Pub Date : 2012-04-17DOI: 10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210208
S. Peng, R. Nejabati, E. Escalona, D. Simeonidou, M. Anastasopoulos, K. Georgakilas, A. Tzanakaki, A. Vernitski
High-capacity networks based on optical technologies enable global delivery of high-performance network-based applications driven by Future Internet services. Due to the accelerated evolution of these applications, dynamic adaptability of the underlying optical infrastructure becomes crucial to support efficient data transport through the operators' networks. Optical network virtualization can be considered as a key technology for addressing this challenge. This paper presents a novel architecture enabled by optical network virtualization that adopts the concept of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). For the IaaS framework, three intelligent and dynamic composition mechanisms, employing Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), K-Shortest Path (K-SP) and Random path routing algorithms are proposed. The performance of these algorithms in terms of the virtual optical network (VON) composition performance and the algorithm computational complexity is evaluated and compared in this study. The results show that MILP can provide optimal solutions for VON composition but it takes the longest time to execute, while the proposed Random algorithm can achieve the shortest running time.
{"title":"Performance modelling and analysis of dynamic virtual optical network composition","authors":"S. Peng, R. Nejabati, E. Escalona, D. Simeonidou, M. Anastasopoulos, K. Georgakilas, A. Tzanakaki, A. Vernitski","doi":"10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210208","url":null,"abstract":"High-capacity networks based on optical technologies enable global delivery of high-performance network-based applications driven by Future Internet services. Due to the accelerated evolution of these applications, dynamic adaptability of the underlying optical infrastructure becomes crucial to support efficient data transport through the operators' networks. Optical network virtualization can be considered as a key technology for addressing this challenge. This paper presents a novel architecture enabled by optical network virtualization that adopts the concept of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). For the IaaS framework, three intelligent and dynamic composition mechanisms, employing Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), K-Shortest Path (K-SP) and Random path routing algorithms are proposed. The performance of these algorithms in terms of the virtual optical network (VON) composition performance and the algorithm computational complexity is evaluated and compared in this study. The results show that MILP can provide optimal solutions for VON composition but it takes the longest time to execute, while the proposed Random algorithm can achieve the shortest running time.","PeriodicalId":151401,"journal":{"name":"2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131158452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-17DOI: 10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210275
R. Muñoz, R. Casellas, R. Martínez, R. Vilalta
Future optical transport networks will be constituted by a virtualized, multi-domain and multi-layer transport infrastructure, delivering the efficient aggregation and statistical multiplexing of MPLS-TP packet transport technology, supporting IP and Ethernet services, along with the cost/energy-efficiency, coarse bandwidth capacity and deterministic performance of fixed/elastic WSON optical circuit technology. The automation of these future transport networks can be efficiently encompassed through the deployment of a distributed control plane, based on the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) architecture with Path Computation Elements (PCE). This paper overviews the recent research and experimental activities for the future optical network control plane carried out within the ADRENALINE testbed.
{"title":"A research and experimentation overview on future optical network control plane in the ADRENALINE testbed","authors":"R. Muñoz, R. Casellas, R. Martínez, R. Vilalta","doi":"10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210275","url":null,"abstract":"Future optical transport networks will be constituted by a virtualized, multi-domain and multi-layer transport infrastructure, delivering the efficient aggregation and statistical multiplexing of MPLS-TP packet transport technology, supporting IP and Ethernet services, along with the cost/energy-efficiency, coarse bandwidth capacity and deterministic performance of fixed/elastic WSON optical circuit technology. The automation of these future transport networks can be efficiently encompassed through the deployment of a distributed control plane, based on the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) architecture with Path Computation Elements (PCE). This paper overviews the recent research and experimental activities for the future optical network control plane carried out within the ADRENALINE testbed.","PeriodicalId":151401,"journal":{"name":"2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127234476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-17DOI: 10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210262
C. K. Kallo, J. Shields, Conor O'Malley, R. Carley, V. López, J. Palacios
This paper summarises the modelling results obtained with a sub-wavelength optical packet switching technology, called OPST (Optical Packet Switch and Transport), when compared against an IPoDWDM solution. In particular, the impact of data centre location in the network on the network cost is studied for two architectures based on different technologies. Data centre location, routing strategies, service mix, traffic growth and subscriber service take-up is modelled to obtain a broad view about the cost sensitivities in these networks. The main contribution of the paper is to demonstrate that resilience to data centre location and changing traffic patterns enable the sub-wavelength packet optical solution to achieve cost savings of 150% when compared to the IPoDWDM approach. Such flexibility of the packet optical solution also enables 100-300% of power consumption cost reduction and an average 150% savings on rack cabinets for typical configurations.
{"title":"Cost-effective sub-wavelength solution for data centre location in scaled next-generation networks","authors":"C. K. Kallo, J. Shields, Conor O'Malley, R. Carley, V. López, J. Palacios","doi":"10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210262","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarises the modelling results obtained with a sub-wavelength optical packet switching technology, called OPST (Optical Packet Switch and Transport), when compared against an IPoDWDM solution. In particular, the impact of data centre location in the network on the network cost is studied for two architectures based on different technologies. Data centre location, routing strategies, service mix, traffic growth and subscriber service take-up is modelled to obtain a broad view about the cost sensitivities in these networks. The main contribution of the paper is to demonstrate that resilience to data centre location and changing traffic patterns enable the sub-wavelength packet optical solution to achieve cost savings of 150% when compared to the IPoDWDM approach. Such flexibility of the packet optical solution also enables 100-300% of power consumption cost reduction and an average 150% savings on rack cabinets for typical configurations.","PeriodicalId":151401,"journal":{"name":"2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127300231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-17DOI: 10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210204
R. Aparicio-Pardo, P. Pavón-Mariño, B. Mukherjee
Optical network operators face the challenge of upgrading the WDM network capacity to adapt to estimated traffic growths. Network upgrades are commonly carried out in scheduled intervals (i.e. every six months), using traffic forecasts. The uncertainty in the forecasts is a major issue in the capacity upgrading process. If it is not handled appropriately, the network is exposed to service degradation caused by an unexpected traffic progression. Despite of its relevance, the effects of uncertainty in the forecasts is a factor that has not been well studied in the literature. In this paper, we apply the robust optimization paradigm to incorporate this uncertainty into the network upgrade problem. Under this robust network upgrade model, we can dimension the network by tuning the tradeoff between network cost and robustness level. This proposal is applied to a case study where several experiments are conducted comparing different levels of robustness and different WDM technologies, namely pure 10G (single line rate), pure 40G SLR, pure 100G SLR and 10/40/100G MLR (mixed line rate).
{"title":"Robust upgrade in optical networks under traffic uncertainty","authors":"R. Aparicio-Pardo, P. Pavón-Mariño, B. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210204","url":null,"abstract":"Optical network operators face the challenge of upgrading the WDM network capacity to adapt to estimated traffic growths. Network upgrades are commonly carried out in scheduled intervals (i.e. every six months), using traffic forecasts. The uncertainty in the forecasts is a major issue in the capacity upgrading process. If it is not handled appropriately, the network is exposed to service degradation caused by an unexpected traffic progression. Despite of its relevance, the effects of uncertainty in the forecasts is a factor that has not been well studied in the literature. In this paper, we apply the robust optimization paradigm to incorporate this uncertainty into the network upgrade problem. Under this robust network upgrade model, we can dimension the network by tuning the tradeoff between network cost and robustness level. This proposal is applied to a case study where several experiments are conducted comparing different levels of robustness and different WDM technologies, namely pure 10G (single line rate), pure 40G SLR, pure 100G SLR and 10/40/100G MLR (mixed line rate).","PeriodicalId":151401,"journal":{"name":"2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM)","volume":"48 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133017143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-17DOI: 10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210184
Sanda Drakulic, M. Tornatore, G. Verticale
Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are a promising candidate to solve the last-mile problem in access networks. By using optical fibers, PONs can offer to the subscribers higher capacity than other traditional access technologies, such as xDSL or Cable-TV, at a lower cost than FTTx solutions. As for any other access-network technology, security is a very important issue. PONs have very specific security requirements because (i) the downstream transmission channel is inherently broadcast, and (ii) malicious transmissions in the upstream channel can not be easily detected and prevented. This paper shows that malicious upstream transmissions can be used to conduct very intrusive degradation attacks upon the upstream traffic and quantifies the decrement of the upstream throughput over a PON under different scenarios of degradation attack. Further, the paper considers how the effect of a degradation attack carried on at the physical layer is greatly amplified by the TCP congestion control algorithm resulting in a strong degradation with little effort by the attacker. The attacker could then exploit bandwidth sharing mechanisms to gain an unfair amount of bandwidth. We also propose a possible mitigation strategy that pinpoints the attacker and re-establishes fairness in terms of throughput per ONU.
{"title":"Degradation attacks on Passive Optical Networks","authors":"Sanda Drakulic, M. Tornatore, G. Verticale","doi":"10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210184","url":null,"abstract":"Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are a promising candidate to solve the last-mile problem in access networks. By using optical fibers, PONs can offer to the subscribers higher capacity than other traditional access technologies, such as xDSL or Cable-TV, at a lower cost than FTTx solutions. As for any other access-network technology, security is a very important issue. PONs have very specific security requirements because (i) the downstream transmission channel is inherently broadcast, and (ii) malicious transmissions in the upstream channel can not be easily detected and prevented. This paper shows that malicious upstream transmissions can be used to conduct very intrusive degradation attacks upon the upstream traffic and quantifies the decrement of the upstream throughput over a PON under different scenarios of degradation attack. Further, the paper considers how the effect of a degradation attack carried on at the physical layer is greatly amplified by the TCP congestion control algorithm resulting in a strong degradation with little effort by the attacker. The attacker could then exploit bandwidth sharing mechanisms to gain an unfair amount of bandwidth. We also propose a possible mitigation strategy that pinpoints the attacker and re-establishes fairness in terms of throughput per ONU.","PeriodicalId":151401,"journal":{"name":"2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM)","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116083432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-17DOI: 10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210195
A. Agata, Kosuke Nishimura
In order to meet the bandwidth requirements for the access network, many network operators nowadays have been rapidly expanding their fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) service area. In such an area, a passive double star (PDS) network, which shares one optical fiber with multiple subscribers by using a power splitter, is commonly deployed as an infrastructure for the passive optical network (PON) systems. One of the main focuses for PON network planning is to determine the locations of the optical splitters and optical fiber cable routes that connect every splitter to the central offices (COs) based on the forecasted demands, within a limited deployment cost under realistic restrictions. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel suboptimal design algorithm of PON optical distribution network (ODN). Based on the forecasted demand, it can automatically generate a suboptimal PON network in terms of the total cable deployment construction length under realistic restrictions.
{"title":"Suboptimal PON network designing algorithm for minimizing deployment cost of optical fiber cables","authors":"A. Agata, Kosuke Nishimura","doi":"10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210195","url":null,"abstract":"In order to meet the bandwidth requirements for the access network, many network operators nowadays have been rapidly expanding their fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) service area. In such an area, a passive double star (PDS) network, which shares one optical fiber with multiple subscribers by using a power splitter, is commonly deployed as an infrastructure for the passive optical network (PON) systems. One of the main focuses for PON network planning is to determine the locations of the optical splitters and optical fiber cable routes that connect every splitter to the central offices (COs) based on the forecasted demands, within a limited deployment cost under realistic restrictions. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel suboptimal design algorithm of PON optical distribution network (ODN). Based on the forecasted demand, it can automatically generate a suboptimal PON network in terms of the total cable deployment construction length under realistic restrictions.","PeriodicalId":151401,"journal":{"name":"2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM)","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120832355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-17DOI: 10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210190
B. Jaumard, Honghui Li
Shared-segment protection offers a good compromise between shared link and path protection, i.e., has the features of high resource efficiency and short protection-switching time. In this paper, we further investigate segment protection along two directions, (i) within the context of pre-configured pre-cross connected protection schemes (i.e., with p-cycles), and (ii) with the evaluation of the additional required CAPEX cost in order to ensure node protection in addition to protection against single link failures. We propose a scalable model which takes advantage of large scale optimization tools for its solution, and compare the best trade-off between regular segment protection (segment p-Cycles) and enhanced segment protection (with node protection) (Np-cycles) within the p-cycle protection framework. Numerical results show that protection against single node failures can be ensured with about 3% extra CAPEX and no more than 3% extra spare capacity, throughout an adaptation of segment p-cycles. This suggests that segment Np-cycles constitute an attractive protection scheme for protection against single node or link failures.
{"title":"Minimum CAPEX design of segment p-cycles with full node protection","authors":"B. Jaumard, Honghui Li","doi":"10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210190","url":null,"abstract":"Shared-segment protection offers a good compromise between shared link and path protection, i.e., has the features of high resource efficiency and short protection-switching time. In this paper, we further investigate segment protection along two directions, (i) within the context of pre-configured pre-cross connected protection schemes (i.e., with p-cycles), and (ii) with the evaluation of the additional required CAPEX cost in order to ensure node protection in addition to protection against single link failures. We propose a scalable model which takes advantage of large scale optimization tools for its solution, and compare the best trade-off between regular segment protection (segment p-Cycles) and enhanced segment protection (with node protection) (Np-cycles) within the p-cycle protection framework. Numerical results show that protection against single node failures can be ensured with about 3% extra CAPEX and no more than 3% extra spare capacity, throughout an adaptation of segment p-cycles. This suggests that segment Np-cycles constitute an attractive protection scheme for protection against single node or link failures.","PeriodicalId":151401,"journal":{"name":"2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128928528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ondm.2012.6210276
T. Hashiguchi, Yi Zhu, K. Tajima, Y. Takita, T. Naito, J. Jue
Provisioning of a pair of disjoint paths is crucial in WDM network planning and management in order to provide fault tolerant services. However, in networks with asymmetric nodes that have restrictions on the internal connections between outer links, existing methods for node-disjoint paths search have trap problems and require time consuming iterative procedures. In this paper, we present a novel iteration-free method for finding a pair of node-disjoint paths considering asymmetric nodes. The proposed method includes a novel network transformation and a constraint-based path search. Through simulation, we confirm that the presented method can successfully find optimum node-disjoint paths without encountering trap problems, which implies that the method can support any number of asymmetric nodes and any type of asymmetric connections.
{"title":"Iteration-free node-disjoint paths search in WDM networks with asymmetric nodes","authors":"T. Hashiguchi, Yi Zhu, K. Tajima, Y. Takita, T. Naito, J. Jue","doi":"10.1109/ondm.2012.6210276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ondm.2012.6210276","url":null,"abstract":"Provisioning of a pair of disjoint paths is crucial in WDM network planning and management in order to provide fault tolerant services. However, in networks with asymmetric nodes that have restrictions on the internal connections between outer links, existing methods for node-disjoint paths search have trap problems and require time consuming iterative procedures. In this paper, we present a novel iteration-free method for finding a pair of node-disjoint paths considering asymmetric nodes. The proposed method includes a novel network transformation and a constraint-based path search. Through simulation, we confirm that the presented method can successfully find optimum node-disjoint paths without encountering trap problems, which implies that the method can support any number of asymmetric nodes and any type of asymmetric connections.","PeriodicalId":151401,"journal":{"name":"2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116595862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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