Basing on statistics published by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the article examines the regional performance of the Presidential Decrees of May 7, 2012 that stipulate measures to increase wages in the public sector, as well as to create and modernize 25 million high-performance workplaces. It is shown that the documents adopted by the government in pursuance of the Decrees underestimated the level of regional differentiation in Russia, local budgets and the specifics of manufacturing, which has led to negative consequences in some subjects of the Federation. The article justifies the need to adjust the share of liabilities attributable to regional budgets due to a slowdown in economic growth and to account for the imbalance that appears with a sharp increase in the deficit and public debt. It is demonstrated that spatial determinants highly differentiate the quantity of high-performance workplaces in regions and their share in the total number of jobs. In order to meet the set targets, it is necessary to take measures to create and modernize high-performance workplaces with regard to the specifics of manufacturing in regions
{"title":"Regions of Russia: Adaptation to Measures of State Regulation","authors":"V.G.Basareva","doi":"10.15372/reg20150602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15372/reg20150602","url":null,"abstract":"Basing on statistics published by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the article examines the regional performance of the Presidential Decrees of May 7, 2012 that stipulate measures to increase wages in the public sector, as well as to create and modernize 25 million high-performance workplaces. It is shown that the documents adopted by the government in pursuance of the Decrees underestimated the level of regional differentiation in Russia, local budgets and the specifics of manufacturing, which has led to negative consequences in some subjects of the Federation. The article justifies the need to adjust the share of liabilities attributable to regional budgets due to a slowdown in economic growth and to account for the imbalance that appears with a sharp increase in the deficit and public debt. It is demonstrated that spatial determinants highly differentiate the quantity of high-performance workplaces in regions and their share in the total number of jobs. In order to meet the set targets, it is necessary to take measures to create and modernize high-performance workplaces with regard to the specifics of manufacturing in regions","PeriodicalId":149702,"journal":{"name":"Journal Region: Economics and Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122834016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article demonstrates that the most important reason for the slowdown and stagnation of economic convergence in East Germany is the weakness in terms of research and development and innovation. It analyzes the interrelationship between industrial and innovative development in the East German federal states since 1990. The article shows how the East German industry sector and its R&D activities looked like in the late 1980s and which transition it had undergone in the course of privatization. The industrial development of the new federal states after 1990 is analyzed. The paper reveals structural shortcomings in East Germany's economy and considers their impact on the progress in R&D
{"title":"Interrelationship between Industrial and Innovation Development in East Germany","authors":"G.Heimpold","doi":"10.15372/reg20150615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15372/reg20150615","url":null,"abstract":"The article demonstrates that the most important reason for the slowdown and stagnation of economic convergence in East Germany is the weakness in terms of research and development and innovation. It analyzes the interrelationship between industrial and innovative development in the East German federal states since 1990. The article shows how the East German industry sector and its R&D activities looked like in the late 1980s and which transition it had undergone in the course of privatization. The industrial development of the new federal states after 1990 is analyzed. The paper reveals structural shortcomings in East Germany's economy and considers their impact on the progress in R&D","PeriodicalId":149702,"journal":{"name":"Journal Region: Economics and Sociology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134210352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Suslov, G. Bobylev, O. Valieva, G. V. Zhdan, N. Kravchenko, A. Kuznetsov
A comparative analysis of existing legal acts allocated tasks, mechanisms and instruments of innovation policy used at the regional level. Following the analysis, there has been formed the complete list of government administrative tasks for innovation policy of sub-federal management. By comparing the resulting list with the space where innovation policy is implemented at different stages of the innovation cycle, the authors managed to identify bottlenecks and flaws in promotion of demand for innovation at the regional level. An elaborated methodical approach to identifying bottlenecks in the regional policy which depress demand for innovative products has been evaluated with evidence from Novosibirsk Oblast. As a result, this article proposes methods to improve administrative tasks, mechanisms and instruments of regional policy implementation aimed at promoting demand for innovation
{"title":"Determining Ways to Improve Regional Innovation Policy","authors":"V. Suslov, G. Bobylev, O. Valieva, G. V. Zhdan, N. Kravchenko, A. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.15372/reg20150110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15372/reg20150110","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative analysis of existing legal acts allocated tasks, mechanisms and instruments of innovation policy used at the regional level. Following the analysis, there has been formed the complete list of government administrative tasks for innovation policy of sub-federal management. By comparing the resulting list with the space where innovation policy is implemented at different stages of the innovation cycle, the authors managed to identify bottlenecks and flaws in promotion of demand for innovation at the regional level. An elaborated methodical approach to identifying bottlenecks in the regional policy which depress demand for innovative products has been evaluated with evidence from Novosibirsk Oblast. As a result, this article proposes methods to improve administrative tasks, mechanisms and instruments of regional policy implementation aimed at promoting demand for innovation","PeriodicalId":149702,"journal":{"name":"Journal Region: Economics and Sociology","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133209906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the problems of modernization and enhancement of regional socio-economic development governance in the context of elaboration of a new system of public administration and local government. An innovative approach to regional and municipal governance has been offered, the peculiar feature of which being taking into account of the objective conditions and controversies of socio-economic development of a region, the orientation of management at the improving of regional economy competitiveness and the use of new instruments of state regulation, planning and forecasting methods at a regional level. The ways of enhancing of regional and municipal governance on the basis of implementation of innovative management practices have been identified. Based on performance evaluation of regional governance and generalization of its experience, and on the basis of comparative analysis of pre-planning schemes and procedures, diagnostics and forecasting methods, a new system of planning and forecasting documents ensuring the unity and interconnection between regional and municipal levels of administration has been worked out
{"title":"Innovative Approach to Regional and Municipal Governance","authors":"A. Novoselov, A. Ru","doi":"10.15372/reg20150104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15372/reg20150104","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the problems of modernization and enhancement of regional socio-economic development governance in the context of elaboration of a new system of public administration and local government. An innovative approach to regional and municipal governance has been offered, the peculiar feature of which being taking into account of the objective conditions and controversies of socio-economic development of a region, the orientation of management at the improving of regional economy competitiveness and the use of new instruments of state regulation, planning and forecasting methods at a regional level. The ways of enhancing of regional and municipal governance on the basis of implementation of innovative management practices have been identified. Based on performance evaluation of regional governance and generalization of its experience, and on the basis of comparative analysis of pre-planning schemes and procedures, diagnostics and forecasting methods, a new system of planning and forecasting documents ensuring the unity and interconnection between regional and municipal levels of administration has been worked out","PeriodicalId":149702,"journal":{"name":"Journal Region: Economics and Sociology","volume":"9 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131662298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses intercompany cooperation, with particular attention to the innovative business. Initially partnerships are understood as an element of company's relational resources. External relations are selected from the whole set of partnerships; we analyze their influence on the competitiveness of a firm. Various forms of partnerships could be found within industrial markets, and generally they are very flexible. Besides traditionally defined market and hierarchical mechanisms, there are some hybrid schemes. The article shows that these hybrid schemes act as a form of so-called «quasi-integration» between companies, which enables them to obtain certain advantages of integrated structures and retain their legal entity status. According to our hypothesis, cooperation model choice is dictated by several factors, including company's characteristics, market structure, and the specificity of assets. Also, we analyze partnership relations of businesses that are included in the national rating «TechUspech», as well as the cooperation between a few small and medium-size innovative companies in Siberia. The study results have revealed that firms related to the knowledge economy and those dealing with oil and gas sector use complex hybrid schemes of quasi-integrative cooperation with a wide range of partners being involved. Despite the widely acknowledged importance of partnership for innovative companies, in most cases, this kind of relations develops spontaneously. Regular partner relationship management does not exist yet. Many innovative companies consider large domestic and foreign corporations as reliable main partners; therefore, these agents play a significant role in the innovative economy.
{"title":"Development of Intercompany Cooperation Models in Russian Industrial Markets: Case of Innovative Business","authors":"A.T.Yusupova","doi":"10.15372/reg20150913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15372/reg20150913","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses intercompany cooperation, with particular attention to the innovative business. Initially partnerships are understood as an element of company's relational resources. External relations are selected from the whole set of partnerships; we analyze their influence on the competitiveness of a firm. Various forms of partnerships could be found within industrial markets, and generally they are very flexible. Besides traditionally defined market and hierarchical mechanisms, there are some hybrid schemes. The article shows that these hybrid schemes act as a form of so-called «quasi-integration» between companies, which enables them to obtain certain advantages of integrated structures and retain their legal entity status. According to our hypothesis, cooperation model choice is dictated by several factors, including company's characteristics, market structure, and the specificity of assets. Also, we analyze partnership relations of businesses that are included in the national rating «TechUspech», as well as the cooperation between a few small and medium-size innovative companies in Siberia. The study results have revealed that firms related to the knowledge economy and those dealing with oil and gas sector use complex hybrid schemes of quasi-integrative cooperation with a wide range of partners being involved. Despite the widely acknowledged importance of partnership for innovative companies, in most cases, this kind of relations develops spontaneously. Regular partner relationship management does not exist yet. Many innovative companies consider large domestic and foreign corporations as reliable main partners; therefore, these agents play a significant role in the innovative economy.","PeriodicalId":149702,"journal":{"name":"Journal Region: Economics and Sociology","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127896493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents an authors’ interpretation of the resilience and vulnerability of the territory in a competitive economic environment. A promising method to classify possible failures and other destructive situations is creating vulnerability maps of the territories. A conclusion is made based on the sociological survey conducted by the authors: in order to reduce the vulnerability and increase the resilience of the territories, it is necessary to maximize competitive cooperation between the territories. As one of the mechanisms to raise the resilience of the territories, the authors propose a program of agro-industrial clustering. It is shown that the resilience of the territories directly depends on the institutional environment for business in the region, the mobility of the economy in this territory, and the reputation of the territory in a competitive economic environment
{"title":"Resilience of Territories in a Competitive Economic Environment","authors":"S. Vazhenin, I. Vazhenina","doi":"10.15372/reg20150609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15372/reg20150609","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an authors’ interpretation of the resilience and vulnerability of the territory in a competitive economic environment. A promising method to classify possible failures and other destructive situations is creating vulnerability maps of the territories. A conclusion is made based on the sociological survey conducted by the authors: in order to reduce the vulnerability and increase the resilience of the territories, it is necessary to maximize competitive cooperation between the territories. As one of the mechanisms to raise the resilience of the territories, the authors propose a program of agro-industrial clustering. It is shown that the resilience of the territories directly depends on the institutional environment for business in the region, the mobility of the economy in this territory, and the reputation of the territory in a competitive economic environment","PeriodicalId":149702,"journal":{"name":"Journal Region: Economics and Sociology","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130630869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyses the quality of strategies of socio-economic development for regions of Russia. It also considers the perspectives opened by these strategies being available for regional research, namely, for evaluating the appropriateness of optimistic expectations and the reasonability of regions' economic growth forecasts. The article creates a growth forecast for Russia's economy from isolated regional forecasts, estimates its basic parameters and represents it as an outcome of «collective prediction» of regions that is to be verified. This empirical study is based on the available strategies of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation up to 2020-2030. The method includes the following steps: collection and systematization of strategies' forecasts; transformation of expected outcomes of strategies into compatible indicators and their consolidation across federal districts; comparative analysis of the consolidated forecasts with the all-round forecast of Russia's economic development, made on the basis of a multiregional input-output model. It is revealed that optimistic growth forecasts for the GRP may often be overestimated and not coordinated with investment forecasts. In order to evaluate the achievability of forecasted regional economic development indices, we used a spatial input-output model that is capable to produce a forecast in view of resource constraints, interregional and intersectoral interactions on the scale of the national economy. Moderate forecasts are inherent mostly in highly developed regions. Excessive optimistic projections over a balanced forecast may serve as an indicator of interregional competition for investment. Scarcity of labor is evaluated by comparing consolidated regional demographic forecasts with the official demographic forecast by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service
{"title":"«Collective Prediction» as a by-Product of Regional Strategic Planning","authors":"L.V.Melnikova","doi":"10.15372/reg20150603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15372/reg20150603","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses the quality of strategies of socio-economic development for regions of Russia. It also considers the perspectives opened by these strategies being available for regional research, namely, for evaluating the appropriateness of optimistic expectations and the reasonability of regions' economic growth forecasts. The article creates a growth forecast for Russia's economy from isolated regional forecasts, estimates its basic parameters and represents it as an outcome of «collective prediction» of regions that is to be verified. This empirical study is based on the available strategies of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation up to 2020-2030. The method includes the following steps: collection and systematization of strategies' forecasts; transformation of expected outcomes of strategies into compatible indicators and their consolidation across federal districts; comparative analysis of the consolidated forecasts with the all-round forecast of Russia's economic development, made on the basis of a multiregional input-output model. It is revealed that optimistic growth forecasts for the GRP may often be overestimated and not coordinated with investment forecasts. In order to evaluate the achievability of forecasted regional economic development indices, we used a spatial input-output model that is capable to produce a forecast in view of resource constraints, interregional and intersectoral interactions on the scale of the national economy. Moderate forecasts are inherent mostly in highly developed regions. Excessive optimistic projections over a balanced forecast may serve as an indicator of interregional competition for investment. Scarcity of labor is evaluated by comparing consolidated regional demographic forecasts with the official demographic forecast by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service","PeriodicalId":149702,"journal":{"name":"Journal Region: Economics and Sociology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132452764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents a methodological approach to the simultaneous solution of problems of the strategic, tactical and operational planning in production of complex electrical equipment with long manufacturing process. Novelty of research consists in the combination and coordination of optimization of volume calendar planning (strategic, tactical), current calendar planning (scheduling), network planning and management. The main difficulty is to build a model of production scheduling according to leading groups of equipment from the entire list of products basing on the data from the network planning process for each product separately. In addition, the formulation of the problem above presents a new approach to accounting for duration of works (operations) as not a multiple of the selected time unit. In the end, the joint problem of production scheduling with resource constraints is reduced to the problem of linear integer programming, of which the solution is feasible with the use of the existing software
{"title":"Optimization of Tactical and Operational Planning in Manufacturing of Complex Electrical Equipment","authors":"V. Titov, D. A. Bezmelnitsyn","doi":"10.15372/reg20150109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15372/reg20150109","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a methodological approach to the simultaneous solution of problems of the strategic, tactical and operational planning in production of complex electrical equipment with long manufacturing process. Novelty of research consists in the combination and coordination of optimization of volume calendar planning (strategic, tactical), current calendar planning (scheduling), network planning and management. The main difficulty is to build a model of production scheduling according to leading groups of equipment from the entire list of products basing on the data from the network planning process for each product separately. In addition, the formulation of the problem above presents a new approach to accounting for duration of works (operations) as not a multiple of the selected time unit. In the end, the joint problem of production scheduling with resource constraints is reduced to the problem of linear integer programming, of which the solution is feasible with the use of the existing software","PeriodicalId":149702,"journal":{"name":"Journal Region: Economics and Sociology","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128179661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyses reasons for merging of regions of the Russian Federation into a united subfederal region. It manifests positive and negative consequences of such transformation. It is concluded that neither domestic nor foreign sciences give an answer to the question of how to assess the economic effect from merging of regions. The problems that arise during the qualitative assessment of the consequences from merging of regions are considered, as well as rankings of variants of merging. They are solved with ordinal variables—gradations of scale that state in points (ranks) the factor’s influence on the success of merging of regions under study—and with the overmedian ranks method which differentiate variants according to their attractiveness. Ranks are integers on a given range assigned to each of the compared variants by experts. They are suitable for solving those tasks which have their resulting indicators naturally interpreted qualitatively rather than quantitatively, and if the same interpretation can be given to the parameters (factors) influencing the result. The article examines a model example of the Komi Republic: whether it is effective to merge it with one of the seven neighboring regions. The priority of merging with one of the neighboring regions is identified by the overmedian ranks method
{"title":"The Qualitative Assessment Model for Variants of Merging of Regions","authors":"S. Sadov","doi":"10.15372/reg20150103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15372/reg20150103","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses reasons for merging of regions of the Russian Federation into a united subfederal region. It manifests positive and negative consequences of such transformation. It is concluded that neither domestic nor foreign sciences give an answer to the question of how to assess the economic effect from merging of regions. The problems that arise during the qualitative assessment of the consequences from merging of regions are considered, as well as rankings of variants of merging. They are solved with ordinal variables—gradations of scale that state in points (ranks) the factor’s influence on the success of merging of regions under study—and with the overmedian ranks method which differentiate variants according to their attractiveness. Ranks are integers on a given range assigned to each of the compared variants by experts. They are suitable for solving those tasks which have their resulting indicators naturally interpreted qualitatively rather than quantitatively, and if the same interpretation can be given to the parameters (factors) influencing the result. The article examines a model example of the Komi Republic: whether it is effective to merge it with one of the seven neighboring regions. The priority of merging with one of the neighboring regions is identified by the overmedian ranks method","PeriodicalId":149702,"journal":{"name":"Journal Region: Economics and Sociology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115852366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper proposes a model of public administration based on information and communication technologies (ICT). The model includes the following units: open data, crowdsourcing and open government. In order to work out in detail the transfer of knowledge and competencies from the society to the state, we have studied crowdsourcing and its potential use in public administration as a tool to improve the efficiency of state authorities. The article compiles a typology of best practices and applications according to degrees of citizen engagement in governance and political activities. Opportunities and obstacles to the use of the new model of public administration based on ICT are analyzed by the administration of Novosibirsk Oblast. There are recommendations on how to involve the scientific potential of Novosibirsk’s Akademgorodok in the governance of the region
{"title":"Crowdsourcing as a Component of a New Public Administration Model for Regions","authors":"M. Kaneva","doi":"10.15372/reg20150107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15372/reg20150107","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a model of public administration based on information and communication technologies (ICT). The model includes the following units: open data, crowdsourcing and open government. In order to work out in detail the transfer of knowledge and competencies from the society to the state, we have studied crowdsourcing and its potential use in public administration as a tool to improve the efficiency of state authorities. The article compiles a typology of best practices and applications according to degrees of citizen engagement in governance and political activities. Opportunities and obstacles to the use of the new model of public administration based on ICT are analyzed by the administration of Novosibirsk Oblast. There are recommendations on how to involve the scientific potential of Novosibirsk’s Akademgorodok in the governance of the region","PeriodicalId":149702,"journal":{"name":"Journal Region: Economics and Sociology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117059850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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