Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.307
Nor Aminah Azizol Azeli, Salmah Mohamed, Nur Athiqah Md.Yusof
Cucumis melo var inodorus or known as Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) is a new variety of rockmelon and has been developed and grown exclusively in Terengganu since 2015. However, pest infestations such as fruit flies have reduced melon production yields, and research on fruit flies is still poorly studied in this new variety. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify the fruit fly’s species infested MMT as well as to determine the infestation rate of fruit flies on MMT at different ripening stages. The infested MMT fruits were randomly collected for three consecutive weeks prior to harvest and each week was represented as unripe stage (Week 1), ripe stage (Week 2) and fully-ripe stage (Week 3). Each week, 10 fruit samples were brought to the laboratory and weighed individually before being placed in plastic containers. The fruits were reared until all larvae transformed into pupae for determination of infestation rates and emergence of adult fruit flies for species identification. A total of 232 of fruit flies adults emerged from 30 MMT fruit samples collected and all the flies were identified as Zeugodacus cucurbitae (previously known as Bactrocera cucurbitae). Unripe stage fruits recorded the highest infestation rate of fruit flies at 28.24 ± 18.58 pupae/kg and followed by ripe stage at 24.47 ± 8.17 pupae/kg. Whilst the fully-ripe stage had the lowest infestation rate of flies at 13.5 ± 5.07 pupae/kg. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) of infestation rate was recorded among the different fruit stages. This study contributes new information on the fruit fly’s species that attack MMT and its infestation rate. Hence, these findings are expected to help better management of MMT fruit flies in the future.
丁加奴甜瓜(Cucumis melo var inodorus)是一种新的甜瓜品种，自2015年以来一直在丁加奴独家开发和种植。然而，果蝇等害虫的侵害已经降低了甜瓜的产量，对这种新品种果蝇的研究仍然很少。因此，本研究旨在确定侵染MMT的果蝇种类，并确定不同成熟阶段的果蝇侵染MMT的比例。在收获前连续三周随机收集受侵染的MMT水果，每周分为未成熟阶段(第1周)、成熟阶段(第2周)和完全成熟阶段(第3周)。每周，将10个水果样本带到实验室，分别称重，然后放入塑料容器中。饲养至幼虫全部转化为蛹，测定侵染率和成虫羽化率，鉴定种类。从采集的30mmt水果样本中共检出成虫232只，全部鉴定为葫芦小实蝇(Zeugodacus cucurbitae)。未熟期果蝇侵染率最高，为28.24±18.58只/kg，熟期次之，为24.47±8.17只/kg。全熟期蝇侵染率最低，为13.5±5.07只/kg。不同果期侵染率无显著差异(P>0.05)。该研究为研究攻击MMT的果蝇种类及其侵染率提供了新的信息。因此，这些发现有望在未来帮助更好地管理MMT果蝇。
{"title":"Assessment of Fruit Fly Infestation on Melon Manis Terengganu (Cucumis melo var. inodorus) at Different Fruit Ripening Stages","authors":"Nor Aminah Azizol Azeli, Salmah Mohamed, Nur Athiqah Md.Yusof","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.307","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumis melo var inodorus or known as Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) is a new variety of rockmelon and has been developed and grown exclusively in Terengganu since 2015. However, pest infestations such as fruit flies have reduced melon production yields, and research on fruit flies is still poorly studied in this new variety. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify the fruit fly’s species infested MMT as well as to determine the infestation rate of fruit flies on MMT at different ripening stages. The infested MMT fruits were randomly collected for three consecutive weeks prior to harvest and each week was represented as unripe stage (Week 1), ripe stage (Week 2) and fully-ripe stage (Week 3). Each week, 10 fruit samples were brought to the laboratory and weighed individually before being placed in plastic containers. The fruits were reared until all larvae transformed into pupae for determination of infestation rates and emergence of adult fruit flies for species identification. A total of 232 of fruit flies adults emerged from 30 MMT fruit samples collected and all the flies were identified as Zeugodacus cucurbitae (previously known as Bactrocera cucurbitae). Unripe stage fruits recorded the highest infestation rate of fruit flies at 28.24 ± 18.58 pupae/kg and followed by ripe stage at 24.47 ± 8.17 pupae/kg. Whilst the fully-ripe stage had the lowest infestation rate of flies at 13.5 ± 5.07 pupae/kg. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) of infestation rate was recorded among the different fruit stages. This study contributes new information on the fruit fly’s species that attack MMT and its infestation rate. Hence, these findings are expected to help better management of MMT fruit flies in the future.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"308 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79906518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.308
Muhammad Salim, Wan Zateel Aieeda Wan Abdul Halim, N. Yusoff
Weeds have become one of the leading causes of crop production losses, including the cost of weed management, weed crop competition, and weed intervention with crop management practices. Moreover, herbicide use in agricultural systems is currently being debated due to the potential adverse effects on the environment and human health. The utilization of the allelopathic phenomenon is widely considered an alternative weed management strategy. However, allelopathic study of Pluchea indica plant was limited. P. indica is a flowering plant under family Asteraceae, locally known as Beluntas. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the allelopathic effects of the aqueous leaf extract of P. indica on the seedling growth of tested plant species and to investigate the effect of P. indica leaf debris on the growth of tested plant species. In this study, the allelopathic potential of P. indica leaves were investigated through petri dish bioassay and soil bioassay method. The two tested plant species were chosen for the bioassay: monocotyledonous; maize (Zea mays) and dicotyledonous; mustard (Brassica chinensis). These tested plant species were chosen for the experiment due to their known quick seedling growth behaviours and commonly used in allelopathic studies. The result showed that as the concentration of aqueous leaf extract increased, the inhibition percentage of the radicle length of B. chinensis and Z. mays were increased. However, stimulatory effect was observed on the radicle length of B. chinensis and Z. mays when 1.3%and 2.5% w/w P. indica leaf debris were applied. Thus, aqueous leaf extract and leaf debris of P. indica have potential allelopathic effects on the growth of B. chinensis and Z. mays. Further studies need to be conducted on other bioassay species especially weed species, to elucidate the allelopathic potential of P. indica in weed control.
{"title":"Evaluation of Allelopathic Potential of Pluchea indica on Brassica chinensis and Zea mays","authors":"Muhammad Salim, Wan Zateel Aieeda Wan Abdul Halim, N. Yusoff","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.308","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds have become one of the leading causes of crop production losses, including the cost of weed management, weed crop competition, and weed intervention with crop management practices. Moreover, herbicide use in agricultural systems is currently being debated due to the potential adverse effects on the environment and human health. The utilization of the allelopathic phenomenon is widely considered an alternative weed management strategy. However, allelopathic study of Pluchea indica plant was limited. P. indica is a flowering plant under family Asteraceae, locally known as Beluntas. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the allelopathic effects of the aqueous leaf extract of P. indica on the seedling growth of tested plant species and to investigate the effect of P. indica leaf debris on the growth of tested plant species. In this study, the allelopathic potential of P. indica leaves were investigated through petri dish bioassay and soil bioassay method. The two tested plant species were chosen for the bioassay: monocotyledonous; maize (Zea mays) and dicotyledonous; mustard (Brassica chinensis). These tested plant species were chosen for the experiment due to their known quick seedling growth behaviours and commonly used in allelopathic studies. The result showed that as the concentration of aqueous leaf extract increased, the inhibition percentage of the radicle length of B. chinensis and Z. mays were increased. However, stimulatory effect was observed on the radicle length of B. chinensis and Z. mays when 1.3%and 2.5% w/w P. indica leaf debris were applied. Thus, aqueous leaf extract and leaf debris of P. indica have potential allelopathic effects on the growth of B. chinensis and Z. mays. Further studies need to be conducted on other bioassay species especially weed species, to elucidate the allelopathic potential of P. indica in weed control.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79764333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.290
Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar, A. S. Othman
Since the 1950s, the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) has significantly contributed to Malaysia's agricultural economy due to its capability to produce high-value natural rubber. Due to the presence of cis-1,4-polyisoprene, natural rubber exhibits unique properties such as flexibility, high elasticity, and efficient heat dispersion. Cis-1,4-polyisoprene is synthesized via two distinct metabolic pathways: the isoprenoid and rubber biosynthesis. RNA sequencing was performed on 12 specimens from the bark, leaf, and latex tissues of two rubber clones, RRIM 3001 (high latex yield) and RRIM 712 (low latex yield). After quality assessment, these specimens generated a mean of 73,816,244 clean reads. The differential expression analysis revealed that the Acetyl-CoA-Acetyltransferase (AACT) and Diphosphomevalonate Decarboxylase (MVD) genes (via the MVA pathway), as well as the Small Rubber Particle Protein (SRPP) and Rubber Elongation Factor (REF) genes (via the rubber biosynthesis pathway), were overexpressed in the bark, leaf, and latex tissues of RRIM 3001 compared to RRIM 712. The transcription factor Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) was also found to be more highly expressed in RRIM 3001 than in RRIM 712. Five rubber clones with random yield characteristics were used in quantitative amplification analysis to validate AACT, MVD, SRPP, REF, and ERF genes. The quantitative analysis shows that the five genes were consistently expressed with the yield characteristics of the five random rubber clones.
{"title":"Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Potentially Relevant Genes in Rubber Clones with a High Latex Yield (Hevea brasiliensis)","authors":"Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar, A. S. Othman","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.290","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1950s, the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) has significantly contributed to Malaysia's agricultural economy due to its capability to produce high-value natural rubber. Due to the presence of cis-1,4-polyisoprene, natural rubber exhibits unique properties such as flexibility, high elasticity, and efficient heat dispersion. Cis-1,4-polyisoprene is synthesized via two distinct metabolic pathways: the isoprenoid and rubber biosynthesis. RNA sequencing was performed on 12 specimens from the bark, leaf, and latex tissues of two rubber clones, RRIM 3001 (high latex yield) and RRIM 712 (low latex yield). After quality assessment, these specimens generated a mean of 73,816,244 clean reads. The differential expression analysis revealed that the Acetyl-CoA-Acetyltransferase (AACT) and Diphosphomevalonate Decarboxylase (MVD) genes (via the MVA pathway), as well as the Small Rubber Particle Protein (SRPP) and Rubber Elongation Factor (REF) genes (via the rubber biosynthesis pathway), were overexpressed in the bark, leaf, and latex tissues of RRIM 3001 compared to RRIM 712. The transcription factor Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) was also found to be more highly expressed in RRIM 3001 than in RRIM 712. Five rubber clones with random yield characteristics were used in quantitative amplification analysis to validate AACT, MVD, SRPP, REF, and ERF genes. The quantitative analysis shows that the five genes were consistently expressed with the yield characteristics of the five random rubber clones.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81484857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.297
Chanikan Chaithep, S. Jomduang
Resveratrol and anthocyanins are important photochemicals that had high potential for health benefits. Thailand can produce a lot of mulberry fruits that are able to use for as raw material for resveratrol and anthocyanin extraction. This research aimed to find out the optimal process for resveratrol and anthocyanin extracted from ripe mulberry fruits. Mulberry fruits from Chiang Mai variety which were harvested from mixed ripening stage were suitable for using as raw material, because of its high value of resveratrol and anthocyanin content. In this study, two extraction methods were investigated; biological extraction and solvent extraction methods. From biological extraction without ultrasonic treatment and without deacidification, it was found that resveratrol content was increased during yeast fermentation. After filtration, fermented mulberry fruit solution had very high recovery value of resveratrol (331.97%) from fresh ripe mulberry fruits. From solvent extraction, preliminary dehydration of fresh ripe mulberry fruits decreased the amount of resveratrol and anthocyanin content. So that fresh ripe mulberry fruits without dehydration was suitable to use as raw material. Mulberry juice and cake was obtained from hydraulic pressing of fresh ripe mulberry fruits. It was found that mulberry fruit cake had high resveratrol content approximately 2/3 of whole resveratrol content. In this study, mulberry fruit cake was selected as raw material for solvent extraction. Room temperature extraction of mulberry fruit cake with mixed solvent (ethanol:ethyl acetate = 50:50) at the ratio of 1:5 for 1 hour soaking time could provided 104.24% of resveratrol recovery from fresh ripe mulberry fruits. According to resveratrol recovery, the high potential method for resveratrol extract should be biological extraction. The extract solution with high resveratrol content could be utilized as concentrate or powder forms.
{"title":"Effect of Biological Combined with Ultrasonic Extraction and Solvent Extraction on Resveratrol and Anthocyanin Content of Ripe Mulberry Fruits","authors":"Chanikan Chaithep, S. Jomduang","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.297","url":null,"abstract":"Resveratrol and anthocyanins are important photochemicals that had high potential for health benefits. Thailand can produce a lot of mulberry fruits that are able to use for as raw material for resveratrol and anthocyanin extraction. This research aimed to find out the optimal process for resveratrol and anthocyanin extracted from ripe mulberry fruits. Mulberry fruits from Chiang Mai variety which were harvested from mixed ripening stage were suitable for using as raw material, because of its high value of resveratrol and anthocyanin content. In this study, two extraction methods were investigated; biological extraction and solvent extraction methods. From biological extraction without ultrasonic treatment and without deacidification, it was found that resveratrol content was increased during yeast fermentation. After filtration, fermented mulberry fruit solution had very high recovery value of resveratrol (331.97%) from fresh ripe mulberry fruits. From solvent extraction, preliminary dehydration of fresh ripe mulberry fruits decreased the amount of resveratrol and anthocyanin content. So that fresh ripe mulberry fruits without dehydration was suitable to use as raw material. Mulberry juice and cake was obtained from hydraulic pressing of fresh ripe mulberry fruits. It was found that mulberry fruit cake had high resveratrol content approximately 2/3 of whole resveratrol content. In this study, mulberry fruit cake was selected as raw material for solvent extraction. Room temperature extraction of mulberry fruit cake with mixed solvent (ethanol:ethyl acetate = 50:50) at the ratio of 1:5 for 1 hour soaking time could provided 104.24% of resveratrol recovery from fresh ripe mulberry fruits. According to resveratrol recovery, the high potential method for resveratrol extract should be biological extraction. The extract solution with high resveratrol content could be utilized as concentrate or powder forms.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89075197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.261
Md. Amirul Alam, Efie Auza Bin Mudah Bistari
Tricho Acti-Plus (produced by Sabah Softwoods Hybrid Fertilizer Sdn. Bhd.) is a powder-based microbial inoculant containing the active ingredient of Trichoderma koningii, designed to control fungal diseases as a biocontrol agent in plants and indirectly support plant growth and yield. Chili producers are habituated to apply environmentally damaging chemical-based inorganic fertilizers for the better production and yield of chili. Which is one of the major causes of damaging soil productivity. Trichoderma koningii is mainly well-known to be used against fungal diseases of plants but its potential use for chili growth and yield is still unknown. With this purpose in mind in this experiment different concentrations of Tricho Acti-Plus solution were prepared as treatments; 0.0 ml (T1, control), 200 ml (T2), 400 ml (T3) and 600 ml (T4) and applied two (2) times to the chili plants as foliar spray; at the time of seedling transplanting till 35 days after transplanting, aiming to investigate Tricho Acti-Plus effectiveness on the growth and yield of local chili bara (Variety-1) and chili kulai 461 (Variety-2). From the findings it was observed that application of Tricho Acti-Plus significantly boosted up the vegetative growth and yield of both chili varieties, but rarely a positive effect was observed on yield parameters of Variety-1. Based on overall performance among 4 treatments T3 exhibited significantly (p≤0.05) the highest effectiveness for both vegetative growth and yield parameters; on plant height (55.64 cm), numbers of branches (61.2), numbers of leaves (341), numbers of fruits (125 at week 10; 77.2 at week 12), fruit length (4.3 cm at week 10; 4.08 cm at week 12), fruit weight (1.4 g) and total yield (0.11 kg at week 10; 0.068 kg at week 12). Meanwhile, the similar results were also achieved for Variety-2 under T3 for numbers of branches (51.8), numbers of leaves (213.6), fruit length (14.4 at week 10, 13.9 at week 12) and total yield (0.171 Kg at week 10). Only for few of the parameters T4 and T1 (control) also exhibited best performance. Therefore, based on the top performance T3 is recommended for the best vegetative growth and yield of both chili varieties. From the overall results of this experiment it can be decided that the RealStrong Tricho Acti-Plus is suitable to be used as a biofertilizer for the growth, yield and quality of chili besides the commonly known capability to prevent from fungal diseases.
Tricho Acti-Plus(由Sabah Softwoods Hybrid Fertilizer Sdn生产)是一种粉状微生物接种剂，含有柯宁木霉的活性成分，作为植物的生物防治剂，用于控制真菌疾病，间接支持植物生长和产量。辣椒生产者习惯于使用对环境有害的化学无机肥料，以提高辣椒的产量。这是破坏土壤生产力的主要原因之一。众所周知，康宁木霉主要用于植物真菌病的防治，但其在辣椒生长和产量方面的潜在用途尚不清楚。为此，本实验制备了不同浓度的Tricho act - plus溶液作为处理;0.0 ml (T1，对照)，200 ml (T2)， 400 ml (T3)和600 ml (T4)，在辣椒植株上喷施2次;在移栽苗期至移栽后35 d，研究Tricho actip - plus对地方辣椒品种bara(品种1)和kulai 461(品种2)生长和产量的影响。结果表明，施用Tricho - active - plus对两个辣椒品种的营养生长和产量均有显著的促进作用，但对品种1的产量参数影响不大。综合性能来看，T3处理在营养生长和产量指标上均表现出显著(p≤0.05)的最高效率;第10周株高55.64 cm，枝数61.2，叶数341，果数125;第12周77.2)，果长(第10周4.3 cm;果重(1.4 g)和总产量(第10周0.11 kg);0.068 kg，第12周)。同时，品种2在T3下的枝数(51.8)、叶数(213.6)、果长(第10周14.4、第12周13.9)和总产量(第10周0.171 Kg)也取得了相似的结果。只有少数几个参数T4和T1(对照)也表现出最好的性能。因此，以最高生产性能为基础，推荐T3是两个辣椒品种营养生长和产量最好的品种。综合本试验结果可知，RealStrong Tricho Acti-Plus除具有防治真菌病的功效外，还适合作为促进辣椒生长、提高辣椒产量和品质的生物肥料。
{"title":"RealStrong Tricho Acti-Plus (Trichoderma koningii) for Enhanced Plant Growth and Yield of Chili","authors":"Md. Amirul Alam, Efie Auza Bin Mudah Bistari","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.261","url":null,"abstract":"Tricho Acti-Plus (produced by Sabah Softwoods Hybrid Fertilizer Sdn. Bhd.) is a powder-based microbial inoculant containing the active ingredient of Trichoderma koningii, designed to control fungal diseases as a biocontrol agent in plants and indirectly support plant growth and yield. Chili producers are habituated to apply environmentally damaging chemical-based inorganic fertilizers for the better production and yield of chili. Which is one of the major causes of damaging soil productivity. Trichoderma koningii is mainly well-known to be used against fungal diseases of plants but its potential use for chili growth and yield is still unknown. With this purpose in mind in this experiment different concentrations of Tricho Acti-Plus solution were prepared as treatments; 0.0 ml (T1, control), 200 ml (T2), 400 ml (T3) and 600 ml (T4) and applied two (2) times to the chili plants as foliar spray; at the time of seedling transplanting till 35 days after transplanting, aiming to investigate Tricho Acti-Plus effectiveness on the growth and yield of local chili bara (Variety-1) and chili kulai 461 (Variety-2). From the findings it was observed that application of Tricho Acti-Plus significantly boosted up the vegetative growth and yield of both chili varieties, but rarely a positive effect was observed on yield parameters of Variety-1. Based on overall performance among 4 treatments T3 exhibited significantly (p≤0.05) the highest effectiveness for both vegetative growth and yield parameters; on plant height (55.64 cm), numbers of branches (61.2), numbers of leaves (341), numbers of fruits (125 at week 10; 77.2 at week 12), fruit length (4.3 cm at week 10; 4.08 cm at week 12), fruit weight (1.4 g) and total yield (0.11 kg at week 10; 0.068 kg at week 12). Meanwhile, the similar results were also achieved for Variety-2 under T3 for numbers of branches (51.8), numbers of leaves (213.6), fruit length (14.4 at week 10, 13.9 at week 12) and total yield (0.171 Kg at week 10). Only for few of the parameters T4 and T1 (control) also exhibited best performance. Therefore, based on the top performance T3 is recommended for the best vegetative growth and yield of both chili varieties. From the overall results of this experiment it can be decided that the RealStrong Tricho Acti-Plus is suitable to be used as a biofertilizer for the growth, yield and quality of chili besides the commonly known capability to prevent from fungal diseases.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73778729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.287
Md. Amirul Alam, Nur Amanina Rahmat, S. Mijin, Md. Sajedur Rahman Rahman, M. M. Hasan
The presence of abundant oil palm residues in Malaysia prompted the need to utilize this waste to avoid environmental pollution. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a thick, brownish liquid effluent comprising large amounts of solids and high organic content, convertible into a valuable source of biomass. Based on the nutrient content of POME, this waste has the potential to be utilised as an alternative source of plant nutrients and organic medium in different agricultural crop production. Very recent Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) is getting rapid interest among scientists and nutritionists for its easy growing and great nutritional values. But growing this spinach in Malaysia is still unfamiliar and no information about growing it using POME. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the effects of different ratios of POME on growth and yield performance of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo). The experiment was conducted at Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan campus, Sabah, Malaysia. The stem cuttings of Brazilian spinach were transplanted into polybags containing different ratios of POME, cocopeat and sands as T1 (70% POME + 15% cocopeat + 15% sand), T2 (60% POME + 20% cocopeat + 20% sand), T3 (50% POME + 25% cocopeat + 25% sand) and T4 (normal soils) as control treatment following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Among all the measured parameters significantly (P≤0.05) the highest plant height (30.68 cm), maximum numbers of branches (14.50), maximum numbers of leaves (60.50), canopy coverage area (29.13 cm2), highest growth rate (78.0%), maximum fresh weight (330 g) and maximum dry weight (79.63 g) all were achieved from the Brazilian spinach grown under T1, followed by T2 and T3. So, from the overall findings undoubtedly it can be concluded that T1 was the best treatment for overall growth and yield of Brazilian spinach.
{"title":"Influence of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) on growth and yield performance of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo)","authors":"Md. Amirul Alam, Nur Amanina Rahmat, S. Mijin, Md. Sajedur Rahman Rahman, M. M. Hasan","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.287","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of abundant oil palm residues in Malaysia prompted the need to utilize this waste to avoid environmental pollution. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a thick, brownish liquid effluent comprising large amounts of solids and high organic content, convertible into a valuable source of biomass. Based on the nutrient content of POME, this waste has the potential to be utilised as an alternative source of plant nutrients and organic medium in different agricultural crop production. Very recent Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) is getting rapid interest among scientists and nutritionists for its easy growing and great nutritional values. But growing this spinach in Malaysia is still unfamiliar and no information about growing it using POME. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the effects of different ratios of POME on growth and yield performance of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo). The experiment was conducted at Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan campus, Sabah, Malaysia. The stem cuttings of Brazilian spinach were transplanted into polybags containing different ratios of POME, cocopeat and sands as T1 (70% POME + 15% cocopeat + 15% sand), T2 (60% POME + 20% cocopeat + 20% sand), T3 (50% POME + 25% cocopeat + 25% sand) and T4 (normal soils) as control treatment following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Among all the measured parameters significantly (P≤0.05) the highest plant height (30.68 cm), maximum numbers of branches (14.50), maximum numbers of leaves (60.50), canopy coverage area (29.13 cm2), highest growth rate (78.0%), maximum fresh weight (330 g) and maximum dry weight (79.63 g) all were achieved from the Brazilian spinach grown under T1, followed by T2 and T3. So, from the overall findings undoubtedly it can be concluded that T1 was the best treatment for overall growth and yield of Brazilian spinach.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"910 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73251917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.247
Nor Raihana Asmar Mohd Noor, Nur Amalina Mohd Ropi, H. Leong
Fertilizer management and soil nutrient profile affect plant growth. However, each plant species is unique and may require different nutrients for best growth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and compound fertilizer applications on the plant growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) under polyculture system. In the present study, water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) were grown under a polyculture planting condition with okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis), and treated with five different types of fertilizer regime (T1: without fertilizer, T2: organic fertilizer, T3: inorganic fertilizer, T4: compound fertilizer and T5: organic + inorganic fertilizer). For each treatment group, a total amount of 9 g m-2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium each were applied throughout the experiment. The present results showed that under polyculture condition, no significant difference was observed in the total weight, root weight, root length and leaf number of water spinach under different treatments (p>0.05). However, significant difference (p<0.05) was found for plant height of water spinach among the five treatment groups. Furthermore, the weight of roots and shoots of water spinach was found to have positive correlation (T1: R2=0.672; T2: R2=0.799; T3: R2=0.442; T4: R2=0.779; T5: R2=0.804). In addition to crop growth, the fertilizer application also influenced the soil pH, EC, organic matter and moisture content after one cropping season. In this study, the growth of water spinach following application of organic fertilizer was found comparable to the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Incorporation of organic and inorganic fertilizer (T5) served the best condition for the growth of water spinach under the polyculture system.
{"title":"Effects of Organic, Inorganic and Compound Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) under Polyculture Condition","authors":"Nor Raihana Asmar Mohd Noor, Nur Amalina Mohd Ropi, H. Leong","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.247","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilizer management and soil nutrient profile affect plant growth. However, each plant species is unique and may require different nutrients for best growth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and compound fertilizer applications on the plant growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) under polyculture system. In the present study, water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) were grown under a polyculture planting condition with okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis), and treated with five different types of fertilizer regime (T1: without fertilizer, T2: organic fertilizer, T3: inorganic fertilizer, T4: compound fertilizer and T5: organic + inorganic fertilizer). For each treatment group, a total amount of 9 g m-2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium each were applied throughout the experiment. The present results showed that under polyculture condition, no significant difference was observed in the total weight, root weight, root length and leaf number of water spinach under different treatments (p>0.05). However, significant difference (p<0.05) was found for plant height of water spinach among the five treatment groups. Furthermore, the weight of roots and shoots of water spinach was found to have positive correlation (T1: R2=0.672; T2: R2=0.799; T3: R2=0.442; T4: R2=0.779; T5: R2=0.804). In addition to crop growth, the fertilizer application also influenced the soil pH, EC, organic matter and moisture content after one cropping season. In this study, the growth of water spinach following application of organic fertilizer was found comparable to the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Incorporation of organic and inorganic fertilizer (T5) served the best condition for the growth of water spinach under the polyculture system.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80594026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.249
Siti Noor Syuhada Muhammad Amin, Azman Azid, S. M. Aziz, Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid, Azma Abdul Malek, Nrulhuda Mohammad Yusoff
Tachypleus gigas is one of the species of horseshoe crabs found in Peninsular Malaysia. Metals in the surrounding water can accumulate into horseshoe crab tissues. This study was conducted to determine zinc (Zn) uptake into horseshoe crab tissues after continuous exposure to the metals. T. gigas that were sampled from Gelang Patah, Johor and Cherating, Pahang were reared in the control tank and Zn treatment tank (20 mg/L) with aeration supply for a month. Twelve horseshoe crabs from Zn treatment tank and 6 horseshoe crabs from control tank were dissected for tissues namely operculum, gills, chelicerae, leg, digestive tract, hepatopancreas and carapace in different intervals (Day 0, Day 10, Day 20 and Day 30). These tissues were freeze dried and digested with 65% nitric acid on a hotplate at 200oC. Zn were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Different concentrations of Zn were measured in different tissues. The tissues of T. gigas showed increased concentrations of Zn by following exposure in 30 days. The increasing pattern of Zn uptake into the tissues from day 0- 30 are clear. The gills showed highest concentrations of metals accumulation with the value of 6398.60 ± 909.51 µg/g (dw). Thus, uptake of Zn into T. gigas was confirmed, therefore it has the potential to become the suitable bio-indicator (especially their gills) to detect the metal pollution in the surrounding water.
{"title":"A A Trend of Zinc Uptake into Tachypleus Gigas Tissues After a Month of Exposure","authors":"Siti Noor Syuhada Muhammad Amin, Azman Azid, S. M. Aziz, Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid, Azma Abdul Malek, Nrulhuda Mohammad Yusoff","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.249","url":null,"abstract":"Tachypleus gigas is one of the species of horseshoe crabs found in Peninsular Malaysia. Metals in the surrounding water can accumulate into horseshoe crab tissues. This study was conducted to determine zinc (Zn) uptake into horseshoe crab tissues after continuous exposure to the metals. T. gigas that were sampled from Gelang Patah, Johor and Cherating, Pahang were reared in the control tank and Zn treatment tank (20 mg/L) with aeration supply for a month. Twelve horseshoe crabs from Zn treatment tank and 6 horseshoe crabs from control tank were dissected for tissues namely operculum, gills, chelicerae, leg, digestive tract, hepatopancreas and carapace in different intervals (Day 0, Day 10, Day 20 and Day 30). These tissues were freeze dried and digested with 65% nitric acid on a hotplate at 200oC. Zn were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Different concentrations of Zn were measured in different tissues. The tissues of T. gigas showed increased concentrations of Zn by following exposure in 30 days. The increasing pattern of Zn uptake into the tissues from day 0- 30 are clear. The gills showed highest concentrations of metals accumulation with the value of 6398.60 ± 909.51 µg/g (dw). Thus, uptake of Zn into T. gigas was confirmed, therefore it has the potential to become the suitable bio-indicator (especially their gills) to detect the metal pollution in the surrounding water.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"223 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86190981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.262
W. Loke, H. Mohd Saud
Chromobacterium violaceum is a purple coloured pathogenic bacterium mainly found in stagnant water and soil. Isolation and identification of this pathogenic bacteria are very important especially in biological science research and clinical field. It was easily identified by the production of purple coloured pigment violacein based on the solubility, colour reaction, spectrophotometry and growth temperature of C. violaceum. The density of C. violaceum found in 5 g of soil was much higher after rainy day which was about 7 X 107 located at 2°59'09.5"N 101°43'33.2"E and 1 X 107 located at 2°58'56.3"N 101°43'15.2"E compared to normal sunny day with only 6 X 105 and 9 X 104 in respectively at the same locations. The soils samples were collected 0-5 cm depth from the soil surface because of the facultative anaerobic where the C. violaceum from underground was more incline go to the top of soil since the concentration of oxygen was higher at the top.
{"title":"The Identification of Chromobacterium violaceum From Soil Based on The Production of Violacein","authors":"W. Loke, H. Mohd Saud","doi":"10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1.262","url":null,"abstract":"Chromobacterium violaceum is a purple coloured pathogenic bacterium mainly found in stagnant water and soil. Isolation and identification of this pathogenic bacteria are very important especially in biological science research and clinical field. It was easily identified by the production of purple coloured pigment violacein based on the solubility, colour reaction, spectrophotometry and growth temperature of C. violaceum. The density of C. violaceum found in 5 g of soil was much higher after rainy day which was about 7 X 107 located at 2°59'09.5\"N 101°43'33.2\"E and 1 X 107 located at 2°58'56.3\"N 101°43'15.2\"E compared to normal sunny day with only 6 X 105 and 9 X 104 in respectively at the same locations. The soils samples were collected 0-5 cm depth from the soil surface because of the facultative anaerobic where the C. violaceum from underground was more incline go to the top of soil since the concentration of oxygen was higher at the top.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"12 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79895777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.251
Izzati Shahira Rosidi Sujanto, Nur Syahidah Ramly, John Yew Huat Tang, Asmaliza Abd Ghani, Nadiawati Alias, Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar, Norhayati Ngah
Honey’s compound is differ depending on the types and origin of bees’ food; which are flower nectar and plant honeydew. These differences then influenced the quality and nutritional value of honey as a superfood. This research accesses the physicochemical properties and nutritional value of stingless bee honey at Gelam forest. Honey of Heterotrigona itama was collected at Telaga Papan in Terengganu, Malaysia. The location of hives is surrounded and dominant by Gelam trees. The physicochemical analysis, antioxidant properties, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and minerals content of stingless bee honey were investigated. The physicochemical parameters in terms of moisture, pH, and Brix were measured. The result obtained shows that the Gelam honey produced by H. itama has a moisture content of 27.28%, the pH is 3.30, and the total soluble solid or Brix value is 75.88. Meanwhile, for total phenolic and total flavonoid content, both recorded a quite higher value which was 10.68 mg GAE/g and 6.64mg CE/g respectively. In terms of antioxidants, Gelam honey shows a promising 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) inhibition. The four major minerals as potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium recorded values are 2036.04mg/L, 101.31mg/L, 41.51mg/L, 7.88mg/L respectively. In general, Gelam honey has a good quality and nutritive as similar to other stingless bee honey produced from another botanical origin.
{"title":"The physicochemical properties and nutritional value of Stingless bee honey at Gelam Forest in Telaga Papan, Terengganu, Malaysia","authors":"Izzati Shahira Rosidi Sujanto, Nur Syahidah Ramly, John Yew Huat Tang, Asmaliza Abd Ghani, Nadiawati Alias, Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar, Norhayati Ngah","doi":"10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.251","url":null,"abstract":"Honey’s compound is differ depending on the types and origin of bees’ food; which are flower nectar and plant honeydew. These differences then influenced the quality and nutritional value of honey as a superfood. This research accesses the physicochemical properties and nutritional value of stingless bee honey at Gelam forest. Honey of Heterotrigona itama was collected at Telaga Papan in Terengganu, Malaysia. The location of hives is surrounded and dominant by Gelam trees. The physicochemical analysis, antioxidant properties, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and minerals content of stingless bee honey were investigated. The physicochemical parameters in terms of moisture, pH, and Brix were measured. The result obtained shows that the Gelam honey produced by H. itama has a moisture content of 27.28%, the pH is 3.30, and the total soluble solid or Brix value is 75.88. Meanwhile, for total phenolic and total flavonoid content, both recorded a quite higher value which was 10.68 mg GAE/g and 6.64mg CE/g respectively. In terms of antioxidants, Gelam honey shows a promising 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) inhibition. The four major minerals as potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium recorded values are 2036.04mg/L, 101.31mg/L, 41.51mg/L, 7.88mg/L respectively. In general, Gelam honey has a good quality and nutritive as similar to other stingless bee honey produced from another botanical origin.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85370713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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