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Pre-pandemic Executive Function Protects Against Pandemic Anxiety in Children with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder. 大流行前的执行功能保护有和没有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童免受大流行焦虑。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06175-4
Celia Romero, Lauren Kupis, Zachary T Goodman, Bryce Dirks, Adriana Baez, Amy L Beaumont, Sandra M Cardona, Meaghan V Parlade, Michael Alessandri, Jason S Nomi, Lynn K Perry, Lucina Q Uddin

The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated depression, anxiety, and executive function (EF) difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). EF skills have been positively associated with mental health outcomes. Here, we probed the psychosocial impacts of pandemic responses in children with and without ASD by relating pre-pandemic EF assessments with anxiety and depression symptoms several months into the pandemic. We found that pre-pandemic inhibition and shifting difficulties, measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, predicted higher risk of anxiety symptoms. These findings are critical for promoting community recovery and maximizing clinical preparedness to support children at increased risk for adverse psychosocial outcomes.

2019冠状病毒病大流行可能加剧了自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的抑郁、焦虑和执行功能困难。EF技能与心理健康结果呈正相关。在这里,我们通过将大流行前EF评估与大流行几个月后的焦虑和抑郁症状联系起来,探讨了有和没有ASD的儿童对大流行反应的社会心理影响。我们发现,通过执行功能行为评定量表(behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function)测量的大流行前抑制和转移困难预示着更高的焦虑症状风险。这些发现对于促进社区康复和最大限度地做好临床准备,以支持面临不良心理社会后果风险增加的儿童至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
A Longitudinal Examination of Autism Services, Child Adaptive Functioning, and Parent Quality of Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间对自闭症服务、儿童适应功能和家长生活质量的纵向研究。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06614-w
Joshua Anbar, Colleen J Sbeglia, B Blair Braden, Christopher J Smith, Melissa Mitchell, Nicole L Matthews

The delivery of services to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was disrupted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which may have affected child functioning and caregiver quality of life (QoL). This study examined changes in service intensity, child adaptive functioning, and caregiver QoL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 146 caregivers (87% mothers) of children with ASD (M age = 8.22 years; SD = 4.21) who were invited to complete an online survey about service intensity, child functioning, and caregiver QoL at four time points between the summer of 2020 and the summer of 2021. Simple regressions indicated that child adaptive functioning and caregiver QoL increased over time after stay-at-home orders were lifted. Fixed effects regression models indicated that increases in service intensity were associated with concurrent increases in caregiver physical QoL. Decreases in child repetitive behaviors were associated with concurrent increases in caregiver social and environmental QoL. These findings suggest that children and their caregivers demonstrated resilience in the year after stay-at-home orders were lifted. Additionally, service intensity and child repetitive behaviors may impact caregiver QoL, making these variables areas of opportunity for stakeholders and professionals.

在 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间,为患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的儿童提供的服务受到了干扰,这可能会影响儿童的功能和照顾者的生活质量(QoL)。本研究考察了 COVID-19 大流行期间服务强度、儿童适应功能和照顾者 QoL 的变化。参与者为 146 名 ASD 儿童(中位年龄 = 8.22 岁;标清 = 4.21)的照顾者(87% 为母亲),他们受邀在 2020 年夏季至 2021 年夏季的四个时间点完成了关于服务强度、儿童功能和照顾者 QoL 的在线调查。简单回归结果表明,在家庭留守令取消后,儿童适应功能和照顾者 QoL 随着时间的推移而增加。固定效应回归模型表明,服务强度的增加与照顾者身体 QoL 的同时增加有关。儿童重复行为的减少与照料者社会和环境 QoL 的同步提高相关。这些研究结果表明,在家庭留守令解除后的一年中,儿童及其照顾者表现出了恢复能力。此外,服务强度和儿童重复行为可能会影响照顾者的 QoL,因此这些变量是利益相关者和专业人士的机会所在。
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引用次数: 0
Letter to the Editor: Virtual Reality in Facilitating Interaction with Police During Routine Traffic Stops for Persons with Autism. 致编辑的信:虚拟现实技术促进自闭症患者在例行拦车时与警察互动。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06647-1
Anders Dechsling
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引用次数: 0
Parental Acceptance and Understanding of Autistic Children (PAUACS) - an Instrument Development Study. 家长对自闭症儿童的接受和理解(PAUACS)--工具开发研究。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06630-w
Jia Ying Sarah Lee, Koa Whittingham, Amy E Mitchell

Currently there are no instruments designed to assess parents' acceptance and understanding of their autistic child. We aimed to develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of a parent-report scale assessing parents' acceptance and understanding of their autistic child - the Parental Acceptance and Understanding of Autistic Children Scale (PAUACS). A total of 158 parents (74 non-autistic, 42 autistic, 42 questioning; mean age 42.69 years) of autistic children (mean age 10.80 years) completed an online survey comprising the prototype PAUACS as well as validated measures of parental sensitivity, neurodiversity affirming attitudes, autistic traits, mental health, and child adjustment and family experience. A subsample of participants (n = 97; 61.4%) completed the PAUACS questionnaire a second time, 2 weeks later, to assess for test-retest reliability. The final 30-item scale demonstrated excellent internal reliability (α = 0.89) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.92). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a clean structure comprising four distinct factors: Understanding (α = 0.86), Innate (α = 0.74), Acceptance (α = 0.82), and Expectations (α = 0.73). Overall, the PAUACS demonstrates good construct validity. Preliminary evidence of convergent validity and divergent validity was demonstrated. Preliminary evidence suggests PAUACS is a reliable and valid tool in assessing parents' acceptance and understanding of autistic children.

目前还没有专门用于评估家长对自闭症儿童的接受和理解程度的工具。我们的目的是开发一种家长报告量表--"家长接受和理解自闭症儿童量表"(PAUACS),并评估其信度和效度,以评估家长对自闭症儿童的接受和理解程度。共有 158 名自闭症儿童(平均年龄为 10.80 岁)的家长(74 名非自闭症患者,42 名自闭症患者,42 名质疑者;平均年龄为 42.69 岁)完成了在线调查,调查内容包括 PAUACS 原型以及家长敏感度、神经多样性肯定态度、自闭症特征、心理健康、儿童适应和家庭经历等方面的有效测量。其中一部分参与者(n = 97;61.4%)在两周后第二次填写了 PAUACS 问卷,以评估测试-再测可靠性。最终的 30 个项目量表显示出极佳的内部信度(α = 0.89)和重测信度(类内相关 = 0.92)。探索性因子分析显示,该量表结构清晰,包含四个不同的因子:理解因子 (α = 0.86)、先天因子 (α = 0.74)、接受因子 (α = 0.82) 和期望因子 (α = 0.73)。总体而言,PAUACS 具有良好的建构效度。收敛效度和发散效度均有初步证据。初步证据表明,PAUACS 是评估家长对自闭症儿童接受和理解程度的可靠有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
Movement Coordination's Link with Common Ground During Dyadic Peer Discourse in Typically Developing and Autistic Speakers. 典型发育期和自闭症患者在同伴对话中的动作协调与共同点的联系
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06642-6
Einat Karin, Ronny Geva, Shahar Bar-Yehuda, Yael Estrugo, Nirit Bauminger-Zviley

Common ground (CG)-a pragmatic capability that reflects the construction of shared meaning by two interlocutors during conversation-is widely accepted as crucial for effective communication, but its exploration has been limited in the context of children's peer-to-peer interaction. Specifically, this study aimed to explore CG differences between typically developing (TD) and autistic populations, CG's developmental trajectories, as well as the link between CG and motor coordination skills during peer interactions. Study participants included 148 children (6-16 years), comparing 64 TD and 84 autistic children across three age levels. Fixed dyads matched on IQ, age, sex, and mother's education performed a CG tangram-card task and complementary joint action (JA) tasks to evaluate peer-to-peer movement coordination. Individual motor skills were also assessed. As expected, both autistic and TD groups showed increasing efficacy over the 6-turn CG task (fewer words and shorter duration to communicate), although autistic participants were less efficient than TD participants. Better motor skills and JA synchronization correlated with both groups' more efficient CG performance. Additionally, the indirect relationship between group (TD/autism) and CG was mediated by motor skills and JA, with age moderating the relationship between JA and CG. Specifically, better motor skills and socio-motor coordination were associated with more efficient CG creation, particularly in younger children (under 10 years). These findings suggest potential novel avenues for early interventions targeting motor and language challenges in autism to enhance pragmatic abilities and peer interactions, offering insights into language development in this population.

共同点(Common ground,CG)--一种反映对话双方在交谈过程中构建共同意义的实用能力--被广泛认为是有效沟通的关键,但在儿童同伴间互动的背景下,对CG的探索还很有限。具体而言,本研究旨在探讨典型发育(TD)人群与自闭症人群之间的 "会话 "差异、"会话 "的发展轨迹,以及 "会话 "与同伴互动过程中运动协调技能之间的联系。研究参与者包括 148 名儿童(6-16 岁),其中 64 名典型发育障碍儿童和 84 名自闭症儿童在三个年龄阶段之间进行了比较。智商、年龄、性别和母亲教育程度相匹配的固定二人组完成了 CG 七巧板任务和互补联合行动(JA)任务,以评估同伴间的运动协调能力。此外,还对个人运动技能进行了评估。不出所料,自闭症患者组和TD患者组在6圈CG任务中都表现出越来越高的效率(更少的言语和更短的交流时间),但自闭症患者组的效率低于TD患者组。更好的运动技能和 JA 同步与两组更高效的 CG 表现相关。此外,组别(TD/自闭症)与 CG 之间的间接关系受运动技能和 JA 的调节,年龄调节了 JA 与 CG 之间的关系。具体来说,更好的运动技能和社会运动协调能力与更有效率的 "大脑图像 "创作有关,尤其是在年龄较小(10 岁以下)的儿童中。这些发现为针对自闭症儿童的运动和语言挑战进行早期干预提供了潜在的新途径,以提高语用能力和同伴间的互动,从而为这一人群的语言发展提供启示。
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引用次数: 0
Perception and Production of Pitch Information in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. 讲普通话的自闭症谱系障碍儿童对音高信息的感知和生成。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06601-1
Wen Ma, Xuequn Dai, Hao Zhang

This study investigated the categorical perception (CP) of linguistic pitch (lexical tones) and nonlinguistic pitch (pure tones), as well as tonal production in Mandarin-speaking children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A total of 26 Mandarin-speaking children with ASD and 29 age-matched typically developing (TD) children were recruited for this study. The Mandarin T2-T3 contrast and corresponding pure tones with identical pitch contours were adopted to assess the nuanced pitch processing abilities of the child participants via the CP paradigm. Accordingly, tonal production was focused on T2 and T3 with analyses of the dynamic pitch contours and tonal differentiation. Mandarin-speaking children with ASD exhibited atypical CP for linguistic pitch in comparison with their TD peers. However, the categorization of linguistic pitch exceeded that of nonlinguistic pitch among the ASD participants, indicating a global over local processing pattern contrary to autistic individuals in non-tonal languages. Additionally, despite atypical pitch contours in producing T2 and T3, the ASD group showed comparable differentiable degrees of the two tones in production to the TD group. Findings of this study served as a foray into contesting current theories' claims of local bias and/or global impairment in the autistic population, prompting further inspections on individuals with different language backgrounds and stimuli processing with various complexities. Additionally, findings of this study underscore the necessity of developing tailored assessments and interventions to enhance the perception and production of complex and confusable tones, thereby improving perceptual robustness and communication skills in Mandarin-speaking children with ASD.

本研究调查了讲普通话的自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童对语言音高(词性音调)和非语言音高(纯音)的分类感知(CP),以及音调的产生。本研究共招募了 26 名说普通话的自闭症谱系障碍儿童和 29 名年龄匹配的典型发育(TD)儿童。采用普通话 T2-T3 对比和具有相同音高轮廓的相应纯音,通过 CP 范式评估儿童参与者的细微音高处理能力。因此,音调产生主要集中在 T2 和 T3,并对动态音高轮廓和音调区分进行分析。与 TD 儿童相比,讲普通话的 ASD 儿童在语言音高方面表现出不典型的 CP。然而,ASD 参与者对语言音高的分类超过了对非语言音高的分类,这表明在非音调语言中,与自闭症患者相反,他们的处理模式是整体大于局部。此外,尽管 ASD 组在发出 T2 和 T3 时的音调轮廓不典型,但他们在发出这两个音调时的差异程度与 TD 组相当。本研究的结果是对目前自闭症患者局部偏差和/或整体障碍理论的一个质疑,促使我们对不同语言背景和不同复杂刺激处理的个体进行进一步研究。此外,本研究的结果还强调,有必要制定有针对性的评估和干预措施,以提高自闭症儿童对复杂和易混淆音调的感知和制作能力,从而改善普通话儿童的感知稳健性和沟通技能。
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引用次数: 0
Social Anxiety Reduces Visual Attention to the Eyes of Emotional Faces in Autistic Youth. 社交焦虑会降低自闭症青少年对情感面孔眼睛的视觉注意力。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06636-4
Cassandra J Franke, Jason W Griffin, Adam J Naples, Julie M Wolf, James C McPartland

Autism and social anxiety (SA) share behavioral features like reduced eye contact, variable social attention, and differences in social interactions. However, the impact of the co-occurrence of these conditions (e.g., autism with co-occurring SA) on social attention remains unknown. Therefore, we evaluated whether the degree of SA characteristics in autistic youth modulated (e.g., amplified or lessened) a core hallmark feature of autism: social attention, or looking at faces. Fifty-four autistic and 35 non-autistic children and adolescents completed a gaze-contingent eye-tracking (ET) paradigm, in which faces dynamically expressed happy or fearful expressions contingent on participant eye contact. SA characteristics were assessed via standardized self- and parent-report measures. Social attention was measured by calculating the average percent looking time at the face and eye regions of each emotional expression. Autistic participants looked less at faces than non-autistic participants, and higher self-report SA was associated with less looking at eyes in both autistic and non-autistic participants. SA features affect social attention similarly in autistic and non-autistic youth, highlighting the importance of considering co-occurring psychiatric characteristics when assessing social attention and eye contact in autistic individuals.

自闭症和社交焦虑(SA)具有共同的行为特征,如眼神接触减少、社交注意力不稳定以及社交互动差异。然而,这些情况(如自闭症同时伴有社交焦虑)对社交注意力的影响仍然未知。因此,我们评估了自闭症青少年的自闭症特征程度是否会调节(例如,放大或缩小)自闭症的核心标志特征:社交注意力或看脸。54 名自闭症儿童和青少年以及 35 名非自闭症儿童和青少年完成了凝视条件下的眼动追踪(ET)范例,在该范例中,面孔会根据参与者的目光接触动态地表现出快乐或恐惧的表情。自闭症特征通过标准化的自我报告和家长报告进行评估。社交注意力的测量方法是计算每种情绪表达的面部和眼部区域的平均注视时间百分比。与非自闭症参与者相比,自闭症参与者看脸部的时间较少,自闭症和非自闭症参与者自我报告的自闭症程度越高,看眼睛的时间越少。自闭症青少年和非自闭症青少年的自闭症特征对社交注意力的影响相似,这凸显了在评估自闭症患者的社交注意力和目光接触时考虑并发精神病特征的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Community Provider Perspectives on an Autism Learning Health Network: A Qualitative Study. 更正:社区服务提供者对自闭症学习健康网络的看法:定性研究。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06646-2
Josie Kearney, Catherine Bosyj, Victoria Rombos, Alicia Brewer Curran, Brenda Clark, Wendy Cornell, Shannon Mah, Melissa Mahurin, Nicholas Piroddi, Kristin Sohl, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Melanie Penner
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of Positive Evolution of Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) during the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (DRC). 刚果民主共和国 COVID-19 封锁期间自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童症状积极发展的决定因素。(刚果民主共和国)。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06621-x
Davin Mbeya Mpaka, Luck Lukusa, Sifa Marie Joelle Muchanga, Annick Vogels, Ally Omba Ndjukendi, Arsene Bukama Mutonji, Dorah Lwanzo Kavira, Julienne Managa Nzuzi, Thierry Matonda-Ma-Nzuzi, Samuel Ma-Miezi Mampunza, Joachim Ebwel Mukau

Lockdown imposed by the COVID 19 pandemic increased the time families spent together at home. A negative impact of the lock-down on children with autism has been reported. Few studies described the positive impact of parents' presence on the severity of their children's autism symptoms during lockdown. To describe the positive impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the evolution of Children' Symptoms with autism and parents' emotional status and to determine which variables had a positive or negative impact on the severity of autism features in Kinshasa. From April 15 to July 15, 2020, we analyzed the evolution of core symptoms of 68 children with autism and correlated these findings with the presence of a parent at home during lockdown. We performed multivariate logistic regression to assess the factors associated to autism symptoms improvement after adjustment by sex, age at ASD diagnosis, education, parent occupation, child's occupancy time, presence of parent's depression, and presence of comorbidities and core symptoms in children. Parents reported ASD symptom improvement in 42.6% of children. Factors positively associate with ASD symptoms improvement were presence of a parent for more than 8 h per day, improvement of social communication and autonomy. In contrast, severe to moderate depression in parents and presence of main comorbidities in children were associated with more severe autistic symptoms in their children. The presence of a parent at home, improved child communication and autonomy improved autism symptoms. On the other hand, parental depression and comorbidities in children with ASD aggravated the symptoms during lockdown in Kinshasa/DRC. These findings emphasize the importance of the physical presence of parents as well as the length of time they spend with their children with ASD. In addition, they show that depressive feelings in parents and comorbidities in ASD have a negative impact in the severity of their symptoms during lockdown.

因 COVID 19 大流行而实施的封锁增加了家人在家团聚的时间。据报道,封锁对患有自闭症的儿童产生了负面影响。很少有研究描述在封锁期间父母的陪伴对儿童自闭症症状严重程度的积极影响。旨在描述 COVID-19 封锁对金沙萨儿童自闭症症状的演变和父母情绪状态的积极影响,并确定哪些变量对自闭症特征的严重程度有积极或消极影响。从 2020 年 4 月 15 日到 7 月 15 日,我们分析了 68 名自闭症儿童核心症状的演变情况,并将这些结果与封锁期间父母是否在家相关联。我们进行了多变量逻辑回归,以评估与自闭症症状改善相关的因素,这些因素已根据性别、诊断为自闭症时的年龄、教育程度、父母职业、儿童入住时间、父母是否患有抑郁症以及儿童是否存在合并症和核心症状等因素进行了调整。42.6%的儿童的家长表示其自闭症症状有所改善。与 ASD 症状改善呈正相关的因素包括:父母每天陪伴超过 8 小时、社交沟通和自主性得到改善。相比之下,父母患有重度至中度抑郁症以及儿童患有主要并发症与儿童更严重的自闭症症状有关。家中有父母陪伴、儿童沟通和自主性得到改善,自闭症症状就会得到改善。另一方面,父母抑郁和患有自闭症儿童的合并症会加重金沙萨/刚果民主共和国封锁期间的症状。这些研究结果表明,父母的亲身参与以及他们与患有自闭症的儿童在一起的时间长短非常重要。此外,研究还表明,父母的抑郁情绪和患有自闭症的儿童的合并症对他们在封锁期间的症状严重程度有负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Reinvigorating the Promise of the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) to Advance Autism Knowledge. 重振自闭症研究国家数据库 (NDAR) 的承诺,促进自闭症知识的发展。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06641-7
Michelle L Stransky, Laneva Cobb, Nina Menon, Emily Barnard, Cynthia Belfleur, Lawrence Scahill, Jocelyn Kuhn

The National Institute of Mental Health created the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) to accelerate autism knowledge through data sharing and collaboration. However, our experience using NDAR reveals systematic challenges across several aspects of data submission, selection, management, and analysis that limit utility of this resource. We describe our NDAR experience in an ongoing project examining autism intervention outcomes among marginalized racial, ethnic, and gender groups. For this study, we planned to gather data from NDAR to conduct an individual participant data meta-analysis. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria and reported data on participants at more than one point in time on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (Vineland) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). The difficulties with submitting, selecting, downloading, and managing data from NDAR posed limitations on data availability and analysis. Of the 3,850 unique participants in the selected studies, data at multiple time points were available for 312 participants on the Vineland and 278 on the ADOS. No participants had data on all assessment domains. To accelerate autism research via data sharing and collaboration with NDAR necessitates improving the processes for submitting, selecting, and managing data.

美国国家心理健康研究所创建了国家自闭症研究数据库(NDAR),旨在通过数据共享与合作加速自闭症知识的普及。然而,我们使用 NDAR 的经验表明,在数据提交、选择、管理和分析等多个方面存在系统性挑战,限制了这一资源的效用。我们介绍了我们在一个正在进行的项目中使用 NDAR 的经验,该项目研究边缘化种族、民族和性别群体的自闭症干预结果。在这项研究中,我们计划从 NDAR 中收集数据,以进行个体参与者数据荟萃分析。有 18 项研究符合纳入标准,并报告了维尼兰适应行为量表(Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales,Vineland)和自闭症诊断观察表(ADOS)上不止一个时间点的参与者数据。从 NDAR 中提交、选择、下载和管理数据的困难限制了数据的可用性和分析。在所选研究的 3,850 名参与者中,有 312 名参与者的维尼兰(Vineland)和 278 名参与者的自闭症诊断观察表(ADOS)的多个时间点数据可用。没有参与者拥有所有评估领域的数据。要通过数据共享和与 NDAR 的合作来加速自闭症研究,就必须改进数据提交、选择和管理的流程。
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引用次数: 0
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