Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2164651
A. Gradišek, Jani Bizjak, Aleksej Popovski, J. Grad
Abstract Careful control of brood temperature is important for successful colony development in social insects. Six bumble bee colonies of six common Central European species (B. hypnorum, B. hortorum, B. argillaceus, B. pascuorum, B. humilis, B. sylvarum) were continuously monitored for several weeks. We recorded the brood temperature as well as the air temperature in the nest and outside once per minute using a homemade electronic setup. Two colonies succeeded in producing new queens and males during the measurement period while the other four colonies were attacked by parasites at some point during the equilibrium stage. We discuss the nest thermoregulation in view of species and the number of workers in the colony. The results show that the strongest colonies were able to maintain very stable brood temperature over longer periods (standard deviations below 0.5 °C), which is in agreement with previous studies. Colonies with 25 or more workers typically kept the standard deviation below 1 °C. There are two main contributions to the paper. First, we discuss the applicability of a multi-sensor monitoring setup for an outdoor study. Second, due to fast temperature sampling, we were able to observe different thermoregulation strategies that colonies may apply, including keeping the temperature above 31 °C at night and letting it rise during the day in B. argillaceus and short heating cycles in B. sylvarum.
摘要在群居昆虫中，精心控制孵化温度对群体发育的成功至关重要。对中欧常见的6种大黄蜂(B. hypnorum, B. hortorum, B. argillaceus, B. pascuorum, B. humilis, B. sylvarum)的6个蜂群进行了数周的连续监测。我们使用自制的电子装置每分钟记录一次窝内温度以及巢内和巢外的空气温度。在测量期间，两个蜂群成功产生了新的蜂王和雄蜂，而另外四个蜂群在平衡阶段的某个时候受到了寄生虫的攻击。我们从蚁群的种类和工蜂数量的角度讨论了蚁巢的温度调节。结果表明，最强的菌落能够在较长时间内保持非常稳定的孵化温度(标准偏差低于0.5°C)，这与先前的研究一致。有25个或更多工蚁的菌落通常将标准偏差保持在1°C以下。这篇论文有两个主要贡献。首先，我们讨论了多传感器监测装置在户外研究中的适用性。其次，由于快速温度采样，我们能够观察到菌落可能采用的不同温度调节策略，包括B. argillaceus夜间温度保持在31°C以上，白天温度升高，B. sylvarum加热周期短。
{"title":"Bumble bee nest thermoregulation: a field study","authors":"A. Gradišek, Jani Bizjak, Aleksej Popovski, J. Grad","doi":"10.1080/00218839.2022.2164651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2022.2164651","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Careful control of brood temperature is important for successful colony development in social insects. Six bumble bee colonies of six common Central European species (B. hypnorum, B. hortorum, B. argillaceus, B. pascuorum, B. humilis, B. sylvarum) were continuously monitored for several weeks. We recorded the brood temperature as well as the air temperature in the nest and outside once per minute using a homemade electronic setup. Two colonies succeeded in producing new queens and males during the measurement period while the other four colonies were attacked by parasites at some point during the equilibrium stage. We discuss the nest thermoregulation in view of species and the number of workers in the colony. The results show that the strongest colonies were able to maintain very stable brood temperature over longer periods (standard deviations below 0.5 °C), which is in agreement with previous studies. Colonies with 25 or more workers typically kept the standard deviation below 1 °C. There are two main contributions to the paper. First, we discuss the applicability of a multi-sensor monitoring setup for an outdoor study. Second, due to fast temperature sampling, we were able to observe different thermoregulation strategies that colonies may apply, including keeping the temperature above 31 °C at night and letting it rise during the day in B. argillaceus and short heating cycles in B. sylvarum.","PeriodicalId":15006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"634 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43911879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2158586
Selina Bruckner, Mikayla E. Wilson, D. Aurell, Karen Rennich, D. vanEngelsdorp, Nathalie Steinhauer, Geoffrey R. Williams
Abstract Beekeepers in the United States have experienced high losses of managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies for more than a decade. Long-term, multi-year monitoring efforts are crucial to provide a temporal and spatial context to these losses. To document and explain these losses, the Bee Informed Partnership has conducted national surveys on managed honey bee colonies since spring 2011, continuing the work of surveys first commissioned by the Apiary Inspectors of America in spring 2007. Here we present survey results from three years – 2017–18, 2018–19, and 2019–20. Each year, colony loss rates were estimated and compared among three loss periods – summer, winter, and annual – and three beekeeping operation types based on their number of colonies managed – backyard (≤50 colonies), sideline (51-500 colonies), and commercial (>500 colonies). At the national level, we recorded the highest winter colony loss rates (37.7%) in 2018–2019, while 2019 marked the year with the highest summer losses (32.1%). As documented in past surveys, we observed that smaller scale backyard beekeepers experienced the highest winter loss rates when compared to the larger operation types. Similarly, commercial beekeepers experienced higher loss rates during the summer compared to the other operation types. Overall, our results highlight the temporal variability, specifically among loss periods and years, of colony loss rates in the United States, and suggest a strong effect of beekeeping operation size.
{"title":"A national survey of managed honey bee colony losses in the USA: results from the Bee Informed Partnership for 2017–18, 2018–19, and 2019–20","authors":"Selina Bruckner, Mikayla E. Wilson, D. Aurell, Karen Rennich, D. vanEngelsdorp, Nathalie Steinhauer, Geoffrey R. Williams","doi":"10.1080/00218839.2022.2158586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2022.2158586","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Beekeepers in the United States have experienced high losses of managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies for more than a decade. Long-term, multi-year monitoring efforts are crucial to provide a temporal and spatial context to these losses. To document and explain these losses, the Bee Informed Partnership has conducted national surveys on managed honey bee colonies since spring 2011, continuing the work of surveys first commissioned by the Apiary Inspectors of America in spring 2007. Here we present survey results from three years – 2017–18, 2018–19, and 2019–20. Each year, colony loss rates were estimated and compared among three loss periods – summer, winter, and annual – and three beekeeping operation types based on their number of colonies managed – backyard (≤50 colonies), sideline (51-500 colonies), and commercial (>500 colonies). At the national level, we recorded the highest winter colony loss rates (37.7%) in 2018–2019, while 2019 marked the year with the highest summer losses (32.1%). As documented in past surveys, we observed that smaller scale backyard beekeepers experienced the highest winter loss rates when compared to the larger operation types. Similarly, commercial beekeepers experienced higher loss rates during the summer compared to the other operation types. Overall, our results highlight the temporal variability, specifically among loss periods and years, of colony loss rates in the United States, and suggest a strong effect of beekeeping operation size.","PeriodicalId":15006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"429 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42294779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2157582
Z. Can, Y. Kara, S. Kolaylı, I. Çakmak
{"title":"Antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of propolis from Marmara region, Turkey","authors":"Z. Can, Y. Kara, S. Kolaylı, I. Çakmak","doi":"10.1080/00218839.2022.2157582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2022.2157582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47516839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2154014
Panuwan Chantawannaku, R. Brodschneider, O. Bobiș, M. Parejo, M. Bouga
{"title":"Special Issue: Review Articles on Different Topics in Apidology","authors":"Panuwan Chantawannaku, R. Brodschneider, O. Bobiș, M. Parejo, M. Bouga","doi":"10.1080/00218839.2022.2154014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2022.2154014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48616225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2153485
Mária Rusnáková, J. Hrouzek, S. Hrouzková
Abstract Pollen is a set of pollen grains with a microscopic structure derived from plants. In addition to being the main source of nutrition for bees, pollen has also recently become an important part of the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Pollen is gaining attention as a functional food as well as an important sample that has the potential to bioindicate the presence of contaminants in the environment, enabling monitoring of large areas due to the long distances traveled by bees. Pollen matrix is complex and complicated for analysis, therefore, its influence on analytes in samples must be considered. High yields of pesticide residues can be ensured by selecting a suitable sample preparation method, which includes extraction of analytes and purification of extract. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS), which is the most applicable method for the determination of pesticide residues in bee pollen samples, includes an extraction step using extraction salts (MgSO4, NaCl) whose function is to separate the aqueous phase from the organic phase. The next step of QuEChERS is sample purification by using dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE). The dSPE method combines various sorbents depending on the type of analytes and the effects of the observed matrix. Other techniques used to extract pesticide residues from bee pollen are ultrasonic-assisted extraction, solid phase matrix dispersion, and the mini-salt-liquid extraction technique (SALLE). Gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) is most commonly used in combination with mass spectrometry (MS/(MS)) employing various mass analysers to determine pesticides.
{"title":"Present state and perspectives in analytical methods for pesticide residues analysis in bee pollen: an overview","authors":"Mária Rusnáková, J. Hrouzek, S. Hrouzková","doi":"10.1080/00218839.2022.2153485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2022.2153485","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pollen is a set of pollen grains with a microscopic structure derived from plants. In addition to being the main source of nutrition for bees, pollen has also recently become an important part of the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Pollen is gaining attention as a functional food as well as an important sample that has the potential to bioindicate the presence of contaminants in the environment, enabling monitoring of large areas due to the long distances traveled by bees. Pollen matrix is complex and complicated for analysis, therefore, its influence on analytes in samples must be considered. High yields of pesticide residues can be ensured by selecting a suitable sample preparation method, which includes extraction of analytes and purification of extract. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS), which is the most applicable method for the determination of pesticide residues in bee pollen samples, includes an extraction step using extraction salts (MgSO4, NaCl) whose function is to separate the aqueous phase from the organic phase. The next step of QuEChERS is sample purification by using dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE). The dSPE method combines various sorbents depending on the type of analytes and the effects of the observed matrix. Other techniques used to extract pesticide residues from bee pollen are ultrasonic-assisted extraction, solid phase matrix dispersion, and the mini-salt-liquid extraction technique (SALLE). Gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) is most commonly used in combination with mass spectrometry (MS/(MS)) employing various mass analysers to determine pesticides.","PeriodicalId":15006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"76 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49257068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2154474
Guido Laércio Bragança Castagnino, A. Meana, M. T. Cutuli de Simón, Luis Fernando Batista Pinto
Abstract Propolis contains substances with antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and immune-stimulatory action and is used in the defense of the colony against microorganisms and parasites. The present study is a systematic review of the use of propolis in bee health and in prevention against the main bee pathogens. A search was performed in databases from 01/01/2009 to 30/04/2020. After applying the criteria, 23 articles were included in the review that investigated the use of propolis to prevent the ectoparasite Varroa destructor, the microsporidium Nosema ceranae, the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, and the fungus Ascosphaera apis. Of these, nine manuscripts reported the bactericidal effect of propolis against P. larvae (39.13%), and two of these studies simultaneously investigated the fungus A. apis. In total, eight were conducted in vitro and one in the field. Six articles related propolis to acaricidal effect in combating the parasite V. destructor (26.08%), four of which were in vitro and two field experiments. Five studies related propolis to combat the microsporidium N. ceranae (21.73%), all of which were carried out in vitro. Two articles were found (one in vitro and the other in the field) that generically related the importance of the physicochemical composition of propolis to bee immunology and defense against its main pathogens. One study investigated the fungal effect of propolis on the pathogen A. apis in a field experiment. In conclusion, scientific production on this subject is sparse, warranting further research in the field to examine the effects of propolis on bee health.
{"title":"Propolis and its effects on bee diseases and pests: a systematic review","authors":"Guido Laércio Bragança Castagnino, A. Meana, M. T. Cutuli de Simón, Luis Fernando Batista Pinto","doi":"10.1080/00218839.2022.2154474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2022.2154474","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Propolis contains substances with antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and immune-stimulatory action and is used in the defense of the colony against microorganisms and parasites. The present study is a systematic review of the use of propolis in bee health and in prevention against the main bee pathogens. A search was performed in databases from 01/01/2009 to 30/04/2020. After applying the criteria, 23 articles were included in the review that investigated the use of propolis to prevent the ectoparasite Varroa destructor, the microsporidium Nosema ceranae, the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, and the fungus Ascosphaera apis. Of these, nine manuscripts reported the bactericidal effect of propolis against P. larvae (39.13%), and two of these studies simultaneously investigated the fungus A. apis. In total, eight were conducted in vitro and one in the field. Six articles related propolis to acaricidal effect in combating the parasite V. destructor (26.08%), four of which were in vitro and two field experiments. Five studies related propolis to combat the microsporidium N. ceranae (21.73%), all of which were carried out in vitro. Two articles were found (one in vitro and the other in the field) that generically related the importance of the physicochemical composition of propolis to bee immunology and defense against its main pathogens. One study investigated the fungal effect of propolis on the pathogen A. apis in a field experiment. In conclusion, scientific production on this subject is sparse, warranting further research in the field to examine the effects of propolis on bee health.","PeriodicalId":15006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"171 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41360898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2147710
Reza Andyshe, J. Nazemi-Rafie, M. Maleki, F. Fatehi
{"title":"Comparative proteomics analysis of the head proteins of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) in production stage of royal jelly","authors":"Reza Andyshe, J. Nazemi-Rafie, M. Maleki, F. Fatehi","doi":"10.1080/00218839.2022.2147710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2022.2147710","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42105779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2153486
Fadina Amran, M. A. Ahmad Zaini
Abstract There has been a growing interest in non-honey products of stingless bees due to their high medicinal and therapeutic properties. Therefore, meliponiculture opens the opportunity for propolis, bee bread, and bee pollen to enter the commercial market as their therapeutic values are comparable to the honey itself. Among others, propolis and bee bread are of great potential and market demand. They possess high nutritional values and medicinal properties including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial. This mini-review is aimed to highlight the state-of-the-art of processing and extraction methods, applications, and nutritional values of several stingless bees’ non-honey foods. The current patterns and challenges are discussed to bring insight into future research directions in this field.
{"title":"On the view of stingless bees’ non-honey foods","authors":"Fadina Amran, M. A. Ahmad Zaini","doi":"10.1080/00218839.2022.2153486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2022.2153486","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There has been a growing interest in non-honey products of stingless bees due to their high medicinal and therapeutic properties. Therefore, meliponiculture opens the opportunity for propolis, bee bread, and bee pollen to enter the commercial market as their therapeutic values are comparable to the honey itself. Among others, propolis and bee bread are of great potential and market demand. They possess high nutritional values and medicinal properties including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial. This mini-review is aimed to highlight the state-of-the-art of processing and extraction methods, applications, and nutritional values of several stingless bees’ non-honey foods. The current patterns and challenges are discussed to bring insight into future research directions in this field.","PeriodicalId":15006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"185 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59200291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2147712
William Montag, Ling-Hsiu Liao, M. Berenbaum
{"title":"Sexually dimorphic responses to monofloral honeys in the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)","authors":"William Montag, Ling-Hsiu Liao, M. Berenbaum","doi":"10.1080/00218839.2022.2147712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2022.2147712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42719268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2143145
B. D. de Sousa, Gabriel Garcês Santos, Jonas Alves Mesquita, Claúdio Adriano de Jesus Nascimento, Gustavo Costa Freire, Victória Torquato Fernandes Santos, G. A. Carvalho-Zilse, Jos e de Ribamar Silva Barros
{"title":"Physicochemical composition and microbiological quality of honey produced from Tiúba, Melipona fasciculata (Apidae, Meliponini) in Brazil","authors":"B. D. de Sousa, Gabriel Garcês Santos, Jonas Alves Mesquita, Claúdio Adriano de Jesus Nascimento, Gustavo Costa Freire, Victória Torquato Fernandes Santos, G. A. Carvalho-Zilse, Jos e de Ribamar Silva Barros","doi":"10.1080/00218839.2022.2143145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2022.2143145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49629553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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