Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.21.13.226
K. Sáenz-Flor, M. SantafeLorena
Objectives: To evaluate a sample of immunofluorescent and immunochromatographic rapid tests used in Ecuador to show their agreement in relation to Chemiluminescence. Setting: Primary care limitations for a sample of “rapid test” assays used for serological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in Ecuador, South-America. Participants: A diagnostic test evaluation assay was performed to establish the performance of five “rapid” tests for IgG and IgM serology for SARS-CoV-2 using a panel of 30 serum samples from routine patients. Interventions: For the evaluation of clinical performance, the qualitative results of the "rapid" tests were compared against those obtained by chemiluminescence, dichotomized as positives (>10 AU/mL) or negative (<10 UA/mL). Primary and secondary outcome measures: Demonstration of agreement in defining the subjects with the dichotomous criterion (positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies), calculating complex repeatability, positive agreements and negative agreements, with their corresponding 95% confidence interval and Cohen's Kappa test. Results: The best agreement is seen in the immunofluorescent assay, for the IgG contrast, with a particularly good kappa index (0.85), without positive disagreements and a negative disagreement of about 15%. In the immunochromatographic methods Kappa index was 0.61 at best, with disagreements in negative findings of ≈35% and in positive cases of up to ≈70%. Conclusions: Given the high demand and supply in the market of "rapid serological tests", its evaluation against panels of serologically positive or negative samples established by Chemiluminescence or Electro chemiluminescence is essential to authorize its extensive use in populations.
{"title":"Concordance of andquot;Rapidandquot; Serological Tests and IgG and IgM Chemiluminescence for SARS-COV-2","authors":"K. Sáenz-Flor, M. SantafeLorena","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.21.13.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.21.13.226","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate a sample of immunofluorescent and immunochromatographic rapid tests used in Ecuador to show their agreement in relation to Chemiluminescence. Setting: Primary care limitations for a sample of “rapid test” assays used for serological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in Ecuador, South-America. Participants: A diagnostic test evaluation assay was performed to establish the performance of five “rapid” tests for IgG and IgM serology for SARS-CoV-2 using a panel of 30 serum samples from routine patients. Interventions: For the evaluation of clinical performance, the qualitative results of the \"rapid\" tests were compared against those obtained by chemiluminescence, dichotomized as positives (>10 AU/mL) or negative (<10 UA/mL). Primary and secondary outcome measures: Demonstration of agreement in defining the subjects with the dichotomous criterion (positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies), calculating complex repeatability, positive agreements and negative agreements, with their corresponding 95% confidence interval and Cohen's Kappa test. Results: The best agreement is seen in the immunofluorescent assay, for the IgG contrast, with a particularly good kappa index (0.85), without positive disagreements and a negative disagreement of about 15%. In the immunochromatographic methods Kappa index was 0.61 at best, with disagreements in negative findings of ≈35% and in positive cases of up to ≈70%. Conclusions: Given the high demand and supply in the market of \"rapid serological tests\", its evaluation against panels of serologically positive or negative samples established by Chemiluminescence or Electro chemiluminescence is essential to authorize its extensive use in populations.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"126 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81815906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.13.S16.002
T. Ibekwe, V. Kwaghe, Habib Zayad Garba, P. Ibekwe
Background: The Respiratory Syncytial, Influenza and the SARS-CoV-2 viruses have a lot in common and are intertwined as leading causes of respiratory infections (flu) and flu-like infections in humans. The morbidity, mortality and disease burden posed by these diseases across the globe is humongous. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations and sequalae of these respiratory illnesses are also very similar and could be safely described as a spectrum of a disease process ‘syncytial respiratory disease’. There is justification in simultaneously studying, investigating and researching on these diseases given their close similarities and thin differences. Methods: This is a review of the literature on Case-Management for RSV, Influenza, COVID-19 and the role of Antiviral drugs. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE (from Jan 2019 to January 2021), EMBASE (from Jan 2019 to January 2021), Publics Ovidius Naso (Ovoid), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in Issue 1 of 12, January 2021 of the Cochrane Library was performed. Short-listing of titles and abstracts on the basis of their relevance to the review and subsequent data extraction were undertaken independently by two out of the four authors (TSI and PUI). Differences were resolved by mutual consensus. Results: The Respirtory Syncitial Virus (RSV), Influenza and SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) virus were all examined in detail. The similarities and differences were x-rayed, including the mechanism of transmission, pathophysiology and pathogenesis of each. The methods of treatment especially susceptibility on antiviral agents were discussed. Conclusion: The similarity indices between RSV, Influenza and SARS-CoV2 are strong. Non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical measures are required for holistic cure and total eradication of these diseases. Effective and efficient antiviral agent(s) are needed for active management of these groups of viruses and science is challenged to this effect.
背景:呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒和SARS-CoV-2病毒有很多共同之处，它们是人类呼吸道感染(流感)和流感样感染的主要原因。这些疾病在全球造成的发病率、死亡率和疾病负担是巨大的。这些呼吸系统疾病的流行病学、病理生理学、临床表现和后遗症也非常相似，可以安全地描述为疾病过程的频谱“合胞性呼吸系统疾病”。鉴于这些疾病的相似之处和细微的差异，同时研究、调查和研究这些疾病是有道理的。方法:对RSV、流感、COVID-19病例管理及抗病毒药物作用的文献进行综述。综合检索MEDLINE(2019年1月至2021年1月)、EMBASE(2019年1月至2021年1月)、Publics Ovidius Naso (Ovoid)、Database of Reviews of Effects Abstracts and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane中央对照试验注册库)，检索日期为Cochrane图书馆2021年1月12期第1期。四名作者中的两名(TSI和PUI)独立进行了与综述相关的标题和摘要的简短列表和随后的数据提取。分歧通过相互协商一致解决了。结果:对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、流感病毒和SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19)病毒进行了详细检测。对其异同点进行x线观察，包括传播机制、病理生理及病机。讨论了治疗方法，特别是对抗病毒药物的敏感性。结论:RSV病毒、流感病毒和SARS-CoV2病毒具有较强的相似性。为了全面治疗和彻底根除这些疾病，需要采取非药物和药物措施。需要有效和高效的抗病毒药物来主动管理这些病毒群，科学在这方面受到挑战。
{"title":"The Role of Antiviral Drugs in the Case-Management of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Influenza and COVID-19","authors":"T. Ibekwe, V. Kwaghe, Habib Zayad Garba, P. Ibekwe","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.13.S16.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.13.S16.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Respiratory Syncytial, Influenza and the SARS-CoV-2 viruses have a lot in common and are intertwined as leading causes of respiratory infections (flu) and flu-like infections in humans. The morbidity, mortality and disease burden posed by these diseases across the globe is humongous. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations and sequalae of these respiratory illnesses are also very similar and could be safely described as a spectrum of a disease process ‘syncytial respiratory disease’. There is justification in simultaneously studying, investigating and researching on these diseases given their close similarities and thin differences. Methods: This is a review of the literature on Case-Management for RSV, Influenza, COVID-19 and the role of Antiviral drugs. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE (from Jan 2019 to January 2021), EMBASE (from Jan 2019 to January 2021), Publics Ovidius Naso (Ovoid), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in Issue 1 of 12, January 2021 of the Cochrane Library was performed. Short-listing of titles and abstracts on the basis of their relevance to the review and subsequent data extraction were undertaken independently by two out of the four authors (TSI and PUI). Differences were resolved by mutual consensus. Results: The Respirtory Syncitial Virus (RSV), Influenza and SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) virus were all examined in detail. The similarities and differences were x-rayed, including the mechanism of transmission, pathophysiology and pathogenesis of each. The methods of treatment especially susceptibility on antiviral agents were discussed. Conclusion: The similarity indices between RSV, Influenza and SARS-CoV2 are strong. Non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical measures are required for holistic cure and total eradication of these diseases. Effective and efficient antiviral agent(s) are needed for active management of these groups of viruses and science is challenged to this effect.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88621682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.21.S18.003
F. Bennaoui, S. Moussaoui, N. Slitine, F. Maoulainine
Three billion individuals worldwide are currently confined to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, since physical examinations are less present. Teleconsultation is the delivery of health care services using the phone, information or communication technology. In the current pandemic scenario, teleconsultation can supplement health-care delivery in the absence of in-person visit. Our study aimed to assess the efficiency and security of teleconsultation with only a smartphone to manage the flow of pediatric emergencies in Morocco. This prospective observational cohort study was conducted on the first 500 patients, who received a teleconsultation by contacting pediatricians by smartphone, using audio, videos or photos, during two months April and May 2020, the patients were calling from all Morocco. The average of age was 2 years and 4 months with extremes ranging from 4 days to 15 years. Gender: male-60.7% and female-39.3%. The communication type was written message-100%; Photos-15%; Voice mail-8%. Our attitude was give as Prescription-69%; Tips-43%; Specialist advice-15%; Emergencies-6%; Diet- 5%; Balance-5%; Consultation-4%; Radiological assessment-3%; Family treatment-1%. This study is the first to assess the utility of emergency pediatric teleconsultation with a simple smartphone application to manage emergency in a population with suddenly restrained access to pediatricians. This approach permitted us to preserve social distancing.
{"title":"Pediatric Teleconsultation in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"F. Bennaoui, S. Moussaoui, N. Slitine, F. Maoulainine","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.21.S18.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.21.S18.003","url":null,"abstract":"Three billion individuals worldwide are currently confined to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, since physical examinations are less present. Teleconsultation is the delivery of health care services using the phone, information or communication technology. In the current pandemic scenario, teleconsultation can supplement health-care delivery in the absence of in-person visit. Our study aimed to assess the efficiency and security of teleconsultation with only a smartphone to manage the flow of pediatric emergencies in Morocco. This prospective observational cohort study was conducted on the first 500 patients, who received a teleconsultation by contacting pediatricians by smartphone, using audio, videos or photos, during two months April and May 2020, the patients were calling from all Morocco. The average of age was 2 years and 4 months with extremes ranging from 4 days to 15 years. Gender: male-60.7% and female-39.3%. The communication type was written message-100%; Photos-15%; Voice mail-8%. Our attitude was give as Prescription-69%; Tips-43%; Specialist advice-15%; Emergencies-6%; Diet- 5%; Balance-5%; Consultation-4%; Radiological assessment-3%; Family treatment-1%. This study is the first to assess the utility of emergency pediatric teleconsultation with a simple smartphone application to manage emergency in a population with suddenly restrained access to pediatricians. This approach permitted us to preserve social distancing.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84464141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.21.13.210
Kira Smith
BNT162b2 vaccine against Covid-19 is composed of an RNA having 4284 nucleotides, divided into 6 sections, which bring the information to create a factory of S Spike proteins, the ones used by Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19) to infect the host. After that, these proteins are directed outside the cell, triggering the immune reaction and antibody production. The problem is the heavy alteration of the mRNA: Uracil is replaced to fool the immune system with Ψ (Pseudouridine); the letters of all codon triplets are replaced by a C or a G, to extremely increase the speed of protein synthesis; replacement of some amino acids with Proline; addition of a sequence (3’-UTR) with unknown alteration. These impairments could cause strong doubts about the presence of codon usage errors. An eventual mistranslation has consequences on the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases.In addition, mRNA injected is a pre-mRNA, which can lead to the multiple mature mRNAs; these are alternative splicing anomalies, direct source of serious long-term harm on the human health. In essence, what will be created may not be identical with protein S Spike: just an error in translational decoding, codons misreading, production of different amino acids, then proteins, to cause serious long-term damage to human health, despite the DNA is not modified, being instead in the cell nucleus and not in the cytoplasm, where the modified mRNA arrives. However, in this case, the correlation between speed of synthesis and protein expression with synthesis errors, as well as the mechanism that could affect the translation of the sequence remain obscure, many trials have not yet been performed.
{"title":"BNT162b2 Vaccine: possible codons misreading, errors in protein synthesis and alternative splicing's anomalies","authors":"Kira Smith","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.21.13.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.21.13.210","url":null,"abstract":"BNT162b2 vaccine against Covid-19 is composed of\u0000an RNA having 4284 nucleotides, divided into 6\u0000sections, which bring the information to create\u0000a factory of S Spike proteins, the ones used\u0000by Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19) to infect the host. After\u0000that, these proteins are directed outside the cell,\u0000triggering the immune\u0000reaction and antibody production.\u0000 The problem is the heavy alteration of the\u0000mRNA: Uracil is replaced to fool the immune system\u0000with Ψ (Pseudouridine); the letters of all\u0000codon triplets are replaced by a C or a G,\u0000to extremely increase the speed of protein\u0000synthesis; replacement of some amino\u0000acids with Proline; addition of a sequence\u0000(3’-UTR) with unknown alteration.\u0000 These impairments could cause strong doubts about the\u0000presence of codon usage errors. An\u0000eventual mistranslation has consequences on\u0000the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases.In\u0000addition, mRNA injected is a pre-mRNA, which\u0000can lead to the multiple mature mRNAs; these\u0000are alternative splicing anomalies,\u0000direct source of serious long-term harm on the human\u0000health.\u0000 In essence, what will be created may not be\u0000identical with protein S Spike: just an error in\u0000translational decoding, codons misreading, production\u0000of different amino acids, then proteins, to cause\u0000serious long-term damage to human health, despite\u0000the DNA is not modified, being instead in the cell\u0000nucleus and not in the cytoplasm, where the modified mRNA\u0000arrives.\u0000 However, in this case, the correlation between speed of\u0000synthesis and protein expression with synthesis\u0000errors, as well as the mechanism that could affect\u0000the translation of the sequence remain obscure,\u0000many trials have not yet been performed.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"103 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80423050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-136260/v1
A. Tak, B. Das, Saurabh Gahlot
Background: The lockdown in India has entered into its ninth month to curb the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of the present study is to evaluate impact of different phases of lockdown on evolution of new cases of infection and deaths due to COVID-19.Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study, the Indian data on new cases of infection and deaths due to COVID-19 were retrieved from John Hopkins University dashboard. The cases from 25 March to 31 October 2020 were analyzed using analysis of covariance for four phases of lockdown and five phases of unlockdown.Results: The coefficients of regression for new cases did not differ significantly for initial four phases of lockdown and unlock-1, while from unlock-2 the coefficients showed significant decrease till unlock-5. While death cases showed no significant differences between coefficients of regression for initial four phases of lockdown and unlock, but coefficient of unlock-5 was significantly lower than unlock-4. Conclusion: The trends of coefficients of regression of new cases and deaths reveals positive effects of lockdown in flattening the epidemic curve. Though the pandemic is on downslope, till the availability of vaccines, non-pharmaceutical measures such as social distancing, wearing of masks need to be implemented.
{"title":"COVID-19 and Lockdown in India: Evaluation using Analysis of Covariance","authors":"A. Tak, B. Das, Saurabh Gahlot","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-136260/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-136260/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: The lockdown in India has entered into its ninth month to curb the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of the present study is to evaluate impact of different phases of lockdown on evolution of new cases of infection and deaths due to COVID-19.Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study, the Indian data on new cases of infection and deaths due to COVID-19 were retrieved from John Hopkins University dashboard. The cases from 25 March to 31 October 2020 were analyzed using analysis of covariance for four phases of lockdown and five phases of unlockdown.Results: The coefficients of regression for new cases did not differ significantly for initial four phases of lockdown and unlock-1, while from unlock-2 the coefficients showed significant decrease till unlock-5. While death cases showed no significant differences between coefficients of regression for initial four phases of lockdown and unlock, but coefficient of unlock-5 was significantly lower than unlock-4. Conclusion: The trends of coefficients of regression of new cases and deaths reveals positive effects of lockdown in flattening the epidemic curve. Though the pandemic is on downslope, till the availability of vaccines, non-pharmaceutical measures such as social distancing, wearing of masks need to be implemented.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"PP 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84318695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-117305/v1
Sujan Rudra, Shuva Das, Md. Ehsanul Hoque, A. Kalam, Mohammad Arifur Rahman
Objective: To delineate the survival rate of the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who did the diagnostic tests lately after the development of symptoms. The aim is to determine the socio-demographic risk factors associated with the delay of the detection of COVID-19 patients. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 300 patients were selected who were diagnosed as COVID-19 patients in the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Data were collected from May to July 2020. Clinical characteristics were obtained from over phone interviews and laboratory diagnosis by Real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). Cox proportional hazard model is applied to estimate risk factors affecting the delay of detection of COVID-19 patients.Result: Female mortality rate was 44.9% higher compared to males, graduates died 32% more than undergraduates, unmarried peoples’ death rate were 56% more than married and those who were in traveling irregularly and in contact with symptomatic patients, were 86% more died than non-travelers.Conclusion: Early diagnosis of COVID-19 can save a huge amount of lives and special attention should be emphasized on the significant explanatory variable.
{"title":"Delay of Detection Of COVID-19 Patients In Bangladesh; An Application To Cox Proportional Hazard Model","authors":"Sujan Rudra, Shuva Das, Md. Ehsanul Hoque, A. Kalam, Mohammad Arifur Rahman","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-117305/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-117305/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objective: To delineate the survival rate of the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who did the diagnostic tests lately after the development of symptoms. The aim is to determine the socio-demographic risk factors associated with the delay of the detection of COVID-19 patients. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 300 patients were selected who were diagnosed as COVID-19 patients in the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Data were collected from May to July 2020. Clinical characteristics were obtained from over phone interviews and laboratory diagnosis by Real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). Cox proportional hazard model is applied to estimate risk factors affecting the delay of detection of COVID-19 patients.Result: Female mortality rate was 44.9% higher compared to males, graduates died 32% more than undergraduates, unmarried peoples’ death rate were 56% more than married and those who were in traveling irregularly and in contact with symptomatic patients, were 86% more died than non-travelers.Conclusion: Early diagnosis of COVID-19 can save a huge amount of lives and special attention should be emphasized on the significant explanatory variable.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"2003 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86541815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Chatterjee, B. Dhara, Dattatreya Mukherjee, Debraj Mukhopadhyay, A. Mitra
The world is amidst a public health crisis as the pandemic has shook us to the core. The COVID-19 caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 is of zoonotic origin and this tries to explain what could have been the possible proximal origins for the disease in humans. Our review aims at addressing the question like what structural or genomic vicissitude enabled the viral outbreak across genera and so efficiently infect the human populace across the globe. We also try to discuss the prospect of drug repurposing and scope for vaccine development considering the rapid genome modification of the virus. Another finding lies into the action of pre-existing drugs when they are applied in combination and probably that shades some light on the therapeutic approaches. Several investigation have been performed but we are still in search of a novel antiviral drug. With that vision, our focus shifted on the evaluation of existing drugs with positive response against the novel corona virus. We also try discussing certain trends including increased immunity to the disease in the population from a particular geographical area.
{"title":"A review on the SARS-CoV-2 mediated global pandemic: proximal origin, pathogenicity and therapeutic approaches","authors":"S. Chatterjee, B. Dhara, Dattatreya Mukherjee, Debraj Mukhopadhyay, A. Mitra","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/fpqsw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/fpqsw","url":null,"abstract":"The world is amidst a public health crisis as the pandemic has shook us to the core. The COVID-19 caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 is of zoonotic origin and this tries to explain what could have been the possible proximal origins for the disease in humans. Our review aims at addressing the question like what structural or genomic vicissitude enabled the viral outbreak across genera and so efficiently infect the human populace across the globe. We also try to discuss the prospect of drug repurposing and scope for vaccine development considering the rapid genome modification of the virus. Another finding lies into the action of pre-existing drugs when they are applied in combination and probably that shades some light on the therapeutic approaches. Several investigation have been performed but we are still in search of a novel antiviral drug. With that vision, our focus shifted on the evaluation of existing drugs with positive response against the novel corona virus. We also try discussing certain trends including increased immunity to the disease in the population from a particular geographical area.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79093483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.S7.E002
Ramya Derai
{"title":"Editorial Note for Antivirals: New Drug Delivery Systems","authors":"Ramya Derai","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.S7.E002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.S7.E002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78472493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.205
M. Phadke, U. Bodhankar, Y. Patil, P. Menon
Covid-19 (Corona virus disease of 2019) is creating havoc in the world. It has resulted in overburdening of health systems, has detrimental effects on income, food systems, social systems and world economies. Covid-19 infection and the subsequent lockdown in many countries including India are likely to produce collateral damage to jobs, housing, and migration and of course nutrition. As per global statistics this year, one in nine persons is hungry and one billion people world over doing not have enough food to eat. Estimates show that 135 million people have been hungry before the pandemic and by the end of 2020; the figure is likely to be 265 million. As of now, when no effective vaccine or drug is available to combat the disease; the world is left to fight this disease with two weapons. The first is social distancing of two meters, repeated hand washing for twenty seconds with soap and water and face cover with face shield. The second weapon is our healthy immune system. Good health adds life to years and years to life. Immunity depends on various factors, one of which is nutrition. Nutrition is the backbone of good health.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.S10.E001
D. Kaul
{"title":"Drugomics of Human Immuno Deficiency Virus","authors":"D. Kaul","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.S10.E001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.S10.E001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90336737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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