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Dental provider vaccination recommendations, a parent accepted strategy for disease prevention 牙科医生建议接种疫苗,是家长接受的疾病预防策略
Pub Date : 2019-10-28 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00404
Lisa A Waiwaiole, Michelle L Henninger, Daniel J Pihlstrom, Michael C Leo, David M Mosen, Allison L Naleway
Recommended vaccines for adolescents between the ages of 11-17 years in the United States (U.S.) are tetanus-diphtheriaacellular pertussis (Tdap), meningococcal conjugate (MCV4), human papillomavirus (HPV), and seasonal influenza (flu). While U.S. vaccine coverage rates for Tdap and MCV4 approach Healthy People target goals of 80%, coverage rates are 43% for HPV1 and 49% for flu.2 The American Academy of Paediatrics cites the need for improvement in vaccination rates.3 A model suggests that increasing HPV vaccine coverage to 80% for 13 birth cohorts of U.S. girls 12 and under could avoid 53,300 lifetime cervical cancer cases.4 Given that most flu-associated pediatric deaths are in children who were not vaccinated, estimates show that vaccination could reduce risk of death by 50% for children in high-risk categories and two-thirds for children with no high-risk conditions.5 With pertussis disease rates increasing,6 increased vaccination coverage could prevent death and disease. Renewed strategies are needed to address low vaccination rates.
在美国,11-17岁的青少年推荐接种的疫苗有破伤风-白喉-无细胞百日咳(Tdap)、脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗(MCV4)、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)和季节性流感(流感)。虽然美国百白破和MCV4疫苗的覆盖率接近80%的健康人目标,但hpv疫苗的覆盖率为43%,流感疫苗的覆盖率为49%美国儿科学会指出需要提高疫苗接种率一个模型表明,将13组12岁及以下美国女孩的HPV疫苗覆盖率提高到80%,可以避免53,300例终生宫颈癌病例鉴于大多数与流感相关的儿童死亡都发生在未接种疫苗的儿童中,估计表明,接种疫苗可将高危类别儿童的死亡风险降低50%,将无高危情况儿童的死亡风险降低三分之二随着百日咳发病率的增加,增加疫苗接种率可以预防死亡和疾病。需要更新战略以解决疫苗接种率低的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Electro-therapies for sarcomas 电疗法治疗肉瘤
Pub Date : 2019-10-25 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00403
R. Sundararajan, S. Poompavai, G. Sree, S. Madhivanan, S. Prabakaran, I. Camarillo
Sarcomas are cancers of the bones and soft tissues.1,2 They are generally divided into soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and bone sarcomas based on their different mesenchymal origins and anatomical locations. They develop from cells that maintain the structure or cushion other organs in our bodies, including bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, and tendons. The different types of sarcomas are: a) Primary bone sarcomas, including Chondrosarcoma, Ewing Sarcoma, and Osteosarcoma. The various soft tissue sarcomas are: Angiosarcoma, Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST), Kaposi Sarcoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Liposarcoma, Synovial Sarcoma, Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma, Desmoid Fibromatosis and Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis.2 They are uncommon and make up only 1 percent of all adult cancers.1 However, in children and young adults of up to 30years age, its occurrence is higher; up to 3/100,000 happen and especially Ewing Sarcoma is experienced by teens. Since sarcomas are transported by blood, their spread is quicker and often secondaries are possible, compared to other cancers, such as carcinomas. About 80 percent of sarcomas begin in the body’s soft tissues (cartilage, muscle, fat, and tendons). The other 20 percent arise in the bones. Medical news today1 indicates that 60% of sarcoma starts in an arm or leg, 30% in abdomen or torso and 10% in neck or head. The greatest numbers of bone tumors are metastatic and spread to lung, colon, or breast. Figure 1 shows different types of sarcomas including angiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, etc.3
肉瘤是骨骼和软组织的癌症。1,2根据其间质来源和解剖位置的不同,一般分为软组织肉瘤(STS)和骨肉瘤。它们由维持我们身体其他器官的结构或缓冲的细胞发展而来,包括骨骼、软骨、肌肉、脂肪和肌腱。不同类型的肉瘤有:a)原发性骨肉瘤,包括软骨肉瘤、尤文氏肉瘤和骨肉瘤。软组织肉瘤的种类有:血管肉瘤、胃肠道间质瘤、卡波西肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤、未分化多形性肉瘤、硬纤维瘤病和色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎。它们并不常见,仅占所有成人癌症的1%然而,在儿童和30岁以下的年轻人中,其发生率更高;高达三分之十的发病率,尤因肉瘤发生在青少年中。由于肉瘤是通过血液运输的,与其他癌症(如癌症)相比,它们的扩散速度更快,而且往往有可能继发。大约80%的肉瘤起源于人体的软组织(软骨、肌肉、脂肪和肌腱)。另外20%来自骨骼。今天的医学新闻1表明,60%的肉瘤起源于手臂或腿部,30%在腹部或躯干,10%在颈部或头部。大多数骨肿瘤是转移性的,并扩散到肺、结肠或乳房。图1显示了不同类型的肉瘤,包括血管肉瘤、骨肉瘤、尤文氏肉瘤、软骨肉瘤等
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引用次数: 2
Abscopal effect in head and neck cancer: a unicorn summoned once every eon? 头颈癌的异象效应:每千年召唤一次独角兽?
Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00402
Efstathios Kamperis, C. Kodona, K. Markou, Vasileios, Giannouzakos
Abscopal effect is the reduction of tumor lesions located outside the irradiation field, assuming no other active systemic cytotoxic is administered concurrently. The term was first coined by Mole and etymologically is derived from the Latin prefix “ab” which means “position away from” and the word “scopos” which means “target”.2 Hence, abscopal effect is an “effect away from the target”. It is noteworthy that Mole used the term to describe radiation effects to normal organs, not tumors. In specific, he noticed that thyroid depression would appear only when sufficient volume of the abdomen was irradiated. Although the term was introduced in the middle of the 20th century, the first clinical case is often attributed to McCulloch who, in 1908, irradiated the regional lymph nodes of a patient with locally advanced unresectable laryngeal cancer achieving complete remission.3
体外效应是指位于照射场外的肿瘤病变的减少,假设没有其他有效的全身细胞毒同时施用。这个词最初是由摩尔创造的,词源学上由拉丁语前缀“ab”和“scopos”组成,前者的意思是“远离”,后者的意思是“目标”因此,abscopal effect是指“远离目标的效应”。值得注意的是,摩尔用这个术语来描述辐射对正常器官的影响,而不是肿瘤。具体地说,他注意到只有当腹部有足够的体积照射时才会出现甲状腺抑制。虽然这个术语是在20世纪中叶被引入的,但第一个临床病例通常被认为是McCulloch,他在1908年对一位局部晚期不可切除喉癌患者的局部淋巴结进行了放射治疗,使其完全缓解
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引用次数: 2
Anesthetic management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma 甲状腺间变性癌的麻醉治疗
Pub Date : 2019-10-11 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00401
Barbabosa Balanzario MA, Vázquez Roque P, Cortes Aceves HO, Puente Solorio A
examination, the patient is shown with a volume increase in the neck with a neck circumference of 66 centimeters, the largest limited oral opening, a chest x-ray is performed presenting retrosternal goitre with displacement and narrowness of the airway to the left. Therefore, computed tomography is taken, revealing narrowness of the larynx of 7.4x17.09 mm corroborated in the reconstruction of the airway (Figure 2–5), so it was scheduled by general surgery for a thyroidectomy plus tracheostomy.
检查时,患者颈部体积增大,颈围66厘米,最大口开口受限,胸片显示胸骨后甲状腺肿,左侧气道移位和狭窄。因此,采取计算机断层扫描,显示7.4 × 17.09 mm的喉狭窄,证实了气道重建(图2-5),因此通过普外科安排甲状腺切除术加气管切开术。
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引用次数: 0
Update on PARP inhibitor therapy for solid tumors PARP抑制剂治疗实体瘤的最新进展
Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00400
S. Bayraktar, S. Glück, H. Darling
There are different types of DNA defects caused by chemicals and environmental factors which include single-strand break (SSB), mismatch repair (MMR), and double-strand break (DSB).1 Polyadenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) and -2 (PARP2) enzymes2 are responsible for repair of most of the SSB. After they detect the defective site, they bind to the DNA damage site and recruit a set proteins to repair the break.3,4 When those proteins are recruited to the damaged site, the PARP-DNA interaction becomes unstable so that DNA repair can proceed.5 If the SSB are not repaired, they are converted to DSB.6 In that situation, another repair mechanism called homologous recombination (HR) will play a role. This mechanism is well represented in PARP1 knockout mice that SSB could not be repaired, but HR repair and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways were able to repair the formed DSB (Figure 1). HR is slower than NHEJ, but it is more accurate.7
由化学物质和环境因素引起的DNA缺陷有不同类型,包括单链断裂(SSB)、错配修复(MMR)和双链断裂(DSB)聚腺苷二磷酸[ADP]核糖聚合酶-1 (PARP1)和-2 (PARP2)酶2负责大部分SSB的修复。在检测到缺陷位点后,它们结合到DNA损伤位点并招募一组蛋白质来修复断裂。当这些蛋白质被招募到受损部位时,PARP-DNA的相互作用变得不稳定,从而使DNA修复得以进行如果SSB没有得到修复,它们就会转化为DSB.6。在这种情况下,另一种称为同源重组(homologous recombination, HR)的修复机制将发挥作用。这一机制在PARP1敲除小鼠中得到了很好的体现,SSB无法修复,但HR修复和非同源末端连接(NHEJ)途径能够修复形成的DSB(图1)。HR比NHEJ慢,但更准确
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引用次数: 3
Metanephric stromal tumor, a rare pediatric renal neoplasm in Iranian children 后肾间质瘤,一种罕见的伊朗儿童肾脏肿瘤
Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00398
B. Abdolkarimi, B. Khodadadi, Kamran Sabzyan
Stromal tumors comprise less than 20% of the pediatric renal neoplasms.1 Metanephric stromal tumor (MST) is a very rare pediatric renal mass most occurring during infancy and childhood. Surgical excision of the lesion alone is curative in most patients.2 The correct diagnosis of this benign tumor is important because it saves the patient from side effects of unnecessary chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The most presentation of MST is an abdominal mass. In this report, a MST presented with an asymptomatic mass during vesicourethral reflux (VUR) follow up in a 3 y-old girl.
间质瘤占儿童肾肿瘤的不到20%后肾间质瘤(MST)是一种非常罕见的儿童肾脏肿块,多发生在婴儿期和儿童期。对大多数病人来说,单纯手术切除病变是可以治愈的这种良性肿瘤的正确诊断很重要,因为它使患者免于不必要的化疗或放疗的副作用。MST最常见的表现是腹部肿块。在这个报告中,一个3岁的女孩在膀胱尿道反流(VUR)随访期间出现了一个无症状的肿块。
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引用次数: 0
The role of dental professionals in managing HPV infection and oral cancer 牙科专业人员在管理HPV感染和口腔癌中的作用
Pub Date : 2019-08-21 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00397
A. Hakeem, F. Catalanotto
Introduction: A dramatic increase in the number of cases of head and neck cancers in the U.S. Oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) have been found to be linked to strains of high-risk human papillomavirus infections. 1 The purpose of this paper is to review recent updates on the spread of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and the increase of oral cancer, as well as the potential roles of dental professionals in the prevention of HPV infection and oral cancer. Also, to help guide dental professionals about their important role in prevention and patient counselling related to HPV infection and oral cancer. Methods: The literature review was conducted via the examination of 110 scholarly articles, which were published between 2010 and 2019. For these articles, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, which resulted in the selection of 41 sources relevant to the issue. Inclusion criteria were articles related to oral cancer prevalence (epidemiology), HPV, the role of dental professionals, risky sexual practices, HPV vaccine, barriers, and recommendations. For exclusion criteria, articles which were completed outside the United States and Canada, in languages other than English, or were only partially available, were avoided. Additionally, technical articles and articles which precede more recent ones on the same topic were eliminated. Conclusion: Dental professionals are encouraged to be part of this prevention effort against HPV infection.
导言:在美国,头颈癌病例数量急剧增加,口咽癌(OPCs)已被发现与高危人乳头瘤病毒感染菌株有关。本文的目的是回顾人类乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染的传播和口腔癌的增加的最新进展,以及牙科专业人员在预防HPV感染和口腔癌方面的潜在作用。同时,帮助牙科专业人员了解他们在预防HPV感染和口腔癌方面的重要作用和患者咨询。方法:对2010 - 2019年发表的110篇学术论文进行文献综述。对于这些条款,采用了列入和排除标准,结果选出了41个与该问题有关的来源。纳入标准是与口腔癌患病率(流行病学)、HPV、牙科专业人员的作用、危险性行为、HPV疫苗、障碍和建议相关的文章。对于排除标准,避免在美国和加拿大以外以英语以外的语言完成的文章,或仅部分提供的文章。此外,关于同一主题的技术文章和之前的文章也被删除。结论:鼓励牙科专业人员成为预防HPV感染的一部分。
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引用次数: 3
Impact of volumetric imaging (CBCT) in defining PTV margins in the treatment of carcinoma cervix 体积成像(CBCT)在确定PTV边缘治疗宫颈癌的影响
Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00396
S. Sehgal, A. Anand, R. Munjal, A. Bansal
Carcinoma cervix presently poses a major burden on India’s health care system. The incidence of these tumors is on an increasing trend worldwide. There will be 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths worldwide in 2018. Globally, cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. However, in India every year 96,922 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed and amongst them 60,078 die from the disease.1
宫颈癌目前是印度卫生保健系统的一个主要负担。这些肿瘤的发病率在世界范围内呈上升趋势。2018年,全球将有1810万新病例和960万癌症死亡病例。在全球范围内,子宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率都排在第四位。然而,在印度,每年诊断出96,922例新的宫颈癌病例,其中60,078人死于该疾病
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引用次数: 1
Surgical complication of undiagnosed idiopathic central sleep apnea: case report 未确诊的特发性中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停手术并发症1例
Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00395
Mohammad Reza. Mahmoudian Sani, Nematollah Mokhtari Amirmajdi
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引用次数: 0
Venous thromboembolism and pancreatic cancer 静脉血栓栓塞和胰腺癌
Pub Date : 2019-06-20 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00394
K. Messoudi, N. Acharfi, K. Oualla, S. Berrad, I. E. Ouadki, L. Amaadour, Z. Benbrahim, S. Arifi, N. Mellas
The median age of overall patients was 59.2 with range between 54 and 77. ECOG performance status was 3 and 4 in 30% cases. More than half of patients (70%) had metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and nearly half of them (27.1%) had multiple metastatic lesions. A total of 23 (18.7%) patients underwent major abdominal surgery with the aim of curative treatment and 72 (60%) received chemotherapy with adjuvant or palliative aims.
患者的中位年龄为59.2岁,年龄范围在54 - 77岁之间。30%的病例ECOG表现为3和4。超过一半(70%)的患者有转移性胰腺腺癌,近一半(27.1%)的患者有多发转移灶。共有23例(18.7%)患者接受了以治愈性治疗为目的的腹部大手术,72例(60%)患者接受了以辅助或姑息性治疗为目的的化疗。
{"title":"Venous thromboembolism and pancreatic cancer","authors":"K. Messoudi, N. Acharfi, K. Oualla, S. Berrad, I. E. Ouadki, L. Amaadour, Z. Benbrahim, S. Arifi, N. Mellas","doi":"10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2019.10.00394","url":null,"abstract":"The median age of overall patients was 59.2 with range between 54 and 77. ECOG performance status was 3 and 4 in 30% cases. More than half of patients (70%) had metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and nearly half of them (27.1%) had multiple metastatic lesions. A total of 23 (18.7%) patients underwent major abdominal surgery with the aim of curative treatment and 72 (60%) received chemotherapy with adjuvant or palliative aims.","PeriodicalId":15185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82263499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research
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