Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.37231/jab.2021.12.1s.268
Nur Dinie Zailan, N. A. Zulkifly, A. Alwi, Siti Noor Syuhada Muhammad Amin, N. Alias
Efficient strategies for phytase production gained increasing importance as more applications require high amounts of phytase for the market. Four phytase-producing bacterial strains isolated from Malaysia’s hot springs were used in this study to determine the effect of nitrogen sources on phytase production. All of the strains were screened out by applying halozone method which shows all of the strains were definitely positive phytase producer. Phytase Screening Medium (PSM) with soybean extract as substrate was used as a cultivation medium. Optimised condition with 1.0 % (w/v) of glucose (as carbon source), pH 5.5 and 37°C temperature was applied. Yeast extract and peptone were used to identify optimum nitrogen source in maximum phytase production. Quantitative analysis observed were optical density, colony forming unit, pH values and phytase activity to identify the effect of nitrogen source in phytase production. The finding was bacterial strain L3 as the best producer in producing maximum phytase (0.2162 U/mL) with optimised condition using yeast extract as nitrogen source. Findings in this study proved that yeast extract act as the optimum nitrogen source which contribute to maximum phytase production as supported by previous studies. This study can provide an efficient strategy to produce maximum phytase as few studies stated that phytase is an application tool in functional food production that consists of myo-inositol phosphates that is believed to have important pharmacological effects.
{"title":"Effects of Nitrogen Sources in Phytase Production on Bacterial Strains Isolated from Malaysia’s Hot Spring","authors":"Nur Dinie Zailan, N. A. Zulkifly, A. Alwi, Siti Noor Syuhada Muhammad Amin, N. Alias","doi":"10.37231/jab.2021.12.1s.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2021.12.1s.268","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient strategies for phytase production gained increasing importance as more applications require high amounts of phytase for the market. Four phytase-producing bacterial strains isolated from Malaysia’s hot springs were used in this study to determine the effect of nitrogen sources on phytase production. All of the strains were screened out by applying halozone method which shows all of the strains were definitely positive phytase producer. Phytase Screening Medium (PSM) with soybean extract as substrate was used as a cultivation medium. Optimised condition with 1.0 % (w/v) of glucose (as carbon source), pH 5.5 and 37°C temperature was applied. Yeast extract and peptone were used to identify optimum nitrogen source in maximum phytase production. Quantitative analysis observed were optical density, colony forming unit, pH values and phytase activity to identify the effect of nitrogen source in phytase production. The finding was bacterial strain L3 as the best producer in producing maximum phytase (0.2162 U/mL) with optimised condition using yeast extract as nitrogen source. Findings in this study proved that yeast extract act as the optimum nitrogen source which contribute to maximum phytase production as supported by previous studies. This study can provide an efficient strategy to produce maximum phytase as few studies stated that phytase is an application tool in functional food production that consists of myo-inositol phosphates that is believed to have important pharmacological effects.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88010272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.37231/jab.2021.12.1s.275
Siti Norhannani Ahmat Azemi, Norshafiqah Zainul, A. Abd Ghani, John Tang Yew Huat
This study was carried out to produce powdered yogurt from goat milk with longer shelf life.Two methods of drying process of yogurt were used which are vacuum-oven drying (VD) and freezedrying (FD). Goat milk yogurt powder prepared with added Tualang honey (TH) was produced by freeze-drying method. In this study, four formulations of yogurt were prepared with the addition of commercial yogurt containingas starter culture.Granulated sugar was added about 8% into the yogurt as control sample. While other three yogurts were prepared with 8% of Tualang honey, 6% of Tualang honey with 2% of sugar and 4% of Tualang honey with 4% of sugar. The proximateanalysis was used in order to identify the proximate composition and pH value of the yogurt. The moisture content of goat milk yogurt, VD goat yogurt powder and FD goat yogurt powder were 79.20%, 8.22% and 9.66% respectively. While, the moisture content for FD goat yogurt powder with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% Tualang honey were 15.12%,15.92% and 13.53% respectively.While the value of ash content for FD goat milk yogurt powder with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% Tualang honey were 0.37%, 0.35% and 0.50% respectively. The total protein content for goat milk yogurt was 4.61% whilein VD goat yogurt powder and FD goat yogurt powder were 15.04% and 15.07% respectively. The value of protein content for FD goat milk yogurt powder with addition of 8% of Tualang honey was 15.38%. The pH value ofgoat milk sample and fresh yogurt goat milk were 6.52 and 3.82. The pH values for fresh yogurt with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% of Tualang honey were 4.64, 4.68 and 4.73.Vacuum-oven drying method and freeze-drying method did not show any significant different in moisture, ash and protein content but showed significant different in pH value.
{"title":"Proximate Analysis of Goat Milk Yogurt Powder Produced by Freeze Drying and Vacuum-Oven Drying and in Comparing with Freeze-Dried Yogurt Powder Prepared with Tualang Honey","authors":"Siti Norhannani Ahmat Azemi, Norshafiqah Zainul, A. Abd Ghani, John Tang Yew Huat","doi":"10.37231/jab.2021.12.1s.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2021.12.1s.275","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to produce powdered yogurt from goat milk with longer shelf life.Two methods of drying process of yogurt were used which are vacuum-oven drying (VD) and freezedrying (FD). Goat milk yogurt powder prepared with added Tualang honey (TH) was produced by freeze-drying method. In this study, four formulations of yogurt were prepared with the addition of commercial yogurt containingas starter culture.Granulated sugar was added about 8% into the yogurt as control sample. While other three yogurts were prepared with 8% of Tualang honey, 6% of Tualang honey with 2% of sugar and 4% of Tualang honey with 4% of sugar. The proximateanalysis was used in order to identify the proximate composition and pH value of the yogurt. The moisture content of goat milk yogurt, VD goat yogurt powder and FD goat yogurt powder were 79.20%, 8.22% and 9.66% respectively. While, the moisture content for FD goat yogurt powder with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% Tualang honey were 15.12%,15.92% and 13.53% respectively.While the value of ash content for FD goat milk yogurt powder with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% Tualang honey were 0.37%, 0.35% and 0.50% respectively. The total protein content for goat milk yogurt was 4.61% whilein VD goat yogurt powder and FD goat yogurt powder were 15.04% and 15.07% respectively. The value of protein content for FD goat milk yogurt powder with addition of 8% of Tualang honey was 15.38%. The pH value ofgoat milk sample and fresh yogurt goat milk were 6.52 and 3.82. The pH values for fresh yogurt with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% of Tualang honey were 4.64, 4.68 and 4.73.Vacuum-oven drying method and freeze-drying method did not show any significant different in moisture, ash and protein content but showed significant different in pH value.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84716783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.37231/jab.2021.12.1s.267
Muhammad Haikal Hizani, N. Alias, Syamil Choo Shaiful Bahri, Khairul Anuar Apendi
Biocellulose is a strong polymer consisting of nanofibrillar structures that produce a large surface area and a microporous structure. This organic polymer is greatly in demand in various industries, such as the paper industry, biomedical industry and cosmetics industry. In this study, biocellulose production from two bacteria known as endophytic bacterium SV845 (M02) and Pantoea ananatis IADCAMBID (M03) isolated from passion fruit was selected. Three different media formulations (Media 1, Media 2, and Media 3) were used in order to optimize the biocellulose production where each media contained a different percentage of carbon sources (glucose and fructose). The highest biocellulose production (1.544 mg/mL) was demonstrated by M02 bacteria strain in Media 1 containing glucose alone which fermented at 30 ºC while at 37 ºC, the highest biocellulose (BC) production was demonstrated by M03 bacteria strain at 2.078 mg/mL in media containing glucose alone (Media 1). Data on pH changes during biocellulose fermentation in all the media were set at an initial pH of 6. The final pH values were observed in the range of 5.34 to 6.08 for M02 strain and 5.95 to 8.53 for M03 strain, respectively. Characterizations of biocellulose were compared to starch using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR analysis indicated that the absorption peaks at 3200 cm-1 and 1630 cm-1 were derived from the association of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds and H–O–H bending vibration of the absorbed water molecules in cellulose.
{"title":"Optimization and Characterization of Biocellulose Production from Bacteria Isolated from Passion Fruits","authors":"Muhammad Haikal Hizani, N. Alias, Syamil Choo Shaiful Bahri, Khairul Anuar Apendi","doi":"10.37231/jab.2021.12.1s.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2021.12.1s.267","url":null,"abstract":"Biocellulose is a strong polymer consisting of nanofibrillar structures that produce a large surface area and a microporous structure. This organic polymer is greatly in demand in various industries, such as the paper industry, biomedical industry and cosmetics industry. In this study, biocellulose production from two bacteria known as endophytic bacterium SV845 (M02) and Pantoea ananatis IADCAMBID (M03) isolated from passion fruit was selected. Three different media formulations (Media 1, Media 2, and Media 3) were used in order to optimize the biocellulose production where each media contained a different percentage of carbon sources (glucose and fructose). The highest biocellulose production (1.544 mg/mL) was demonstrated by M02 bacteria strain in Media 1 containing glucose alone which fermented at 30 ºC while at 37 ºC, the highest biocellulose (BC) production was demonstrated by M03 bacteria strain at 2.078 mg/mL in media containing glucose alone (Media 1). Data on pH changes during biocellulose fermentation in all the media were set at an initial pH of 6. The final pH values were observed in the range of 5.34 to 6.08 for M02 strain and 5.95 to 8.53 for M03 strain, respectively. Characterizations of biocellulose were compared to starch using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR analysis indicated that the absorption peaks at 3200 cm-1 and 1630 cm-1 were derived from the association of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds and H–O–H bending vibration of the absorbed water molecules in cellulose.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87631349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.37231/JAB.2021.12.2.250
N. Ramly, Izzati Shahira Rosidi Sujanto, J. Tang, A. A. Ghani, N. Alias, Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar, Norhayati Ngah
The colour and the sweetness of honey are the main characteristics refers by consumers when buying honey for their consumption. Consumers always believe that the darker the colour and the sweeter the taste, the better the quality of honey. This study aims to investigate the correlation of colour lightness and the sweetness of stingless bee honey with its mineral contents. Honey samples were collected from seven beehives around Terengganu, Malaysia. All samples have different colours and tastes. The colour of honey was measured based on CIELAB colour system using a reflectance spectrometry and the sweetness of honey is measured using a refractometer. ICP-OES is used to analyze mineral elements present in the honey samples. We found that the lighter the colour of honey, the less sweet it is (r= -0.77). The results obtained also shows that the lighter the colour of honey, the higher the amount of potassium (r= -0.94) and phosphorus (r= -0.94) in honey. Meanwhile, the sweeter the honey, the higher the amount of potassium (r= 0.87), sodium (r= 0.85) and phosphorus (r= 0.82). Our findings prove that the colour and sweetness of honey can only be used to estimate the certain nutritive value of honey. Even though these findings still cannot fully uncover the myth of honey; consumers still can depend on these characteristics to choose the best honey for their own consumption.
{"title":"Correlation Between the Color Lightness and Sweetness of Stingless Bee Honey with Its Minerals Content","authors":"N. Ramly, Izzati Shahira Rosidi Sujanto, J. Tang, A. A. Ghani, N. Alias, Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar, Norhayati Ngah","doi":"10.37231/JAB.2021.12.2.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/JAB.2021.12.2.250","url":null,"abstract":"The colour and the sweetness of honey are the main characteristics refers by consumers when buying honey for their consumption. Consumers always believe that the darker the colour and the sweeter the taste, the better the quality of honey. This study aims to investigate the correlation of colour lightness and the sweetness of stingless bee honey with its mineral contents. Honey samples were collected from seven beehives around Terengganu, Malaysia. All samples have different colours and tastes. The colour of honey was measured based on CIELAB colour system using a reflectance spectrometry and the sweetness of honey is measured using a refractometer. ICP-OES is used to analyze mineral elements present in the honey samples. We found that the lighter the colour of honey, the less sweet it is (r= -0.77). The results obtained also shows that the lighter the colour of honey, the higher the amount of potassium (r= -0.94) and phosphorus (r= -0.94) in honey. Meanwhile, the sweeter the honey, the higher the amount of potassium (r= 0.87), sodium (r= 0.85) and phosphorus (r= 0.82). Our findings prove that the colour and sweetness of honey can only be used to estimate the certain nutritive value of honey. Even though these findings still cannot fully uncover the myth of honey; consumers still can depend on these characteristics to choose the best honey for their own consumption.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86109244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.256
Noor Ain Abdullah, Salmah Mohamed, Khairil Mahmud
Bukit Keluang is one of the famous natural recreational sites in Besut, Terengganu due to their beautiful sandy beaches and beautiful landscapes. Bukit Keluang recreational forest consist coastal and lowland dipterocarp forest. The studies on the biodiversity are never been reported at this area and thus, we aimed to investigate the diversity and abundance of insects in the coastal and inland forest of Bukit Keluang recreational forest. We built two plots which are Plot A in the coastal area and Plot B in the inland forest at Bukit Keluang. For each plot, three types of insect traps were used; yellow pan traps, pitfall traps, and Malaise traps. The traps were left for seven days and all insect samples collected were brought to the laboratory for sorting, enumerating and identifying up to order level. A total of 455 individuals of insects consisted of 10 orders (i.e. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Collembola, Homoptera, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Blattodea and Isoptera) were successfully collected from the forest of Bukit Keluang. Among them, Hymenoptera order dominated the number of individuals collected at 67.25% followed by Diptera (11.21%) whilst Collembola and Dermaptera were the least abundance order collected at 0.22%, respectively. The coastal forest recorded a total of 271 individuals (nine orders) while inland forest recorded 184 individuals (eight orders). No significant difference (p>0.05) of insect abundance was recorded between both plots. However, the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed that the diversity of insects in the inland forest was slightly higher (H’=1.52) than the coastal forest (H’=0.86). We conclude that the insects’ diversity in Bukit Keluang is relatively higher in inland forest but lower in coastal forest. As no other insect survey has been conducted in this study area in the past, this study delivers a basic evidence and dataset of diversity and abundance for insect which may beneficial for further conservation research at Bukit Keluang in the future.
{"title":"Diversity and abundance of insects in the recreational forest of Bukit Keluang, Besut, Terengganu.","authors":"Noor Ain Abdullah, Salmah Mohamed, Khairil Mahmud","doi":"10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.256","url":null,"abstract":"Bukit Keluang is one of the famous natural recreational sites in Besut, Terengganu due to their beautiful sandy beaches and beautiful landscapes. Bukit Keluang recreational forest consist coastal and lowland dipterocarp forest. The studies on the biodiversity are never been reported at this area and thus, we aimed to investigate the diversity and abundance of insects in the coastal and inland forest of Bukit Keluang recreational forest. We built two plots which are Plot A in the coastal area and Plot B in the inland forest at Bukit Keluang. For each plot, three types of insect traps were used; yellow pan traps, pitfall traps, and Malaise traps. The traps were left for seven days and all insect samples collected were brought to the laboratory for sorting, enumerating and identifying up to order level. A total of 455 individuals of insects consisted of 10 orders (i.e. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Collembola, Homoptera, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Blattodea and Isoptera) were successfully collected from the forest of Bukit Keluang. Among them, Hymenoptera order dominated the number of individuals collected at 67.25% followed by Diptera (11.21%) whilst Collembola and Dermaptera were the least abundance order collected at 0.22%, respectively. The coastal forest recorded a total of 271 individuals (nine orders) while inland forest recorded 184 individuals (eight orders). No significant difference (p>0.05) of insect abundance was recorded between both plots. However, the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed that the diversity of insects in the inland forest was slightly higher (H’=1.52) than the coastal forest (H’=0.86). We conclude that the insects’ diversity in Bukit Keluang is relatively higher in inland forest but lower in coastal forest. As no other insect survey has been conducted in this study area in the past, this study delivers a basic evidence and dataset of diversity and abundance for insect which may beneficial for further conservation research at Bukit Keluang in the future.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80135700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.253
Nur Fazreen Zainal, Noor Hazmira Merous, Azreena Amer Khan
Forest Research Institute (FRI) was a former name of Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). It had begun restoration activities back in 1920s. Nowadays, it is a paid off with a FRIM being known as a nearly 100 years old artificial forest located in the heart of the city. To date, 92% of total forested area in FRIM consisted of 85% of planted forest and 7.4% of natural forest. In order to sustain the conservation effort, the institute was declared as National Heritage in 2012 and currently in the process of pursuing the title of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. For this conservation to be translated into monetary value that reflects the richness of its natural treasure, the estimation of the stumpage value of these old and young recovered was made to highlight the importance of reforestation in degraded areas. The economic valuation of timber resources was estimated with residual value technique for four Fields that represent both types of forest. An old recovered primary forest; which located in Field 11 and 20 and a young recovered primary forest; Field 52 and 53. The results showed significant difference of stumpage value in old and young recovered forest. While the estimated stumpage value of young recovered forest is much lower, the estimated stumpage value of old recovered primary forest that aged between 72 (Field 20) to 93 years old (Field 11) is higher than the value of other Malaysia forest reserves. The findings indicated the importance of forest reforestation and proved that FRIM has a universal value as a man-made forest.
{"title":"Comparison of Stumpage Value in Old and Young Recovered Primary Forest at FRIM Selangor Forest Park","authors":"Nur Fazreen Zainal, Noor Hazmira Merous, Azreena Amer Khan","doi":"10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.253","url":null,"abstract":"Forest Research Institute (FRI) was a former name of Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). It had begun restoration activities back in 1920s. Nowadays, it is a paid off with a FRIM being known as a nearly 100 years old artificial forest located in the heart of the city. To date, 92% of total forested area in FRIM consisted of 85% of planted forest and 7.4% of natural forest. In order to sustain the conservation effort, the institute was declared as National Heritage in 2012 and currently in the process of pursuing the title of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. For this conservation to be translated into monetary value that reflects the richness of its natural treasure, the estimation of the stumpage value of these old and young recovered was made to highlight the importance of reforestation in degraded areas. The economic valuation of timber resources was estimated with residual value technique for four Fields that represent both types of forest. An old recovered primary forest; which located in Field 11 and 20 and a young recovered primary forest; Field 52 and 53. The results showed significant difference of stumpage value in old and young recovered forest. While the estimated stumpage value of young recovered forest is much lower, the estimated stumpage value of old recovered primary forest that aged between 72 (Field 20) to 93 years old (Field 11) is higher than the value of other Malaysia forest reserves. The findings indicated the importance of forest reforestation and proved that FRIM has a universal value as a man-made forest.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91493487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.255
Nurul Izyan Che Mohamood, Nadiawati Alias, Nurul Asma Hasliza Zulkifly
Animal feed from cereal grains and oilseed meals mainly containing phytic acid which has adverse effects on animal nutrition and its environment. Ruminants can easily digest the phytic acid as they have fungi and bacteria in their guts which can produce phytase to degrade the phytic acid. Meanwhile, phytic acid in non-ruminant animals is poorly digested due to the lack of sufficient phytase in their guts. Thus, the feed must be supplemented with inorganic phosphate to ensure it can absorb adequate nutrients. This study aimed to determine the effects of using different carbon sources to the growth of different strains of phytase producing bacteria based on optical density (OD), colony forming unit (CFU), and their phytase production. All four strains of potentially producing-phytase bacteria have been isolated from several hot springs in Malaysia. The bacteria were grown in modified Phytase Screening Medium (PSM) with glucose and lactose as a carbon source and under optimum culture conditions (pH 5.5, 37˚C, 200 rpm) for 72 hours. For quantitative screening of phytase production, the bacterial cultures were harvested to obtain the supernatants that were used to measure the amount of inorganic phosphorus released by the bacterial strains. Among these carbon sources, glucose has shown consistency between their CFU counts and the observed ODs whereas lactose shown inconsistency. Meanwhile, the maximum phytase activity was recorded for all strains in the presence of glucose in which bacteria strain L3 (0.0404 U/mL), RT (0.0359 U/mL), B9 (0.0262 U/mL), and A (0.0263 U/mL). As for the overall, strain L3 (Labis, Johor) gave a promising rate of inorganic phosphate released with optimum phytase activity value of 0.0404 U/mL in presence of glucose and lactose. The optimisation of the fermentation medium can contribute to more economical production of industrial enzyme as phytase has the potential to produce feed additives for poultry feeding.
{"title":"Effect of Carbon Sources on Different Strains of Phytase-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Malaysia’s Hot Spring","authors":"Nurul Izyan Che Mohamood, Nadiawati Alias, Nurul Asma Hasliza Zulkifly","doi":"10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.255","url":null,"abstract":"Animal feed from cereal grains and oilseed meals mainly containing phytic acid which has adverse effects on animal nutrition and its environment. Ruminants can easily digest the phytic acid as they have fungi and bacteria in their guts which can produce phytase to degrade the phytic acid. Meanwhile, phytic acid in non-ruminant animals is poorly digested due to the lack of sufficient phytase in their guts. Thus, the feed must be supplemented with inorganic phosphate to ensure it can absorb adequate nutrients. This study aimed to determine the effects of using different carbon sources to the growth of different strains of phytase producing bacteria based on optical density (OD), colony forming unit (CFU), and their phytase production. All four strains of potentially producing-phytase bacteria have been isolated from several hot springs in Malaysia. The bacteria were grown in modified Phytase Screening Medium (PSM) with glucose and lactose as a carbon source and under optimum culture conditions (pH 5.5, 37˚C, 200 rpm) for 72 hours. For quantitative screening of phytase production, the bacterial cultures were harvested to obtain the supernatants that were used to measure the amount of inorganic phosphorus released by the bacterial strains. Among these carbon sources, glucose has shown consistency between their CFU counts and the observed ODs whereas lactose shown inconsistency. Meanwhile, the maximum phytase activity was recorded for all strains in the presence of glucose in which bacteria strain L3 (0.0404 U/mL), RT (0.0359 U/mL), B9 (0.0262 U/mL), and A (0.0263 U/mL). As for the overall, strain L3 (Labis, Johor) gave a promising rate of inorganic phosphate released with optimum phytase activity value of 0.0404 U/mL in presence of glucose and lactose. The optimisation of the fermentation medium can contribute to more economical production of industrial enzyme as phytase has the potential to produce feed additives for poultry feeding.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74103820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.254
Farah Fazwa Md Ariff, Syafiqah Nabilah Samsul Bahari, Zunoliza Abdullah, Ling Sui Kiong, Masitah Mohd Taini, Fadhilah Zainudin, Siti Nur Aisyah Mohd Hashim, Fadzureena Jamaludin, Mohd Zaki Abdullah
With the growing interest in these species as a source of new pharmaceutical products and the increasing demand for herbal products in Malaysia, the demand for its raw materials is also increasing. Therefore, initiatives have been taken by Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) to select and to produce high quality planting materials for future uses. To our knowledge, most of the raw materials used in producing herbal products and its development were being sourced from the wild, with little knowledge on the quality of the raw materials. In order to ensure the quality and sustainability of raw materials in the market, it is important to come out with suitable breeding strategy for the selected species. This paper highlights research by FRIM on collecting, screening, selecting and producing high quality planting materials for the four species based on their growth performance and bioactive compounds. Several research on the production of high quality planting materials for four important medicinal plants has been initiated by FRIM starting from the 11th Malaysian Plan until now. This paper discusses about four selected species namely Chromolaena odorata (kapal terbang), Andrographis paniculata (creat or green chiretta), Beackea frutescens (false ru) and Senna alata (candle bush). These species are found to have a significant benefit to the human’s health. C. odorata (kapal terbang) leaf extract are found to have relatively strong inhibition on platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding in vitro, indicating an anti-inflammatory activity, which is favourable for wound healing. A major bioactive compound in A. paniculata, andrographolide has shown anticancer potential in various research. Whereas, B. frutescens has a potential to be used as anti-gout remedies. Research conducted by FRIM showed that active compound in the leaves and stems of B. frutescens extract are effective in inhibiting uric acid formation and promoting uric acid secretion. Whereas for S. alata, the highest content of major flavonoid glycoside compound, kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside (K3G), has an anti-inflammatory effect detected in leaf extracts. Germplasm plots for the species were also established in FRIM for future breeding activities. The outputs derived from this study will support the herbal industries in getting quality raw materials in the future. By using high quality plants will also increase the value of pharmaceutical products in the market. It is anticipated that herbal industries and interested party will seek FRIM for high quality seeds and seedlings materials for the development of their products as well as for the establishment of commercial herbal plantation.
随着对这些物种作为新药品来源的兴趣日益增加，以及马来西亚对草药产品的需求不断增加，对其原料的需求也在增加。因此，马来西亚森林研究所已采取主动行动，选择和生产高质量的种植材料供将来使用。据我们所知，大多数用于生产草药产品及其开发的原料都来自野外，对原料的质量知之甚少。为了保证原材料在市场上的质量和可持续性，对所选品种提出合适的育种策略是很重要的。本文重点介绍了FRIM根据四种植物的生长性能和生物活性成分收集、筛选、选择和生产优质种植材料的研究。从第11个马来西亚计划到现在，FRIM已经启动了四种重要药用植物的高质量种植材料的生产研究。本文讨论了四种主要的植物，即:桔梗(Chromolaena odorata)、穿心莲(Andrographis paniculata)、桔梗(Beackea frutescens)和香樟(Senna alata)。这些物种被发现对人类的健康有很大的好处。在体外实验中发现，香桐叶提取物对血小板活化因子(PAF)受体结合有较强的抑制作用，具有抗炎活性，有利于伤口愈合。穿心莲内酯是穿心莲中的一种主要生物活性化合物，在各种研究中显示出抗癌潜力。然而，B. frutescens有可能被用作抗痛风的补救措施。FRIM研究表明，木耳提取物叶和茎中的活性化合物具有抑制尿酸形成和促进尿酸分泌的作用。山奈酚-3- o -真菌苷(K3G)在山茱萸叶提取物中含量最高。为今后的育种活动，还在FRIM中建立了该物种的种质地。本研究的结果将有助于草药行业在未来获得优质的原料。通过使用高质量的植物还将增加医药产品在市场上的价值。预计草药行业和相关方将向FRIM寻求高质量的种子和幼苗材料，以开发其产品以及建立商业草药种植园。
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Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.37231/JAB.2021.12.1.244
Mohd Zharif Ramli, Amina Mustapha Ibrahim, A. Yusoff, A. Rak, L. Wei
Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) is potentially reared as aquaculture species but feeding regimes and nutrition for this clam remain questioned. The growth and survival of C. fluminea were evaluated with the assessment of feeding regimes raised in captive rearing treatments (with substrates) fed with spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). Three feeding methods were applied, Treatment A: deposit-feeding, Treatment B: suspension feeding, and Treatment C: combination deposit and suspension-feeding. Shell length (SL) and weight of the individuals were taken every 7 d which last for 6 wk. Condition index (CI), instantaneous growth rates of weight (Kw), and SL (KL) were determined after the experiment ends. Water parameters such as temperature (°C), pH, ammonia (NH4), and dissolved oxygen (DO) also being monitored along the experimental period. Significant weight gained (Kw) and CI was found higher in C. fluminea fed in Treatment C, where the increment was recorded at 6.24x10-3±2.4x10-3gday-1 and 4.34 ±0.3 respectively. Whereas, the increment of SL (KL) was insignificant in all treatments. Survival rates (SR) were greater than 95% in all treatments. The rearing conditions are significant factors that affect the feed utilization for their growth. The growth and survival indicate the specific feeding methods for captive C. fluminea and spirulina feasibility as their feed.
{"title":"Effects of Feeding Treatments on Growth and Survival of Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) in the Hatchery","authors":"Mohd Zharif Ramli, Amina Mustapha Ibrahim, A. Yusoff, A. Rak, L. Wei","doi":"10.37231/JAB.2021.12.1.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/JAB.2021.12.1.244","url":null,"abstract":"Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) is potentially reared as aquaculture species but feeding regimes and nutrition for this clam remain questioned. The growth and survival of C. fluminea were evaluated with the assessment of feeding regimes raised in captive rearing treatments (with substrates) fed with spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). Three feeding methods were applied, Treatment A: deposit-feeding, Treatment B: suspension feeding, and Treatment C: combination deposit and suspension-feeding. Shell length (SL) and weight of the individuals were taken every 7 d which last for 6 wk. Condition index (CI), instantaneous growth rates of weight (Kw), and SL (KL) were determined after the experiment ends. Water parameters such as temperature (°C), pH, ammonia (NH4), and dissolved oxygen (DO) also being monitored along the experimental period. Significant weight gained (Kw) and CI was found higher in C. fluminea fed in Treatment C, where the increment was recorded at 6.24x10-3±2.4x10-3gday-1 and 4.34 ±0.3 respectively. Whereas, the increment of SL (KL) was insignificant in all treatments. Survival rates (SR) were greater than 95% in all treatments. The rearing conditions are significant factors that affect the feed utilization for their growth. The growth and survival indicate the specific feeding methods for captive C. fluminea and spirulina feasibility as their feed.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81964431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.37231/jab.2021.12.1.227
Chong Saw Peng, Mohd Fajri Osman, Norellia Bahari, Everina A/k Nuri, Rusli Zakaria, Khairuddin Abdul Rahim
Agarwood is a type of resin impregnated wood produced from the wounded Aquilaria trees. This agarwood gives a pleasant fragrant when it is burned. It becomes high-priced and increase demanded in the world due to the depletion of wild agarwood in the forest caused by illegal poaching activities. Agarwood resin can only be produced by injuring caused by lightning or wounded by animals under natural conditions. However, the natural process of resin accumulation is uncertain and time-consuming. Therefore, we developed an agarwood inducement technique that served as the alternative way to induce the agarwood formation in a short time. Three inducement techniques, including the injecting method, knocking method and combination of injecting & knocking method were applied to induce resin formation. In this study, we evaluated the technique for producing agarwood in species Aquilaria beccariana, which is native and only can be found in Borneo Malaysia. For A. beccariana trees treated with the inducement technique, resin formed and spread throughout the cell in the trunk. The evaluation results showed that the agarwood yield per tree reached around 5 to 7 kilogram. Furthermore, this agarwood derived from the induction was found to have a similar quality with the wild agarwood. This indicates the inducement technology had successfully produced agarwood resin in A. beccariana with a grade similar to the wild agarwood.
{"title":"Production of Agarwood Resin in Aquilaria beccariana Using Inducement Technology","authors":"Chong Saw Peng, Mohd Fajri Osman, Norellia Bahari, Everina A/k Nuri, Rusli Zakaria, Khairuddin Abdul Rahim","doi":"10.37231/jab.2021.12.1.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2021.12.1.227","url":null,"abstract":"Agarwood is a type of resin impregnated wood produced from the wounded Aquilaria trees. This agarwood gives a pleasant fragrant when it is burned. It becomes high-priced and increase demanded in the world due to the depletion of wild agarwood in the forest caused by illegal poaching activities. Agarwood resin can only be produced by injuring caused by lightning or wounded by animals under natural conditions. However, the natural process of resin accumulation is uncertain and time-consuming. Therefore, we developed an agarwood inducement technique that served as the alternative way to induce the agarwood formation in a short time. Three inducement techniques, including the injecting method, knocking method and combination of injecting & knocking method were applied to induce resin formation. In this study, we evaluated the technique for producing agarwood in species Aquilaria beccariana, which is native and only can be found in Borneo Malaysia. For A. beccariana trees treated with the inducement technique, resin formed and spread throughout the cell in the trunk. The evaluation results showed that the agarwood yield per tree reached around 5 to 7 kilogram. Furthermore, this agarwood derived from the induction was found to have a similar quality with the wild agarwood. This indicates the inducement technology had successfully produced agarwood resin in A. beccariana with a grade similar to the wild agarwood.","PeriodicalId":14995,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Agrobiotechnology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84294256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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