Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.3390/applbiosci2010009
Marta I. Magalhães, A. Almeida
Multifunctional materials and devices with captivating properties can be assembled from cellulose and cellulose-based composite materials combining functionality with structural performance. Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable materials with captivating properties, such as mechanical robustness, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Cellulose is a low-cost and abundant biodegradable resource, CO2 neutral, with a wide variety of fibers available all over the world. Over thousands of years, nature has perfected cellulose-based materials according to their needs, such as function vs. structure. Mimicking molecular structures at the nano-, micro-, and macroscales existing in nature is a great strategy to produce synthetic cellulose-based active materials. A concise background of cellulose and its structural organization, as well as the nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials, are first addressed. Key examples of nature-designed materials with unique characteristics, such as “eternal” coloration and water-induced movement are presented. The production of biomimetic fiber and 2D fiber-based cellulosic materials that have attracted significant attention within the scientific community are represented. Nature-inspired materials with a focus on functionality and response to an external stimulus are reported. Some examples of 3D-printed cellulosic materials bioinspired, reported recently in the literature, are addressed. Finally, printed cellulosic materials that morph from a 1D strand or 2D surface into a 3D shape, in response to an external stimulus, are reported. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most recent developments in the field of “nature-inspired” cellulose-based active materials regarding design, manufacturing, and inspirational sources that feature existing tendencies.
{"title":"Nature-Inspired Cellulose-Based Active Materials: From 2D to 4D","authors":"Marta I. Magalhães, A. Almeida","doi":"10.3390/applbiosci2010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci2010009","url":null,"abstract":"Multifunctional materials and devices with captivating properties can be assembled from cellulose and cellulose-based composite materials combining functionality with structural performance. Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable materials with captivating properties, such as mechanical robustness, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Cellulose is a low-cost and abundant biodegradable resource, CO2 neutral, with a wide variety of fibers available all over the world. Over thousands of years, nature has perfected cellulose-based materials according to their needs, such as function vs. structure. Mimicking molecular structures at the nano-, micro-, and macroscales existing in nature is a great strategy to produce synthetic cellulose-based active materials. A concise background of cellulose and its structural organization, as well as the nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials, are first addressed. Key examples of nature-designed materials with unique characteristics, such as “eternal” coloration and water-induced movement are presented. The production of biomimetic fiber and 2D fiber-based cellulosic materials that have attracted significant attention within the scientific community are represented. Nature-inspired materials with a focus on functionality and response to an external stimulus are reported. Some examples of 3D-printed cellulosic materials bioinspired, reported recently in the literature, are addressed. Finally, printed cellulosic materials that morph from a 1D strand or 2D surface into a 3D shape, in response to an external stimulus, are reported. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most recent developments in the field of “nature-inspired” cellulose-based active materials regarding design, manufacturing, and inspirational sources that feature existing tendencies.","PeriodicalId":14998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biosciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74011598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.3390/applbiosci2010008
Yousif Abdullah Abas, A. Eroğlu, Abdullah Dalar, M. Türker, F. Ozdemir, Gaweł Sołowski
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a low-height perennial or biennial herb from the family of Asteraceae. Investigation of different in vitro regeneration strategies of Cichorium intybus and increasing the number of secondary metabolites in vitro regenerated plant samples were the aims of the research. Callus and plant regenerations were achieved in basal plant growth media supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGRs). Whole plant regeneration was carried out by direct organogenesis from leaf explant in Murashige and Skoog (MS) and B5 media supplemented with naphthalene acetic (NAA) acid and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest callus quantity was produced in MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP). The combination and concentrations of PGRs used in MS and B5 media not only provided root and shoot formation with callus, but also caused a change in the amounts of phenolic components. In addition, some PGRs used caused an increase in the number of phenolic compounds in callus and shoots developed from the leaf explant. When plants that grow in vitro and in vivo are compared with each other, it has been determined that plants grown in vivo contain higher amounts of some phenolic compounds. In vivo and in vitro samples were extracted in ethanol/water (80:20 v/v). The analysis of phenolic compounds (caftaric, chicoric, and chlorogenic acids and esculin) were performed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inulin was in UV spectrophotometry. The caftaric and chlorogenic acids and inulin concentrations were higher in vivo samples than that in vitro. Contrarily, esculin, and chicoric acid concentrations were higher in the in vitro regenerated samples. The higher concentration of valuable compounds in the in vitro regenerated samples, especially in callus tissue, gives hope for large-scale production of secondary metabolites under laboratory conditions.
{"title":"Phenolic Compound Production Increased In Vitro Regenerated Cichorium intybus L.","authors":"Yousif Abdullah Abas, A. Eroğlu, Abdullah Dalar, M. Türker, F. Ozdemir, Gaweł Sołowski","doi":"10.3390/applbiosci2010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci2010008","url":null,"abstract":"Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a low-height perennial or biennial herb from the family of Asteraceae. Investigation of different in vitro regeneration strategies of Cichorium intybus and increasing the number of secondary metabolites in vitro regenerated plant samples were the aims of the research. Callus and plant regenerations were achieved in basal plant growth media supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGRs). Whole plant regeneration was carried out by direct organogenesis from leaf explant in Murashige and Skoog (MS) and B5 media supplemented with naphthalene acetic (NAA) acid and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest callus quantity was produced in MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP). The combination and concentrations of PGRs used in MS and B5 media not only provided root and shoot formation with callus, but also caused a change in the amounts of phenolic components. In addition, some PGRs used caused an increase in the number of phenolic compounds in callus and shoots developed from the leaf explant. When plants that grow in vitro and in vivo are compared with each other, it has been determined that plants grown in vivo contain higher amounts of some phenolic compounds. In vivo and in vitro samples were extracted in ethanol/water (80:20 v/v). The analysis of phenolic compounds (caftaric, chicoric, and chlorogenic acids and esculin) were performed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inulin was in UV spectrophotometry. The caftaric and chlorogenic acids and inulin concentrations were higher in vivo samples than that in vitro. Contrarily, esculin, and chicoric acid concentrations were higher in the in vitro regenerated samples. The higher concentration of valuable compounds in the in vitro regenerated samples, especially in callus tissue, gives hope for large-scale production of secondary metabolites under laboratory conditions.","PeriodicalId":14998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biosciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80821435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.3390/applbiosci2010007
Xuchao Zhang, N. Saul, Thora Lieke, Yi Chen, Min Wu, B. Pan, C. Steinberg
As an effective soil amendment, biochars require a comprehensive ecological evaluation before they can be widely used in agriculture because endogenous contaminants, such as environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), certainly pose an ecological risk to soil invertebrates. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model organism to investigate the neurotoxicity of two rice straw biochars pyrolyzed at 500 and 700 °C. After 24 h exposure to unwashed biochar, washed biochar, and leaching fluids (supernatants), the neurobehavioral parameters of C. elegans were determined in a liquid toxicity test. The results showed that the washed 700 °C biochar particles significantly impaired locomotion and prolonged the defecation interval at a biochar concentration of 4 g·well−1, while the unwashed biochar and supernatants caused no apparent impairment. Supporting this, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results showed that the intensity of EPFRs in unwashed 700 °C biochar was stronger than that of the corresponding washed particles. This indicates that, in the liquid test, the EPR signal alone is not indicative of particle toxicity. The accessibility and activity of the EPFRs should be considered. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was observed in the leaching fluids. The neurotoxic activity of the washed biochar was alleviated after the re-addition of leaching fluids to the washed biochar, suggesting that the dissolved organic materials modulate the reactivity of the EPFRs in the liquid phase. This study suggests that the leaching process may increase the risk of biochar when used in the field environment.
{"title":"Biochar Extracts Can Modulate the Toxicity of Persistent Free Radicals in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"Xuchao Zhang, N. Saul, Thora Lieke, Yi Chen, Min Wu, B. Pan, C. Steinberg","doi":"10.3390/applbiosci2010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci2010007","url":null,"abstract":"As an effective soil amendment, biochars require a comprehensive ecological evaluation before they can be widely used in agriculture because endogenous contaminants, such as environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), certainly pose an ecological risk to soil invertebrates. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model organism to investigate the neurotoxicity of two rice straw biochars pyrolyzed at 500 and 700 °C. After 24 h exposure to unwashed biochar, washed biochar, and leaching fluids (supernatants), the neurobehavioral parameters of C. elegans were determined in a liquid toxicity test. The results showed that the washed 700 °C biochar particles significantly impaired locomotion and prolonged the defecation interval at a biochar concentration of 4 g·well−1, while the unwashed biochar and supernatants caused no apparent impairment. Supporting this, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results showed that the intensity of EPFRs in unwashed 700 °C biochar was stronger than that of the corresponding washed particles. This indicates that, in the liquid test, the EPR signal alone is not indicative of particle toxicity. The accessibility and activity of the EPFRs should be considered. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was observed in the leaching fluids. The neurotoxic activity of the washed biochar was alleviated after the re-addition of leaching fluids to the washed biochar, suggesting that the dissolved organic materials modulate the reactivity of the EPFRs in the liquid phase. This study suggests that the leaching process may increase the risk of biochar when used in the field environment.","PeriodicalId":14998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biosciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89294318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Sankara, F. Sankara, Salimata Pousga, K. Coulibaly, J. Nacoulma, Hawa Fatilata Sanou, Zakaria Ilboudo, I. Ouedraogo, Ernest Salou, I. Somda, M. Kenis
Objectifs : Cette étude avait pour objectif, d’apprécier l’évolution des perceptions des agro-éleveurs sur la production des asticots et leur utilisation dans l’alimentation de la volaille au Burkina Faso. Méthodologie et résultats : Deux enquêtes à travers des interviews individuelles ont été réalisées dans les villages de Gombélédougou et de Siniéna auprès de 100 agro-éleveurs lors de la première (avant la formation sur la production et l’utilisation des asticots) et de 114 agro-éleveurs au cours de la deuxième (une année après la formation). Les résultats ont révélé qu’avant la formation, 12% des agro-éleveurs enquêtés produisaient déjà les asticots à Gombélédougou contre 38% à Siniéna. L’enquête réalisée après la formation a révélé que le taux d'acceptation des méthodes de production des asticots était de 100% à Siniéna et de 55% à Gombélédougou. Conclusions et application des résultats : Les agro-éleveurs des deux villages enquêtés ont constaté des améliorations dans l’élevage de leurs volailles grâce à l’usage des asticots. Ces améliorations sont entre autres la croissance rapide et l'augmentation du poids de la volaille nourrie aux asticots ainsi que l’augmentation du revenu des agro-éleveurs. La contrainte majeure liée à la production des asticots à Gombélédougou, est le manque de temps tandis qu’à Siniéna, il s’agit du manque de substrat et d'espace approprié. Pour pallier à cela, les substrats disponibles dans chaque localité peuvent être utilisés pour produire les asticots, tout en améliorant les moins productifs avec des attractifs. Ainsi, la majorité des agro-éleveurs ont adopté les méthodes de production et d’utilisation des asticots dans l’alimentation de la volaille. Cependant, un renforcement des capacités de ces derniers à travers d’autres séances de formation et de sensibilisation, serait un atout pour une meilleure adoption des méthodes de production des asticots. Mots clés : Perception des agro-éleveurs, asticots, protéines, alimentation de la volaille, Burkina Faso. Evolution of agro-pastoralists' perceptions on maggot production and use in poultry feed ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of agro-pastoralists' perceptions on maggot production and their use in poultry feed in Burkina Faso. Methodology and results: Two surveys were carried out in the villages of Gombélédougou and Siniéna, involving 100 agro-pastoralists in the first survey (before the training on maggot production and use) and 114 agro-pastoralists in the second survey (one year after the training). The results revealed that before the training, 12% of the agro-pastoralists surveyed were already producing maggots in Gombélédougou, compared to 38% in Siniéna. The post-training survey revealed that the acceptance rate of maggot production methods was 100% in Siniéna and 54.76% in Gombélédougou. Conclusions and application of results: Agro-pastoralists in the two villages surveyed noted improvements in their poultry rearin
{"title":"Évolution des perceptions des agro-éleveurs sur la production et l’utilisation des asticots dans l’alimentation de la volaille au Burkina Faso","authors":"F. Sankara, F. Sankara, Salimata Pousga, K. Coulibaly, J. Nacoulma, Hawa Fatilata Sanou, Zakaria Ilboudo, I. Ouedraogo, Ernest Salou, I. Somda, M. Kenis","doi":"10.35759/jabs.182.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35759/jabs.182.8","url":null,"abstract":"Objectifs : Cette étude avait pour objectif, d’apprécier l’évolution des perceptions des agro-éleveurs sur la production des asticots et leur utilisation dans l’alimentation de la volaille au Burkina Faso. Méthodologie et résultats : Deux enquêtes à travers des interviews individuelles ont été réalisées dans les villages de Gombélédougou et de Siniéna auprès de 100 agro-éleveurs lors de la première (avant la formation sur la production et l’utilisation des asticots) et de 114 agro-éleveurs au cours de la deuxième (une année après la formation). Les résultats ont révélé qu’avant la formation, 12% des agro-éleveurs enquêtés produisaient déjà les asticots à Gombélédougou contre 38% à Siniéna. L’enquête réalisée après la formation a révélé que le taux d'acceptation des méthodes de production des asticots était de 100% à Siniéna et de 55% à Gombélédougou. Conclusions et application des résultats : Les agro-éleveurs des deux villages enquêtés ont constaté des améliorations dans l’élevage de leurs volailles grâce à l’usage des asticots. Ces améliorations sont entre autres la croissance rapide et l'augmentation du poids de la volaille nourrie aux asticots ainsi que l’augmentation du revenu des agro-éleveurs. La contrainte majeure liée à la production des asticots à Gombélédougou, est le manque de temps tandis qu’à Siniéna, il s’agit du manque de substrat et d'espace approprié. Pour pallier à cela, les substrats disponibles dans chaque localité peuvent être utilisés pour produire les asticots, tout en améliorant les moins productifs avec des attractifs. Ainsi, la majorité des agro-éleveurs ont adopté les méthodes de production et d’utilisation des asticots dans l’alimentation de la volaille. Cependant, un renforcement des capacités de ces derniers à travers d’autres séances de formation et de sensibilisation, serait un atout pour une meilleure adoption des méthodes de production des asticots. Mots clés : Perception des agro-éleveurs, asticots, protéines, alimentation de la volaille, Burkina Faso. Evolution of agro-pastoralists' perceptions on maggot production and use in poultry feed ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of agro-pastoralists' perceptions on maggot production and their use in poultry feed in Burkina Faso. Methodology and results: Two surveys were carried out in the villages of Gombélédougou and Siniéna, involving 100 agro-pastoralists in the first survey (before the training on maggot production and use) and 114 agro-pastoralists in the second survey (one year after the training). The results revealed that before the training, 12% of the agro-pastoralists surveyed were already producing maggots in Gombélédougou, compared to 38% in Siniéna. The post-training survey revealed that the acceptance rate of maggot production methods was 100% in Siniéna and 54.76% in Gombélédougou. Conclusions and application of results: Agro-pastoralists in the two villages surveyed noted improvements in their poultry rearin","PeriodicalId":14998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biosciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87080831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.3390/applbiosci2010006
Gus R. Mcfarlane, C. Whitelaw, S. Lillico
Scientists have long sought a technology to humanely control populations of damaging invasive pests in a species-specific manner. Gene drive technology could see this become a reality. This review charts the twists and turns on the road to developing gene drives in vertebrates. We focus on rodents, as these will likely be the first targets, and trace the journey from the early understanding of selfish genetic elements to engineering gene drives in mice; before discussing future research focuses and the crucial role that public perception and governance will play in the application of this technology. The realisation of robust gene drive strategies in vertebrate pests has the potential to revolutionise biocontrol.
{"title":"Gene Drive: Past, Present and Future Roads to Vertebrate Biocontrol","authors":"Gus R. Mcfarlane, C. Whitelaw, S. Lillico","doi":"10.3390/applbiosci2010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci2010006","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists have long sought a technology to humanely control populations of damaging invasive pests in a species-specific manner. Gene drive technology could see this become a reality. This review charts the twists and turns on the road to developing gene drives in vertebrates. We focus on rodents, as these will likely be the first targets, and trace the journey from the early understanding of selfish genetic elements to engineering gene drives in mice; before discussing future research focuses and the crucial role that public perception and governance will play in the application of this technology. The realisation of robust gene drive strategies in vertebrate pests has the potential to revolutionise biocontrol.","PeriodicalId":14998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biosciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80165511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.3390/applbiosci2010005
I. P. Siba, B. Martynhak, Marcela Pereira
The literature on the crosstalk between the brain and the gut has increased considerably in recent years. It is widely accepted now that the microbiome plays a significant role in several brain disorders, neurodevelopment, neurocognitive stages, and physiological functions. However, the mechanisms that influence such crosstalk are still not well elucidated. In this sense, one of the possible mechanisms by which the microbiome could influence brain function is through gut hormones released by enteroendocrine cells: ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucagon-like peptide (GLP1-2), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), secretin, serotonin (5-HT), and oxytocin. Especially when one considers that the brain expresses receptors for these hormones in areas important to the neurobiology of brain disorders (e.g., depression), such as the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. To strengthen this hypothesis, gastrointestinal dysfunction (such as altered motility or pain) is relatively common in depressive patients, and changes in diet (low-carbohydrate diets, for example) positively affect mood. Additionally, alterations in the gut microbiome are relatively common in depressive patients and are related to the levels of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia and Clostridium. Finally, concerning the gut-released hormones, the literature reports that ghrelin can be a peripheral marker for the antidepressant treatment success rate and has elevated levels during depression. GLP-1 is tightly correlated with HPA axis activity being decreased by high cortisol levels. CCK seems to be altered in depression due to increased inflammation and activation of Toll-like receptor 4. Such finds allow the postulation that hormones, the microbiome and mood are intertwined and co-dependent. VIP is correlated with circadian rhythms. There is a bidirectional connection of the circadian rhythms between the host and the microbiota. Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with both poor outcomes in mental health and alterations in the microbiota composition. In sum, in the past year, more and more research has been published showing the tight connection between gut and brain health and trying to decipher the feedback in play. Here, we focus on depression.
{"title":"When Gut Hormones Influence Brain Function in Depression","authors":"I. P. Siba, B. Martynhak, Marcela Pereira","doi":"10.3390/applbiosci2010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci2010005","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on the crosstalk between the brain and the gut has increased considerably in recent years. It is widely accepted now that the microbiome plays a significant role in several brain disorders, neurodevelopment, neurocognitive stages, and physiological functions. However, the mechanisms that influence such crosstalk are still not well elucidated. In this sense, one of the possible mechanisms by which the microbiome could influence brain function is through gut hormones released by enteroendocrine cells: ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucagon-like peptide (GLP1-2), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), secretin, serotonin (5-HT), and oxytocin. Especially when one considers that the brain expresses receptors for these hormones in areas important to the neurobiology of brain disorders (e.g., depression), such as the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. To strengthen this hypothesis, gastrointestinal dysfunction (such as altered motility or pain) is relatively common in depressive patients, and changes in diet (low-carbohydrate diets, for example) positively affect mood. Additionally, alterations in the gut microbiome are relatively common in depressive patients and are related to the levels of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia and Clostridium. Finally, concerning the gut-released hormones, the literature reports that ghrelin can be a peripheral marker for the antidepressant treatment success rate and has elevated levels during depression. GLP-1 is tightly correlated with HPA axis activity being decreased by high cortisol levels. CCK seems to be altered in depression due to increased inflammation and activation of Toll-like receptor 4. Such finds allow the postulation that hormones, the microbiome and mood are intertwined and co-dependent. VIP is correlated with circadian rhythms. There is a bidirectional connection of the circadian rhythms between the host and the microbiota. Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with both poor outcomes in mental health and alterations in the microbiota composition. In sum, in the past year, more and more research has been published showing the tight connection between gut and brain health and trying to decipher the feedback in play. Here, we focus on depression.","PeriodicalId":14998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biosciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80208288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Ehnon Gongnet, R. Vihotogbe, Tranquillin Affossogbe Sédjro Antoine, R. G. Glèlè Kakaï
Objective: It is well known that some data features (sample size, skewness, among others) may determine method performance. The choice of those features depends on the researcher’s level of awareness on the statistical method. In this study, the level of awareness on the influence of spatial data key characteristics (sample size, skewness, spatial dependency and variogram model) in Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) was analyzed. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted that covers the period from 1990 (year of BME introduction) to 2019. Two main keywords “Bayesian Maximum Entropy” and “BME” were used for literature search. Publications which only mentioned the keywords without applying BME were excluded while those with application and/or BME theory discussion were considered. Six of the world’s leading Open Access sources of scientific literature were considered, namely: Science Direct, African Journals Online, Springer, Google Scholar, MPDI and Academic Journals. A total of 118 research articles from 62 journals were identified. The sample sizes screened shows that 25.4% of the published articles used few samples (less than 100), which implies the variogram might not yield accurate results. The analysis of the use of skewness showed that most researchers do not apply transformation on skewed data (82.2%) nor consider skewness in their descriptive statistics (90.7%). Even though 11% of theoretical papers have mentioned about spatial dependency level, 92.4% of them failed to consider it. Most researchers (68.64%) do not specify the variogram models but when they do, they mostly use exponential model (12.7%). It clearly appears in this review that most researchers do not consider the effect of sample size, skewness, and spatial dependency level when applying BME. Yet very few research works have focused on these aspects. This therefore calls for more in-depth studies on the effect of data characteristics on BME’s performance. Keywords: Bayesian Maximum Entropy, sample size, skewness, spatial dependency
{"title":"Practical considerations on data patterns in Bayesian Maximum Entropy Estimation: A systematic and critical review","authors":"Emmanuel Ehnon Gongnet, R. Vihotogbe, Tranquillin Affossogbe Sédjro Antoine, R. G. Glèlè Kakaï","doi":"10.35759/jabs.181.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35759/jabs.181.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: It is well known that some data features (sample size, skewness, among others) may determine method performance. The choice of those features depends on the researcher’s level of awareness on the statistical method. In this study, the level of awareness on the influence of spatial data key characteristics (sample size, skewness, spatial dependency and variogram model) in Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) was analyzed. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted that covers the period from 1990 (year of BME introduction) to 2019. Two main keywords “Bayesian Maximum Entropy” and “BME” were used for literature search. Publications which only mentioned the keywords without applying BME were excluded while those with application and/or BME theory discussion were considered. Six of the world’s leading Open Access sources of scientific literature were considered, namely: Science Direct, African Journals Online, Springer, Google Scholar, MPDI and Academic Journals. A total of 118 research articles from 62 journals were identified. The sample sizes screened shows that 25.4% of the published articles used few samples (less than 100), which implies the variogram might not yield accurate results. The analysis of the use of skewness showed that most researchers do not apply transformation on skewed data (82.2%) nor consider skewness in their descriptive statistics (90.7%). Even though 11% of theoretical papers have mentioned about spatial dependency level, 92.4% of them failed to consider it. Most researchers (68.64%) do not specify the variogram models but when they do, they mostly use exponential model (12.7%). It clearly appears in this review that most researchers do not consider the effect of sample size, skewness, and spatial dependency level when applying BME. Yet very few research works have focused on these aspects. This therefore calls for more in-depth studies on the effect of data characteristics on BME’s performance. Keywords: Bayesian Maximum Entropy, sample size, skewness, spatial dependency","PeriodicalId":14998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biosciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87171147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-29DOI: 10.3390/applbiosci2010004
Hironaga Akita, Y. Shinto, Z. Kimura
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metal alloys is promoted by biofilms formed on metal surfaces. In the marine environment, MIC causes serious metal infrastructure problems, which lead to significant economic losses. In this study, we used an enrichment culture approach to examine the bacterial community that grows on metal surface at levels below the detection limit as a preliminary study for developing guidelines to prevent biofilm formation. An enrichment culture approach was employed to analyze the bacterial community on metal surface without biofilms and corrosion. Genomic DNA was extracted from culture sample after incubation in the enrichment culture with a metal piece, and then the V3–V4 variable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were amplified using the extracted genomic DNA as the template. Subsequently, using a next-generation sequencing approach, the amplified V3–V4 regions were sequenced, and the bacterial community was analyzed using the QIIME 2 microbiome bioinformatics platform. Using this enrichment culture approach, more than 80 bacterial genera were detected with Sphingomonas bacteria exhibiting the highest relative abundance (44%). These results demonstrated that this method could be useful for bacterial community analysis for bacteria below detection limits, and will serve as a basis for the development of the guidelines.
{"title":"Analysis of the Bacterial Community of Metal Scrap Using an Enrichment Culture Approach","authors":"Hironaga Akita, Y. Shinto, Z. Kimura","doi":"10.3390/applbiosci2010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci2010004","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metal alloys is promoted by biofilms formed on metal surfaces. In the marine environment, MIC causes serious metal infrastructure problems, which lead to significant economic losses. In this study, we used an enrichment culture approach to examine the bacterial community that grows on metal surface at levels below the detection limit as a preliminary study for developing guidelines to prevent biofilm formation. An enrichment culture approach was employed to analyze the bacterial community on metal surface without biofilms and corrosion. Genomic DNA was extracted from culture sample after incubation in the enrichment culture with a metal piece, and then the V3–V4 variable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were amplified using the extracted genomic DNA as the template. Subsequently, using a next-generation sequencing approach, the amplified V3–V4 regions were sequenced, and the bacterial community was analyzed using the QIIME 2 microbiome bioinformatics platform. Using this enrichment culture approach, more than 80 bacterial genera were detected with Sphingomonas bacteria exhibiting the highest relative abundance (44%). These results demonstrated that this method could be useful for bacterial community analysis for bacteria below detection limits, and will serve as a basis for the development of the guidelines.","PeriodicalId":14998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biosciences","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78649625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.3390/applbiosci2010003
High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]
高质量的学术出版建立在严格的同行评审的基础上[…]
{"title":"Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Applied Biosciences in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.3390/applbiosci2010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci2010003","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]","PeriodicalId":14998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88574001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.3390/applbiosci2010002
Angelica Naka, Midori Kurahashi
Microalgae are a source of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Thus, they can be considered as raw material to transition from current fossil fuel-based refineries to biorefineries. Microalgae harvesting is considered a major challenge in biomass production. There are several harvesting techniques, but the majority of them are either expensive or not effective. The harvesting method that we propose is sedimentation-induced by light blockage, taking advantage of the motility characteristics of certain microalgae. In this research, the halophilic microalgae Dunaliella salina was selected. Experiments were conducted under light and dark conditions to compare the sedimentation rates. Sedimentation behavior was measured by collecting data on the optical density and cell count under both light and dark conditions. The results showed that, under light conditions, the cell count in the middle of the flask decreased from 1 × 106 cell/mL to 5 × 104 cell/mL after 50 days. Under dark conditions sedimentation took less than 10 days for complete settlement. Leaving Dunaliella salina under dark conditions may constitute a promising harvest method as this provides a high recovery rate and requires low energy.
{"title":"Sedimentation Rate of Dunaliella salina in Dark Conditions","authors":"Angelica Naka, Midori Kurahashi","doi":"10.3390/applbiosci2010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci2010002","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae are a source of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Thus, they can be considered as raw material to transition from current fossil fuel-based refineries to biorefineries. Microalgae harvesting is considered a major challenge in biomass production. There are several harvesting techniques, but the majority of them are either expensive or not effective. The harvesting method that we propose is sedimentation-induced by light blockage, taking advantage of the motility characteristics of certain microalgae. In this research, the halophilic microalgae Dunaliella salina was selected. Experiments were conducted under light and dark conditions to compare the sedimentation rates. Sedimentation behavior was measured by collecting data on the optical density and cell count under both light and dark conditions. The results showed that, under light conditions, the cell count in the middle of the flask decreased from 1 × 106 cell/mL to 5 × 104 cell/mL after 50 days. Under dark conditions sedimentation took less than 10 days for complete settlement. Leaving Dunaliella salina under dark conditions may constitute a promising harvest method as this provides a high recovery rate and requires low energy.","PeriodicalId":14998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86924079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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