Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000168
William Allin Storrer
{"title":"And Then There was the Catalog","authors":"William Allin Storrer","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88367997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000206
Ezezue Am, D. Jo
Consideration of indoor air quality is a known practice in building and home design in developed Countries, and appropriate measures are taken during design for residential health. This is not so in developing economies. There is a dearth of research work on indoor air quality. Yet there is high level of exposure of the population to indoor air pollutants in residential buildings in these regions of the world. Building designers are yet to consider this problem in their designs. A major cause of indoor air pollution is the traditional method of cooking using dirty fuels. At present, no designs in these regions take cognizance of the use of these dirty fuels. This study addresses the problem of indoor air pollution of residential buildings in these areas. The study adopts ‘International Environmental Protection Agencies’ Evaluation Methodology, involving the use of Building Physics Equipment; Light House Laser Particle Counters; Carbon Monoxide and Extech DCO 1001, that measures particulates, carbon monoxide, indoor relative humidity, indoor temperature, and carbon dioxide quality respectively. Subjective assessment using questionnaire is also adopted. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results reveal that indoor air quality problem is common in the study area. The major pollutants identified in the study included: gases, steam, particles of dust and fibers, most of which are from internal indoor combustions. The result of the analysis also reveals that the factor loadings yielded a high cumulative percentage of the measured variables, in other words, a high concentration of the pollutants in the indoor air mass. The study recommends a new approach in residential buildings design that ensures immediate removal of indoor air pollutants from their source of generation.
{"title":"Investigation of Indoor Air Quality of Residential Buildings in Enugu, Nigeria","authors":"Ezezue Am, D. Jo","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000206","url":null,"abstract":"Consideration of indoor air quality is a known practice in building and home design in developed Countries, and appropriate measures are taken during design for residential health. This is not so in developing economies. There is a dearth of research work on indoor air quality. Yet there is high level of exposure of the population to indoor air pollutants in residential buildings in these regions of the world. Building designers are yet to consider this problem in their designs. A major cause of indoor air pollution is the traditional method of cooking using dirty fuels. At present, no designs in these regions take cognizance of the use of these dirty fuels. This study addresses the problem of indoor air pollution of residential buildings in these areas. The study adopts ‘International Environmental Protection Agencies’ Evaluation Methodology, involving the use of Building Physics Equipment; Light House Laser Particle Counters; Carbon Monoxide and Extech DCO 1001, that measures particulates, carbon monoxide, indoor relative humidity, indoor temperature, and carbon dioxide quality respectively. Subjective assessment using questionnaire is also adopted. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results reveal that indoor air quality problem is common in the study area. The major pollutants identified in the study included: gases, steam, particles of dust and fibers, most of which are from internal indoor combustions. The result of the analysis also reveals that the factor loadings yielded a high cumulative percentage of the measured variables, in other words, a high concentration of the pollutants in the indoor air mass. The study recommends a new approach in residential buildings design that ensures immediate removal of indoor air pollutants from their source of generation.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91179896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000166
A. Tesfaye
Addis Ababa is functioning both as the political and commercial capital of Ethiopia and the seat for the African Union. This fact, together with its escalating leap in growth in reference to the rest of the cities in Ethiopia, led to an ever-growing amount of influx of people from all over the country to Addis Ababa. These people attracted by the "promising" city, migrate to Addis Ababa looking mainly for education and better job opportunities. This phenomenon through the past decades has shown itself as one of the major causes for the formation of informal structures and systems within the city of Addis Ababa. The city of Addis Ababa has now places in its tissue named after smaller cities, towns and villages around the country. These parts of the city play the main role in the rural-urban flow by being temporary places for the people who come from the farthest areas of the country. They serve as entry nodes into the main system of the city.
{"title":"Places of Transit the Entries to Addis Ababa","authors":"A. Tesfaye","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"Addis Ababa is functioning both as the political and commercial capital of Ethiopia and the seat for the African Union. This fact, together with its escalating leap in growth in reference to the rest of the cities in Ethiopia, led to an ever-growing amount of influx of people from all over the country to Addis Ababa. These people attracted by the \"promising\" city, migrate to Addis Ababa looking mainly for education and better job opportunities. This phenomenon through the past decades has shown itself as one of the major causes for the formation of informal structures and systems within the city of Addis Ababa. The city of Addis Ababa has now places in its tissue named after smaller cities, towns and villages around the country. These parts of the city play the main role in the rural-urban flow by being temporary places for the people who come from the farthest areas of the country. They serve as entry nodes into the main system of the city.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81315006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000190
T. Aljohani
Climate change is one of the most serious threats our world faces today. The energy-supply side is the number one contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, and responsible for almost 35% of the total emissions. In response to such facts, there have been actions to phase-out from generating electrical energy from conventional power plants that depend upon fossil fuels (mainly coal and oil) which produces steam to run the electrical generators. Among so many present-day alternatives, the Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) power plant has emerged as one of the most efficient technologies for generating electricity, while being environmentally clean and economically viable. The basic concept of the ISCC scheme depends upon the integration of two power generation systems; the solar section that generates power by utilizing solar irradiation, and the gas-fired combined cycle section that depends upon natural gas, the cleanest among fossil fuel. This technology is credited with having low carbon emissions as well as high operational efficiency. This is due to the presence of the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) system, which increases the overall generation efficiency in the plant to almost 50%. The first ISCC power station was inaugurated in the summer of 2010 in Morocco, known as the Ain Beni Mathar (ABM) power plant. The goal of this work is to apply the system architectural methodologies in order to better understand and analyze the performance and concept of operation of ISCC technology. We will use the world’s first ISCC station as a model in this paper
{"title":"The System Architecture of the Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC)Power Plant: The Case of Ain Beni Mathar Morocco","authors":"T. Aljohani","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000190","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the most serious threats our world faces today. The energy-supply side is the number one contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, and responsible for almost 35% of the total emissions. In response to such facts, there have been actions to phase-out from generating electrical energy from conventional power plants that depend upon fossil fuels (mainly coal and oil) which produces steam to run the electrical generators. Among so many present-day alternatives, the Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) power plant has emerged as one of the most efficient technologies for generating electricity, while being environmentally clean and economically viable. The basic concept of the ISCC scheme depends upon the integration of two power generation systems; the solar section that generates power by utilizing solar irradiation, and the gas-fired combined cycle section that depends upon natural gas, the cleanest among fossil fuel. This technology is credited with having low carbon emissions as well as high operational efficiency. This is due to the presence of the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) system, which increases the overall generation efficiency in the plant to almost 50%. The first ISCC power station was inaugurated in the summer of 2010 in Morocco, known as the Ain Beni Mathar (ABM) power plant. The goal of this work is to apply the system architectural methodologies in order to better understand and analyze the performance and concept of operation of ISCC technology. We will use the world’s first ISCC station as a model in this paper","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73739424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000177
S. Ali, K. Krishnamurthy, C. Arun, Ladheedha Nasrin Ka, S. James, N. Mathew, A. Sujatha, Sumayya Pm
Innovations in construction ‘time waste’ management are scarce. Construction delays are usually caused by time wastes at activity levels, and scholarly studies primarily don't deal in explaining waste at singular activity levels. Experience based heuristics play the most important role in fixing the duration of activities by managers. But, construction activities are prone to highly improbable and complex process flows, making heuristics unreliable. This happens due because the probabilities of construction uncertainties in one project being similar in forthcoming projects are meagerly low. Thus, the experience gained by the project management personnel over the years, may not be handy at predicting actual durations and costs of the forthcoming project with sufficient accuracy. The only practical solution would be a fixation of cost and time standards for singular construction activities based on the complete history of projects completed and those personnel involved in it. In a nutshell, it would mean globalizing or at least nationalizing heuristic data of delays and wastes in order to facilitate meaningful future predictions. This can be achieved by devising a mechanism of centralization of construction process related data into a single entity at the national/international level - Data Collection System (DCS). As part of this system, synchronization of personnel and construction site data should take place at every instance a new construction process is activated anywhere within the boundary of existing DCS. A collection of inventory data, material data, labor data, stakeholder data, activity delay data, time waste data, etc. should form the core data in this data center. Data obtained from heuristics should then be converted to mathematical distributions that could then be used for predictions in future construction scenarios. This would result in giving better and better results as the process of data entry proceeds. The scope of this study is limited to construction activities from Indian construction sites involving core and shell in buildings. “Cost overrun” in: (1) Beam and slab construction, (2) Column construction and, (3) Block work is mathematically modeled as probability distributions. US naval code NAVFAC P-405 is employed for site independent duration calculation. As part of this study, steps on using NAVFAC – 405 in calculating delays are explored in detail. Beta, Normal, and extreme value distributions were seen to fit cost overruns in these activities. This could then be entered into the DCS.
{"title":"Waste Data Processing Algorithm in Singular Construction Activities: A Case Involving Implementation of NAVFAC P-405","authors":"S. Ali, K. Krishnamurthy, C. Arun, Ladheedha Nasrin Ka, S. James, N. Mathew, A. Sujatha, Sumayya Pm","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"Innovations in construction ‘time waste’ management are scarce. Construction delays are usually caused by time wastes at activity levels, and scholarly studies primarily don't deal in explaining waste at singular activity levels. Experience based heuristics play the most important role in fixing the duration of activities by managers. But, construction activities are prone to highly improbable and complex process flows, making heuristics unreliable. This happens due because the probabilities of construction uncertainties in one project being similar in forthcoming projects are meagerly low. Thus, the experience gained by the project management personnel over the years, may not be handy at predicting actual durations and costs of the forthcoming project with sufficient accuracy. The only practical solution would be a fixation of cost and time standards for singular construction activities based on the complete history of projects completed and those personnel involved in it. In a nutshell, it would mean globalizing or at least nationalizing heuristic data of delays and wastes in order to facilitate meaningful future predictions. This can be achieved by devising a mechanism of centralization of construction process related data into a single entity at the national/international level - Data Collection System (DCS). As part of this system, synchronization of personnel and construction site data should take place at every instance a new construction process is activated anywhere within the boundary of existing DCS. A collection of inventory data, material data, labor data, stakeholder data, activity delay data, time waste data, etc. should form the core data in this data center. Data obtained from heuristics should then be converted to mathematical distributions that could then be used for predictions in future construction scenarios. This would result in giving better and better results as the process of data entry proceeds. The scope of this study is limited to construction activities from Indian construction sites involving core and shell in buildings. “Cost overrun” in: (1) Beam and slab construction, (2) Column construction and, (3) Block work is mathematically modeled as probability distributions. US naval code NAVFAC P-405 is employed for site independent duration calculation. As part of this study, steps on using NAVFAC – 405 in calculating delays are explored in detail. Beta, Normal, and extreme value distributions were seen to fit cost overruns in these activities. This could then be entered into the DCS.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"203 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73578546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000172
D. Fisher-Gewirtzman
Buildings have been reused throughout history. The current discourse of diverse trends in preservation together with awareness for sustainable environments has led to a surge in adaptive reuse projects. The combination of new and old architecture ensures the retaining of authentic character while providing an appropriate new use and revitalizing the structure. Learning from precedents is one of the most important knowledge bases for architects. It has many layers of knowledge referring to the old building and its original use, the transformed building and its new use, and the transformation itself. The objective of this work is to propose a theoretical and practical background for a systematic process to support adaptive reuse architecture precedent E-learning. A procedure for the analysis has been developed to fit the specific nature of this architecture data. This paper is presenting the analysis principles and demonstrates the system as a powerful infrastructure for E-learning.
{"title":"Adaptive Reuse Architecture Documentation and Analysis","authors":"D. Fisher-Gewirtzman","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000172","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings have been reused throughout history. The current discourse of diverse trends in preservation together with awareness for sustainable environments has led to a surge in adaptive reuse projects. The combination of new and old architecture ensures the retaining of authentic character while providing an appropriate new use and revitalizing the structure. Learning from precedents is one of the most important knowledge bases for architects. It has many layers of knowledge referring to the old building and its original use, the transformed building and its new use, and the transformation itself. The objective of this work is to propose a theoretical and practical background for a systematic process to support adaptive reuse architecture precedent E-learning. A procedure for the analysis has been developed to fit the specific nature of this architecture data. This paper is presenting the analysis principles and demonstrates the system as a powerful infrastructure for E-learning.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75583718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000178
S. Saleem
The whirlwind of urbanization which the world witnessed in recent times has swallowed most of the land that was available to humans. In some way or the other, this phenomenon has contributed to consumption of land either as a means or as an end of change. With passage of time, as land started to fall short in comparison to the demands of urbanization, urban planners took the vertical direction, which meant building structures with dazzling heights. In its inception the tall buildings did come across as a reprieve to the perennial problems of horizontal expansion, since it offered more space with least land consumption. Not only did it occupied less space than low rises or horizontal structures, it also offered quite a few services at the same place which intrigued both planners and dwellers alike. But the concept of vertical construction or tall buildings is not without drawbacks. There are issues which are both inherent to them and consequent of them. There are issues like social isolation, environmental pollution, complexity of construction arise due to living in a tall building and also due to the very existence of the same. Not only is the construction of the tall building is problem but if not properly planned or managed, its very existence can become a menace to the urban dwelling. This paper shall attempt to bring to fore the drawbacks of vertical growth in light of threats and challenges it poses to urban dwellers.
{"title":"Issue Related to Vertical Growth and Development","authors":"S. Saleem","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"The whirlwind of urbanization which the world witnessed in recent times has swallowed most of the land that was available to humans. In some way or the other, this phenomenon has contributed to consumption of land either as a means or as an end of change. With passage of time, as land started to fall short in comparison to the demands of urbanization, urban planners took the vertical direction, which meant building structures with dazzling heights. In its inception the tall buildings did come across as a reprieve to the perennial problems of horizontal expansion, since it offered more space with least land consumption. Not only did it occupied less space than low rises or horizontal structures, it also offered quite a few services at the same place which intrigued both planners and dwellers alike. But the concept of vertical construction or tall buildings is not without drawbacks. There are issues which are both inherent to them and consequent of them. There are issues like social isolation, environmental pollution, complexity of construction arise due to living in a tall building and also due to the very existence of the same. Not only is the construction of the tall building is problem but if not properly planned or managed, its very existence can become a menace to the urban dwelling. This paper shall attempt to bring to fore the drawbacks of vertical growth in light of threats and challenges it poses to urban dwellers.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90803360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000176
Asegedew Shemelis
This review is a critique of a masterpiece “Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media” written by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky. The paper entirely attempts to critique the paradigm of Propaganda Model (PM) applied as a framework to criticize the performance and structural behavior of U.S mainstream media system. The review relies entirely on the book. Greater emphasis is given to the framework of the book-Propaganda Model. Herman and Chomsky adapted it into Manufacturing Consent, as it suggests that ‘consent’ or shared understanding is cooked (manufactured) by elites “specialized classes” as the authors name them. The big media are controlled by few profit-seeking owners; therefore, they do not encourage free flow of news and analysis that are solely against the other end of their interest. Due to this reason, ‘realities’ are preferred to be fabricated and disseminated to the mass. For such solid justification, the authors developed the propaganda model to evaluate the performance of media in U.S. in exploring the main print and broadcast platforms, they used the model as a framework; and the writers of this review article sought the model from that perspective and exerted effort to critique arguments.
{"title":"A Critique of Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky’s Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media","authors":"Asegedew Shemelis","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000176","url":null,"abstract":"This review is a critique of a masterpiece “Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media” written by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky. The paper entirely attempts to critique the paradigm of Propaganda Model (PM) applied as a framework to criticize the performance and structural behavior of U.S mainstream media system. The review relies entirely on the book. Greater emphasis is given to the framework of the book-Propaganda Model. Herman and Chomsky adapted it into Manufacturing Consent, as it suggests that ‘consent’ or shared understanding is cooked (manufactured) by elites “specialized classes” as the authors name them. The big media are controlled by few profit-seeking owners; therefore, they do not encourage free flow of news and analysis that are solely against the other end of their interest. Due to this reason, ‘realities’ are preferred to be fabricated and disseminated to the mass. For such solid justification, the authors developed the propaganda model to evaluate the performance of media in U.S. in exploring the main print and broadcast platforms, they used the model as a framework; and the writers of this review article sought the model from that perspective and exerted effort to critique arguments.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81354702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000173
Diala I Atiyat
The places which are considered child friendly exceed the reserved places for children such as parks and children’s corners. The children need to be given the approval to gain entry to their city with its various spaces, in addition to presenting the children with spaces that they can own and use freely. Achieving this is consequential, for it can play a major role in benefitting the child in all aspects, it can also give the child the opportunity to have the knowledge and understanding of what it means to be a mature and a respected part of the society. This article aims to highlight these aspects. It is imperative to allow the children in Amman city to spend time outside in the open air instead of spending time at home. The paper at hand will go through different approaches to get to the optimum child friendly environment by following strategies that ensure the establishment of cities that can be considered as child friendly, in addition to highlighting the importance of such approaches on the long run both on the society and on the children.
{"title":"Relationship of Children psychology and the use of public parks; case study of Jbaiha Amman Jordan","authors":"Diala I Atiyat","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"The places which are considered child friendly exceed the reserved places for children such as parks and children’s corners. The children need to be given the approval to gain entry to their city with its various spaces, in addition to presenting the children with spaces that they can own and use freely. Achieving this is consequential, for it can play a major role in benefitting the child in all aspects, it can also give the child the opportunity to have the knowledge and understanding of what it means to be a mature and a respected part of the society. This article aims to highlight these aspects. It is imperative to allow the children in Amman city to spend time outside in the open air instead of spending time at home. The paper at hand will go through different approaches to get to the optimum child friendly environment by following strategies that ensure the establishment of cities that can be considered as child friendly, in addition to highlighting the importance of such approaches on the long run both on the society and on the children.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74443016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000208
Han Congyao
The cognitive paradigm of the “homology between writing and imagery” has long existed in China. Such a cultural mode of “homology between writing and imagery” or even “homogeneity between writing and imagery” led to the creation of the grand system of Chinese civilization. Prior to the invention of characters, the civilization of imagery single-handedly undertook the task of recording history and symbolizing the external world. After the maturation of the writing system, it harmoniously coexisted with and complemented the writings. “Imagery is (defined by) its terseness,” while “writing (boasts of) its broadness.” Hence, the rich history and tradition of “images on the left and historical records on the right” came into being in Chinese culture. Only in the modern times did imagery’s social function decline. At present, studies on Chinese cultural history by focusing on writings have abounded. By comparison, those focusing on imagery as the vehicle of Chinese culture are still lacking. I have not seen works on culture of imagery in China with detailed materials and complete structure. There are few research articles in this regard, too. “As (one) intends to know the great Way, (one) must work on history first.” In the process of bringing about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it is vital to revive Chinese culture first to present the whole world an unbroken system of civilization with tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of years. Such a visual or graphical historical heritage and cultural mode are different from the phonetic system in Euro-American countries, because they transcend the linguistic cognitive mode and logic and thus contributed to the making of the unique civilizational form, wisdom, and a distinctive cultural lineage of imagery in China.
{"title":"A New Territory to Chart in History: On the Production of a Cultural History of Imagery in China: A Hundred-Volume Work","authors":"Han Congyao","doi":"10.4172/2168-9717.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"The cognitive paradigm of the “homology between writing and imagery” has long existed in China. Such a cultural mode of “homology between writing and imagery” or even “homogeneity between writing and imagery” led to the creation of the grand system of Chinese civilization. Prior to the invention of characters, the civilization of imagery single-handedly undertook the task of recording history and symbolizing the external world. After the maturation of the writing system, it harmoniously coexisted with and complemented the writings. “Imagery is (defined by) its terseness,” while “writing (boasts of) its broadness.” Hence, the rich history and tradition of “images on the left and historical records on the right” came into being in Chinese culture. Only in the modern times did imagery’s social function decline. At present, studies on Chinese cultural history by focusing on writings have abounded. By comparison, those focusing on imagery as the vehicle of Chinese culture are still lacking. I have not seen works on culture of imagery in China with detailed materials and complete structure. There are few research articles in this regard, too. “As (one) intends to know the great Way, (one) must work on history first.” In the process of bringing about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it is vital to revive Chinese culture first to present the whole world an unbroken system of civilization with tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of years. Such a visual or graphical historical heritage and cultural mode are different from the phonetic system in Euro-American countries, because they transcend the linguistic cognitive mode and logic and thus contributed to the making of the unique civilizational form, wisdom, and a distinctive cultural lineage of imagery in China.","PeriodicalId":15092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology","volume":"83 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77147028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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