Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.S10.E002
K. Baruti
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) poses a significant global health problem, with approximately 257 million individuals chronically infected worldwide, causing 887 000 deaths per annum [1]. Healthy individuals are able to resolve infection within the first six months of infection (acute stage). However, infection may persist for longer than 6 months resulting in Chronic Hepatitis B infection (CHB), which is characterized by the presence of the Hepatitis B virus surface Antigen (HBsAg) [1]. Furthermore, CHB results in complications such as cirrhosis, endstage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are the causes of high mortality rates [1].
{"title":"Combination Therapy: A Key to The Elimination of HBV cccDNA","authors":"K. Baruti","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.S10.E002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.S10.E002","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) poses a significant global health problem, with approximately 257 million individuals chronically infected worldwide, causing 887 000 deaths per annum [1]. Healthy individuals are able to resolve infection within the first six months of infection (acute stage). However, infection may persist for longer than 6 months resulting in Chronic Hepatitis B infection (CHB), which is characterized by the presence of the Hepatitis B virus surface Antigen (HBsAg) [1]. Furthermore, CHB results in complications such as cirrhosis, endstage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are the causes of high mortality rates [1].","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"105 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90328550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/19485964.20.12.195
Adeyemi Aa, O. Oyelese, Omolade Oa, Sadare Oa
Background: Hepatitis C is one of the major viruses that is of great concern to health authorities around the world, this is because of its high mortality and morbidity rate. This virus is the causative agents for chronic and acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and cancer, although there are many reports of its prevalence in Nigeria, none is available for private tertiary health facility. Method: Laboratory results of patients screened for hepatitis C antibody between January 2017 and November 2019 were extracted from the laboratory database and the results were presented in simple percentage. Result: A total of 3,359 patients were screened (1,409 males and 1,950 females), 90 patients were positive for hepatitis C antibody. Conclusion: This study further support previous reports that hepatitis C is still endemic in Nigeria, there is a need to identify the phenotype of the hepatitis virus present in the country.
{"title":"Hepatitis C Virus Antibody in Patients Attending Private Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria","authors":"Adeyemi Aa, O. Oyelese, Omolade Oa, Sadare Oa","doi":"10.35248/19485964.20.12.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/19485964.20.12.195","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis C is one of the major viruses that is of great concern to health authorities around the world, this is because of its high mortality and morbidity rate. This virus is the causative agents for chronic and acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and cancer, although there are many reports of its prevalence in Nigeria, none is available for private tertiary health facility. Method: Laboratory results of patients screened for hepatitis C antibody between January 2017 and November 2019 were extracted from the laboratory database and the results were presented in simple percentage. Result: A total of 3,359 patients were screened (1,409 males and 1,950 females), 90 patients were positive for hepatitis C antibody. Conclusion: This study further support previous reports that hepatitis C is still endemic in Nigeria, there is a need to identify the phenotype of the hepatitis virus present in the country.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"34 4 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81185225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.203
R. LarryLuberMartinez, P. JuanDavidBerlinghieri, T. GustavoMatute
Anal cancer is a serious health problem in HIV-positive Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), and precursor lesions like anal intraepithelial neoplasia; are well defined. Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), a human papillomavirus (HPV)- associated anal cancer precursor lesion, is frequent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). There is a paucity of data published on the progression of high-grade AIN to invasive cancer as well as on clinical and virological characteristics comparing anal margin and anal canal carcinoma. Men who are infected with HIV and MSM are at particularly high risk for persistent HPV infection and HPV-induced lesions. The treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HISL) in HIV positive MSM associating the adjuvant vaccine against HPV is likely to be cost-effective, with benefits reported in the age group above 38 years. It is convenient to design large controlled studies that enroll the MSM population infected with HIV, as in our patient; to evaluate the benefits of the HPV vaccine.
{"title":"Giant Acuminated Condyloma in a HIV Positive Migrant Patient: Is There a Benefit on Giving the HPV Vaccine To the Men Who Have Sex With Men Population? Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"R. LarryLuberMartinez, P. JuanDavidBerlinghieri, T. GustavoMatute","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.203","url":null,"abstract":"Anal cancer is a serious health problem in HIV-positive Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), and precursor lesions like anal intraepithelial neoplasia; are well defined. Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), a human papillomavirus (HPV)- associated anal cancer precursor lesion, is frequent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). There is a paucity of data published on the progression of high-grade AIN to invasive cancer as well as on clinical and virological characteristics comparing anal margin and anal canal carcinoma. Men who are infected with HIV and MSM are at particularly high risk for persistent HPV infection and HPV-induced lesions. The treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HISL) in HIV positive MSM associating the adjuvant vaccine against HPV is likely to be cost-effective, with benefits reported in the age group above 38 years. It is convenient to design large controlled studies that enroll the MSM population infected with HIV, as in our patient; to evaluate the benefits of the HPV vaccine.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72843846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.S8.E001
Lisa Negus
{"title":"Progression in Hepatitis","authors":"Lisa Negus","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.S8.E001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.S8.E001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85955505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.192
Chiluvane Si Ilda, Muchanga Izaidino, Capossa Romao, Nchowela Guido, Alfredo Celio, M. Hilario
Introduction: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus is still a worldwide Health Problem with great psychological impact on young and adult couples. Several studies are carried out on HIV in Mozambique on its prevalence, antiretroviral treatment among other aspects but the psychological impact of this disease is poorly studied. The study aimed to understand the psychological impact that the non-disclosure of the Seropositivity has on the marital relationship from the existing conceptions regarding HIV. Materials and methods: The study was carried at Marian Ngouaby Health Centre from January 2017 to June 2018. The Research protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Saint Thomas University of Mozambique on October 8, 2017. It was done a documentary analysis of the clinical files of the users of the Centre’s antiretroviral treatment services to identify the participants who met the inclusion criteria. After selecting the users' files with the inclusion criteria, the day on which each user had ART was written down. On the day each user had consultation, the subject of the study was explained to them and they were subjected to an interview after signing the informed consent. Results: The study included 10 users aged 18 to 35 years. Among these participants 8 were women and all of them were unemployed and 2 employed men. They had a level of education ranging from fifth grade to twelfth grade with the exception of a man who had no education at all. All the participants hadn’t disclosed their HIV status to their partners. Conclusion: It is concluded that the non-disclosure of the HIV-positive diagnostic between couples affects them causing psychological problems in the person who did not disclose his/her status, such as anxiety, blame, changes in sexual patterns, social isolation, alcohol and drug use, suicide attempt and depression, and these problems negatively interfere in the couple’s life, thus reducing the couple’s quality of life.
{"title":"Psychological Impact of the Non Disclosure of the Diagnostic of HIV Seropositivity among Young People between 18-35 Years Old: Marian Ngouaby Health Centre Case Mozambique","authors":"Chiluvane Si Ilda, Muchanga Izaidino, Capossa Romao, Nchowela Guido, Alfredo Celio, M. Hilario","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.192","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus is still a worldwide Health Problem with great psychological impact on young and adult couples. Several studies are carried out on HIV in Mozambique on its prevalence, antiretroviral treatment among other aspects but the psychological impact of this disease is poorly studied. The study aimed to understand the psychological impact that the non-disclosure of the Seropositivity has on the marital relationship from the existing conceptions regarding HIV. Materials and methods: The study was carried at Marian Ngouaby Health Centre from January 2017 to June 2018. The Research protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Saint Thomas University of Mozambique on October 8, 2017. It was done a documentary analysis of the clinical files of the users of the Centre’s antiretroviral treatment services to identify the participants who met the inclusion criteria. After selecting the users' files with the inclusion criteria, the day on which each user had ART was written down. On the day each user had consultation, the subject of the study was explained to them and they were subjected to an interview after signing the informed consent. Results: The study included 10 users aged 18 to 35 years. Among these participants 8 were women and all of them were unemployed and 2 employed men. They had a level of education ranging from fifth grade to twelfth grade with the exception of a man who had no education at all. All the participants hadn’t disclosed their HIV status to their partners. Conclusion: It is concluded that the non-disclosure of the HIV-positive diagnostic between couples affects them causing psychological problems in the person who did not disclose his/her status, such as anxiety, blame, changes in sexual patterns, social isolation, alcohol and drug use, suicide attempt and depression, and these problems negatively interfere in the couple’s life, thus reducing the couple’s quality of life.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"208 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78251798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.193
S. Essa, I. Siddique, W. Al-nakib, R. Raghupathy
Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of T helper type (Th)1/Th2/Th17 type cytokines produced by chronically hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients in response to pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin (Peg-IFN/RBV) therapy. These finding will help us to identify the type of cytokines which participate in restoring functional antiviral T cell responses resulting in improved viral clearance. Methods and results: Sixty genotype-4 HCV-infected patients received Peg-IFN/RBV therapy for 12 weeks. Levels of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, IFNγ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17F) were estimated by ELISA. In post-treatment samples, mean levels of Th1 cytokines IL-12 and IFNγ were significantly higher in patients with an early virologic response (EVR) when compared to non-EVR. In contrast, mean levels of IL-17A and IL-17F in post-treatment samples were significantly higher in non-EVR patients compared to EVR patients. Interestingly, in post-treatment samples the anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 were produced at significantly higher levels in non-EVR patients than in EVR patients. Also, after treatment, the ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines were higher in EVR as compared to non-EVR patients. Conclusion: A pattern of stronger Th1- and weak Th17 reactivity in HCV-infected patients supports a favorable response to Peg-IFN/RBV therapy.
{"title":"Relevance of T helper Type 1, 2 and 17 Cytokine Profiles to the Outcome of Therapy in Hepatitis C Patients","authors":"S. Essa, I. Siddique, W. Al-nakib, R. Raghupathy","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.193","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of T helper type (Th)1/Th2/Th17 type cytokines produced by chronically hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients in response to pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin (Peg-IFN/RBV) therapy. These finding will help us to identify the type of cytokines which participate in restoring functional antiviral T cell responses resulting in improved viral clearance. Methods and results: Sixty genotype-4 HCV-infected patients received Peg-IFN/RBV therapy for 12 weeks. Levels of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, IFNγ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17F) were estimated by ELISA. In post-treatment samples, mean levels of Th1 cytokines IL-12 and IFNγ were significantly higher in patients with an early virologic response (EVR) when compared to non-EVR. In contrast, mean levels of IL-17A and IL-17F in post-treatment samples were significantly higher in non-EVR patients compared to EVR patients. Interestingly, in post-treatment samples the anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 were produced at significantly higher levels in non-EVR patients than in EVR patients. Also, after treatment, the ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines were higher in EVR as compared to non-EVR patients. Conclusion: A pattern of stronger Th1- and weak Th17 reactivity in HCV-infected patients supports a favorable response to Peg-IFN/RBV therapy.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79975368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/19485964.20.12.198
N. Hentig
Since November 2019 the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid 19) caused by the new human corona virus (HCoV), is spreading around the world, causing a major loss of lives.
{"title":"Appraisal of Promising Repurposed Drug Candidates for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19","authors":"N. Hentig","doi":"10.35248/19485964.20.12.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/19485964.20.12.198","url":null,"abstract":"Since November 2019 the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid 19) caused by the new human corona virus (HCoV), is spreading around the world, causing a major loss of lives.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"94 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76401045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.202
G. Shiha, T. Amer, N. Mikhail, R. Soliman, M. Elbasiony, D. Gad, A. Hassan, A. Bayoumi, Alaa Ibrahim, M. Eslam
Background and aim: Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) remains the most common cause of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) therapy reduce incident of HCC among HCV-infected patients, however the impact of these therapies on tumor behavior is less clear. Here, we compared the characteristics of HCC diagnosed before and after initiation of f DAA therapy in large population-based cohort. Patients and methods: In a prospective cohort of an outreached program in 73 villages across Egypt, 14,495 (91.2%) patients were treated with DAAs and followed after SVR for median of two years (12-45 months), Of those, 275 patients had HCC (166 patients before and 109 patients after the initiation of DAA therapy). Results: Patients who developed HCC after DAA had less tumor size, portal vein invasion, advanced stage according to BCLC classification and Milan criteria compared to those who developed HCC before therapy (P<0.05, for all comparisons). These findings remained significant independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), AFP, viral load and Child-Pugh score (Odds ratio: 0.338; 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.366; P=0.0001). Conclusion: HCC developed in CHC patients who achieved SVR following DAAs tend to display less aggressive pattern when compared to HCC diagnosed before DAAs therapy.
{"title":"Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy: A Prospective Study","authors":"G. Shiha, T. Amer, N. Mikhail, R. Soliman, M. Elbasiony, D. Gad, A. Hassan, A. Bayoumi, Alaa Ibrahim, M. Eslam","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.202","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim: Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) remains the most common cause of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) therapy reduce incident of HCC among HCV-infected patients, however the impact of these therapies on tumor behavior is less clear. Here, we compared the characteristics of HCC diagnosed before and after initiation of f DAA therapy in large population-based cohort. Patients and methods: In a prospective cohort of an outreached program in 73 villages across Egypt, 14,495 (91.2%) patients were treated with DAAs and followed after SVR for median of two years (12-45 months), Of those, 275 patients had HCC (166 patients before and 109 patients after the initiation of DAA therapy). Results: Patients who developed HCC after DAA had less tumor size, portal vein invasion, advanced stage according to BCLC classification and Milan criteria compared to those who developed HCC before therapy (P<0.05, for all comparisons). These findings remained significant independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), AFP, viral load and Child-Pugh score (Odds ratio: 0.338; 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.366; P=0.0001). Conclusion: HCC developed in CHC patients who achieved SVR following DAAs tend to display less aggressive pattern when compared to HCC diagnosed before DAAs therapy.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81750282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.E004
Hiroshi Tukuchuki
Viruses are very tiny germs. They are made of genetic material inside of a protein coating. Viruses cause familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu and warts. They also cause severe illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19.
{"title":"Overview of Viral Infections","authors":"Hiroshi Tukuchuki","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.E004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.E004","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses are very tiny germs. They are made of genetic material inside of a protein coating. Viruses cause familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu and warts. They also cause severe illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85339241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.212
Bachan Sharma
{"title":"Improve the Strategies to Cure and Prevention","authors":"Bachan Sharma","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90564748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：