Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000205
Sutapa Joti, K. Mitra, Saikat Mitra
The Himalayan region is, one of the most seismically vulnerable and tectonically active zones in the world. Sikkim is a state in North-East India, situated on the Himalayan arc. Sikkim is dotted with numerous Buddhist monasteries dating back to the 17th century. These historical monastery structures are a part of the rich cultural heritage of the state, being structures of social, cultural and religious significance to the community. The old monasteries are typically load bearing structures where stone masonry and timber are used extensively as columns, beams, floors, roofs and also in staircases. The monasteries follow some spatial characteristics such as regular geometrical shapes in plan with an assembly hall and front verandah, and are usually one or two storeys high with diminishing upper storeys topped by light weight sloped roofs. The M6.9 earthquake on September 18, 2011, in Sikkim has clearly demonstrated the vulnerability of the historical monastery structures. The evaluation of the earthquake vulnerability of monasteries is a necessary first step for their protection in future earthquakes. This paper analyzes the performance of one of the non-engineered monastery structure made with load bearing stone masonry - the century old hilltop Hee Gyathang Monastery located in the North District about 30 kms from Mangan. Structural analysis by demand capacity method of this monastery proves that the monastery is unsafe after the 2011 M 6.9 Sikkim Earthquake.
{"title":"Seismic Behavior of Historic Masonry Monasteries in Sikkim in the 2011 M 6.9 Sikkim Earthquake: Case Study of Hee Gyathang Monastery, North Sikkim, India","authors":"Sutapa Joti, K. Mitra, Saikat Mitra","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000205","url":null,"abstract":"The Himalayan region is, one of the most seismically vulnerable and tectonically active zones in the world. Sikkim is a state in North-East India, situated on the Himalayan arc. Sikkim is dotted with numerous Buddhist monasteries dating back to the 17th century. These historical monastery structures are a part of the rich cultural heritage of the state, being structures of social, cultural and religious significance to the community. The old monasteries are typically load bearing structures where stone masonry and timber are used extensively as columns, beams, floors, roofs and also in staircases. The monasteries follow some spatial characteristics such as regular geometrical shapes in plan with an assembly hall and front verandah, and are usually one or two storeys high with diminishing upper storeys topped by light weight sloped roofs. The M6.9 earthquake on September 18, 2011, in Sikkim has clearly demonstrated the vulnerability of the historical monastery structures. The evaluation of the earthquake vulnerability of monasteries is a necessary first step for their protection in future earthquakes. This paper analyzes the performance of one of the non-engineered monastery structure made with load bearing stone masonry - the century old hilltop Hee Gyathang Monastery located in the North District about 30 kms from Mangan. Structural analysis by demand capacity method of this monastery proves that the monastery is unsafe after the 2011 M 6.9 Sikkim Earthquake.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"463 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86703236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-11DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000202
Ayesha Muneeb, S. Ijaz, S. Khalid, A. Mughal
Lighting accounts for roughly one-fifth of global electricity consumption. The energy consumption for buildings lighting system can reach 30% of the total consumption. The demand for energy is growing day by day with growth in population, revolution in life style, and change in technology. This growing demand led to energy crisis which is the biggest warning for economic stability for developing countries like Pakistan. From the last ten years, Pakistan is facing severe electrical energy shortfall and thus the problem of balancing Pakistan's power supply and the demand has remained in a stalemate position. This crisis has badly affected the everyday life, business and industry. Despite taking steps like resolving this issue through initiating a number of power plant projects, the country still faces a significant energy shortfall. Hence, in order to reduce the gap between electricity demand and supply, the need for efficient usage of available electric energy through opting for the modern, highly energy efficient devices/systems cannot be undermined. A possible way to reduce the electricity consumption, and thus the energy bill, is related to the substitution of the old lamps and control of the new ones. Significant energy conservations can be achieved by reducing energy depletion by artificial lighting which has potential of energy saving by using efficient lighting technologies. For this purpose, new performance lamps like LEDs are studied and developed. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have recently entered the lighting market as an energy efficient alternative to traditional light sources such as incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. A case study is carried out for a commercial setup to compare the enactment, suitability, sustainability and economic effects of conventional and LED lights in a commercial setup. An innovative lighting scheme has been designed by using DIALux simulation software based on international standards of Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).The conventional lights on the shop floor has been substituted with LED lights as per software design. After hardware installation, it is revealed that by implementing this lighting scheme there is 47% of energy savings and user satisfaction with financial savings of Rs. 55570 per year, having 1.368 years payback period that validates use of LEDs as per proposed lightning design for wide-ranging lighting solicitations
{"title":"Research Study on Gained Energy Efficiency in a Commercial Setup by Replacing Conventional Lights with Modern Energy Saving Lights","authors":"Ayesha Muneeb, S. Ijaz, S. Khalid, A. Mughal","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000202","url":null,"abstract":"Lighting accounts for roughly one-fifth of global electricity consumption. The energy consumption for buildings lighting system can reach 30% of the total consumption. The demand for energy is growing day by day with growth in population, revolution in life style, and change in technology. This growing demand led to energy crisis which is the biggest warning for economic stability for developing countries like Pakistan. From the last ten years, Pakistan is facing severe electrical energy shortfall and thus the problem of balancing Pakistan's power supply and the demand has remained in a stalemate position. This crisis has badly affected the everyday life, business and industry. Despite taking steps like resolving this issue through initiating a number of power plant projects, the country still faces a significant energy shortfall. Hence, in order to reduce the gap between electricity demand and supply, the need for efficient usage of available electric energy through opting for the modern, highly energy efficient devices/systems cannot be undermined. A possible way to reduce the electricity consumption, and thus the energy bill, is related to the substitution of the old lamps and control of the new ones. Significant energy conservations can be achieved by reducing energy depletion by artificial lighting which has potential of energy saving by using efficient lighting technologies. For this purpose, new performance lamps like LEDs are studied and developed. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have recently entered the lighting market as an energy efficient alternative to traditional light sources such as incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. A case study is carried out for a commercial setup to compare the enactment, suitability, sustainability and economic effects of conventional and LED lights in a commercial setup. An innovative lighting scheme has been designed by using DIALux simulation software based on international standards of Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).The conventional lights on the shop floor has been substituted with LED lights as per software design. After hardware installation, it is revealed that by implementing this lighting scheme there is 47% of energy savings and user satisfaction with financial savings of Rs. 55570 per year, having 1.368 years payback period that validates use of LEDs as per proposed lightning design for wide-ranging lighting solicitations","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87335303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000195
Dey Sk
Utilization of underexploited, unexplored natural fibres from crop waste are not only critical issues in the international scenario but are also the need of the hour in developing countries like India. Pineapple leaf fibre extracted from the green pineapple leaf, an agro waste reveals its immense potentiality in the field of textiles particularly due to the disposal problem after harvesting for cleaner and green environment. Blending of indigenous PALF with acrylic will help development of textiles with better functional properties by combining positive features of both the fibres. Blending of PALF/acrylic did not pose any problem in conventional jute processing system. Wet spun yarn exhibits better characteristics compared to dry spun one. The optimum stage of blending of the above fibres is carding stage. The critical blend level for 3 denier acrylic fibre and indigenous PALF has been found to be 74/26. The theoretical and actual blend composition estimated by chemical method reveals close matching with each other. The PALF/acrylic blended yarn has a bright future prospect for sustainable luxary textiles like fancy apparel products.
{"title":"Exploration of Indigenous Pineapple-Acrylic Blend: A Future Prospect for Sustainable Luxury Textiles","authors":"Dey Sk","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of underexploited, unexplored natural fibres from crop waste are not only critical issues in the international scenario but are also the need of the hour in developing countries like India. Pineapple leaf fibre extracted from the green pineapple leaf, an agro waste reveals its immense potentiality in the field of textiles particularly due to the disposal problem after harvesting for cleaner and green environment. Blending of indigenous PALF with acrylic will help development of textiles with better functional properties by combining positive features of both the fibres. Blending of PALF/acrylic did not pose any problem in conventional jute processing system. Wet spun yarn exhibits better characteristics compared to dry spun one. The optimum stage of blending of the above fibres is carding stage. The critical blend level for 3 denier acrylic fibre and indigenous PALF has been found to be 74/26. The theoretical and actual blend composition estimated by chemical method reveals close matching with each other. The PALF/acrylic blended yarn has a bright future prospect for sustainable luxary textiles like fancy apparel products.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"308 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79635201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-30DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000194
H. Haştemoğlu
This paper comprises of the experimental study of five (5) double skinned concrete filled steel tubular (DSCFT ) columns of concentrically placed circular sections filled with self-compacting concrete (SCC). Tests on the specimens were made by applying axial loads. The main experimental parameter varied for columns were slenderness ratio. The test results of DSCFT columns are compared with another five (5) concrete filled tube (CFT) columns of same area of steel (Ast) and outer diameter as in DSCFT columns. Both filled with self-compacting concrete of grade M50. Testing of specimens investigates the behaviour on load deflection, confinement effect, and the strength of the columns. Various characteristics such as stiffness, ductility and failure mode are also discussed with the help of load deflection curves. The comparison with concrete filled tube (CFT) to the double skinned concrete filled tube (DSCFT) columns likely to be show that DSCFT columns are similar to CFT columns in performance and DSCFT shows better in cost concern than CFT. Theoretical analysis was also done and compared with the experimental results. Comparison of various codes like (EC4, LRFD, ACI) was also done. The results reveal that EC4 is better predictable than others). An ANSYS modelling was also done for two specimens to calibrate the test results obtained from experiments. The results from the experimental study were compared with the ANSYS results. The result shows that there is little difference in deformations between the ANSYS and experimental results.
{"title":"Behaviour of Double Skinned Composite Columns with Concrete FilledTubular Columns","authors":"H. Haştemoğlu","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"This paper comprises of the experimental study of five (5) double skinned concrete filled steel tubular (DSCFT ) columns of concentrically placed circular sections filled with self-compacting concrete (SCC). Tests on the specimens were made by applying axial loads. The main experimental parameter varied for columns were slenderness ratio. The test results of DSCFT columns are compared with another five (5) concrete filled tube (CFT) columns of same area of steel (Ast) and outer diameter as in DSCFT columns. Both filled with self-compacting concrete of grade M50. Testing of specimens investigates the behaviour on load deflection, confinement effect, and the strength of the columns. Various characteristics such as stiffness, ductility and failure mode are also discussed with the help of load deflection curves. The comparison with concrete filled tube (CFT) to the double skinned concrete filled tube (DSCFT) columns likely to be show that DSCFT columns are similar to CFT columns in performance and DSCFT shows better in cost concern than CFT. Theoretical analysis was also done and compared with the experimental results. Comparison of various codes like (EC4, LRFD, ACI) was also done. The results reveal that EC4 is better predictable than others). An ANSYS modelling was also done for two specimens to calibrate the test results obtained from experiments. The results from the experimental study were compared with the ANSYS results. The result shows that there is little difference in deformations between the ANSYS and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90233017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-30DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000197
H. Tavakoli, Mahyar Moridi
In this paper, the effects of dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) on seismic performance of steel frames with infill wall were investigated. This study assesses these buildings seismic performance utilizing the static analysis of nonlinear simulated models to obtain the structures response. The investigation was based on structures with design and detailing characteristics representative of 2800 Iranian code. To consider the dynamic soil-structure interaction effect, soil can be modeled with a set of springs and dashpots. The results show soil-structure interaction and presence of infill wall in building can be able to change the seismic performance of frame structures. Dynamic soil-structure interaction increases system flexibility. Increasing the number of column spans in all cases of loading, increases the amount of the base shear and story drift. The analysis results, also, show that reducing the shear wave velocity in soil beneath the structure, causes soil-structure interaction effects on nonlinear structural response become significant.
{"title":"Simultaneous Effects of Soil-structure and Masonry Infill-Structure Interactions on Seismic Performance of Steel Frames","authors":"H. Tavakoli, Mahyar Moridi","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000197","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effects of dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) on seismic performance of steel frames with infill wall were investigated. This study assesses these buildings seismic performance utilizing the static analysis of nonlinear simulated models to obtain the structures response. The investigation was based on structures with design and detailing characteristics representative of 2800 Iranian code. To consider the dynamic soil-structure interaction effect, soil can be modeled with a set of springs and dashpots. The results show soil-structure interaction and presence of infill wall in building can be able to change the seismic performance of frame structures. Dynamic soil-structure interaction increases system flexibility. Increasing the number of column spans in all cases of loading, increases the amount of the base shear and story drift. The analysis results, also, show that reducing the shear wave velocity in soil beneath the structure, causes soil-structure interaction effects on nonlinear structural response become significant.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90365574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-30DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000196
Wisam Fawzi Abdulkareem
Concrete is a heterogeneous mixture of aggregates, cement and water with some blanks and some other additives can be added to obtain certain properties. The proportions of these materials are chosen in the concrete mix according to the type of work required and the materials available. With the mixing of these materials together, the concrete, which begins with progressive stiffness, is obtained over time to become solid and strong. Its strength varies according to the basic components, as well as by the casting method during the casting and the quality of the treatment.
{"title":"Concrete Properties Made from Particular Rubble","authors":"Wisam Fawzi Abdulkareem","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is a heterogeneous mixture of aggregates, cement and water with some blanks and some other additives can be added to obtain certain properties. The proportions of these materials are chosen in the concrete mix according to the type of work required and the materials available. With the mixing of these materials together, the concrete, which begins with progressive stiffness, is obtained over time to become solid and strong. Its strength varies according to the basic components, as well as by the casting method during the casting and the quality of the treatment.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82153155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-24DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000199
H. Azemati, S. Pourbagher, Vadood Rostami
Providing appropriate housing for the people is one of the responsibilities of the governments such as Islamic republic of Iran government. In recent years the government decided to implement the mass housing for low-income households, that this project was called “Mehr housing”. The aim of current research was evaluation the satisfaction rate of Mehr housing residents in Ardabil city, northwest of Iran. Heads of 120 household residents of Ardabil Mehr housing were selected randomly and asked some questions about characteristics of households and level and general aspects of satisfaction according Van Poll’s model and social factors. Residents were generally dissatisfied with the most of surveyed indicators such as cultural status, housing cooperatives function, Maskan bank function, accessing to city center, lacking facilities out of unit, lacking area for vehicle parking and costs issue. Majority of the households stated that their housing problem has not been resolved by the Mehr housing. In contrast, good quality of internal conditions, security of complex building open space and social participating of residents were reported as the main advantages of the sites.
{"title":"Evaluating the Satisfaction Rate in Affordable Housing Case Study: Ardabil Mehr Housing in Ardabil Province of Iran","authors":"H. Azemati, S. Pourbagher, Vadood Rostami","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"Providing appropriate housing for the people is one of the responsibilities of the governments such as Islamic republic of Iran government. In recent years the government decided to implement the mass housing for low-income households, that this project was called “Mehr housing”. The aim of current research was evaluation the satisfaction rate of Mehr housing residents in Ardabil city, northwest of Iran. Heads of 120 household residents of Ardabil Mehr housing were selected randomly and asked some questions about characteristics of households and level and general aspects of satisfaction according Van Poll’s model and social factors. Residents were generally dissatisfied with the most of surveyed indicators such as cultural status, housing cooperatives function, Maskan bank function, accessing to city center, lacking facilities out of unit, lacking area for vehicle parking and costs issue. Majority of the households stated that their housing problem has not been resolved by the Mehr housing. In contrast, good quality of internal conditions, security of complex building open space and social participating of residents were reported as the main advantages of the sites.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75764558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-30DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000193
Seyed Hadi Ghoddousifar, Davoud Zarean Ms
Bricks are local materials and efficient architecture in Iran. Bricks are used in buildings and for decoration. Brickwork is one of the ways of decoration in architecture which is done with simple and sharp tools. Brickwork of Iranian architecture was used in the Achaemenian period and it flourished and its decorative applications reached its peak in the Islamic period, especially in mosques of the Seljuk period. The mosque has been raised in the early days of Islam as a center of idea exchanges and a place of reflection, so that the prevailing architecture came into existence, based on the ideas and social views in the Islamic world. At the beginning, the exterior architecture looked very simple and its exterior was not very distinct from other architectures. But with the passage of time and the arrival of mosques in Iran, Iranian architectures’ ideas were inspired by the Islamic world and the mosque had a great impact on the sub-structure, and a diverse array of elements were added to it and adapted with Iranian and Islamic philosophy, which identifying these elements are among factors discussed and analyzed in these structures. This kind of decoration, continued until the beginning of the second Pahlavi period and then with the mainstream use of cement, iron, aluminium and new materials, the use of bricks was reduced and the art of brickwork declined. Studying the different species of brickwork and its relationship with its decorative features and applications, can be effective in its rehabilitation and re-prosperity.
{"title":"Studying the Brickwork of Islamic Mosques as Architectural Decorations","authors":"Seyed Hadi Ghoddousifar, Davoud Zarean Ms","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"Bricks are local materials and efficient architecture in Iran. Bricks are used in buildings and for decoration. Brickwork is one of the ways of decoration in architecture which is done with simple and sharp tools. Brickwork of Iranian architecture was used in the Achaemenian period and it flourished and its decorative applications reached its peak in the Islamic period, especially in mosques of the Seljuk period. The mosque has been raised in the early days of Islam as a center of idea exchanges and a place of reflection, so that the prevailing architecture came into existence, based on the ideas and social views in the Islamic world. At the beginning, the exterior architecture looked very simple and its exterior was not very distinct from other architectures. But with the passage of time and the arrival of mosques in Iran, Iranian architectures’ ideas were inspired by the Islamic world and the mosque had a great impact on the sub-structure, and a diverse array of elements were added to it and adapted with Iranian and Islamic philosophy, which identifying these elements are among factors discussed and analyzed in these structures. This kind of decoration, continued until the beginning of the second Pahlavi period and then with the mainstream use of cement, iron, aluminium and new materials, the use of bricks was reduced and the art of brickwork declined. Studying the different species of brickwork and its relationship with its decorative features and applications, can be effective in its rehabilitation and re-prosperity.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89916144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-30DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000187
J. Bredenoord
There is a huge demand for affordable urban housing in the countries of the Global South. Using locally available and/or produced building materials for housing can reduce the buildings impact on the environment. Climate conditions and natural disaster risks, which differ by region, determine the applicability of the sustainable building materials and building structures. This article focuses on five groups of building materials: bamboo, compressed earth blocks and stabilized soil blocks, interlocking blocks of recycled materials, and improved concrete panels. In all cases, technological development and exchange of knowledge with local communities are desired. In order to produce more sustainable building materials, local communities can be trained and educated with regard to house building. Making use of a local workforce and involving local resident’s in house building is beneficial for the communities. This article summarizes the main benefits and limitations of the materials and focuses on their applications in urban areas.
{"title":"Sustainable Building Materials for Low-cost Housing and the ChallengesFacing their Technological Developments: Examples and LessonsRegarding Bamboo, Earth-Block Technologies, Building Blocks of RecycledMaterials, and Improved Concrete Panels","authors":"J. Bredenoord","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"There is a huge demand for affordable urban housing in the countries of the Global South. Using locally available and/or produced building materials for housing can reduce the buildings impact on the environment. Climate conditions and natural disaster risks, which differ by region, determine the applicability of the sustainable building materials and building structures. This article focuses on five groups of building materials: bamboo, compressed earth blocks and stabilized soil blocks, interlocking blocks of recycled materials, and improved concrete panels. In all cases, technological development and exchange of knowledge with local communities are desired. In order to produce more sustainable building materials, local communities can be trained and educated with regard to house building. Making use of a local workforce and involving local resident’s in house building is beneficial for the communities. This article summarizes the main benefits and limitations of the materials and focuses on their applications in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89211921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-30DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000192
Xiaowen Ma, Gang Liu, Zhiqiang Luo, Yifan Tan, Jian-fei Lei
Green roof has been investigated to be one of the effective means for improving the building energy performance and relieving the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This study presents a case study in South China with a subtropical climate to evaluate the benefits of extensive green roof to the building energy, indoor and outdoor thermal environment through field tests and simulations. During the field tests in summer, a room on the top floor of a residential building was covered with green roof as the studied room, and another similar room with conventional roof was regarded as the reference room. The field tests showed that the green roof has better thermal behaviors in terms of heat insulation and thermal resistance capacities. The field measurements and thermal voting tests revealed that better comfort indoor thermal comfort and lower outdoor air temperature above the roof (reduction by 0.9-3°C) can be achieved using the green roof. Based on the results of field measurements and simulation study, 32.7% of the mean daily energy was saved by using the green roof for the room studied, and 0.75% of the total electricity consumption of the city was estimated to be saved if 15% of the buildings in the city are covered with green roofs.
{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Energy and Environmental Performances of an Extensive Green Roof of a Building in Subtropical Climate","authors":"Xiaowen Ma, Gang Liu, Zhiqiang Luo, Yifan Tan, Jian-fei Lei","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"Green roof has been investigated to be one of the effective means for improving the building energy performance and relieving the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This study presents a case study in South China with a subtropical climate to evaluate the benefits of extensive green roof to the building energy, indoor and outdoor thermal environment through field tests and simulations. During the field tests in summer, a room on the top floor of a residential building was covered with green roof as the studied room, and another similar room with conventional roof was regarded as the reference room. The field tests showed that the green roof has better thermal behaviors in terms of heat insulation and thermal resistance capacities. The field measurements and thermal voting tests revealed that better comfort indoor thermal comfort and lower outdoor air temperature above the roof (reduction by 0.9-3°C) can be achieved using the green roof. Based on the results of field measurements and simulation study, 32.7% of the mean daily energy was saved by using the green roof for the room studied, and 0.75% of the total electricity consumption of the city was estimated to be saved if 15% of the buildings in the city are covered with green roofs.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"167 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76712269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：