Pub Date : 2014-03-14DOI: 10.6000/1929-5030.2014.03.01.4
J. Shibata, N. Murayama
In the slicing process of silicon wafer from silicon single crystal, it has been the general way to cut silicon by wire saws with the lubricant mixture of silicon carbide, as SiC, particles and wrapping oil. After slicing the silicon single crystal, the waste liquor containing SiC and silicon powders is discharged from the process. The particle sizes of SiC and Si are about 10I¼m and 1I¼m, respectively and the weight ratio is about 9:1. The particles discharged from slicing waste liquor become the mixture of SiC and SiO 2 , when the waste liquor is burned after treating the lubricant oil by a filter press. In terms of the minimization of wastes and environment, it is preferable to separate and recover the valuable SiC from SiO 2 . In order to solve the problem mentioned above, flotation method can be applied to accomplish the separation of SiC from SiO 2 . The cationic surfactants of dodecyl-tri-methyl-ammonium chloride (abbreviated as DTMAC hereafter) and tri-methyl-octyl-ammonium chloride (abbreviated as TMOAC hereafter) were used in this study. The adsorption amount of surfactants on SiC and SiO 2 particles was measured. The flotation behaviors of SiC and SiO 2 were investigated by changing pH, gas flow rate and flotation time in the presence of DTMAC. The purity and yield of SiC were also discussed in the flotation process comprising of roughing, cleaning and scavenging steps. A series of flotation process for SiC gave the purity and yield of 99.7% and 96.7%, respectively.
{"title":"Separation and Recovery of SiC Particles Discharged from Silicon Wafer Production Process","authors":"J. Shibata, N. Murayama","doi":"10.6000/1929-5030.2014.03.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2014.03.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"In the slicing process of silicon wafer from silicon single crystal, it has been the general way to cut silicon by wire saws with the lubricant mixture of silicon carbide, as SiC, particles and wrapping oil. After slicing the silicon single crystal, the waste liquor containing SiC and silicon powders is discharged from the process. The particle sizes of SiC and Si are about 10I¼m and 1I¼m, respectively and the weight ratio is about 9:1. The particles discharged from slicing waste liquor become the mixture of SiC and SiO 2 , when the waste liquor is burned after treating the lubricant oil by a filter press. In terms of the minimization of wastes and environment, it is preferable to separate and recover the valuable SiC from SiO 2 . In order to solve the problem mentioned above, flotation method can be applied to accomplish the separation of SiC from SiO 2 . The cationic surfactants of dodecyl-tri-methyl-ammonium chloride (abbreviated as DTMAC hereafter) and tri-methyl-octyl-ammonium chloride (abbreviated as TMOAC hereafter) were used in this study. The adsorption amount of surfactants on SiC and SiO 2 particles was measured. The flotation behaviors of SiC and SiO 2 were investigated by changing pH, gas flow rate and flotation time in the presence of DTMAC. The purity and yield of SiC were also discussed in the flotation process comprising of roughing, cleaning and scavenging steps. A series of flotation process for SiC gave the purity and yield of 99.7% and 96.7%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling","volume":"72 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83210115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.2
B. Ariche, A. Rahmouni, H. Brahim, A. Guendouzi, K. Alali
Solvation free energies ∆G sol tot of cyclic polyethers (CH 2 CH 2 O) n (n=2,6) in aqueous and tetrachloromethane solutions have been calculated at HF, MP2 and B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) levels of theory using CPCM, IEFPCM and SMD implicit solvation models. It has been found that ∆G sol tot are negative for both solvents, they increase linearly with system sizes and they are more important in water solution. The electrostatic contributions to the solvation free energies ∆G sol ele are also more important in water because of their polar nature. In water, CPCM and IEFPCM models give a close values, which are slightly different from SMD values. In tetrachloromethane solvent CPCM model seems overestimate ∆G sol ele . For both solvents the non-electrostatic contributions to the solvation free energies ∆G sol n-ele provided by SMD are remarkably different to those given by CPCM and IEFPCM models. Normal 0 21 false false false FR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
采用CPCM、IEFPCM和SMD隐式溶剂化模型，在HF、MP2和B3LYP/6- 311g (d,p)理论水平下，计算了环聚醚(ch2ch2o) n (n=2,6)在水溶液和四氯甲烷溶液中的溶剂化自由能∆G sol tot。已发现，两种溶剂的∆G sol tot均为负值，随体系尺寸线性增加，在水溶液中更为重要。静电对溶剂化自由能(G sol ele)的贡献在水中也更为重要，因为它们的极性性质。在水中，CPCM和IEFPCM模型给出了接近的值，与SMD值略有不同。在四氯甲烷溶剂中，CPCM模型似乎高估了∆G sol ele。对于这两种溶剂，SMD模型提供的非静电对溶剂化自由能∆G sol n-ele的贡献与CPCM和IEFPCM模型的贡献有显著不同。正常0 21 false false false FR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table。mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal";mso-tstyle-rowband-size: 0;mso-tstyle-colband-size: 0;mso-style-noshow:是的;mso-style-priority: 99;mso-style-qformat:是的;mso-style-parent:“”;Mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt;mso-para-margin: 0厘米;mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan;字体大小:11.0分;字体类型:“Calibri”、“无衬线”;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;}
{"title":"Ab Initio and Density Functional Predictions of Solvation Free Energies of Cyclic Polyethers (CH2CH2O)n (n=2,6) in Aqueous and Tetrachloromethane Solutions","authors":"B. Ariche, A. Rahmouni, H. Brahim, A. Guendouzi, K. Alali","doi":"10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.2","url":null,"abstract":"Solvation free energies ∆G sol tot of cyclic polyethers (CH 2 CH 2 O) n (n=2,6) in aqueous and tetrachloromethane solutions have been calculated at HF, MP2 and B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) levels of theory using CPCM, IEFPCM and SMD implicit solvation models. It has been found that ∆G sol tot are negative for both solvents, they increase linearly with system sizes and they are more important in water solution. The electrostatic contributions to the solvation free energies ∆G sol ele are also more important in water because of their polar nature. In water, CPCM and IEFPCM models give a close values, which are slightly different from SMD values. In tetrachloromethane solvent CPCM model seems overestimate ∆G sol ele . For both solvents the non-electrostatic contributions to the solvation free energies ∆G sol n-ele provided by SMD are remarkably different to those given by CPCM and IEFPCM models. Normal 0 21 false false false FR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Tableau Normal\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-priority:99; \u0000 mso-style-qformat:yes; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin:0cm; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:11.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \u0000 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \u0000 mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; \u0000 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \u0000 mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}","PeriodicalId":15165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling","volume":"12 1","pages":"216-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72708154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.4
Yin-hui Gong, Ying-zhou Lu, Hong Meng, Chunxi Li
The density data for the binary mixtures of an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate [EMIM][DEP], and water (methanol or ethanol) were measured at 1 atm as a function of composition in the temperature range of (293.15 to 333.15) K using a vibrating-tube densimeter. The excess molar volumes ( V E ) and other thermodynamic properties were derived from the density data. All V E values are negative for the binary mixtures in the whole composition range, and reach to the maximum at the mole fraction of IL of ca. 0.3. The V E values decrease with increasing temperature for the aqueous solution of ILs, but increase with the increasing temperature for the IL solutions of methanol or ethanol. The excess molar volumes were correlated successfully by an empirical equation with the maximum average absolute relative deviation within 0.02%.
{"title":"Density Measurement for the Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquid 1-ethyl- 3-methylimidazolium Diethylphosphate and Water (Methanol or Ethanol) at 1atm and (293.15 to 333.15) K","authors":"Yin-hui Gong, Ying-zhou Lu, Hong Meng, Chunxi Li","doi":"10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.4","url":null,"abstract":"The density data for the binary mixtures of an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate [EMIM][DEP], and water (methanol or ethanol) were measured at 1 atm as a function of composition in the temperature range of (293.15 to 333.15) K using a vibrating-tube densimeter. The excess molar volumes ( V E ) and other thermodynamic properties were derived from the density data. All V E values are negative for the binary mixtures in the whole composition range, and reach to the maximum at the mole fraction of IL of ca. 0.3. The V E values decrease with increasing temperature for the aqueous solution of ILs, but increase with the increasing temperature for the IL solutions of methanol or ethanol. The excess molar volumes were correlated successfully by an empirical equation with the maximum average absolute relative deviation within 0.02%.","PeriodicalId":15165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling","volume":"56 1","pages":"234-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86470421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.7
A. Bhattarai, H. Wilczura-Wachnik
The precise measurements of I²â€“carotene absorbance in presence of AOT/solvent/water systems at 25 o C by UV-vis technique are reported. The solvents selected were: n-heptane, cyclohexane, and tetrahydrofuran. The concentrations of AOT [Aerosol-OT (sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate)] were varied from 0.01 to 0.2mol/kg. I²â€“carotene concentration in quvette during UV-vis spectrum registration was not the same in each solvents because of different absorption intensity depending on the solvent. Water concentration in the studied systems was defined by R parameter according to relation: R=[H 2 O]/[AOT] and was equal 0; 5; 10 both in n-heptane and cyclohexane, and 0; 10 and 20 in tetrahydrofuran. Obtained results showed a noticeable decreasing of I²â€“carotene absorbance as a function of AOT concentration. There is evidenced red shift of I²â€“carotene absorbance depending on the solvent in the following order: tetrahydrofuran >cyclohexane>n-heptane. Presented results show that I²â€“carotene absorbance decreased with water concentration in the system. It had been happened because the water molecules located in the core of micelles make its curvature bigger and the hydrocarbon chains forming palisade layer in AOT reversed micelles get more space. As a consequence I²â€“carotene molecules penetrated this layer dipper comparing to systems without water. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
{"title":"UV-vis Investigation of β-Carotene in Presence of AOT/n-Heptane, Cyclohexane, Tetrahydrofuran/Water System","authors":"A. Bhattarai, H. Wilczura-Wachnik","doi":"10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.7","url":null,"abstract":"The precise measurements of I²â€“carotene absorbance in presence of AOT/solvent/water systems at 25 o C by UV-vis technique are reported. The solvents selected were: n-heptane, cyclohexane, and tetrahydrofuran. The concentrations of AOT [Aerosol-OT (sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate)] were varied from 0.01 to 0.2mol/kg. I²â€“carotene concentration in quvette during UV-vis spectrum registration was not the same in each solvents because of different absorption intensity depending on the solvent. Water concentration in the studied systems was defined by R parameter according to relation: R=[H 2 O]/[AOT] and was equal 0; 5; 10 both in n-heptane and cyclohexane, and 0; 10 and 20 in tetrahydrofuran. Obtained results showed a noticeable decreasing of I²â€“carotene absorbance as a function of AOT concentration. There is evidenced red shift of I²â€“carotene absorbance depending on the solvent in the following order: tetrahydrofuran >cyclohexane>n-heptane. Presented results show that I²â€“carotene absorbance decreased with water concentration in the system. It had been happened because the water molecules located in the core of micelles make its curvature bigger and the hydrocarbon chains forming palisade layer in AOT reversed micelles get more space. As a consequence I²â€“carotene molecules penetrated this layer dipper comparing to systems without water. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-priority:99; \u0000 mso-style-qformat:yes; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin:0in; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:11.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \u0000 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \u0000 mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; \u0000 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \u0000 mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}","PeriodicalId":15165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling","volume":"9 1","pages":"253-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76336387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.3
P. Enciso, F. Cabrerizo, J. Gancheff, P. Denis, M. F. Cerdá
Phycocyanin, a blue protein extracted from Spirulina spp, shows promising characteristics that made it suitable for its use as natural dye in photovoltaic devices as the dye sensitized solar cells. In this work, a study of the aqueous solution-phase photochemistry, photophysics, spectroscopy, voltammetry and thermal stability of phycocyanin is presented. Suitable redox potentials (Eox = 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and a value of 1.96 V for E 0,0 ( i.e. , the energy difference between the vibrationally relaxed levels of the first electronic excited state, S 1 , and the ground state, S 0 of phycocyanin), allows the calculation of energetic profiles that in comparison with the conduction band of the anatase-TiO 2 and I - /I 3 - electrolyte, could predict electron transfer with these components of the cell. The data reported herein should not only help to evaluate the potential use of phycocyanin as sensitizer for solar cells, but should also help in the development of novel solar cells where the photoinduced behavior of this protein can be controlled.
藻蓝蛋白是一种从螺旋藻中提取的蓝色蛋白，具有良好的特性，适合作为天然染料用于光伏器件，如染料敏化太阳能电池。本文对藻蓝蛋白的水溶液相光化学、光物理、光谱学、伏安法和热稳定性进行了研究。合适的氧化还原电位(Eox = 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl)和e0,0(即藻蓝蛋白的第一电子激发态s1和基态s0的振动放松能级之间的能量差)的值为1.96 V，允许计算能量分布，与锐钛矿- tio2和I - / i3 -电解质的传导带进行比较，可以预测电池中这些组分的电子转移。本文报道的数据不仅有助于评估藻蓝蛋白作为太阳能电池敏化剂的潜在用途，而且还有助于开发新型太阳能电池，其中该蛋白的光诱导行为可以被控制。
{"title":"Phycocyanin as Potential Natural Dye for its Use in Photovoltaic Cells","authors":"P. Enciso, F. Cabrerizo, J. Gancheff, P. Denis, M. F. Cerdá","doi":"10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"Phycocyanin, a blue protein extracted from Spirulina spp, shows promising characteristics that made it suitable for its use as natural dye in photovoltaic devices as the dye sensitized solar cells. In this work, a study of the aqueous solution-phase photochemistry, photophysics, spectroscopy, voltammetry and thermal stability of phycocyanin is presented. Suitable redox potentials (Eox = 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and a value of 1.96 V for E 0,0 ( i.e. , the energy difference between the vibrationally relaxed levels of the first electronic excited state, S 1 , and the ground state, S 0 of phycocyanin), allows the calculation of energetic profiles that in comparison with the conduction band of the anatase-TiO 2 and I - /I 3 - electrolyte, could predict electron transfer with these components of the cell. The data reported herein should not only help to evaluate the potential use of phycocyanin as sensitizer for solar cells, but should also help in the development of novel solar cells where the photoinduced behavior of this protein can be controlled.","PeriodicalId":15165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling","volume":"17 1","pages":"225-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82801436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.8
Vinay S. Kadam, Priyanka Khanvilkar, Arun L. Patel
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was found as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols from aromatic aldehydes, β-naphthol and acetamide/benzamide under solvent free condition at 80 o C. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR and Mass spectra. The advantages of the new method were good yields, short reaction times, simple work-up, inexpensive and easily available catalyst and economical due to absence of solvent. Therefore, this method could be an attractive alternative to existing methods for the synthesis of biologically important amidoalkyl naphthols. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
{"title":"Amidoalkyl Naphthols: Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) Catalyzed One-Pot, Multi-Component Synthesis","authors":"Vinay S. Kadam, Priyanka Khanvilkar, Arun L. Patel","doi":"10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.8","url":null,"abstract":"Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was found as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols from aromatic aldehydes, β-naphthol and acetamide/benzamide under solvent free condition at 80 o C. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR and Mass spectra. The advantages of the new method were good yields, short reaction times, simple work-up, inexpensive and easily available catalyst and economical due to absence of solvent. Therefore, this method could be an attractive alternative to existing methods for the synthesis of biologically important amidoalkyl naphthols. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-priority:99; \u0000 mso-style-qformat:yes; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin-top:0in; \u0000 mso-para-margin-right:0in; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin-left:0in; \u0000 line-height:115%; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:11.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \u0000 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \u0000 mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; \u0000 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}","PeriodicalId":15165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling","volume":"434 1","pages":"263-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82002182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.5
E. Starikov
The notion of entropy-enthalpy compensation (EEC) is well known and hotly debated up to now. Nevertheless, any valid EEC phenomenon ought to have in sooth a definite physical-chemical sense. The roots of the latter are discussed here in detail.
{"title":"Valid Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation: Its True Physical-Chemical Meaning","authors":"E. Starikov","doi":"10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.5","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of entropy-enthalpy compensation (EEC) is well known and hotly debated up to now. Nevertheless, any valid EEC phenomenon ought to have in sooth a definite physical-chemical sense. The roots of the latter are discussed here in detail.","PeriodicalId":15165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling","volume":"88 1","pages":"240-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75708637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.1
T. Aysu
Pyrolysis of Persian Hogweed ( Heracleum persicum Desf.) stalks were performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor with (K 2 CO 3 , ZnCl 2 ) and without catalyst at three different temperatures (400, 500 and 600 o C) with a constant heating rate of 50 o C/min. and with a constant sweeping gas (N 2 ) flow rate of 100 cm 3 /min. The amounts of bio-char, bio-oil and gas produced were calculated and the compositions of the obtained bio-oils were characterized by GC-MS. The effects of pyrolysis parameters such as temperature and catalyst on the product yields were investigated. According to the results, both temperature and catalyst had significant effects on the conversion of Heracleum persicum Desf. into bio-chars, bio-oils and gaseous products. The highest bio-oil yield of 41.42% by weight including aqeous phase was achieved with 10% potassium carbonate catalyst at 500 o C. 71 different compounds were identified by GC-MS in the bio-oils obtained at 500 o C.
{"title":"Production and Characterization of Bio-Chars and Bio-Oils Formed by Pyrolysis of Persian Hogweed (Heracleum persicum Desf.) in A Fixed-Bed Reactor","authors":"T. Aysu","doi":"10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrolysis of Persian Hogweed ( Heracleum persicum Desf.) stalks were performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor with (K 2 CO 3 , ZnCl 2 ) and without catalyst at three different temperatures (400, 500 and 600 o C) with a constant heating rate of 50 o C/min. and with a constant sweeping gas (N 2 ) flow rate of 100 cm 3 /min. The amounts of bio-char, bio-oil and gas produced were calculated and the compositions of the obtained bio-oils were characterized by GC-MS. The effects of pyrolysis parameters such as temperature and catalyst on the product yields were investigated. According to the results, both temperature and catalyst had significant effects on the conversion of Heracleum persicum Desf. into bio-chars, bio-oils and gaseous products. The highest bio-oil yield of 41.42% by weight including aqeous phase was achieved with 10% potassium carbonate catalyst at 500 o C. 71 different compounds were identified by GC-MS in the bio-oils obtained at 500 o C.","PeriodicalId":15165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling","volume":"11 1","pages":"205-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78450998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.6
Mihalj PoÅ¡a, Kosta PopoviÄ
The special geometry of the steroid skeleton causes formation of bile acid anion micelles with small aggregation numbers, in contrast to aliphatic amphiphiles. Relative to the tendency to reduce membrane toxicity, pharmacological investigations of bile acids are mainly concerned with their oxo derivatives. Since micelles of these bile acids have been insufficiently studied, the objective of this work is the determination of aggregation numbers of corresponding micelle monomers. The aggregation numbers were determined using the freezing point depression of the solutions by applying the appropriate equations of Debye-HA¼ckel, Guggenheim and Gibbs-Duhems, and using pNa data measured with a Na-selective electrode. Depending on the structure of the bile acid anion, the values obtained for the aggregation numbers were in the range from 2.09 to 3.44. The increase in number of oxo groups in the molecule is accompanied by a decrease in hydrophobicity of the convex side of the steroid skeleton of the bile acid anion, resulting in a lower aggregation number.
{"title":"Determination of Aggregation Numbers of Bile Salt Micelles with the Depression of the Solution Freezing Point","authors":"Mihalj PoÅ¡a, Kosta PopoviÄ","doi":"10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.04.6","url":null,"abstract":"The special geometry of the steroid skeleton causes formation of bile acid anion micelles with small aggregation numbers, in contrast to aliphatic amphiphiles. Relative to the tendency to reduce membrane toxicity, pharmacological investigations of bile acids are mainly concerned with their oxo derivatives. Since micelles of these bile acids have been insufficiently studied, the objective of this work is the determination of aggregation numbers of corresponding micelle monomers. The aggregation numbers were determined using the freezing point depression of the solutions by applying the appropriate equations of Debye-HA¼ckel, Guggenheim and Gibbs-Duhems, and using pNa data measured with a Na-selective electrode. Depending on the structure of the bile acid anion, the values obtained for the aggregation numbers were in the range from 2.09 to 3.44. The increase in number of oxo groups in the molecule is accompanied by a decrease in hydrophobicity of the convex side of the steroid skeleton of the bile acid anion, resulting in a lower aggregation number.","PeriodicalId":15165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling","volume":"48 1","pages":"246-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83527010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-31DOI: 10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.03.5
Ravi Kumar, B. Santhi, Vijayakanth Mr., V. Kannappan
Ultrasonic and UV-spectral studies have been carried out for three ternary systems containing N-methylaniline (NMANI) and three structurally different aromatic aldehydes, benzaldehyde (BA), cinnamaldehyde (CA) and salicylaldehyde(SA) in n-hexane medium at 303.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Acoustical parameters are computed from the measured values of ultrasonic velocity, density and dynamic viscosity. The variation of acoustical parameters in the concentration range investigated establishes complex formation through intermolecular hydrogen bonding between aldehyde and N-methylaniline. The existence of strong aldehyde-amine interaction is also confirmed through the recorded UV-Visible absorption spectra with Benesi-Hildebrand theory at 303.15 K. The formation constants of the hydrogen bonded complexes are determined by spectroscopic and ultrasonic methods and compared. These values computed by two different methods are comparable and follow similar trend. The trend in the formation constants is discussed based on structures of the component molecules and correlate with computed molecular properties
{"title":"Ultrasonic and Spectral Studies on Hydrogen Bonded Complexes of Aromatic Aldehydes and N-Methylaniline in n-Hexane","authors":"Ravi Kumar, B. Santhi, Vijayakanth Mr., V. Kannappan","doi":"10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.03.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2013.02.03.5","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic and UV-spectral studies have been carried out for three ternary systems containing N-methylaniline (NMANI) and three structurally different aromatic aldehydes, benzaldehyde (BA), cinnamaldehyde (CA) and salicylaldehyde(SA) in n-hexane medium at 303.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Acoustical parameters are computed from the measured values of ultrasonic velocity, density and dynamic viscosity. The variation of acoustical parameters in the concentration range investigated establishes complex formation through intermolecular hydrogen bonding between aldehyde and N-methylaniline. The existence of strong aldehyde-amine interaction is also confirmed through the recorded UV-Visible absorption spectra with Benesi-Hildebrand theory at 303.15 K. The formation constants of the hydrogen bonded complexes are determined by spectroscopic and ultrasonic methods and compared. These values computed by two different methods are comparable and follow similar trend. The trend in the formation constants is discussed based on structures of the component molecules and correlate with computed molecular properties","PeriodicalId":15165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling","volume":"13 1","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88328925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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