range of tilt, defocus, astigmatism, and coma increase; (2) the PSNRs of the simulated images decrease. Therefore, the effect of flight time on the aero-optic imaging quality degradation of the ellipsoidal dome is gradually serious.","PeriodicalId":149506,"journal":{"name":"SPIE/COS Photonics Asia","volume":"41 1","pages":"127650O - 127650O-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We can achieve a high frequency with a low-phase-noise microwave photonics signal with the help of an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). In this paper, we propose an OEO based on an external modulator and a dispersive component that provides frequency selection properties similar to those of the photonic filter, i.e. π phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (π PS-FBG), which has a fixed center frequency of 1550nm. By changing the wavelength of an optical carrier signal, we can tune the oscillating frequency of the OEO. The π PS-FBG reflected signal was passed through parallelly connected single-mode fibers of 0.1 Km, 0.2 Km, and 0.4 Km length. An extra delay in the loop is provided for locking the oscillating frequency. we use π PS-FBG filters designed for the wavelengths 1550 nm to 1555 nm and the corresponding frequency of oscillation was observed between 4.63 GHz and 40.17 GHz. We make observations of the oscillating frequency. With the help of simulated results, the overall model has been theoretically analyzed and verified.
{"title":"Photonic assisted arbitrary microwave signal generation based on opto-electronic oscillator","authors":"Md. Danish Nadeem, S. Raghuwanshi, Rajnish Raj, Ritesh Kumar, Fei Liu, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1117/12.2687597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2687597","url":null,"abstract":"We can achieve a high frequency with a low-phase-noise microwave photonics signal with the help of an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). In this paper, we propose an OEO based on an external modulator and a dispersive component that provides frequency selection properties similar to those of the photonic filter, i.e. π phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (π PS-FBG), which has a fixed center frequency of 1550nm. By changing the wavelength of an optical carrier signal, we can tune the oscillating frequency of the OEO. The π PS-FBG reflected signal was passed through parallelly connected single-mode fibers of 0.1 Km, 0.2 Km, and 0.4 Km length. An extra delay in the loop is provided for locking the oscillating frequency. we use π PS-FBG filters designed for the wavelengths 1550 nm to 1555 nm and the corresponding frequency of oscillation was observed between 4.63 GHz and 40.17 GHz. We make observations of the oscillating frequency. With the help of simulated results, the overall model has been theoretically analyzed and verified.","PeriodicalId":149506,"journal":{"name":"SPIE/COS Photonics Asia","volume":"14 1","pages":"127640P - 127640P-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonlinear rays are described by the eikonal function, which bridges the gap between wave and geometrical optics. These nonlinear rays follow a path that is always normal to the phase front as it propagates in space. In this paper, we explore how to augment the classical geometrical ray-optics approach to calculate the forces acting on the sphere in an optical trap developed by Ashkin, such that non-linear rays can replace linear rays in the calculation. The greatest advantage of such an approach would be be the capacity to model the orbital angular momentum imparted on the sphere using a Laguerre-Gaussian spatial mode laser. The non-linear rays associated with any convering wavefield can be traced towards their intersection point on the surface of the sphere and for each one of these ’rays’, the scattering force, gradient force, and torque can be derived using the Equations defined by Ashkin. Integration of these forces reveals the total three-dimensional force acting on the sphere as well as total rotational forces which can be decomposed into a ’vertical torque’ and ’horizontal torque.’ As well as investigating the single beam dielectric trap in the model of Ashkin, we additionally investigate the dual beam trap for all cases, which has the benefit of enhanced trapping forces.
{"title":"Nonlinear ray tracing to calculate the forces of an optical laser trap on a dielectric sphere","authors":"Qin Yu, B. Hennelly","doi":"10.1117/12.2689210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2689210","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear rays are described by the eikonal function, which bridges the gap between wave and geometrical optics. These nonlinear rays follow a path that is always normal to the phase front as it propagates in space. In this paper, we explore how to augment the classical geometrical ray-optics approach to calculate the forces acting on the sphere in an optical trap developed by Ashkin, such that non-linear rays can replace linear rays in the calculation. The greatest advantage of such an approach would be be the capacity to model the orbital angular momentum imparted on the sphere using a Laguerre-Gaussian spatial mode laser. The non-linear rays associated with any convering wavefield can be traced towards their intersection point on the surface of the sphere and for each one of these ’rays’, the scattering force, gradient force, and torque can be derived using the Equations defined by Ashkin. Integration of these forces reveals the total three-dimensional force acting on the sphere as well as total rotational forces which can be decomposed into a ’vertical torque’ and ’horizontal torque.’ As well as investigating the single beam dielectric trap in the model of Ashkin, we additionally investigate the dual beam trap for all cases, which has the benefit of enhanced trapping forces.","PeriodicalId":149506,"journal":{"name":"SPIE/COS Photonics Asia","volume":"51 1","pages":"1276509 - 1276509-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139222796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yatao Yang, Yongxian Yan, Yifan Wang, Wei-Wei Cheng, Qiancheng Zhao, Yi Li
We propose a design for all-dielectric (gallium phosphide, GaP) nanoantenna to enhance single molecule fluorescence. The slotted GaP nanodisk exhibits strong scattering and limited optical loss, resulting in more than 30× excitation enhancement growth at the resonance position. Our proposed scheme also enables precise manipulation of the local density of optical states, leading to a nearly one order of magnitude increments in quantum yield for individual dye (original quantum yield is 0.01) and 12× emission enhancement. We benchmark the overall fluorescent enhancement for the four commercial dye colors (original quantum yield is 0.3) and achieved one-order of enhancement higher than commercialized zero-mode waveguide (ZMW) in the simulation. Our GaP-based design not only provides a solution for next-generation chips for DNA and protein sequencing, but also contributes to single-entity interactions, portable fluorescence detection, and integrated devices with quantum light sources.
我们提出了一种用于增强单分子荧光的全介电（磷化镓，GaP）纳米天线设计。开槽的 GaP 纳米盘具有很强的散射和有限的光学损耗，从而在共振位置实现了 30 倍以上的激发增强增长。我们提出的方案还能精确操纵光学态的局部密度，使单个染料的量子产率提高了近一个数量级（原始量子产率为 0.01），发射增强了 12 倍。我们对四种商用染料颜色（原始量子产率为 0.3）的整体荧光增强效果进行了基准测试，并在模拟中实现了比商用零模波导（ZMW）高一个数量级的增强。我们基于 GaP 的设计不仅为下一代 DNA 和蛋白质测序芯片提供了解决方案，还有助于单实体相互作用、便携式荧光检测以及量子光源集成器件。
{"title":"Gallium phosphide nanoantenna controls enhanced single-molecule fluorescence","authors":"Yatao Yang, Yongxian Yan, Yifan Wang, Wei-Wei Cheng, Qiancheng Zhao, Yi Li","doi":"10.1117/12.2689146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2689146","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a design for all-dielectric (gallium phosphide, GaP) nanoantenna to enhance single molecule fluorescence. The slotted GaP nanodisk exhibits strong scattering and limited optical loss, resulting in more than 30× excitation enhancement growth at the resonance position. Our proposed scheme also enables precise manipulation of the local density of optical states, leading to a nearly one order of magnitude increments in quantum yield for individual dye (original quantum yield is 0.01) and 12× emission enhancement. We benchmark the overall fluorescent enhancement for the four commercial dye colors (original quantum yield is 0.3) and achieved one-order of enhancement higher than commercialized zero-mode waveguide (ZMW) in the simulation. Our GaP-based design not only provides a solution for next-generation chips for DNA and protein sequencing, but also contributes to single-entity interactions, portable fluorescence detection, and integrated devices with quantum light sources.","PeriodicalId":149506,"journal":{"name":"SPIE/COS Photonics Asia","volume":"10 1","pages":"127730W - 127730W-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139223664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bolun Zhang, Juan Ning, Jie Gong, Xiao Han, Linhua Yang
According to the requirement of aircraft test mission, a set of radiant heat simulation system which can be used in complex extreme environment is developed in this paper. The system is mainly composed of optical subsystem, mechanical structure, cooling subsystem and control subsystem. The design process of this system mainly includes optical system design, mechanical structure design, cooling system design, control system design and environmental adaptability design. The radiant heat simulation system needs to ensure the normal operation under the extreme environment of low pressure (5kPa), high humidity (90%RH), high temperature (75°C) and low temperature (-20°C). In order to solve this difficulty, the system developed a special light source protection cabin. The protection chamber can provide normal temperature, normal pressure and low humidity working environment for the light source. With the help of cooling system and control system, the environment adaptability of radiant heat simulation system is ensured effectively. After the development of the radiant heat simulation system, six indexes including irradiance, spectrum, illumination area, irradiation uniformity, irradiation stability and environmental adaptability were evaluated according to the test standards. At present, the radiant heat simulation system has been involved in part of the aircraft test, the effect has been recognized by the test department.
{"title":"Development of radiant heat simulation system in extreme environment","authors":"Bolun Zhang, Juan Ning, Jie Gong, Xiao Han, Linhua Yang","doi":"10.1117/12.2687281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2687281","url":null,"abstract":"According to the requirement of aircraft test mission, a set of radiant heat simulation system which can be used in complex extreme environment is developed in this paper. The system is mainly composed of optical subsystem, mechanical structure, cooling subsystem and control subsystem. The design process of this system mainly includes optical system design, mechanical structure design, cooling system design, control system design and environmental adaptability design. The radiant heat simulation system needs to ensure the normal operation under the extreme environment of low pressure (5kPa), high humidity (90%RH), high temperature (75°C) and low temperature (-20°C). In order to solve this difficulty, the system developed a special light source protection cabin. The protection chamber can provide normal temperature, normal pressure and low humidity working environment for the light source. With the help of cooling system and control system, the environment adaptability of radiant heat simulation system is ensured effectively. After the development of the radiant heat simulation system, six indexes including irradiance, spectrum, illumination area, irradiation uniformity, irradiation stability and environmental adaptability were evaluated according to the test standards. At present, the radiant heat simulation system has been involved in part of the aircraft test, the effect has been recognized by the test department.","PeriodicalId":149506,"journal":{"name":"SPIE/COS Photonics Asia","volume":"39 1","pages":"1276410 - 1276410-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139216253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjali Sharma, K. Choure, A. Saharia, N. Mudgal, M. Tiwari, Ghanshyam Singh, Santosh Kumar
The current work proposes an optimized design for 2-bit synchronous up counter using silicon nitride on insulator optical microring resonators (MRRs). The research involves exploring the existing designs of up counter structures based on MRRs, and then minimizing the number of rings being used in the proposed model. The proposed design uses four MRRs for Synchronous up counter operation and the model has been validated through the MATLAB simulation result. The main component of the design is the MRR which can act as a switch depending upon the output at the drop port or the through port according to the MRR being in an on-resonance or off-resonance state respectively. The principle of the MRR is that on applying a vertical pump signal over the ring, the non-linear refractive index of the ring undergoes a temporary blue shift resulting due to π- phase shift in the ring, changing the resonant frequency of operation of the ring. The average pump power required for the blue shift can be obtained from the phase shift vs. the average pump power graph simulated in MATLAB. This shift in resonance frequency is employed to switching action for the signal to be output at the drop port or the through port of the MRR and based on the drive signal inputs of the present state and the clock to the rings in the resonator structure which act as pump signal over the ring, the next state of the counter is determined.
{"title":"Modelling of all optical synchronous up-counter using microring resonator","authors":"Anjali Sharma, K. Choure, A. Saharia, N. Mudgal, M. Tiwari, Ghanshyam Singh, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1117/12.2687583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2687583","url":null,"abstract":"The current work proposes an optimized design for 2-bit synchronous up counter using silicon nitride on insulator optical microring resonators (MRRs). The research involves exploring the existing designs of up counter structures based on MRRs, and then minimizing the number of rings being used in the proposed model. The proposed design uses four MRRs for Synchronous up counter operation and the model has been validated through the MATLAB simulation result. The main component of the design is the MRR which can act as a switch depending upon the output at the drop port or the through port according to the MRR being in an on-resonance or off-resonance state respectively. The principle of the MRR is that on applying a vertical pump signal over the ring, the non-linear refractive index of the ring undergoes a temporary blue shift resulting due to π- phase shift in the ring, changing the resonant frequency of operation of the ring. The average pump power required for the blue shift can be obtained from the phase shift vs. the average pump power graph simulated in MATLAB. This shift in resonance frequency is employed to switching action for the signal to be output at the drop port or the through port of the MRR and based on the drive signal inputs of the present state and the clock to the rings in the resonator structure which act as pump signal over the ring, the next state of the counter is determined.","PeriodicalId":149506,"journal":{"name":"SPIE/COS Photonics Asia","volume":"58 1","pages":"127730G - 127730G-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139216617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Song Tang, Yijun Zhang, G. Jiao, Feng Shi, Dongzhi Wang, Zehao Tong, Yu Jiang, Guanghui Hao
Graphene is considered a suitable atomically thick layer on photocathodes, and the photoemission performance of the graphene-covered photocathodes can be enhanced through Cs/O activation. To investigate the effects of the substrate materials beneath the graphene layer on Cs/O deposition and photoemission performance. We compare the activation processes and photoemission performances of few-layer graphene supported by nickel and copper to investigate the effects of the substrate materials beneath the graphene layer on Cs/O deposition and photoemission performance. By Cs/O activation, the nickel-supported few-layer graphene can possess a higher response at 405 nm, while the copper-supported cathode can acquire a wider spectral response and better stability. After degradation, we discover that the samples supported by nickel and copper can act differently through the additional Cs/O deposition processes, while the surface barrier heights of both samples are further decreased.
{"title":"Substrate effects on surface activation processes of graphene/metal composite photocathodes","authors":"Song Tang, Yijun Zhang, G. Jiao, Feng Shi, Dongzhi Wang, Zehao Tong, Yu Jiang, Guanghui Hao","doi":"10.1117/12.2687574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2687574","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene is considered a suitable atomically thick layer on photocathodes, and the photoemission performance of the graphene-covered photocathodes can be enhanced through Cs/O activation. To investigate the effects of the substrate materials beneath the graphene layer on Cs/O deposition and photoemission performance. We compare the activation processes and photoemission performances of few-layer graphene supported by nickel and copper to investigate the effects of the substrate materials beneath the graphene layer on Cs/O deposition and photoemission performance. By Cs/O activation, the nickel-supported few-layer graphene can possess a higher response at 405 nm, while the copper-supported cathode can acquire a wider spectral response and better stability. After degradation, we discover that the samples supported by nickel and copper can act differently through the additional Cs/O deposition processes, while the surface barrier heights of both samples are further decreased.","PeriodicalId":149506,"journal":{"name":"SPIE/COS Photonics Asia","volume":"249 1","pages":"127640E - 127640E-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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