Pub Date : 2017-03-24DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000188
J. Bredenoord
This paper discusses the importance of cooperative housing through mutual assistance and collective ownership in Latin America. Cooperative housing is a form of self-managed house building, which is of great importance for a growing number of low-income households. It makes possible the access to appropriate housing for families with lowincomes, that don’t have other possibilities.The mutual self-managed cooperative housing model of the Uruguayan federation of housing cooperatives ‘FUCVAM’ offers a more effective alternative to individual, incremental self-help or self-managed housing that is still is prevalent in many countries, including in Latin America. Since 2004, the model has been implemented with the help of the NGO We Effect in seven Latin American countries: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Bolivia and Paraguay. The author investigated the development of 22 cooperatives in four Central American countries in mid-2016, and his findings are presented in this paper. The members of the cooperative are intensively involved in the construction process and activities, in order to lower the construction costs, while the houses are being constructed durably under professional supervision.
{"title":"Self-Managed Cooperative Housing by Mutual- Assistance as Introduced in Central America between 2004 and 2016; the Attractiveness of the ‘FUCVAM’ Model of Uruguay","authors":"J. Bredenoord","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000188","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the importance of cooperative housing through mutual assistance and collective ownership in Latin America. Cooperative housing is a form of self-managed house building, which is of great importance for a growing number of low-income households. It makes possible the access to appropriate housing for families with lowincomes, that don’t have other possibilities.The mutual self-managed cooperative housing model of the Uruguayan federation of housing cooperatives ‘FUCVAM’ offers a more effective alternative to individual, incremental self-help or self-managed housing that is still is prevalent in many countries, including in Latin America. Since 2004, the model has been implemented with the help of the NGO We Effect in seven Latin American countries: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Bolivia and Paraguay. The author investigated the development of 22 cooperatives in four Central American countries in mid-2016, and his findings are presented in this paper. The members of the cooperative are intensively involved in the construction process and activities, in order to lower the construction costs, while the houses are being constructed durably under professional supervision.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87779275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-21DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000189
Rana T Matarneh, S. A. Hamed
In the last decade, construction industry has witnessed a huge transformation in term of the use of digital technologies, and particularly Building Information Modelling (BIM). BIM is a revolutionary digital technology and process that is reshaping the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Though, internationally, BIM has gained a great reputation for boosting productivity in AEC industry, but it holds undeveloped possibilities for providing and supporting AEC industry in Jordan. This study aims at assessing adoption of BIM within the construction industry in Jordan. To achieve this objective, the research commenced by carrying out an intensive literature reviews on the implementation of BIM world-wide, which was utilised to identify the benefits, and challenges of BIM in construction industry. An exploratory study was then conducted using an on-line survey to identify the current level of BIM experience, and to define the perceived value, benefits and challenges facing BIM implementation. Findings reveal that the adoption and implementation of BIM in Jordan is still in a very primitive phase and it faces number of critical barriers such as, but not restricted to, the absence of government incentives, the lack of BIM standards, lack of BIM awareness, lack of BIM training, cost and resistance to change. It concludes recommendations for how the industry shall adopt BIM and integrate it within construction industry's all processes. Highlighting the synergy between the two, this paper can help AEC practitioners in Jordan recognize potential areas in which BIM can be useful in AEC practise.
{"title":"Exploring the Adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the Jordanian Construction Industry","authors":"Rana T Matarneh, S. A. Hamed","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000189","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, construction industry has witnessed a huge transformation in term of the use of digital technologies, and particularly Building Information Modelling (BIM). BIM is a revolutionary digital technology and process that is reshaping the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Though, internationally, BIM has gained a great reputation for boosting productivity in AEC industry, but it holds undeveloped possibilities for providing and supporting AEC industry in Jordan. This study aims at assessing adoption of BIM within the construction industry in Jordan. To achieve this objective, the research commenced by carrying out an intensive literature reviews on the implementation of BIM world-wide, which was utilised to identify the benefits, and challenges of BIM in construction industry. An exploratory study was then conducted using an on-line survey to identify the current level of BIM experience, and to define the perceived value, benefits and challenges facing BIM implementation. Findings reveal that the adoption and implementation of BIM in Jordan is still in a very primitive phase and it faces number of critical barriers such as, but not restricted to, the absence of government incentives, the lack of BIM standards, lack of BIM awareness, lack of BIM training, cost and resistance to change. It concludes recommendations for how the industry shall adopt BIM and integrate it within construction industry's all processes. Highlighting the synergy between the two, this paper can help AEC practitioners in Jordan recognize potential areas in which BIM can be useful in AEC practise.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82681522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-20DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000185
M. Hosseini, V. Ghobadian, R. Alizadeh
Iran is one of the most seismic countries in the world, a lot of earthquakes occur in Iran every year. Some actions and researches have been done about Earthquake Disaster Risk Management field since 1990 after large earthquake of Manjil-Rudbar in Iran. One of the main subjects of Earthquake Disaster Risk Management is Community base Disaster risk Management (CBDRM). This paper presents the idea of Earthquake Disaster Management Multipurpose Complex (EDMMC) with self-help neighborhood approach that has been proposed for making CBDRM feasible in each neighborhood of a large city like Tehran, The case study is Youssef Abad-region6-Tehran. Furthermore, in structural Design, the seismic behavior of Earthquake Disaster Management Multipurpose Complex (EDMMC) was evaluated using dynamic nonlinear analysis. In total, three different structures (the building of a training complex with a typical foundation (M1 ), the steel building of the training complex with a LRB base-isolator (M2 ), and the steel building of the training complex with rocking structural systems (M3 )) were studied applying three earthquakes of Northridge, Kobe, and Chi-Chi. Several seismic parameters were also evaluated including time history of displacement (displacementtime), time history of base shear (force-time), and the hysteresis diagram (force-displacement). The results indicate the appropriate function of the selected M2 and M3 model in controlling and decreasing the seismic responses of the structure.
{"title":"Specific Architectural and Structural Design of an Earthquake Disaster Management Multi-Purpose Complex","authors":"M. Hosseini, V. Ghobadian, R. Alizadeh","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Iran is one of the most seismic countries in the world, a lot of earthquakes occur in Iran every year. Some actions and researches have been done about Earthquake Disaster Risk Management field since 1990 after large earthquake of Manjil-Rudbar in Iran. One of the main subjects of Earthquake Disaster Risk Management is Community base Disaster risk Management (CBDRM). This paper presents the idea of Earthquake Disaster Management Multipurpose Complex (EDMMC) with self-help neighborhood approach that has been proposed for making CBDRM feasible in each neighborhood of a large city like Tehran, The case study is Youssef Abad-region6-Tehran. Furthermore, in structural Design, the seismic behavior of Earthquake Disaster Management Multipurpose Complex (EDMMC) was evaluated using dynamic nonlinear analysis. In total, three different structures (the building of a training complex with a typical foundation (M1 ), the steel building of the training complex with a LRB base-isolator (M2 ), and the steel building of the training complex with rocking structural systems (M3 )) were studied applying three earthquakes of Northridge, Kobe, and Chi-Chi. Several seismic parameters were also evaluated including time history of displacement (displacementtime), time history of base shear (force-time), and the hysteresis diagram (force-displacement). The results indicate the appropriate function of the selected M2 and M3 model in controlling and decreasing the seismic responses of the structure.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79881736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-16DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000191
Mambou Ngueyep Luc Leroy, Tchapga Gniamsi Guy Molay, Ndop Joseph, Fofe Meli Colince, Ndjaka Jean Marie bienvenu
A comparative study of the technical and economic performances of hydraulic concretes based on three sands with different geological nature has been investigated in this work. Sand from crushed basalt (SB), sand from crushed gneiss (SG) and sand from the river Sanaga were used for the formulation of these concretes. The formulation of these concretes was carried out according to the method of ‘Dreux-Gorisse’. The results of the analysis show that concrete made from crushed basalt (CSB) has very good mechanical strengths (34 MPa at 28 days) followed by concrete made with alluvial sand (CSS), (24 MPa at 28 days) and finally concrete made from crushed gneiss(CSG), (22 MPa at 28 days). This is due to the fact that basalt is a compact rock, hard, tough and also consists of hard minerals such as olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene. Nevertheless concretes made with these sands are less malleable and have blemishes after stripping due to the angularity and very sharp edges of grains of sand. Fresh concrete (CSS) prepared with river sand is more malleable than the CSB concrete and CSG concrete. Besides the technical aspect, due to the cost of transport and the scarcity of river sand, concretes made with alluvial sand is more costly (49.893 FCFA/m3 of concrete) compared to concretes made with crushed gneiss and basalt costing 47.053 FCFA and 46.854 FCFA/m3 , respectively. In view of these results, it is therefore possible to replace river sand with quarry sands in the production of concrete and then reduce the environmental problems generated by the overconsumption of alluvial sand.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Concrete Strength Using Metamorphic, Igneous,and Sedimentary Rocks (Crushed Gneiss, Crushed Basalt, Alluvial Sand) asFine Aggregate","authors":"Mambou Ngueyep Luc Leroy, Tchapga Gniamsi Guy Molay, Ndop Joseph, Fofe Meli Colince, Ndjaka Jean Marie bienvenu","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000191","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study of the technical and economic performances of hydraulic concretes based on three sands with different geological nature has been investigated in this work. Sand from crushed basalt (SB), sand from crushed gneiss (SG) and sand from the river Sanaga were used for the formulation of these concretes. The formulation of these concretes was carried out according to the method of ‘Dreux-Gorisse’. The results of the analysis show that concrete made from crushed basalt (CSB) has very good mechanical strengths (34 MPa at 28 days) followed by concrete made with alluvial sand (CSS), (24 MPa at 28 days) and finally concrete made from crushed gneiss(CSG), (22 MPa at 28 days). This is due to the fact that basalt is a compact rock, hard, tough and also consists of hard minerals such as olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene. Nevertheless concretes made with these sands are less malleable and have blemishes after stripping due to the angularity and very sharp edges of grains of sand. Fresh concrete (CSS) prepared with river sand is more malleable than the CSB concrete and CSG concrete. Besides the technical aspect, due to the cost of transport and the scarcity of river sand, concretes made with alluvial sand is more costly (49.893 FCFA/m3 of concrete) compared to concretes made with crushed gneiss and basalt costing 47.053 FCFA and 46.854 FCFA/m3 , respectively. In view of these results, it is therefore possible to replace river sand with quarry sands in the production of concrete and then reduce the environmental problems generated by the overconsumption of alluvial sand.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81070248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-16DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000186
E. Rico, E. Llabres
{"title":"Parameters vs. Values: Towards a Relational Construction of Space","authors":"E. Rico, E. Llabres","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80481005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-12DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000183
Golnar Kiani, Rahinah Ibrahim, Kalinah
Although many scholars have developed natural fibres as reinforcements for industrial composite materials, the available information regarding these natural fibres is insufficient. For rapid manufacturing (RM) systems and products, the main materials used are thermoplastic materials, epoxy resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic, and polyester materials. Natural and biodegradable composites provide important environmental advantages to the automotive industry, and sustainability, eco-friendliness, and obtaining green chemistry materials are the main objectives for the development of industrial materials, products, and systems. Biocomposites may be a viable substitute for glass fibre-reinforced composites in automotive by-products and partial building applications. However, to obtain stronger products, hybridisation of these so-called natural fibres with other fibres is necessary. Biocomposites employ polymers as matrices, resulting in lighter, stronger, and more costeffective products that, at the same time, can be melted, sintered, or solidified, similar to RM systems. The combination of Kenaf bast fibres, a type of natural fibre, with polymer matrices results in satisfactory performance that can compete with synthetic fibre composites. However, the RM process of the fibre composites requires special attention and investigation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of special features of RM on Kenaf/carbon hybrid composites by simulating processing steps and assessing the resulting properties. The tensile and shear strengths of the end products were of reasonable values compared with carbon or Kenaf/polymer matrices.
{"title":"Compatible Kenaf Composites with the Rapid Manufacturing Concept of Prefab Building Components","authors":"Golnar Kiani, Rahinah Ibrahim, Kalinah","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"Although many scholars have developed natural fibres as reinforcements for industrial composite materials, the available information regarding these natural fibres is insufficient. For rapid manufacturing (RM) systems and products, the main materials used are thermoplastic materials, epoxy resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic, and polyester materials. Natural and biodegradable composites provide important environmental advantages to the automotive industry, and sustainability, eco-friendliness, and obtaining green chemistry materials are the main objectives for the development of industrial materials, products, and systems. Biocomposites may be a viable substitute for glass fibre-reinforced composites in automotive by-products and partial building applications. However, to obtain stronger products, hybridisation of these so-called natural fibres with other fibres is necessary. Biocomposites employ polymers as matrices, resulting in lighter, stronger, and more costeffective products that, at the same time, can be melted, sintered, or solidified, similar to RM systems. The combination of Kenaf bast fibres, a type of natural fibre, with polymer matrices results in satisfactory performance that can compete with synthetic fibre composites. However, the RM process of the fibre composites requires special attention and investigation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of special features of RM on Kenaf/carbon hybrid composites by simulating processing steps and assessing the resulting properties. The tensile and shear strengths of the end products were of reasonable values compared with carbon or Kenaf/polymer matrices.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"188 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76954660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-30DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000184
R. Babakhani
side in the spaces for a long time and exposed to different radiated energies of color and regular radiation of the colors make longer effects on sprit of space users and it has longer durability. In current world situation, in which psychological and spiritual problems arise in different layers of society, most of the problems are the result of the environmental effects, and this is the environment, causing intellectual deviation of people, home and city considered as environment in which city is composed of mass of homes. Conditioning relax and pleasant environment provided at homes and individuals in the home live together peacefully, the city and society approach relaxation, however, color and light considered as factors cause relaxation and/or stress, which bear strong and deep effect due to endurance. One shall provide a relax and happy environment through correcting interior decoration and using the light and natural colors as well as their effects. In this study, we move toward an environment in which at first color and lighting composed of organic/natural components, colors and lights directed toward natural colors, second, lighting and color of public places shall increase social communications and we prioritize using colors leading spiritual and psychological relaxation. Meanwhile, we shall remind appropriate use of artificial lights, since most of people are not aware of artificial light`s side-effect, neither know their disadvantageous aspects. All researchers know that whatever exists in nature is useful and considering man-made things, although there are useful aspect, its considered as an artificial one and its use bears side-effect, since its an artificial and non-natural thing, and all non-natural things bear environmental side-effect, including spiritual and psychological one, etc. One shall consider side-effects of artificial spectrum and lights in current life of human being, and use them with caution.
{"title":"Color and Light in Architecture and its Effects on Spirits of Space Users in a Psychological View","authors":"R. Babakhani","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"side in the spaces for a long time and exposed to different radiated energies of color and regular radiation of the colors make longer effects on sprit of space users and it has longer durability. In current world situation, in which psychological and spiritual problems arise in different layers of society, most of the problems are the result of the environmental effects, and this is the environment, causing intellectual deviation of people, home and city considered as environment in which city is composed of mass of homes. Conditioning relax and pleasant environment provided at homes and individuals in the home live together peacefully, the city and society approach relaxation, however, color and light considered as factors cause relaxation and/or stress, which bear strong and deep effect due to endurance. One shall provide a relax and happy environment through correcting interior decoration and using the light and natural colors as well as their effects. In this study, we move toward an environment in which at first color and lighting composed of organic/natural components, colors and lights directed toward natural colors, second, lighting and color of public places shall increase social communications and we prioritize using colors leading spiritual and psychological relaxation. Meanwhile, we shall remind appropriate use of artificial lights, since most of people are not aware of artificial light`s side-effect, neither know their disadvantageous aspects. All researchers know that whatever exists in nature is useful and considering man-made things, although there are useful aspect, its considered as an artificial one and its use bears side-effect, since its an artificial and non-natural thing, and all non-natural things bear environmental side-effect, including spiritual and psychological one, etc. One shall consider side-effects of artificial spectrum and lights in current life of human being, and use them with caution.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90195363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000169
Grini Abdelouaheb, B. Abdelhalim
Segregation is the separation of the components of fresh concrete or mortar, which can be caused by bad proportioning, insufficient mixing or excessive vibration. There are several tests which can be measured on hardened concrete or at the beginning of hardening. These are generally based on the percentage of the Fine aggregates between the top and the bottom of the samples. Concrete segregation has been tested trough three usual techniques, sieve, column and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Correlations were performed between various segregation indexes (sieve segregation index, column resistance index and ultrasonic resistance index) to test whether the ultrasonic method is efficient compared to the traditional methods. The fresh concrete segregation was firstly assessed on 17 different samples by the sieve segregation index test. The same 17 fresh samples were pre-hardened for an hour in vertical channel (dimension of 100 x 100 x 500 mm), and sub-samples from bottom and top were tested by counting Fine aggregates. Ultrasonic velocities were previously measured on the same samples and possible differences between the top and the bottom were assessed. Six concrete mixtures from the entire samples presented sieve segregation index lower than 15% and segregation resistance by counting course aggregates higher than 95%. These six stable samples have an ultrasonic segregation index approaching 100%. The remaining samples are found to be unstable concretes: sieve segregation index higher than 15%; resistance index "ð" lower than 65% and an ultrasonic index of segregation "u" lower than 80%. The ultrasonic pulse velocity method could be a quick and easily alternative in testing segregation of both fresh and hardened concrete.
离析是新拌混凝土或砂浆组分的分离，其原因可能是配合比差、搅拌不足或过度振动。有几种测试可以在硬化混凝土上或在硬化初期进行测量。这些通常是基于样品顶部和底部之间的细集料的百分比。采用筛分、柱分和超声脉冲速度三种常用技术对混凝土进行了离析试验。通过对各偏析指标(筛分偏析指标、柱阻力指标和超声波阻力指标)进行相关性分析，验证超声方法与传统方法相比是否有效。通过筛分指标试验，首先对17种不同试样的新拌混凝土进行了离析评价。相同的17个新鲜样品在垂直通道(尺寸为100 x 100 x 500 mm)中预硬化1小时，并从底部和顶部分样品进行细集料计数测试。超声波速度之前在相同的样品上进行了测量，并评估了顶部和底部之间可能的差异。6种混合料的筛分偏析指数小于15%，按层骨料计算的偏析阻力大于95%。这6个稳定样品的超声偏析指数接近100%。其余试样为不稳定混凝土:筛分偏析指数大于15%;阻力指数“ð”≤65%，超声偏析指数“u”≤80%。超声脉冲速度法是一种快速简便的新混凝土和硬化混凝土离析试验方法。
{"title":"Investigation of Concrete Segregation by Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity","authors":"Grini Abdelouaheb, B. Abdelhalim","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"Segregation is the separation of the components of fresh concrete or mortar, which can be caused by bad proportioning, insufficient mixing or excessive vibration. There are several tests which can be measured on hardened concrete or at the beginning of hardening. These are generally based on the percentage of the Fine aggregates between the top and the bottom of the samples. Concrete segregation has been tested trough three usual techniques, sieve, column and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Correlations were performed between various segregation indexes (sieve segregation index, column resistance index and ultrasonic resistance index) to test whether the ultrasonic method is efficient compared to the traditional methods. The fresh concrete segregation was firstly assessed on 17 different samples by the sieve segregation index test. The same 17 fresh samples were pre-hardened for an hour in vertical channel (dimension of 100 x 100 x 500 mm), and sub-samples from bottom and top were tested by counting Fine aggregates. Ultrasonic velocities were previously measured on the same samples and possible differences between the top and the bottom were assessed. Six concrete mixtures from the entire samples presented sieve segregation index lower than 15% and segregation resistance by counting course aggregates higher than 95%. These six stable samples have an ultrasonic segregation index approaching 100%. The remaining samples are found to be unstable concretes: sieve segregation index higher than 15%; resistance index \"ð\" lower than 65% and an ultrasonic index of segregation \"u\" lower than 80%. The ultrasonic pulse velocity method could be a quick and easily alternative in testing segregation of both fresh and hardened concrete.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75615602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000182
S. Jg
Hospital are shown to be suitable facilities for installation of thermal production systems based on biomass, provided their high rates of hot domestic water consumption as well as the high heating and cooling energy needs. Given the particular features of this type of buildings, amortization would be guaranteed by continuous operation of equipment. In addition, it is enhanced that the promotion of biomass as renewable energy source might help create and consolidate a native biomass market (at emerging stage at beginning of this project and currently at consolidation stage) which will eventually serve to improve economic development in rural areas.
{"title":"Analysis of the Use of Thermal Biomass on Healthcare Centers in Extremadura (Spain)","authors":"S. Jg","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"Hospital are shown to be suitable facilities for installation of thermal production systems based on biomass, provided their high rates of hot domestic water consumption as well as the high heating and cooling energy needs. Given the particular features of this type of buildings, amortization would be guaranteed by continuous operation of equipment. In addition, it is enhanced that the promotion of biomass as renewable energy source might help create and consolidate a native biomass market (at emerging stage at beginning of this project and currently at consolidation stage) which will eventually serve to improve economic development in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81914725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000180
M. Tadi, Vahabzadeh Manesh Sh, H. Mohammadzadeh, G. Gori
Nowadays the environmental ramifications of urban development have become crystal clear. Subsequently, the main headline is how one should implement practical methods to tackle urban growth and environmental issues simultaneously. How should one integrate urbanization and the issue of saving natural resources? How design strategies could contribute to climate mitigation and emission reduction? Is urban morphology correlated with these issues? And eventually, how can the urban transformation be performed, retrofitted and monitored in order to achieve a more sustainable result? A strictly sectorial approach could result in neglecting mutual dependencies of these demands. Conversely, an integrated approach can help to sharpen a better comprehension of the different performances of different urban assessment. IMM®, Integrated Modification Methodology, is a multi-stage, iterative process, applied to urban complex systems, for improving the metabolism of the city as well as its energy performance. The method has been depicted through prior publications by the authors; hence, the current paper solely focuses on one stage of the multi-stage IMM method. Due to the fact that the majority of predicted urban growth will occur in megacities of developing countries, totalling 5% of the earth population, the article presents a case study Janeiro using the IMM method to propose urban improvements on the megacity of Rio de Janeiro.
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