Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.37231/jab.2023.14.2.333
None M. S. H. Bhuiyan, None M. A. Malek, Nazmul Alam Khana Alam Khana, Majharul Islam, Sofiur Rahman, MD AMIRUL ALAM
The oomycete pathogen Plasmopara halstedii responsible for sunflower downy mildew (DM), that is a significant and important disease that greatly affects the economy. As of now, there is no non-race-specific resistance for this disease and breeders are depended on race-specific resistance to control DM disease. On the other hand, using conventional breeding procedure introgression of the DM resistance genes is a long-term task due to the highly virulent and aggressive nature of the P. halstedii pathogen. Molecular markers that can be applied at the seedling stage, offers rapid response for selection with higher precision as well as a lower cost. There are currently 36 downy mildew resistance genes (R genes), designated as Pl (Pl1-Pl36, Plhra, and PlArg, in sunflowers, each with a unique linkage group (LGs). The availability of DM resistance genomic data of sunflower, related to Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) based markers with mine allelic diversity maximize the opportunity of utilizing Marker assisted selection (MAS) techniques for downy mildew resistance breeding. This review highlights the available genetic marker and their utilization at MAS techniques for enhancing downy mildew disease resistant breeding program of sunflowers.
{"title":"Validated Molecular Marker for Downy Mildew Disease Resistance Breeding of Sunflower: A Short Review","authors":"None M. S. H. Bhuiyan, None M. A. Malek, Nazmul Alam Khana Alam Khana, Majharul Islam, Sofiur Rahman, MD AMIRUL ALAM","doi":"10.37231/jab.2023.14.2.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2023.14.2.333","url":null,"abstract":"The oomycete pathogen Plasmopara halstedii responsible for sunflower downy mildew (DM), that is a significant and important disease that greatly affects the economy. As of now, there is no non-race-specific resistance for this disease and breeders are depended on race-specific resistance to control DM disease. On the other hand, using conventional breeding procedure introgression of the DM resistance genes is a long-term task due to the highly virulent and aggressive nature of the P. halstedii pathogen. Molecular markers that can be applied at the seedling stage, offers rapid response for selection with higher precision as well as a lower cost. There are currently 36 downy mildew resistance genes (R genes), designated as Pl (Pl1-Pl36, Plhra, and PlArg, in sunflowers, each with a unique linkage group (LGs). The availability of DM resistance genomic data of sunflower, related to Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) based markers with mine allelic diversity maximize the opportunity of utilizing Marker assisted selection (MAS) techniques for downy mildew resistance breeding. This review highlights the available genetic marker and their utilization at MAS techniques for enhancing downy mildew disease resistant breeding program of sunflowers.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.37231/jab.2023.14.2.300
Fatimah Hamizah Zakaria, Asmad Kari, Mohd Nizam Haron, Connie Fay Komilus, Ha Hou Chew
Bee bread has been widely traditionally used for male fertility enrichment although limited scientific data are available on its effectiveness. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of bee bread on testicular cell development and testosterone level in male Sprague Dawley rats. In this study, 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and divided equally into four treatment groups (n = 6/group) which were Control (C: 0 g of bee bread/kg body weight), Treatment 1 (T1: 1 g of bee bread /kg body weight), Treatment 2 (T2: 2 g of bee bread /kg body weight) and Treatment 3 (T3: 3 g of bee bread /kg body weight). The bee bread was administered daily and orally according to the designated treatment groups using oral gavage for 28 days. After 28 days of treatment, rats were euthanised and testicular cell development and testosterone level were measured. Results showed that rats in the T2 group had thicker (P<0.05) seminiferous tubular diameter (STD) than the control group and higher (P<0.05) seminiferous epithelial height (SEH) compared to C and T1 groups. The testosterone level in the T1, T2 and T3 groups was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to control. In conclusion, this study suggests that supplemented with 2 g of bee bread per kg body weight is likely to give a positive effect by improving testicular cells development and testosterone level in male Sprague Dawley rats.
蜜蜂面包传统上被广泛用于提高雄性生育力，尽管关于其有效性的科学数据有限。因此，本研究的目的是确定蜜蜂面包对雄性大鼠睾丸细胞发育和睾酮水平的影响。选取成年雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠24只，平均分为4个处理组(n = 6/组)，分别为对照组(C:蜜蜂面包0 g /kg体重)、处理1 (T1:蜜蜂面包1 g /kg体重)、处理2 (T2:蜜蜂面包2 g /kg体重)和处理3 (T3:蜜蜂面包3 g /kg体重)。蜜蜂面包按指定的治疗组每天和口服，采用灌胃法，连续28 d。治疗28天后，对大鼠实施安乐死，测量睾丸细胞发育和睾丸激素水平。结果显示，T2组大鼠精管直径(STD)较对照组粗(P<0.05)，精管上皮高度(SEH)较C组和T1组高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比，T1、T2和T3组睾酮水平显著升高(p < 0.05)。综上所述，本研究表明，每公斤体重补充2 g蜜蜂面包可能会对雄性斯普拉格·道利大鼠睾丸细胞发育和睾丸激素水平产生积极影响。
{"title":"Effect of short-term bee bread on testicular cell development and testosterone level in male Sprague Dawley rats","authors":"Fatimah Hamizah Zakaria, Asmad Kari, Mohd Nizam Haron, Connie Fay Komilus, Ha Hou Chew","doi":"10.37231/jab.2023.14.2.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2023.14.2.300","url":null,"abstract":"Bee bread has been widely traditionally used for male fertility enrichment although limited scientific data are available on its effectiveness. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of bee bread on testicular cell development and testosterone level in male Sprague Dawley rats. In this study, 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and divided equally into four treatment groups (n = 6/group) which were Control (C: 0 g of bee bread/kg body weight), Treatment 1 (T1: 1 g of bee bread /kg body weight), Treatment 2 (T2: 2 g of bee bread /kg body weight) and Treatment 3 (T3: 3 g of bee bread /kg body weight). The bee bread was administered daily and orally according to the designated treatment groups using oral gavage for 28 days. After 28 days of treatment, rats were euthanised and testicular cell development and testosterone level were measured. Results showed that rats in the T2 group had thicker (P<0.05) seminiferous tubular diameter (STD) than the control group and higher (P<0.05) seminiferous epithelial height (SEH) compared to C and T1 groups. The testosterone level in the T1, T2 and T3 groups was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to control. In conclusion, this study suggests that supplemented with 2 g of bee bread per kg body weight is likely to give a positive effect by improving testicular cells development and testosterone level in male Sprague Dawley rats.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135747154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.37231/jab.2023.14.2.304
Sonia Hadjarab, Md Zahangir Alam, Fraidah Yusof, Amal Elgharbawy
Microbial enzymes produced through solid-state fermentation are essential source of numerous microbial strains due to their higher stability, production rate, biochemical versatility, and availability. These enzymes, especially the thermophilic ones, are capable of withstanding harsh environments, high temperatures, and chemicals used in various industrial processes. This study involved multiple steps. Firstly, bacteria were identified using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Subsequently, solid-state fermented (SSF) enzymes, including amylase, protease, cellulase, and xylanase, were screened using their respective assays. Prior to optimization, the conditions affecting the extraction were evaluated using a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. The extraction of SSF enzymes was then optimized using a Face Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD). Bacterial enzyme identification was performed using Next-generation sequencing, and the following strain families were found: Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Aneurinibacillaceae, Atopobiaceae, Bacillaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Streptomycetaceae. The highest protein yield was achieved using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method, with a protein concentration of 6.07 mg/m obtained from 10g of SSF material (in 90 ml of sodium phosphate buffer) at pH 9. The extraction process involved a temperature of 65°C, a duration of 2 hours, and an incubation speed rotation of 250 rpm. Under these optimized conditions, the activities of the SSF enzymes were determined as follows: protease (11.04 U/ml), cellulase (11.59 U/ml), xylanase (174.13 U/ml), and amylase (11.01 U/ml). This research will further contribute to the extraction of palm oil, offering high yield and a promising solution across various fields by replacing the expensive industrial enzymes.
{"title":"Identification and Optimization of Enzymes Extracted from Solid-State Fermention","authors":"Sonia Hadjarab, Md Zahangir Alam, Fraidah Yusof, Amal Elgharbawy","doi":"10.37231/jab.2023.14.2.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2023.14.2.304","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial enzymes produced through solid-state fermentation are essential source of numerous microbial strains due to their higher stability, production rate, biochemical versatility, and availability. These enzymes, especially the thermophilic ones, are capable of withstanding harsh environments, high temperatures, and chemicals used in various industrial processes. This study involved multiple steps. Firstly, bacteria were identified using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Subsequently, solid-state fermented (SSF) enzymes, including amylase, protease, cellulase, and xylanase, were screened using their respective assays. Prior to optimization, the conditions affecting the extraction were evaluated using a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. The extraction of SSF enzymes was then optimized using a Face Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD). Bacterial enzyme identification was performed using Next-generation sequencing, and the following strain families were found: Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Aneurinibacillaceae, Atopobiaceae, Bacillaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Streptomycetaceae. The highest protein yield was achieved using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method, with a protein concentration of 6.07 mg/m obtained from 10g of SSF material (in 90 ml of sodium phosphate buffer) at pH 9. The extraction process involved a temperature of 65°C, a duration of 2 hours, and an incubation speed rotation of 250 rpm. Under these optimized conditions, the activities of the SSF enzymes were determined as follows: protease (11.04 U/ml), cellulase (11.59 U/ml), xylanase (174.13 U/ml), and amylase (11.01 U/ml). This research will further contribute to the extraction of palm oil, offering high yield and a promising solution across various fields by replacing the expensive industrial enzymes.
","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135747156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.327
Zalilawati Mat Rashid, Khairul Anwar Abd Rashid, Nurul Zaizuliana Rois Anwar
The stingless bee bread formation in the beehives occurs via lactic acid fermentation of the pollen mixed with nectar and bee salivary enzymes. The lack of research and studies about the effect of different extraction solvents in retaining the chemicals and the antioxidant activity of stingless bee bread were noticed. Hence, the objectives of this study were to determine the chemical contents and DPPH scavenging activity of different extracts of Heterotrigona itama stingless bee bread. The bee bread sample was macerated with four different extraction solvents including 95% ethanol (95EE), 70% ethanol (70EE), dichloromethane (DE) and hexane (HE). The chemicals analyses were proximate analysis, resorcinol-sulfuric acid assay and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. As a result, the bee bread of H. itama was found to contain 46.88% carbohydrates, 24.72% moisture content, 21.10% crude proteins, 3.41% crude fats, 2.32% ash and 1.75% crude fibers. The highest yield of extract was recorded by 70EE (41.1%, w/w). Resorcinol-sulfuric acid assay revealed that 70EE contained more total carbohydrates (842.585 mg/mL) compared to 95EE (738.178 mg/mL). In addition, intense FTIR signals at 3100–3600 cm-1 were found in 95EE and 70EE, indicating the presence of hydroxyl group, while strong 2800–3000 cm-1 signals found in HE revealed the presence of aliphatic group, and an intense carbonyl group signal at 1550–1750 cm-1 were detected in DE. Furthermore, 70EE also showed the strongest antioxidant activity compared to other extracts with IC50 value of DPPH radicals scavenging was 0.5173 mg/mL. Thus, these findings would provide the information about chemical composition and antioxidant activity of bee bread, as well as help in promoting the bee bread as a healthy functional food.
{"title":"Heterotrigona Itama Bee Bread Extracts: Effect of Solvent Polarity on Extraction Yield, Chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity","authors":"Zalilawati Mat Rashid, Khairul Anwar Abd Rashid, Nurul Zaizuliana Rois Anwar","doi":"10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.327","url":null,"abstract":"The stingless bee bread formation in the beehives occurs via lactic acid fermentation of the pollen mixed with nectar and bee salivary enzymes. The lack of research and studies about the effect of different extraction solvents in retaining the chemicals and the antioxidant activity of stingless bee bread were noticed. Hence, the objectives of this study were to determine the chemical contents and DPPH scavenging activity of different extracts of Heterotrigona itama stingless bee bread. The bee bread sample was macerated with four different extraction solvents including 95% ethanol (95EE), 70% ethanol (70EE), dichloromethane (DE) and hexane (HE). The chemicals analyses were proximate analysis, resorcinol-sulfuric acid assay and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. As a result, the bee bread of H. itama was found to contain 46.88% carbohydrates, 24.72% moisture content, 21.10% crude proteins, 3.41% crude fats, 2.32% ash and 1.75% crude fibers. The highest yield of extract was recorded by 70EE (41.1%, w/w). Resorcinol-sulfuric acid assay revealed that 70EE contained more total carbohydrates (842.585 mg/mL) compared to 95EE (738.178 mg/mL). In addition, intense FTIR signals at 3100–3600 cm-1 were found in 95EE and 70EE, indicating the presence of hydroxyl group, while strong 2800–3000 cm-1 signals found in HE revealed the presence of aliphatic group, and an intense carbonyl group signal at 1550–1750 cm-1 were detected in DE. Furthermore, 70EE also showed the strongest antioxidant activity compared to other extracts with IC50 value of DPPH radicals scavenging was 0.5173 mg/mL. Thus, these findings would provide the information about chemical composition and antioxidant activity of bee bread, as well as help in promoting the bee bread as a healthy functional food.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135429041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.306
Halimaton Saadiah Othman, Nurin Nazihah Mohd Khairi
Momordica cochinchinensis is a fruit which originated from South-East Asia and it is a newly introduced crop in Malaysia. It is a superfruit with high nutritional and medicinal properties. However, being an introduced crop, gac fruit is a less-known fruit in Malaysia. A study was conducted in IIUM, Kuantan Pahang involving a total of four gac fruit accessions. The objective of this study was to characterize gac fruit morphology involving qualitative and quantitative morphological traits. Completely randomized design with five replications was used. Based on qualitative traits, variations were observed in parameters such as leaf color, leaf venation, leaf apices, leaf bases, fruit shape and spike density. Generally, the gac fruits were reddish-orange in color, the leaf was dark green on the adaxial part and light green on the abaxial part, and the female and male flower was light yellow and white in color. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P<0.05) among accessions in all quantitative traits evaluated. The fruit weight ranged from 193.72 g (GD) to 334.70 g (GH), fruit length ranged from 9.42 cm (GD) to 12.13 cm (GH), leaf size ranged from 218.43 cm2 (GD) to 337.96 cm2 (GM) and seed weight ranged from 1.43g (GM) to 3.94g (GX). Overall, the study revealed significant morphological differences among the accessions evaluated, indicating genotypic diversity that can be incorporated into breeding programs.
{"title":"Morphological Characterization of Gac Fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis SPRENG) Based on Qualitative and Quantitative Traits","authors":"Halimaton Saadiah Othman, Nurin Nazihah Mohd Khairi","doi":"10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.306","url":null,"abstract":"Momordica cochinchinensis is a fruit which originated from South-East Asia and it is a newly introduced crop in Malaysia. It is a superfruit with high nutritional and medicinal properties. However, being an introduced crop, gac fruit is a less-known fruit in Malaysia. A study was conducted in IIUM, Kuantan Pahang involving a total of four gac fruit accessions. The objective of this study was to characterize gac fruit morphology involving qualitative and quantitative morphological traits. Completely randomized design with five replications was used. Based on qualitative traits, variations were observed in parameters such as leaf color, leaf venation, leaf apices, leaf bases, fruit shape and spike density. Generally, the gac fruits were reddish-orange in color, the leaf was dark green on the adaxial part and light green on the abaxial part, and the female and male flower was light yellow and white in color. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P<0.05) among accessions in all quantitative traits evaluated. The fruit weight ranged from 193.72 g (GD) to 334.70 g (GH), fruit length ranged from 9.42 cm (GD) to 12.13 cm (GH), leaf size ranged from 218.43 cm2 (GD) to 337.96 cm2 (GM) and seed weight ranged from 1.43g (GM) to 3.94g (GX). Overall, the study revealed significant morphological differences among the accessions evaluated, indicating genotypic diversity that can be incorporated into breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135717724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.305
Aina Sabihah Mohamed Anuar, Siti Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zamri, Ahmad Syazni Kamarudin, Norshida Ismail
Peacock bass (Cichla spp.) is an invasive fish that has established feral population in many freshwater water bodies in Malaysia. Among the negative impact of invasive species are the co-introduction of new parasites, and they also may act as vector to various disease causal agents. The aim of this study was to identify and to measure the prevalence of parasites of Peacock bass from Tasik Telabak, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 28 fishes were sampled by line fishing with the help of anglers and examined for parasites by using general parasitological method and microscopic technique. 3 groups of parasites (Protozoa, Digenea and Nematoda) were found infecting Peacock Bass from the lake. 46% of the samples were infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a common protozoan parasite that known as the causal agent for White Spot Disease (WSD) in fishes. However, I. multifiliis is not a common parasite for wild Peacock Bass in their native area, this finding could indicate the potential of parasite spillback phenomena from the freshwater fish cages from aquaculture activities in the same lake.
{"title":"The occurrence of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection on invasive freshwater fish, the Peacock Bass (Cichla spp.) from Tasik Telabak, Malaysia.","authors":"Aina Sabihah Mohamed Anuar, Siti Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zamri, Ahmad Syazni Kamarudin, Norshida Ismail","doi":"10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.305","url":null,"abstract":"Peacock bass (Cichla spp.) is an invasive fish that has established feral population in many freshwater water bodies in Malaysia. Among the negative impact of invasive species are the co-introduction of new parasites, and they also may act as vector to various disease causal agents. The aim of this study was to identify and to measure the prevalence of parasites of Peacock bass from Tasik Telabak, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 28 fishes were sampled by line fishing with the help of anglers and examined for parasites by using general parasitological method and microscopic technique. 3 groups of parasites (Protozoa, Digenea and Nematoda) were found infecting Peacock Bass from the lake. 46% of the samples were infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a common protozoan parasite that known as the causal agent for White Spot Disease (WSD) in fishes. However, I. multifiliis is not a common parasite for wild Peacock Bass in their native area, this finding could indicate the potential of parasite spillback phenomena from the freshwater fish cages from aquaculture activities in the same lake.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135718436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.326
Noor Illi Mohamad Puad, Wan Majidah Wan Zulkifli, Nur Alia M. Fathil, Azura Amid
Bacterial and viral diseases are the common problems hampering vast majority of citrus plant which resulted in the decrease of citrus trees development and production yield. While the usage of chemicals to eliminate internal pathogens is harmful to the ecosystem, plant tissue culture is another alternative to develop disease-free plants based on the defined physical and chemical conditions under aseptic environment. This study aimed to initiate Citrus suhuiensis (C. suhuiensis) adventitious shoot culture specifically in response towards different types of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The effect of explants and PGRs were evaluated on the shoot growth within 35 days. C. suhuiensis shoot cultures were induced from three different explants which are leaf, callus and seeds on the solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different combinations of PGR which are auxins i.e. 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) or indole butyric acid (IBA) at 0.5 mg/L, respectively with cytokinins i.e. 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin (KN) at various concentrations (0.5 - 4.0 mg/L). Based on the results, the earliest shoot emergence from the cotyledon can be observed after 8th day of inoculation for PGRs combination of 0.5 mg/L IBA with 2.0 mg/L, 3.0 mg/L KN and 3.0 mg/L BAP, respectively. Meanwhile, based on the ANOVA analysis (p-value < 0.05), the most significant PGRs combination for the establishment of C. suhuiensis shoot culture is IBA and KN followed by the treatment of NAA and KN. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for future investigation of micropropagation of shoot culture and cultivation of C. suhuiensis plant.
{"title":"Response of Auxins and Cytokinins on Citrus suhuiensis Adventitious Shoot Culture Initiation and Growth","authors":"Noor Illi Mohamad Puad, Wan Majidah Wan Zulkifli, Nur Alia M. Fathil, Azura Amid","doi":"10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.326","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial and viral diseases are the common problems hampering vast majority of citrus plant which resulted in the decrease of citrus trees development and production yield. While the usage of chemicals to eliminate internal pathogens is harmful to the ecosystem, plant tissue culture is another alternative to develop disease-free plants based on the defined physical and chemical conditions under aseptic environment. This study aimed to initiate Citrus suhuiensis (C. suhuiensis) adventitious shoot culture specifically in response towards different types of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The effect of explants and PGRs were evaluated on the shoot growth within 35 days. C. suhuiensis shoot cultures were induced from three different explants which are leaf, callus and seeds on the solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different combinations of PGR which are auxins i.e. 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) or indole butyric acid (IBA) at 0.5 mg/L, respectively with cytokinins i.e. 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin (KN) at various concentrations (0.5 - 4.0 mg/L). Based on the results, the earliest shoot emergence from the cotyledon can be observed after 8th day of inoculation for PGRs combination of 0.5 mg/L IBA with 2.0 mg/L, 3.0 mg/L KN and 3.0 mg/L BAP, respectively. Meanwhile, based on the ANOVA analysis (p-value < 0.05), the most significant PGRs combination for the establishment of C. suhuiensis shoot culture is IBA and KN followed by the treatment of NAA and KN. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for future investigation of micropropagation of shoot culture and cultivation of C. suhuiensis plant.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135718437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.320
Nur Aizah Mohd Yusoff, Chung Thian Hai, C. Komilus
The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) is an insect species and able to convert low-value substrates is highly nutrient feed. Most of the aquaculture industry uses fish meal as a protein source in the diet of fish however fish meal was high in demand, price, and limited hence as an alternative the supplement protein should possess certain content to meet the role of fish meal in aquafeed products. Besides, a lack of research and studies on using BSF as a substitute in fish feed was noticed. This project aims to analyze the proximate composition in larvae, prepupae and adults were freeze-dried at -20°C, ground, and analyzed for proximate composition such as crude protein, crude lipid, ash, crude fiber, and moisture. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA to identify the significant difference in proximate composition in the three stages of BSF which are larvae, prepupae, and adult. As a result, the proximate composition revealed that BSF larvae possessed 32.3% crude protein, 26.7% crude lipid, 9.0% ash, 10.1% crude fiber, and 6.9% moisture while BSF prepupae contain 27.0% crude protein, 4.2% crude lipid, 10.6% ash, 8.6% crude fiber and 37.4% moisture also BSF adult have 52.6% crude protein, 15.6% crude lipid, 7.5% ash, 13.2% crude fiber and 25.6% moisture. BSF adult shows the highest crude protein content thus data was able to contribute more information on the nutritional value that potentially can be replaced in the diet of fish feed.
{"title":"Proximate Composition of Larvae, Prepupae and Adult in Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens)","authors":"Nur Aizah Mohd Yusoff, Chung Thian Hai, C. Komilus","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.320","url":null,"abstract":"The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) is an insect species and able to convert low-value substrates is highly nutrient feed. Most of the aquaculture industry uses fish meal as a protein source in the diet of fish however fish meal was high in demand, price, and limited hence as an alternative the supplement protein should possess certain content to meet the role of fish meal in aquafeed products. Besides, a lack of research and studies on using BSF as a substitute in fish feed was noticed. This project aims to analyze the proximate composition in larvae, prepupae and adults were freeze-dried at -20°C, ground, and analyzed for proximate composition such as crude protein, crude lipid, ash, crude fiber, and moisture. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA to identify the significant difference in proximate composition in the three stages of BSF which are larvae, prepupae, and adult. As a result, the proximate composition revealed that BSF larvae possessed 32.3% crude protein, 26.7% crude lipid, 9.0% ash, 10.1% crude fiber, and 6.9% moisture while BSF prepupae contain 27.0% crude protein, 4.2% crude lipid, 10.6% ash, 8.6% crude fiber and 37.4% moisture also BSF adult have 52.6% crude protein, 15.6% crude lipid, 7.5% ash, 13.2% crude fiber and 25.6% moisture. BSF adult shows the highest crude protein content thus data was able to contribute more information on the nutritional value that potentially can be replaced in the diet of fish feed.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88993716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.322
Nurul Izzah Badrul Hisam, Mohd Zuhairi Zakaria, Azman Azid, Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar, M. S. Samsudin
Heavy metals have become one of the environmental pollutants in water. To overcome this problem, the phytoremediation process was used as the method to cleanse polluted media. The objectives of the study are to determine the heavy metal accumulation by water spinach (Ipomea aquatica) in different types of heavy metal and to determine the level of heavy metal reduction in contaminated water. Ipomea aquatica was placed in containers that had solutions of different heavy metal concentrations. The selected heavy metals are cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), with a concentration of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 15 ppm, respectively. This study lasted about 20 days. Every four days, plant and water samples are collected. The plant samples were dried, digested, and analyzed by using ICP-OES. The two-way ANOVA statistical test was used to measure the differences in the amounts of the heavy metals accumulated in the plant and water. The accumulation of elements in plants shows a gradual increase in the uptake of cadmium, Cu, and Zn. Ipomea aquatica is suitable to take up cadmium, where the highest level of cadmium found was 13.99 mg/kg. On day 8, the level of heavy metals in the water gradually decreases for Cu and Zn. The presence of heavy metals in the water had decreased by 82.20 % on the last day of treatment. Ipomea aquatica accumulated more heavy metals while the number of heavy metals in the water decreased over a period of days. For all heavy metal types, significant differences in heavy metal concentration were obtained at p<0.05, showing that Ipomea aquatica can be used in the phytoremediation approach to remove heavy metals from wastewater.
{"title":"Phytoremediation Process of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) in Absorbing Heavy Metal Concentration in Wastewater","authors":"Nurul Izzah Badrul Hisam, Mohd Zuhairi Zakaria, Azman Azid, Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar, M. S. Samsudin","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.322","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals have become one of the environmental pollutants in water. To overcome this problem, the phytoremediation process was used as the method to cleanse polluted media. The objectives of the study are to determine the heavy metal accumulation by water spinach (Ipomea aquatica) in different types of heavy metal and to determine the level of heavy metal reduction in contaminated water. Ipomea aquatica was placed in containers that had solutions of different heavy metal concentrations. The selected heavy metals are cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), with a concentration of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 15 ppm, respectively. This study lasted about 20 days. Every four days, plant and water samples are collected. The plant samples were dried, digested, and analyzed by using ICP-OES. The two-way ANOVA statistical test was used to measure the differences in the amounts of the heavy metals accumulated in the plant and water. The accumulation of elements in plants shows a gradual increase in the uptake of cadmium, Cu, and Zn. Ipomea aquatica is suitable to take up cadmium, where the highest level of cadmium found was 13.99 mg/kg. On day 8, the level of heavy metals in the water gradually decreases for Cu and Zn. The presence of heavy metals in the water had decreased by 82.20 % on the last day of treatment. Ipomea aquatica accumulated more heavy metals while the number of heavy metals in the water decreased over a period of days. For all heavy metal types, significant differences in heavy metal concentration were obtained at p<0.05, showing that Ipomea aquatica can be used in the phytoremediation approach to remove heavy metals from wastewater.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74324103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.321
Muhammad Syakir Zomorni, Chung Thian Hai, Aidil Ikhwan Redhwan, C. Komilus
Fish meal (FM) is a well known protein source for fish feed and its heavy utilization has contributed to overfishing that lead to increase price of formulated feed due to scarcity of fish resources for fish meal. Several studies were done to identify the best substitution of FM including Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as a potential candidate for FM replacement. This study was done to investigate the proximate composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal (BSFLM) and to determine its efficacy as feed on growth performance of Javan Mahseer (Tor tambra). Three types of treatment were used namely F0 or control (0% BSFLM and 100% FM), F50 (50% BSFLM and 50% FM) and F100 (100% BSFLM and 0% FM). Each treatment was fed twice daily for 20 days to 10 Javan Mahseer with the average initial weight of 0.1g respectively. Analyses conducted was proximate composition and growth performance like specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival rate and body weight gain. Data was analysed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) SPSS Windows 27. Results show that crude protein in F0, F50 and F100 were 37.52%, 30.36% and 27.52%; while F50 indicated best BWG (66.71%) and lowest FCR (3.16) respectively. It can be concluded that treatment 50% inclusion of BSF is the best ratio for good growth performances of Javan Mahseer.
{"title":"Efficacy of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal as Feed on Growth Performance for Juvenile Javan Mahseer (Tor tambra)","authors":"Muhammad Syakir Zomorni, Chung Thian Hai, Aidil Ikhwan Redhwan, C. Komilus","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.321","url":null,"abstract":"Fish meal (FM) is a well known protein source for fish feed and its heavy utilization has contributed to overfishing that lead to increase price of formulated feed due to scarcity of fish resources for fish meal. Several studies were done to identify the best substitution of FM including Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as a potential candidate for FM replacement. This study was done to investigate the proximate composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal (BSFLM) and to determine its efficacy as feed on growth performance of Javan Mahseer (Tor tambra). Three types of treatment were used namely F0 or control (0% BSFLM and 100% FM), F50 (50% BSFLM and 50% FM) and F100 (100% BSFLM and 0% FM). Each treatment was fed twice daily for 20 days to 10 Javan Mahseer with the average initial weight of 0.1g respectively. Analyses conducted was proximate composition and growth performance like specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival rate and body weight gain. Data was analysed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) SPSS Windows 27. Results show that crude protein in F0, F50 and F100 were 37.52%, 30.36% and 27.52%; while F50 indicated best BWG (66.71%) and lowest FCR (3.16) respectively. It can be concluded that treatment 50% inclusion of BSF is the best ratio for good growth performances of Javan Mahseer.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87749386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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