Pub Date : 2020-10-22DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00439
J. Hidalgo-Carrera, J. E. Bargallo-Rocha, M. Ramírez-Valencia, M. Pérez-Quintanilla, David Paredes-Nevárez
Prophylactic mastectomy (PM) is performed to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women at high risk. Contralateral mastectomy does not improve survival, but is done for local control, reducing risk and giving symmetry. We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with right breast cancer, who underwent a prophylactic mastectomy of the left breast with immediate reconstruction and a pathology result of a hidden invasive ductal carcinoma.
{"title":"Occult breast cancer detected in a patient undergoing risk-reducing surgery: case report","authors":"J. Hidalgo-Carrera, J. E. Bargallo-Rocha, M. Ramírez-Valencia, M. Pérez-Quintanilla, David Paredes-Nevárez","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00439","url":null,"abstract":"Prophylactic mastectomy (PM) is performed to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women at high risk. Contralateral mastectomy does not improve survival, but is done for local control, reducing risk and giving symmetry. We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with right breast cancer, who underwent a prophylactic mastectomy of the left breast with immediate reconstruction and a pathology result of a hidden invasive ductal carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"17 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83416202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00438
G. Lazzari, G. Silvano
Coronavirus pneumonia (Covid-19 pneumonia) is a highly severe acute syndrome due to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, which has rapidly spread to other countries beyond China resulting in a global pandemic. Severe lung disease onset might result in death due to massive alveolar damage and severe progressive respiratory failure leading to acute lung injury which predispose to severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Symptoms, chest CT scan features and autopsy reports by a radiation oncologist’s point of view, bring to mind a similarity with pictures of sporadic acute fatal radiation induced lung injury (RILI) which is a side effect of thoracic radiotherapy. Like two sides of the same coin, there is the feeling of a common inflammatory response of lung to an injury whatever it may be, virus, drugs or ionizing radiation as we found in these two case reports.
{"title":"ARDS in radiation induced lung injury and covid-19 pneumonia: two different sides of the same coin. a case series comparison","authors":"G. Lazzari, G. Silvano","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00438","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus pneumonia (Covid-19 pneumonia) is a highly severe acute syndrome due to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, which has rapidly spread to other countries beyond China resulting in a global pandemic. Severe lung disease onset might result in death due to massive alveolar damage and severe progressive respiratory failure leading to acute lung injury which predispose to severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Symptoms, chest CT scan features and autopsy reports by a radiation oncologist’s point of view, bring to mind a similarity with pictures of sporadic acute fatal radiation induced lung injury (RILI) which is a side effect of thoracic radiotherapy. Like two sides of the same coin, there is the feeling of a common inflammatory response of lung to an injury whatever it may be, virus, drugs or ionizing radiation as we found in these two case reports.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83408728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00437
T. Famuyiwa, James Kwasi Kumi Diaka, Zoey Bowers, Alyssa Leblanc, W. Asghar
Background: The number of deaths from prostate cancer is still high due to ATP Binding Cassette (ABC)-Mediated Multidrug Resistance (MDR). Overexpression of ABC transporters causes multidrug resistance in most prostate cancer chemotherapies. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the common drug transporters associated with MDR. There are no drugs approved by FDA to reverse MDR (inhibiting P-gp) in prostate cancer. This study utilized drug combination to reduce MDR expression by using 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BPA) to potentiate the therapeutic effect of SC-514. SC-514 is a relatively new hydrophobic dug, which has been shown to have anti-cancer effects via inhibition of NF-KB-dependent gene expression in cancer cells. 3-BPA is an alkylating agent, glycolytic inhibitor, and an anticancer drug that has a great potential to enhance the effects of anticancer drugs. Aim of study: This study aimed to reduce acquired and intrinsic ABC-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) by increasing the drug efficiency of SC-514 via drug combination with 3-BPA. Method: Cell titer glow assay, multidrug resistance efflux assay, immunofluorescence assay and ELISA assay were utilized to investigate the drug efficiency of SC-514 in combination with 3-BPA and the number of drug resistance GR-PC-3 cells and PC-3 cells after treatment. Results: Combination of SC-514 and 3-BPA significantly decreased intracellular ATP and the number of MDR cells in GR-PC-3 and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. SC-514 and/3-BPA treatments reduce NF-KB activation, IL-6 expression, and BCL2 expression. However, SC- 514 and/3-BPA treatments increase the expression of Bax. Conclusion: Combination of SC-514 and 3-BPA increased the therapeutic effect of SC-514 in prostate cancer treatment. The anticancer activities of SC-514 and 3-BPA in combination is promising for future drug development and drug combinations to completely reverse MDR in prostate cancer treatments.
{"title":"Treatment-induced ABC-mediated multidrug resistance in PC-3 prostate cancer","authors":"T. Famuyiwa, James Kwasi Kumi Diaka, Zoey Bowers, Alyssa Leblanc, W. Asghar","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00437","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The number of deaths from prostate cancer is still high due to ATP Binding Cassette (ABC)-Mediated Multidrug Resistance (MDR). Overexpression of ABC transporters causes multidrug resistance in most prostate cancer chemotherapies. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the common drug transporters associated with MDR. There are no drugs approved by FDA to reverse MDR (inhibiting P-gp) in prostate cancer. This study utilized drug combination to reduce MDR expression by using 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BPA) to potentiate the therapeutic effect of SC-514. SC-514 is a relatively new hydrophobic dug, which has been shown to have anti-cancer effects via inhibition of NF-KB-dependent gene expression in cancer cells. 3-BPA is an alkylating agent, glycolytic inhibitor, and an anticancer drug that has a great potential to enhance the effects of anticancer drugs. Aim of study: This study aimed to reduce acquired and intrinsic ABC-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) by increasing the drug efficiency of SC-514 via drug combination with 3-BPA. Method: Cell titer glow assay, multidrug resistance efflux assay, immunofluorescence assay and ELISA assay were utilized to investigate the drug efficiency of SC-514 in combination with 3-BPA and the number of drug resistance GR-PC-3 cells and PC-3 cells after treatment. Results: Combination of SC-514 and 3-BPA significantly decreased intracellular ATP and the number of MDR cells in GR-PC-3 and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. SC-514 and/3-BPA treatments reduce NF-KB activation, IL-6 expression, and BCL2 expression. However, SC- 514 and/3-BPA treatments increase the expression of Bax. Conclusion: Combination of SC-514 and 3-BPA increased the therapeutic effect of SC-514 in prostate cancer treatment. The anticancer activities of SC-514 and 3-BPA in combination is promising for future drug development and drug combinations to completely reverse MDR in prostate cancer treatments.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73436611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00435
S. Ladumor, A. Rashid
The duodenum is relatively protected due to its retroperitoneal location.An isolated duodenal injury (IDI) involving the duodenum is rarely seen following a blunt abdominal trauma. Here we are reporting rare imaging findings in young patient of 30 yrs. old gentle man presented with blunt upper abdominal trauma with mild upper abdominal tenderness. The main reason to report this case is to identify rare isolated injury in cross-sectional imaging findings, and management of IDI. As IDI can present vaguely and difficult to diagnose clinically.If periduodenal free fluid seen on computed tomography scan and adjacent organs are within normal with no obstructive changes can raise possibility of the duodenal injury. Early diagnosis is very helpful for management as well as important to prevent associated early and late complication.
{"title":"Rare finding in patient with blunt upper abdominal trauma","authors":"S. Ladumor, A. Rashid","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00435","url":null,"abstract":"The duodenum is relatively protected due to its retroperitoneal location.An isolated duodenal injury (IDI) involving the duodenum is rarely seen following a blunt abdominal trauma. Here we are reporting rare imaging findings in young patient of 30 yrs. old gentle man presented with blunt upper abdominal trauma with mild upper abdominal tenderness. The main reason to report this case is to identify rare isolated injury in cross-sectional imaging findings, and management of IDI. As IDI can present vaguely and difficult to diagnose clinically.If periduodenal free fluid seen on computed tomography scan and adjacent organs are within normal with no obstructive changes can raise possibility of the duodenal injury. Early diagnosis is very helpful for management as well as important to prevent associated early and late complication.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80303013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00436
N. Bickell, Sylvia Lin, Helena L. Chang, T. Vleck, G. Nadkarni, Hannah Jacobs El, A. Tiersten, M. Shafir, A. Gelijns
Objective: Electronic health records (EHRs) offer a platform to identify patients for clinical trials. We compared an electronic approach combining natural language processing (NLP) with query capabilities of Data Warehouse using structured and unstructured information against manual review to assess feasibility in identifying subjects for a breast cancer trial. Materials and methods: Study included women with new metastatic, ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, treated with letrozole monotherapy between January 2012 and December 2015 who did not receive prior systemic therapy for advanced disease. Concordance between approaches was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistic. Results: 826 breast cancer cases were identified; 83 were truly metastatic, ER-positive, HER2-negative. Manual review identified 77 (93%) patients compared to 51 (61%) by NLP. Cases missed by electronic approach were due to inaccessibility of data and variability in physician documentation. Cohen’s kappa was 0.36 (95% CI 0.27-0.45), indicating fair agreement. The final eligible study population included 30 women, 28 (93%) identified by manual review and 17 (57%) electronically. The electronic approach markedly reduced time spent: 44 vs. 280 hours. Discussion: While electronic approach offers substantial cost and time savings, variability in physician documentation and inaccessibility of unstructured key data requires manual support to redress misclassification and exclusion of patients by electronic review. Conclusion: Key common data elements need to be developed and incorporated into the clinical care process. Technological innovations are needed to lessen the pain of structured field entry. Whereas the ultimate cost savings can be substantial, there needs to be upfront investment to obtain such efficiencies.
目的:电子健康档案(EHRs)为临床试验识别患者提供平台。我们比较了一种结合自然语言处理(NLP)和数据仓库查询能力的电子方法，使用结构化和非结构化信息与人工审查相结合，以评估确定乳腺癌试验受试者的可行性。材料和方法:研究纳入了2012年1月至2015年12月期间接受来曲唑单药治疗的新转移性、er阳性、her2阴性乳腺癌患者，且未接受过晚期疾病的全身治疗。采用Cohen’s kappa统计量评估方法间的一致性。结果:共确诊乳腺癌826例;83例确实转移，er阳性，her2阴性。人工检查确定了77例(93%)患者，而NLP检查确定了51例(61%)。电子方法遗漏的病例是由于数据难以获取和医生文件的可变性。Cohen’s kappa为0.36 (95% CI 0.27-0.45)，表明基本一致。最终符合条件的研究人群包括30名女性，28名(93%)通过人工评估确定，17名(57%)通过电子评估确定。电子方式显著减少了花费的时间:44小时比280小时。讨论:虽然电子方法节省了大量的成本和时间，但医生文档的可变性和非结构化关键数据的不可访问性需要人工支持，以纠正错误分类和通过电子审查排除患者。结论:需要开发关键的公共数据元素并将其纳入临床护理过程。需要技术创新来减轻结构化油田进入的痛苦。虽然最终节省的成本可能是可观的，但要获得这样的效率，需要进行前期投资。
{"title":"Electronic vs manual approaches to identify patients from the EHR for cancer clinical trials–what’s feasible","authors":"N. Bickell, Sylvia Lin, Helena L. Chang, T. Vleck, G. Nadkarni, Hannah Jacobs El, A. Tiersten, M. Shafir, A. Gelijns","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00436","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Electronic health records (EHRs) offer a platform to identify patients for clinical trials. We compared an electronic approach combining natural language processing (NLP) with query capabilities of Data Warehouse using structured and unstructured information against manual review to assess feasibility in identifying subjects for a breast cancer trial. Materials and methods: Study included women with new metastatic, ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, treated with letrozole monotherapy between January 2012 and December 2015 who did not receive prior systemic therapy for advanced disease. Concordance between approaches was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistic. Results: 826 breast cancer cases were identified; 83 were truly metastatic, ER-positive, HER2-negative. Manual review identified 77 (93%) patients compared to 51 (61%) by NLP. Cases missed by electronic approach were due to inaccessibility of data and variability in physician documentation. Cohen’s kappa was 0.36 (95% CI 0.27-0.45), indicating fair agreement. The final eligible study population included 30 women, 28 (93%) identified by manual review and 17 (57%) electronically. The electronic approach markedly reduced time spent: 44 vs. 280 hours. Discussion: While electronic approach offers substantial cost and time savings, variability in physician documentation and inaccessibility of unstructured key data requires manual support to redress misclassification and exclusion of patients by electronic review. Conclusion: Key common data elements need to be developed and incorporated into the clinical care process. Technological innovations are needed to lessen the pain of structured field entry. Whereas the ultimate cost savings can be substantial, there needs to be upfront investment to obtain such efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74848994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-04DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00434
G. Lazzari, Perri Francesco, giuseppina Della Vittoria, M. G. Monis, G. Porrazzo, G. Silvano
Background: Electron beam three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) may be an alternative effective option for the treatment of giant nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) of the head in older patients unfit for surgery. Here, we present a retrospective study of older patients with giant NMSCs of the head treated with 3D-conformal electron beam radiotherapy, including analysis of clinical outcomes and factors impacting local control. Materials and methods: Fifty older patients with sixty T3–T4 giant and aggressive NMSC lesions of the head, irradiated between 2005 and 2015, were retrospectively studied. Treatment consisted of one or two fields of customized electron beams planned using 3D conformal radiotherapy. Univariate analysis with Chi-square, Cox proportional hazard ratio, and Pearson’s covariance for multivariate analyses, assuming P<0.05 for statistical significance, were used to assess the impact of clinical and dosimetric parameters on local control. Results: Complete response (CR) occurred in 15 patients and 25 lesions. Bleeding control was obtained for all symptomatic lesions. Cumulative local progression free survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 85% and 78%, respectively. On univariate analysis several factors were found to significantly impact local progression, including diabetes (P<0.001) and primary site (P<0.03), with scalp being significant for durable local control (P<0.02). On multivariate analysis, both factors were confirmed as significant prognostic indicators of local control. Treatment was well-tolerated with acceptable acute and late toxicity and good palliation effect. Conclusion: Customized electron beam 3D CRT for giant NMSCs of the head not amendable to surgery in frail older patients can be considered an effective and safe option in both curative and palliative settings.
{"title":"Electron beam radiotherapy in giant non- melanoma skin cancers of the head in elderly inoperable patients: a single centre retrospective study","authors":"G. Lazzari, Perri Francesco, giuseppina Della Vittoria, M. G. Monis, G. Porrazzo, G. Silvano","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00434","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Electron beam three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) may be an alternative effective option for the treatment of giant nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) of the head in older patients unfit for surgery. Here, we present a retrospective study of older patients with giant NMSCs of the head treated with 3D-conformal electron beam radiotherapy, including analysis of clinical outcomes and factors impacting local control. Materials and methods: Fifty older patients with sixty T3–T4 giant and aggressive NMSC lesions of the head, irradiated between 2005 and 2015, were retrospectively studied. Treatment consisted of one or two fields of customized electron beams planned using 3D conformal radiotherapy. Univariate analysis with Chi-square, Cox proportional hazard ratio, and Pearson’s covariance for multivariate analyses, assuming P<0.05 for statistical significance, were used to assess the impact of clinical and dosimetric parameters on local control. Results: Complete response (CR) occurred in 15 patients and 25 lesions. Bleeding control was obtained for all symptomatic lesions. Cumulative local progression free survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 85% and 78%, respectively. On univariate analysis several factors were found to significantly impact local progression, including diabetes (P<0.001) and primary site (P<0.03), with scalp being significant for durable local control (P<0.02). On multivariate analysis, both factors were confirmed as significant prognostic indicators of local control. Treatment was well-tolerated with acceptable acute and late toxicity and good palliation effect. Conclusion: Customized electron beam 3D CRT for giant NMSCs of the head not amendable to surgery in frail older patients can be considered an effective and safe option in both curative and palliative settings.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"30-31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79196316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00433
Sonam Sharma, S. Singhal, Rajat Kamra
Malignant melanoma is one of the most belligerent neoplasm which arises from the skin melanocytes. The occurrence of this tumor in the female genital tract system is quite uncommon, where it usually involves the elderly women. It is important to recognize and give comprehensive diagnosis of such an extracutaneous melanoma, as it has poor prognosis in comparison to the cutaneous melanoma and requires different therapeutic approach. Herein, we describe a rare case of vulvar malignant melanoma in a young nulliparous female, which is not the usual age group for its presentation.
{"title":"Vulvar malignant melanoma: a rare occurrence in a young woman","authors":"Sonam Sharma, S. Singhal, Rajat Kamra","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00433","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant melanoma is one of the most belligerent neoplasm which arises from the skin melanocytes. The occurrence of this tumor in the female genital tract system is quite uncommon, where it usually involves the elderly women. It is important to recognize and give comprehensive diagnosis of such an extracutaneous melanoma, as it has poor prognosis in comparison to the cutaneous melanoma and requires different therapeutic approach. Herein, we describe a rare case of vulvar malignant melanoma in a young nulliparous female, which is not the usual age group for its presentation.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74509137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00432
G. Lazzari, Caterina Malcangi, E. Resta, E. D'Ettorre, G. Silvano
radiotherapy (RT) is a milestone in breast cancer conserving treatment. The lung and heart are the main organs at risk to be considered when an external beam RT is planned regardless of the chosen modality (3D conformal or IMRT). Although many efforts to comply with organ at risk constraints and minimize dose to them are observed in planning, unexpected severe toxicities could occur like pneumonitis outside the radiation port due to Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonitis (BOOP) primed by radiotherapy. Its clinical and radiological diagnosis do not meet criteria of a classical radiation pneumonitis but findings seem to be similar to COVID-19 (CO-19) pneumonia. At the COVID-19 pandemic time as at present, these clinical and CT findings similarities could yield confounding interpretations in diagnosis and lead to unnecessary panic induced scenarios with an admission of the suspected affected patient in isolation pathway. Moreover CO-19 pneumonia diagnosis may be complicated when negative swab and false negative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) are recorded. Broncholavage fluid (BAL) and specific serology together to adequate anamnesis may help clinicians in making a correct diagnosis and report. Herein a case series of two case reports showing many overlapping features between RT-BOOP and CO-19 pneumonia in two patients with negative swab and RT-PCR CO-19 test.
{"title":"Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonitis primed by adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer patient in comparison with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case series","authors":"G. Lazzari, Caterina Malcangi, E. Resta, E. D'Ettorre, G. Silvano","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00432","url":null,"abstract":"radiotherapy (RT) is a milestone in breast cancer conserving treatment. The lung and heart are the main organs at risk to be considered when an external beam RT is planned regardless of the chosen modality (3D conformal or IMRT). Although many efforts to comply with organ at risk constraints and minimize dose to them are observed in planning, unexpected severe toxicities could occur like pneumonitis outside the radiation port due to Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonitis (BOOP) primed by radiotherapy. Its clinical and radiological diagnosis do not meet criteria of a classical radiation pneumonitis but findings seem to be similar to COVID-19 (CO-19) pneumonia. At the COVID-19 pandemic time as at present, these clinical and CT findings similarities could yield confounding interpretations in diagnosis and lead to unnecessary panic induced scenarios with an admission of the suspected affected patient in isolation pathway. Moreover CO-19 pneumonia diagnosis may be complicated when negative swab and false negative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) are recorded. Broncholavage fluid (BAL) and specific serology together to adequate anamnesis may help clinicians in making a correct diagnosis and report. Herein a case series of two case reports showing many overlapping features between RT-BOOP and CO-19 pneumonia in two patients with negative swab and RT-PCR CO-19 test.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75907089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00431
A. Sümbül, I. Beypınar
drop from to 35% when the compared less than stage IIB and beyond. 3 In patients with early GC
低于IIB及以上阶段的比例从35%下降。3 .早期胃癌患者
{"title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer","authors":"A. Sümbül, I. Beypınar","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00431","url":null,"abstract":"drop from to 35% when the compared less than stage IIB and beyond. 3 In patients with early GC","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90617793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00429
Oluwaseun Fapohunda, D. C. Ajayi
Cancer has posed a great challenge to its victims all over the world. Researchers have developed several measures to combat this problem. However, it has been discovered that the major hindrance to breakthrough in this field is that cancer cells are able to resist treatment. A large pool of information was retrieved from several reputable articles most especially the recently published ones. In this review, some of the mechanisms adopted by these cells to confer resistance to treatment will be discussed. These mechanisms include drug efflux via ABC transporters, deregulation of cell death mechanisms, modification of drug targets and repair of damaged DNA. The possible means to overcome this resistance are also reviewed.
{"title":"Cancer cell metabolism resulting in multidrug resistance to chemotherapy and possible ways out","authors":"Oluwaseun Fapohunda, D. C. Ajayi","doi":"10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JCPCR.2020.11.00429","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer has posed a great challenge to its victims all over the world. Researchers have developed several measures to combat this problem. However, it has been discovered that the major hindrance to breakthrough in this field is that cancer cells are able to resist treatment. A large pool of information was retrieved from several reputable articles most especially the recently published ones. In this review, some of the mechanisms adopted by these cells to confer resistance to treatment will be discussed. These mechanisms include drug efflux via ABC transporters, deregulation of cell death mechanisms, modification of drug targets and repair of damaged DNA. The possible means to overcome this resistance are also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74062288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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