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The Impact Of Indigenous Community-Based Groups Towards Social Development 土著社区群体对社会发展的影响
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/INDILINGA.V7I1.26391
J. Makhubele
Successful realisation of social development goals and objectives requires the effectiveharnessing, harmonising and rationalising of indigenous community based groups withintheir indigenous cultures. These groups have to be identified, work together and beappreciated as they add value and improve the quality of life of people in their localities.They are self-propelled social enterprises and visible in community events ranging fromweddings, funerals and xiseveseve (mutual aid groups). These groups are not recognisedand supported by both private and public sector institutions, let alone funded as they arenot registered as Non-Profit Organizations (NPO), close corporations (cc) or trusts toaccess funding from government and/or other donors. Working in groups is indigenous toAfrican communities and has far-reaching effects, which reverberate beyond the boundariesof these groups and has historically been an embodiment of the way of life, custodianof customs, traditions and cultures and provide venue where ideals of mutuality, sharingand giving can be developed. They are community development interventions aimed atmeeting social development goals. Since it is an undisputable fact that indigenous Africanpeople are by nature highly gregarious, they are of help to each other socially, economicallyand spiritually during their events. Keywords : Indigenous knowledge, social development, natural groups. Indilinga Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 37-46
社会发展目标和目的的成功实现需要在土著文化中有效地利用、协调和合理化以土著社区为基础的群体。必须确定这些群体,共同努力,并在他们增加价值和改善当地人民生活质量时予以赞赏。他们是自我推动的社会企业,在社区活动中随处可见,从婚礼、葬礼到互助会。这些团体没有得到私营和公共部门机构的认可和支持,更不用说资金了,因为它们没有注册为非营利组织(NPO)、封闭公司(cc)或信托基金,无法从政府和/或其他捐助者那里获得资金。在群体中工作是非洲社区固有的,具有深远的影响,其影响超出了这些群体的界限,并且在历史上一直是生活方式的体现,是习俗、传统和文化的守护者,并提供了可以发展互助、分享和给予理想的场所。它们是旨在实现社会发展目标的社区发展干预措施。因为这是一个不争的事实,即非洲土著人民天生具有高度的群居性,所以在他们的活动中,他们在社会、经济和精神上都会互相帮助。关键词:本土知识,社会发展,自然群体。《印染》Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 37-46
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引用次数: 10
Role Of Indigenous Knowledge In Enhancing Household Food Security: A Case Study Of Mukungwe, Masaka District, Central Uganda 土著知识在加强家庭粮食安全中的作用:乌干达中部马萨卡地区穆昆圭的案例研究
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/INDILINGA.V7I1.26394
J. Agea, Eddyson Lugangwa, J. Obua, R. Kambugu
This study examined and documented the role of indigenous knowledge in enhancing household food security in Uganda focussing on Mukungwe sub-county, Masaka district. It specifically identified the indigenous practices which enhances household food security; determined the extent of use indigenous knowledge versus western knowledge in enhancing household food security; identified the factors that limit the use of indigenous practices in enhancing food security. The data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, personal interviews and group discussions. The finding showed that many people depend on the use of indigenous knowledge practices in sustaining subsistence farming and enhancing household food security. Majority of farmers mulch their crops using local materials like coffee husks while others use locally concocted pesticides to control pestssuch as maize stem borers and cabbage diamondback moths. Use of locally mademortars and stones to pound and grind foodstuffs such as groundnuts was common.Fresh cassava and potato tubers were buried into the soil to increase their shelf-life. Thereis a need to build strong awareness programs by extension agents on indigenous knowledge systems in order for farmers to appreciate its role in enhancing household foodsecurity in especially rural areas where the factors of production is scarce. Keywords : Local knowledge, indigenous practices, food security, Uganda. Indilinga Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 64-71
本研究考察并记录了土著知识在加强乌干达家庭粮食安全方面的作用,重点是马萨卡区Mukungwe副县。它具体确定了加强家庭粮食安全的土著做法;确定本地知识与西方知识在加强家庭粮食安全方面的使用程度;确定了限制在加强粮食安全方面使用土著做法的因素。数据是通过半结构化问卷调查、个人访谈和小组讨论收集的。调查结果表明,许多人依靠使用土著知识实践来维持自给农业和加强家庭粮食安全。大多数农民使用当地的材料,如咖啡皮来覆盖他们的作物,而其他人则使用当地调制的杀虫剂来控制玉米茎蛀虫和白菜小菜蛾等害虫。使用当地的土豆泥和石头来捣碎和研磨诸如花生之类的食物是很常见的。新鲜的木薯和马铃薯块茎被埋在土壤中,以延长它们的保质期。推广机构需要建立强大的土著知识体系意识项目,以便农民认识到其在加强家庭粮食安全方面的作用,特别是在生产要素匮乏的农村地区。关键词:当地知识,土著实践,粮食安全,乌干达印染卷7 (1)2008:pp. 64-71
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引用次数: 35
The dominance of the spirit of neo-liberal capitalism in contemporary higher education practices in post-colonial Africa: a reconstruction of an African ethic of indigenisation 后殖民时代非洲当代高等教育实践中新自由资本主义精神的主导地位:非洲本土化伦理的重建
Pub Date : 2008-05-15 DOI: 10.4314/INDILINGA.V6I1.26413
Munyaradzi Felix Murove, G. Mukuka
This paper argues that while there are some academic efforts have been madeto fulfil the need to indigenise African universities, these efforts have been greatly overshadowed by the hegemony that neo-liberal capitalistic practices have at our contemporary African universities. The post-colonial African university has become more oriented towards the promotion and dissemination of the values of neo-liberal capitalism. In this orientation, African indigenous values are only appealed to in order to domesticate capitalistic economic practices in Africa. It is also argued that African universities have adopted a Euro-centric approach in their academic orientation at the expense of African indigenous knowledge systems and values. In so doing, the salient presumption is that African indigenous knowledge systems and values have nothing to contribute to the transformation of African societies. Another argument that is advanced in this paper isthat the reconstruction of the post-colonial African university is only plausible on the premise that these universities actively appropriate African indigenous knowledge systems and values in theory and practice. Keywords : Neo-liberal capitalism, hegemony, African indigenous knowledge systems. Indilinga Vol. 6 (1) 2007 pp. 14-25
本文认为,虽然已经做出了一些学术努力来满足非洲大学本土化的需要,但这些努力在很大程度上被新自由主义资本主义实践在我们当代非洲大学中的霸权所掩盖。后殖民时代的非洲大学更倾向于促进和传播新自由资本主义的价值观。在这一方向上,非洲的本土价值只是为了使非洲的资本主义经济实践本土化而被诉诸。还有人认为,非洲大学在学术方向上采用了以欧洲为中心的方法,牺牲了非洲本土的知识体系和价值观。在这样做的过程中,一个突出的假设是,非洲本土的知识体系和价值观对非洲社会的转型没有任何贡献。本文提出的另一个论点是,后殖民时期非洲大学的重建只有在这些大学在理论和实践中积极采用非洲本土知识体系和价值观的前提下才有可能。关键词:新自由资本主义,霸权,非洲本土知识体系。印染第6卷(1)2007页14-25
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引用次数: 2
Myth that were used for the conservation of Lake Fundudzi catchment area 传说被用于保护底木子湖集水区
Pub Date : 2008-05-15 DOI: 10.4314/INDILINGA.V6I2.26427
Mbodi Khorombi
Lake Fundudzi is located in the Limpopo Province of South Africa below the escarpment of the Soutpansberg Mountains. It is the only natural fresh water lake to be found in South Africa and it is believed that the lake was formed by a mountain landslide that blocked the flow of the Mutale River resulting in the accumulation of the water body on the upper side of the river (van der Waal 1997). The Venda tribe considers the Lake sacred, especially the Vhatavhatsindi clan who act as the custodians of the lake. The Vhatavhatsindi Royal Family practices their religious rituals and burial customs in and around the lake. These traditional practices and beliefs (myth) gave the lake and the surrounding area a sacred status that limited exploitation by surrounding communities for many years. Keywords : Myth, sacred. Indilinga Vol. 6 (2) 2007 pp. 188-195
Fundudzi湖位于南非的林波波省,位于南班斯堡山脉的悬崖之下。它是南非唯一发现的天然淡水湖,据信该湖是由山体滑坡形成的,山体滑坡阻塞了穆塔莱河的流动,导致水体积聚在河的上游(van der Waal 1997)。文达部落认为这个湖是神圣的,尤其是Vhatavhatsindi部落,他们是这个湖的守护者。Vhatavhatsindi王室在湖中及周围举行宗教仪式和葬礼。这些传统习俗和信仰(神话)赋予了湖泊和周围地区神圣的地位,多年来限制了周围社区的开发。关键词:神话,神圣。印染第6卷(2)2007页188-195
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引用次数: 5
Indigenous scripts of African languages 非洲语言的土著文字
Pub Date : 2008-05-15 DOI: 10.4314/INDILINGA.V6I2.26422
M. Meshesha, C. V. Jawahar
In Africa there are a number of languages spoken, some of which have their own indigenous scripts that are used for writing. In this paper we assess these languages andpresent an in-depth script analysis for the Amharic writing system, one of the well-knownindigenous scripts of Africa. Amharic is the official and working language of Ethiopia andone of the few transnational African languages that function as lingua franca. This is anattempt to analyse scripts of African language to ease document analysis and understanding with the help of information communication and technology. We believe researchers will continue exploring African indigenous languages and their scripts to be part of the revolving information technology for local development. We also highlighted problemsrelated to the scripts that have bearings in the analysis and understanding of Africanlanguage documents. Among others, the use of a large number of characters in writingand existence of a large set of visually similar character pairs, are some of the majorproblems that makes research in the area of document analysis and understanding muchmore challenging than that of Latin-based scripts. Keywords : Indigenous scripts, Amharic writing system, indigenous language. Indilinga Vol. 6 (2) 2007 pp. 132-142
在非洲有许多语言,其中一些有自己的土著文字,用于写作。在本文中,我们对这些语言进行了评估,并对非洲著名的土著文字之一阿姆哈拉文字系统进行了深入的文字分析。阿姆哈拉语是埃塞俄比亚的官方语言和工作语言,也是少数跨国非洲语言之一。这是在信息通信和技术的帮助下,分析非洲语言文字以简化文件分析和理解的尝试。我们相信,研究人员将继续探索非洲土著语言及其文字,使其成为促进当地发展的循环信息技术的一部分。我们还强调了在分析和理解非洲语言文献中与文字有关的问题。其中,在书写中使用大量的字符和存在大量视觉上相似的字符对,是一些主要问题,使得文档分析和理解领域的研究比基于拉丁字母的脚本更具挑战性。关键词:土著文字,阿姆哈拉语书写系统,土著语言。印染第6卷(2)2007页132-142
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引用次数: 6
Knowledge Management Models And Their Utility To The Effective Management And Integration Of Indigenous Knowledge With Other Knowledge Systems 知识管理模式及其对本地知识与其他知识系统有效管理和整合的效用
Pub Date : 2008-05-15 DOI: 10.4314/INDILINGA.V6I2.26421
P. Ngulube, E. Lwoga
Although indigenous knowledge is key to the development of sub Saharan Africa and the preservation of its societal memory, it is fast disappearing due to a variety of reasons. One of the strategies that may assist in the management and preservation of indigenous knowledge is the utilization of knowledge management models. This article shows that knowledge management models may also offer a window of opportunity to manage and integrate indigenous knowledge into other knowledge systems. Despite the fact that knowledge management models tend to focus on business or organizational settings with formal structures, they may be adapted to manage knowledge in local communities. Knowledge management should not be restricted to “closed” business systems with formal structures. It can also be practiced in open systems or in “the wild” as expressed by Hutchins (1995). However, the ways in which communities can access and manage their knowledge assets remains a major challenge to those involved in the preservation and management of indigenous knowledge. Keywords : Indigenous knowledge systems, knowledge management models, knowledge-creation processes, managing indigenous knowledge, integrating local and external knowledge. Indilinga Vol. 6 (2) 2007 pp. 117-131
虽然土著知识是撒哈拉以南非洲发展和保存其社会记忆的关键,但由于各种原因,它正在迅速消失。可能有助于管理和保存土著知识的策略之一是利用知识管理模式。本文表明,知识管理模式也可能为管理和整合本土知识与其他知识系统提供机会之窗。尽管知识管理模型倾向于关注具有正式结构的业务或组织设置,但它们可能适合于管理本地社区的知识。知识管理不应局限于具有正式结构的“封闭”业务系统。它也可以在开放系统或Hutchins(1995)所表达的“野外”中实践。然而,社区获取和管理其知识资产的方式仍然是参与保护和管理土著知识的人面临的主要挑战。关键词:本土知识系统、知识管理模式、知识创造过程、本土知识管理、本土与外部知识整合印加第6卷(2)2007页117-131
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引用次数: 26
Learning from Wasukuma ethnopedology: an indigenous well-established system for transfer of agro-technology in Tanzania 向Wasukuma民族学学习:坦桑尼亚当地成熟的农业技术转让系统
Pub Date : 2008-05-15 DOI: 10.4314/INDILINGA.V6I1.26417
J. Ngailo, S. Nortcliff
This study was initiated by the fact that the language of the largest ethnic group in Tanzania – called Wasukuma, contains a very rich nomenclature which generally describes soils and their properties in relation to management and productivity. (54) randomly selected farmers from three different villages (namely Shishiyu, Mwanhegele and Bukangilija) participated in the study. A questionnaire was designed for the purpose of interviewing farmers. Farmers provided information on major local soils they could identify and describe. According to farmers, transient and permanent characteristics that influence the plough layer were most discriminating. These soil surface characteristics include colour,texture and workability as related to consistence. Another characteristic that farmers usedto differentiate soils was the ability of a particular soil to support growth of certain crops.This study underscores the fact that local knowledge can be fully exploited in resourceassessment studies. Keywords : Indigenous knowledge, local soil classification, local soil nomenclature. Indilinga Vol. 6 (1) 2007 pp. 64-75
这项研究的起因是坦桑尼亚最大的族群Wasukuma的语言包含了非常丰富的术语,这些术语通常描述了土壤及其与管理和生产力有关的特性。(54)随机从三个不同的村庄(即Shishiyu, Mwanhegele和Bukangilija)中选择农民参与研究。设计了一份问卷,目的是对农民进行访谈。农民提供了他们可以识别和描述的主要当地土壤的信息。对农民来说,影响耕层的暂时性和永久性特征是最具区别性的。这些土壤表面特征包括颜色、质地和与稠度相关的可加工性。农民用来区分土壤的另一个特征是特定土壤支持某些作物生长的能力。这项研究强调了在资源评估研究中可以充分利用当地知识的事实。关键词:本土知识,本土土壤分类,本土土壤命名法印染第6卷(1)2007页64-75
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引用次数: 2
Managing tensions and forging creative synergies between indigenous and modern settlement planning concepts and practices : lessons for the design and planning for sustainable settlements and built-forms in Southern Africa 管理紧张局势并在土著和现代住区规划概念和实践之间形成创造性协同作用:非洲南部可持续住区和建筑形式设计和规划的经验教训
Pub Date : 2008-05-15 DOI: 10.4314/INDILINGA.V6I2.26420
T. N. Tapela
The article explores the apparent similarities in conceptions of space utilization, security and sustainability, deriving from the nature of dwelling and settlement design, how these articulated the existing modes of production of space, society and the economy – andtherefore could be reproduced sustainably. The article also explores the planning principles,design concepts, standards and norms used in the planning and building of indigenousAfrican settlements and dwellings and suggests that, by tapping into rich traditions ofindigenous planning systems, the organic link between sustainable resource utilizationand livelihood sustenance can be enriched. Keywords : Indigenous knowledge systems, planning systems, circularity, adaptability, sustainability. Indilinga Vol. 6 (2) 2007 pp. 102-109
本文探讨了空间利用、安全和可持续性概念的明显相似之处,这些概念源于住宅和住区设计的性质,如何将现有的空间、社会和经济生产模式联系起来,从而可以可持续地复制。文章还探讨了规划原则、设计理念、标准和规范在非洲土著住区和住宅的规划和建设中使用,并建议通过挖掘土著规划系统的丰富传统,可以丰富可持续资源利用与生计维持之间的有机联系。关键词:本土知识体系,规划体系,循环性,适应性,可持续性。印染第6卷(2)2007页102-109
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引用次数: 1
The Basotho Cultural Village : cultural tourism enterprise or custodian of indigenous knowledge systems? 巴索托文化村:文化旅游企业还是土著知识系统的守护者?
Pub Date : 2008-05-15 DOI: 10.4314/INDILINGA.V6I1.26415
M. Mearns
The extent to which the Basotho Cultural Village manages to conserve indigenous knowledge systems was investigated. The research was conducted making use of a knowledge audit. Structured interviews were administered to employees as well as to visitors to the Basotho Cultural Village. The investigation was inspired by the need to establish whether cultural villages can act as custodians of indigenous knowledge systems. The results have shown that although, at present, the extent to which indigenous knowledge systems are conserved at cultural villages is fairly poor, the potential exists to develop cultural villages into custodians of indigenous knowledge systems. Recommendations have been provided to improve the extent to which indigenous knowledge systems can be transferred and conserved at cultural villages. The theoretical approach used during the study could be applied to other cultural villages in South Africa. Keywords : Indigenous knowledge systems, cultural villages, knowledge audit, Basotho Cultural Village. Indilinga Vol. 6 (1) 2007 pp. 27-50
对巴索托文化村设法保护土著知识系统的程度进行了调查。该研究是利用知识审计进行的。对员工和巴索托文化村的游客进行了结构化访谈。这项调查的灵感来自于需要确定文化村是否可以作为土著知识系统的保管人。研究结果表明,尽管目前文化村对土著知识系统的保护程度相当低,但文化村仍有潜力成为土著知识系统的守护者。提出了一些建议,以提高在文化村转移和保护土著知识系统的程度。研究中使用的理论方法可以应用于南非的其他文化村。关键词:土著知识体系,文化村,知识审计,巴索托文化村印染第6卷(1)2007页27-50
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引用次数: 4
Rationality in African philosophy : a critical reflection 非洲哲学中的理性:一种批判性反思
Pub Date : 2008-05-15 DOI: 10.4314/INDILINGA.V6I1.26412
P. Higgs
In this essay I explore some of the ramifications that the Western discourse of postmodernism may have on the notion of rationality in African philosophy and indigenous African knowledge systems in general. I conclude by arguing that the merits of such a discourse include its acknowledgment of alternative forms of reasoning and their accompanying cultural expressions; its insistence that knowledge production is not independent of moral and political value; its grounding of rationality in social relations; and, its recognition of the role of commitment, caring and feeling in rationality – all of which speak of the true essence of indigenous African knowledge systems. Keywords :Rationality, postmodernism, African philosophy, discourse. Indilinga Vol. 6 (1) 2007 pp. 1-13
在这篇文章中,我探讨了西方后现代主义话语可能对非洲哲学和非洲本土知识体系中的理性概念产生的一些影响。我的结论是,这种论述的优点包括它对其他推理形式及其伴随的文化表达的承认;它坚持知识生产不是独立于道德和政治价值之外的;它在社会关系中的合理性基础;它承认承诺、关怀和感觉在理性中的作用——所有这些都说明了非洲土著知识体系的真正本质。关键词:理性、后现代主义、非洲哲学、话语印染第6卷(1)2007页1-13
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Indilinga: African Journal of Indigenous Knowledge Systems
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