Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5406/19364695.42.4.06
J. Ordaz
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Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5406/19364695.42.4.09
J. Chariton
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Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5406/19364695.42.4.13
Thong M. Trinh
In the 1960s, scholarship in America witnessed a movement from studies on civil rights topics to an emphasis on Black Power. One of the most signification contributions to this emerging trend is Joy Ann Williamson's book, Black Power on Campus: The University of Illinois, 1965–75. The book consists of seven chapters, emphasizing the evolution of Black consciousness on predominately white American higher education institutions during the critical period between the mid-1960s and mid-1970s. Williamson presents readers with vital insights and information about similar movements across the country by using the experience of African American students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) as an illuminating microcosm.Williamson explores the formation of Black Power ideology, the conception of “Blackness,” and notion of self-advancement versus racial solidarity, using a plethora of sources from the late 1960s to early 1970s, together with interviews from student activists, former administrators, and teachers. She skillfully addresses the challenges of class and gender within the movement and the difficulties and grief that students had in defining “Blackness.” She examines the influence of this movement on the institution and the relationship between students’ views and educational reform. Williamson also illustrates the intricacy of student involvement during a time of protest that mirrored local and national concerns.The deliberate attempt to connect African American student organizing with the more significant Black Power movement distinguishes this book. Using the terminology of the Black Power movement and African American psychologist William Cross, Jr.’s “Nigrescence” or “Negro-to-Black Conversion Process model,” Williamson refers to some African American students as “Negroes” and portrays their aspirations as integrationists. She uses the term “Black” for those students who were dedicated to “instilling solidarity and unity among Black students, expressing the positive aspects of Black culture, and providing a training ground for political organization and leadership” (p. 28). Williamson's use of student testimonies effectively locates these distinctions in the split between the Civil Rights Movement and the adoption of the Black Power ideology. Sandra Norris, a former student, shares, “When I came there, I was . . . a student who happened to be Black. When I left, I was a Black who happened to be a student” (p. 49).The Black Student Association (BSA) became the hub of Black student power and organization. The BSA, the successor to a Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) group, established an organizational structure and newspaper that, despite occasionally engaging in internal conflict, was successful in pressuring the university to increase the recruitment of African American students, establish a Black cultural center, and to some extent, establish a Black studies program. The achievements occurred during the Black Power movem
20世纪60年代，美国学术界见证了一场运动，从对民权主题的研究转向对黑人权力的重视。乔伊·安·威廉姆森(Joy Ann Williamson)的书《校园中的黑人权力:伊利诺伊大学，1965 - 1975》是对这一新兴趋势最重要的贡献之一。这本书由七个章节组成，强调了黑人意识在20世纪60年代中期到70年代中期这一关键时期在白人占主导地位的美国高等教育机构中的演变。威廉姆森以伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校(UIUC)非裔美国学生的经历作为一个具有启发性的缩影，向读者展示了有关全国各地类似运动的重要见解和信息。威廉森探讨了黑人权力意识形态的形成，“黑人”的概念，以及自我进步与种族团结的概念，使用了从20世纪60年代末到70年代初的大量资源，以及对学生活动家、前管理人员和教师的采访。她巧妙地处理了运动中阶级和性别的挑战，以及学生在定义“黑人”时遇到的困难和悲伤。她研究了这一运动对教育机构的影响，以及学生观点与教育改革之间的关系。威廉姆森还说明了学生参与抗议活动的复杂性，这反映了当地和全国的关注。有意将非裔美国学生组织与更重要的黑人权力运动联系起来，这是本书的特色。运用黑人权力运动的术语和非裔美国心理学家威廉·克罗斯的“黑化”或“黑人向黑人转变过程模型”，威廉姆森将一些非裔美国学生称为“黑人”，并将他们的抱负描绘为种族融合主义者。她用“黑人”一词来形容那些致力于“在黑人学生中灌输团结和统一，表达黑人文化的积极方面，并为政治组织和领导提供训练场地”的学生(第28页)。威廉森对学生证词的使用有效地将这些区别定位在民权运动和采用黑人权力意识形态之间的分裂。桑德拉诺里斯，以前的学生，分享，“当我来到那里，我是…碰巧是黑人的学生当我离开时，我是一个黑人，碰巧是一个学生”(第49页)。黑人学生协会(BSA)成为黑人学生权力和组织的中心。BSA是种族平等大会(CORE)组织的继承者，建立了一个组织结构和报纸，尽管偶尔会发生内部冲突，但它成功地向大学施加了压力，要求增加招收非裔美国学生，建立黑人文化中心，并在某种程度上建立了黑人研究项目。这些成就发生在黑人权力运动期间，这也可以被认为是学生运动的顶峰。在20世纪70年代，BSA的崩溃与这些运动的衰落同时发生。威廉姆森认为，大学通过教育改革挪用一些项目的能力既是运动成功的一个标志，也是运动失败的一个因素。虽然威廉姆森的书很吸引人，但仍有一些地方需要考虑。她采访了31名参与者，其中包括8名女性。了解这些受访者是如何被选中的，将会很有见地。此外，叙事缺乏对左翼大学团体的讨论，这些团体可能涉及非裔美国人和白人学生。鉴于这所大学的马克思主义组织历史，似乎有相当多的黑人学生参加了这类活动，因此他们参与背后的原因和动机可能会带来更多微妙的信息。威廉姆森提到了非洲裔美国学生中的社会阶级问题，这导致了黑人权力支持者和工人阶级权力支持者之间潜在的辩论或讨论。对非裔美国学生的班级划分进行更详细的分析将提供进一步的见解。鉴于最近法院关于平权行动和高等教育中的种族多样性的裁决，以及高等教育机构为促进包容性教育所做的大量努力，《校园黑人权力》既是一个话题，也是一个信息丰富的话题。它为黑人权力研究的新兴文献提供了实质性的贡献。威廉姆森通过分析非裔美国大学生的艰苦斗争和取得的巨大成就，论证了为什么多元化是一个根本问题。她对一场重要的运动进行了制度和文化研究，并对学术民主和真正教育的斗争的重要组成部分进行了历史研究。 她还强调了记录美国历史上这一关键时期的必要性。对于那些研究有色人种学生和建立学生组织的人来说，《校园黑人权力》是必不可少的读物。
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Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5406/19364695.42.4.04
Michael E. Staub
{"title":"The Strange Career of Racial Liberalism","authors":"Michael E. Staub","doi":"10.5406/19364695.42.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48174768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5406/19364695.42.3.02
T. L. Larsen
This article extends research literature on the cultural production of nineteenth-century immigrants to America by exploring how a Danish American songbook constitutes an important historical source documenting the ethnic identity, political standpoint, and gradual acculturation of its compilers and users. Based on the seven editions of Songbook for the Danish People in America published between 1888 and 1949, the article demonstrates how the songbook was compiled as an ideological tool for intergenerational cultural transmission and cultural heritage maintenance, which ultimately laid the foundation for a new, Danish American cultural heritage. By linking the physical manifestation of the songbook with the semantic content of its songs and the social, embodied practice of singing, the article argues that the songbook became a locus for negotiations of ethnic identity, cultural heritage preservation, and acculturation among Danish Americans by the end of the nineteenth century and throughout the first half of the twentieth century. Each time a new edition was compiled, the editorial process spurred public debates about the current state of Danish ethnicity in America and the ideal strategy for integration. As such, the songbook offers a window on the variable and negotiable nature of ethnicity.
{"title":"Singing-in and Singing-out Ethnicity: An Immigrant Songbook as a Locus for Negotiations of Ethnic Identity, Cultural Heritage Preservation, and Acculturation, 1880s–1940s","authors":"T. L. Larsen","doi":"10.5406/19364695.42.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article extends research literature on the cultural production of nineteenth-century immigrants to America by exploring how a Danish American songbook constitutes an important historical source documenting the ethnic identity, political standpoint, and gradual acculturation of its compilers and users. Based on the seven editions of Songbook for the Danish People in America published between 1888 and 1949, the article demonstrates how the songbook was compiled as an ideological tool for intergenerational cultural transmission and cultural heritage maintenance, which ultimately laid the foundation for a new, Danish American cultural heritage. By linking the physical manifestation of the songbook with the semantic content of its songs and the social, embodied practice of singing, the article argues that the songbook became a locus for negotiations of ethnic identity, cultural heritage preservation, and acculturation among Danish Americans by the end of the nineteenth century and throughout the first half of the twentieth century. Each time a new edition was compiled, the editorial process spurred public debates about the current state of Danish ethnicity in America and the ideal strategy for integration. As such, the songbook offers a window on the variable and negotiable nature of ethnicity.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48269985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5406/19364695.42.3.08
Jada Cheek
Johns Hopkins University, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences. Baltimore, MD. Society of Black Alumni Presidential Professor. 2017-present. Professor of History. 2017-present. Professor of the SNF Agora Institute. 2020-present. Director, Hard Histories at Hopkins. 2020-present. University of Michigan, College of Literature, Science and Arts. Ann Arbor, MI. 20012017. Presidential Bicentennial Professor. 2016-2017. Arthur F. Thurnau Professor. 2013-2017. Professor of History and Afroamerican and African Studies. 2015-2017. Associate Professor of History and Afroamerican and African Studies. 2007-2015. Assistant Professor of History and Afroamerican and African Studies. 2001-2007. University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI. 2004-2017. Affiliated LSA Faculty. 2010-2017. Visiting Professor of Law. 2008-2017. Visiting Assistant Professor of Law. 2004-2007. Gilder-Lehrman Institute of American History, Summer Teacher’s Institute, NY. 2002-2016. Instructor, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution (with Eric Foner). École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris, France. 2006, 2007 & 2009. Directrice d’Études Invitée. Barnard College. New York, NY. 2000-2001. Visiting Assistant Professor of History. New School University, Eugene Lang College. New York, NY. 1997-2001 Adjunct Lecturer.
{"title":"The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story","authors":"Jada Cheek","doi":"10.5406/19364695.42.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"Johns Hopkins University, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences. Baltimore, MD. Society of Black Alumni Presidential Professor. 2017-present. Professor of History. 2017-present. Professor of the SNF Agora Institute. 2020-present. Director, Hard Histories at Hopkins. 2020-present. University of Michigan, College of Literature, Science and Arts. Ann Arbor, MI. 20012017. Presidential Bicentennial Professor. 2016-2017. Arthur F. Thurnau Professor. 2013-2017. Professor of History and Afroamerican and African Studies. 2015-2017. Associate Professor of History and Afroamerican and African Studies. 2007-2015. Assistant Professor of History and Afroamerican and African Studies. 2001-2007. University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI. 2004-2017. Affiliated LSA Faculty. 2010-2017. Visiting Professor of Law. 2008-2017. Visiting Assistant Professor of Law. 2004-2007. Gilder-Lehrman Institute of American History, Summer Teacher’s Institute, NY. 2002-2016. Instructor, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution (with Eric Foner). École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris, France. 2006, 2007 & 2009. Directrice d’Études Invitée. Barnard College. New York, NY. 2000-2001. Visiting Assistant Professor of History. New School University, Eugene Lang College. New York, NY. 1997-2001 Adjunct Lecturer.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47143849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5406/19364695.42.3.11
Other| April 01 2023 Notes on Contributors Journal of American Ethnic History (2023) 42 (3): 140–141. https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.3.11 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Notes on Contributors. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 April 2023; 42 (3): 140–141. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.3.11 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search Ronald H. Bayor is Professor Emeritus of History at Georgia Tech. He is the founding editor of JAEH and a past president of the IEHS. He is the author of, among other titles, Encountering Ellis Island: How European immigrants Entered America (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014), and the editor of The Oxford Handbook of American Immigration and Ethnicity (Oxford University Press, 2016).Erika Weidemann Bravo is the Texas A&M University Defense and POW/MIA Accounting Agency Research Partner Historian. Her research focuses on war and population movement, particularly ethnic German immigration to North America after World War II. She published a chapter in European Mennonites and the Holocaust (University of Toronto Press, 2020).dann j. Broyld is Associate Professor of African American History at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Broyld's book Borderland Blacks: Two Cities in the Niagara Region During the Final Decades of Slavery (2022) is published by the... You do not currently have access to this content.
{"title":"Notes on Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.5406/19364695.42.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Other| April 01 2023 Notes on Contributors Journal of American Ethnic History (2023) 42 (3): 140–141. https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.3.11 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Notes on Contributors. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 April 2023; 42 (3): 140–141. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.3.11 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search Ronald H. Bayor is Professor Emeritus of History at Georgia Tech. He is the founding editor of JAEH and a past president of the IEHS. He is the author of, among other titles, Encountering Ellis Island: How European immigrants Entered America (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014), and the editor of The Oxford Handbook of American Immigration and Ethnicity (Oxford University Press, 2016).Erika Weidemann Bravo is the Texas A&M University Defense and POW/MIA Accounting Agency Research Partner Historian. Her research focuses on war and population movement, particularly ethnic German immigration to North America after World War II. She published a chapter in European Mennonites and the Holocaust (University of Toronto Press, 2020).dann j. Broyld is Associate Professor of African American History at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Broyld's book Borderland Blacks: Two Cities in the Niagara Region During the Final Decades of Slavery (2022) is published by the... You do not currently have access to this content.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135017204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5406/19364695.42.3.09
R. Bayor
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Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5406/19364695.42.3.04
J. I. Mora
This article charts the migration of ethnic Mexican agricultural workers to the Midwest in the years following the United States’ entrance into World War I, the formalization of an interstate labor recruitment apparatus, and the role of ethnic intermediaries. The introduction of the term “Latino intermediary” here is used to describe the Mexican American truckers and crew leaders who most directly upheld the Midwest's agricultural industry and labor regime. From the end of World War I through the end of the Bracero Program, Latino intermediaries straddled the line between serving the interests of other ethnic Mexican migrant workers, growers, and themselves. While some intermediaries developed profitable business operations, their success often came at the expense of other Latino migrant agricultural workers. Examining the critical role of Latino intermediaries in sustaining Midwestern agribusiness deepens our understanding of how migration from the Southwest to the Midwest was managed and how Latinos negotiated emerging tensions of class and ethnicity.
{"title":"Managing the Migration: Latino Intermediaries and the Expansion of United States Migratory Labor from World War I through the Bracero Program","authors":"J. I. Mora","doi":"10.5406/19364695.42.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article charts the migration of ethnic Mexican agricultural workers to the Midwest in the years following the United States’ entrance into World War I, the formalization of an interstate labor recruitment apparatus, and the role of ethnic intermediaries. The introduction of the term “Latino intermediary” here is used to describe the Mexican American truckers and crew leaders who most directly upheld the Midwest's agricultural industry and labor regime. From the end of World War I through the end of the Bracero Program, Latino intermediaries straddled the line between serving the interests of other ethnic Mexican migrant workers, growers, and themselves. While some intermediaries developed profitable business operations, their success often came at the expense of other Latino migrant agricultural workers. Examining the critical role of Latino intermediaries in sustaining Midwestern agribusiness deepens our understanding of how migration from the Southwest to the Midwest was managed and how Latinos negotiated emerging tensions of class and ethnicity.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5406/19364695.42.3.05
Jeremy Peschard
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