S. Arango-Varela, David Torres-Camargo, Camilo Reyes-Dieck, Maria Bibiana Zapata-Londoño, M. Maldonado-Celis
BACKGROUND: Andean berry contains several classes of phenolic compounds which have showed antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the Andean berry aqueous extract and to study their anti-proliferative mechanisms on SW480 and SW620 cell lines (human colon adenocarcinoma). METHODS: Total phenolic and total anthocyanins contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and differential pH methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was measured by FRAP, ORAC and DPPH methods. Antiproliferative effect was determined by sulforhodamine colorimetric method and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide/Annexin-V. Mitochondrial potential was evaluated using DIOC6 and ROS levels were measured by 2,7-Dicholorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). RESULTS: The total phenol and anthocyanin content were 4409.78± 63,05 mg equivalents of gallic acid/100 mL and 106,57± 1.43 mg equivalents of cyanidin-3-glycoside/100 mL, respectively. Andean berry extract showed antioxidant activity by FRAP, ORAC and DPPH methods and antiproliferative effect on SW480 and SW620 cells. It was observed a cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases on SW480 and at G0/G1 phase on SW620 cells. Aqueous extract did not induce mitochondrial depolarization or affect intracellular ROS levels. CONCLUSIONS: Andean berry aqueous extract has antioxidant capacity and induces apoptosis involving cell cycle arrest in SW480 and SW620 cells without mitochondrial damage.
{"title":"Aqueous extract of andean berry induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells without mitochondrial damage","authors":"S. Arango-Varela, David Torres-Camargo, Camilo Reyes-Dieck, Maria Bibiana Zapata-Londoño, M. Maldonado-Celis","doi":"10.3233/JBR-200684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-200684","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Andean berry contains several classes of phenolic compounds which have showed antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the Andean berry aqueous extract and to study their anti-proliferative mechanisms on SW480 and SW620 cell lines (human colon adenocarcinoma). METHODS: Total phenolic and total anthocyanins contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and differential pH methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was measured by FRAP, ORAC and DPPH methods. Antiproliferative effect was determined by sulforhodamine colorimetric method and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide/Annexin-V. Mitochondrial potential was evaluated using DIOC6 and ROS levels were measured by 2,7-Dicholorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). RESULTS: The total phenol and anthocyanin content were 4409.78± 63,05 mg equivalents of gallic acid/100 mL and 106,57± 1.43 mg equivalents of cyanidin-3-glycoside/100 mL, respectively. Andean berry extract showed antioxidant activity by FRAP, ORAC and DPPH methods and antiproliferative effect on SW480 and SW620 cells. It was observed a cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases on SW480 and at G0/G1 phase on SW620 cells. Aqueous extract did not induce mitochondrial depolarization or affect intracellular ROS levels. CONCLUSIONS: Andean berry aqueous extract has antioxidant capacity and induces apoptosis involving cell cycle arrest in SW480 and SW620 cells without mitochondrial damage.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-200684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48283971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, four different drying methods, namely natural drying in sun, natural drying in shade, natural drying in sun using a dipping solution and natural drying in shade using dipping solution were used to drying Ekşikara grapes growing in Karaman, Turkey. While aw values of all grapes were decreased during drying, total soluble solids content increased. The values of pH and total acidity in grape samples significantly increased during the drying period due to the increase in dry matter content. The results showed that all the drying treatments significantly increased the total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, trans-resveratrol, organic acid and sugar compounds. Trans-resveratrol amounts were slightly higher in the samples dried in the shade and in the dipping solution treatment and decreased as the drying time increases. An increase in organic acid and sugar contents was observed depending on the drying time. The change of colour was comparatively faster in dried samples with dipping solution. It was found that dipping solution treatment (7 days) reduced the drying time by half when compared to the samples without dipping solution treatment (15 days). This result is important for the grape producers of Karaman/Turkey, where the drying period under sun generally take 15 days.
{"title":"The effects of different drying methods on some physical and chemical properties of ‘Eksikara’ grape cultivar grown in Karaman region","authors":"İrem Mazlum, N. M. Nizamlioğlu","doi":"10.3233/JBR-210703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-210703","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, four different drying methods, namely natural drying in sun, natural drying in shade, natural drying in sun using a dipping solution and natural drying in shade using dipping solution were used to drying Ekşikara grapes growing in Karaman, Turkey. While aw values of all grapes were decreased during drying, total soluble solids content increased. The values of pH and total acidity in grape samples significantly increased during the drying period due to the increase in dry matter content. The results showed that all the drying treatments significantly increased the total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, trans-resveratrol, organic acid and sugar compounds. Trans-resveratrol amounts were slightly higher in the samples dried in the shade and in the dipping solution treatment and decreased as the drying time increases. An increase in organic acid and sugar contents was observed depending on the drying time. The change of colour was comparatively faster in dried samples with dipping solution. It was found that dipping solution treatment (7 days) reduced the drying time by half when compared to the samples without dipping solution treatment (15 days). This result is important for the grape producers of Karaman/Turkey, where the drying period under sun generally take 15 days.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-210703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43420765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Yuanxiu, Chunyan Wang, Xiao Wang, Yue Maolan, Zhang Yunting, Qing Chen, Mengyao Li, Ya Luo, Zhang Yong, Yan Wang, Xiaorong Wang, Haoru Tang
BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins are not only one of the most important antioxidants in plants but also responsible for the coloration in strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa), it is suggested to be associated with ascorbic acid (AsA), sugars and plant hormones metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the molecular differences of genes and pathways in the presence and absence of anthocyanins. METHODS: RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of red-fleshed strawberry ‘Benihoppe’ and its white-fleshed mutant ‘Xiaobai’ was performed. RESULTS: A total of 1,156 and 1,378 transcripts were differentially expressed (DE) in two cultivars at white stage and red stage respectively. Among them, 28, 49 and 72 DE transcripts were involved in AsA, sugars metabolism and plant hormones signaling respectively. Fruits of ‘Benihoppe’ with higher anthocyanins content contained higher AsA, the expression of D-galacturonate reductase (GalUR) in white-fleshed strawberry was down-regulated. Particularly, the expression of transcripts involved in sugars, jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling was decreased, by contrast, the expression of transcripts involved in auxin and gibberellins (GAs) signaling was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: The lower AsA level in white-fleshed strawberry is possibly because of the lower flux of D-galacturonate biosynthesis pathway. Anthocyanins was associated with gene expression involved in AsA, sugars, and hormones signaling metabolisms.
{"title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals genes and pathways associated with anthocyanins in strawberry","authors":"Lin Yuanxiu, Chunyan Wang, Xiao Wang, Yue Maolan, Zhang Yunting, Qing Chen, Mengyao Li, Ya Luo, Zhang Yong, Yan Wang, Xiaorong Wang, Haoru Tang","doi":"10.3233/JBR-200685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-200685","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins are not only one of the most important antioxidants in plants but also responsible for the coloration in strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa), it is suggested to be associated with ascorbic acid (AsA), sugars and plant hormones metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the molecular differences of genes and pathways in the presence and absence of anthocyanins. METHODS: RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of red-fleshed strawberry ‘Benihoppe’ and its white-fleshed mutant ‘Xiaobai’ was performed. RESULTS: A total of 1,156 and 1,378 transcripts were differentially expressed (DE) in two cultivars at white stage and red stage respectively. Among them, 28, 49 and 72 DE transcripts were involved in AsA, sugars metabolism and plant hormones signaling respectively. Fruits of ‘Benihoppe’ with higher anthocyanins content contained higher AsA, the expression of D-galacturonate reductase (GalUR) in white-fleshed strawberry was down-regulated. Particularly, the expression of transcripts involved in sugars, jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling was decreased, by contrast, the expression of transcripts involved in auxin and gibberellins (GAs) signaling was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: The lower AsA level in white-fleshed strawberry is possibly because of the lower flux of D-galacturonate biosynthesis pathway. Anthocyanins was associated with gene expression involved in AsA, sugars, and hormones signaling metabolisms.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-200685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43626300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Vilkickytė, V. Motiekaitytė, R. Vainorienė, M. Liaudanskas, L. Raudonė
BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins are one of the key factors contributing to the quality and biological activities in various berries. Particular attention was devoted to Vaccinium L. berries, because of being commonly consumed in daily life and providing a large potential for the development of new pharmaceutical applications. OBJECTIVE: The present work aimed at establishing a novel UPLC-PDA method for profiling anthocyanins in berries and evaluating their distribution in cultivated lingonberries. METHODS: The method was developed and validated using bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.), and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) matrices. Anthocyanins content variation was analyzed among 7 different cultivars and 1 infraspecific taxon of lingonberries. RESULTS: The proposed method ensured the separation of 20 compounds, including major and minor anthocyanins and their aglycones, in bilberries, 15 in cranberries, and 9 in lingonberries, during 12 min analysis. Bilberry matrix was distinguished by the most complex profile and the presence of delphinidin and petunidin, which were not identified either in cranberries or lingonberries. Cranberry anthocyanins consisted mainly of the 3-galactosides of cyanidin and peonidin, whereas lingonberry anthocyanins included cyanidin and its glycosides with just traces of other anthocyanins. Obtained anthocyanins fingerprinting results have guidance function in practice and demonstrate valuable chemophenetic information for studied Vaccinium berries. All determined method validation values were considered to be acceptable. Variation analysis of anthocyanins levels among cultivated lingonberries suggested genetic diversity and because of the highest anthocyanins content—the superiority of Russian cultivars (‘Kostromička’ and ‘Rubin’). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report on the anthocyanins of certain lingonberry cultivars. CONCLUSIONS: This study resulted in the rapid, simple, and validated method, which was shown to be applicable and convenient for routine analysis and authentication of Vaccinium berry samples.
{"title":"Development, validation, and application of UPLC-PDA method for anthocyanins profiling in Vaccinium L. berries","authors":"G. Vilkickytė, V. Motiekaitytė, R. Vainorienė, M. Liaudanskas, L. Raudonė","doi":"10.3233/jbr-200658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jbr-200658","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins are one of the key factors contributing to the quality and biological activities in various berries. Particular attention was devoted to Vaccinium L. berries, because of being commonly consumed in daily life and providing a large potential for the development of new pharmaceutical applications. OBJECTIVE: The present work aimed at establishing a novel UPLC-PDA method for profiling anthocyanins in berries and evaluating their distribution in cultivated lingonberries. METHODS: The method was developed and validated using bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.), and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) matrices. Anthocyanins content variation was analyzed among 7 different cultivars and 1 infraspecific taxon of lingonberries. RESULTS: The proposed method ensured the separation of 20 compounds, including major and minor anthocyanins and their aglycones, in bilberries, 15 in cranberries, and 9 in lingonberries, during 12 min analysis. Bilberry matrix was distinguished by the most complex profile and the presence of delphinidin and petunidin, which were not identified either in cranberries or lingonberries. Cranberry anthocyanins consisted mainly of the 3-galactosides of cyanidin and peonidin, whereas lingonberry anthocyanins included cyanidin and its glycosides with just traces of other anthocyanins. Obtained anthocyanins fingerprinting results have guidance function in practice and demonstrate valuable chemophenetic information for studied Vaccinium berries. All determined method validation values were considered to be acceptable. Variation analysis of anthocyanins levels among cultivated lingonberries suggested genetic diversity and because of the highest anthocyanins content—the superiority of Russian cultivars (‘Kostromička’ and ‘Rubin’). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report on the anthocyanins of certain lingonberry cultivars. CONCLUSIONS: This study resulted in the rapid, simple, and validated method, which was shown to be applicable and convenient for routine analysis and authentication of Vaccinium berry samples.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/jbr-200658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70018064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaqiong Wu, C. Zhang, Wenlong Wu, Weilin Li, Lyu Lianfei
BACKGROUND: Black raspberry is a vital fruit crop with a high antioxidant function. MADS-box genes play an important role in the regulation of fruit development in angiosperms. OBJECTIVE: To understand the regulatory role of the MADS-box family, a total of 80 MADS-box genes were identified and analyzed. METHODS: The MADS-box genes in the black raspberry genome were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Through an analysis of the promoter elements, the possible functions of different members of the family were predicted. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of members of the MADS-box family during black raspberry fruit development and ripening were systematically analyzed. RESULTS: The genes were classified into type I (Mα: 33; Mβ: 6; Mγ: 10) and type II (MIKC*: 2; MIKCC: 29) genes. We also obtained a complete overview of the RoMADS-box gene family through phylogenetic, gene structure, conserved motif, and cis element analyses. The relative expression analysis showed different expression patterns, and most RoMADS-box genes were more highly expressed in fruit than in other tissues of black raspberry. CONCLUSIONS: This finding indicates that the MADS-box gene family is involved in the regulation of fruit ripening processes in black raspberry.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification and analysis of the MADS-box gene family and its potential role in fruit ripening in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.)","authors":"Yaqiong Wu, C. Zhang, Wenlong Wu, Weilin Li, Lyu Lianfei","doi":"10.3233/JBR-200679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-200679","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Black raspberry is a vital fruit crop with a high antioxidant function. MADS-box genes play an important role in the regulation of fruit development in angiosperms. OBJECTIVE: To understand the regulatory role of the MADS-box family, a total of 80 MADS-box genes were identified and analyzed. METHODS: The MADS-box genes in the black raspberry genome were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Through an analysis of the promoter elements, the possible functions of different members of the family were predicted. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of members of the MADS-box family during black raspberry fruit development and ripening were systematically analyzed. RESULTS: The genes were classified into type I (Mα: 33; Mβ: 6; Mγ: 10) and type II (MIKC*: 2; MIKCC: 29) genes. We also obtained a complete overview of the RoMADS-box gene family through phylogenetic, gene structure, conserved motif, and cis element analyses. The relative expression analysis showed different expression patterns, and most RoMADS-box genes were more highly expressed in fruit than in other tissues of black raspberry. CONCLUSIONS: This finding indicates that the MADS-box gene family is involved in the regulation of fruit ripening processes in black raspberry.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-200679","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The use of polysaccharide based edible coatings as a barrier against the solute entry of high caloric constituents, such as sucrose, is a suitable strategy to develop pro-healthy osmo-dehydrated products. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to study the effect of a calcium alginate film over the drying kinetics of strawberries during an osmotic dehydration (OD) treatment at 60°Brix, 4 h, 40°C (sucrose). Also, textural parameters were evaluated. METHODS: It was determined the changes in some selected physical properties, such as: moisture, total solid contents, one-dimensional shrinkage and texture, at 30 min steps during OD treatment. Besides, water and solid diffusion coefficients ( D e W and D e TS , respectively) were calculated by using the analytical solution of Fick’s equation. RESULTS: Diffusion coefficients for water and solids showed significant differences due to coating presence as an evidence of the barrier effect. Coated strawberry samples presented several changes after 2 h of OD treatment at the assayed conditions for most of the parameters evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Alginate coating at the tested conditions acts as a barrier to sucrose influx and to water outflux until 2 and 3 h of OD treatment, respectively. Besides, a good textural quality for osmotically-dehydrated strawberries was obtained.
背景:使用基于多糖的可食用涂层作为高热量成分(如蔗糖)溶质进入的屏障，是开发有利于健康的渗透脱水产品的合适策略。目的:本研究旨在研究海藻酸钙薄膜对草莓在60°白利度、4小时、40°C(蔗糖)条件下渗透脱水(OD)过程中干燥动力学的影响。同时，对纹理参数进行了评估。方法:测定外加剂处理30 min时，水分、总固形物含量、一维收缩率和织构等部分物理性能的变化。利用菲克方程的解析解计算了水扩散系数和固体扩散系数(分别为D e W和D e TS)。结果:由于涂层的存在，水和固体的扩散系数有显著差异，这是屏障效应的证据。在测定条件下，涂膜草莓样品在OD处理2 h后，对大多数参数的评价都发生了一些变化。结论:在实验条件下，海藻酸盐包衣分别在OD处理2和3 h前对蔗糖内流和水外流起屏障作用。此外，还获得了良好的渗透脱水草莓的质地。
{"title":"Diffusional analysis and textural properties of coated strawberries during osmotic dehydration treatment","authors":"J. Gamboa‐Santos, M. F. Vasco, L. Campañone","doi":"10.3233/JBR-200554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-200554","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The use of polysaccharide based edible coatings as a barrier against the solute entry of high caloric constituents, such as sucrose, is a suitable strategy to develop pro-healthy osmo-dehydrated products. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to study the effect of a calcium alginate film over the drying kinetics of strawberries during an osmotic dehydration (OD) treatment at 60°Brix, 4 h, 40°C (sucrose). Also, textural parameters were evaluated. METHODS: It was determined the changes in some selected physical properties, such as: moisture, total solid contents, one-dimensional shrinkage and texture, at 30 min steps during OD treatment. Besides, water and solid diffusion coefficients ( D e W and D e TS , respectively) were calculated by using the analytical solution of Fick’s equation. RESULTS: Diffusion coefficients for water and solids showed significant differences due to coating presence as an evidence of the barrier effect. Coated strawberry samples presented several changes after 2 h of OD treatment at the assayed conditions for most of the parameters evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Alginate coating at the tested conditions acts as a barrier to sucrose influx and to water outflux until 2 and 3 h of OD treatment, respectively. Besides, a good textural quality for osmotically-dehydrated strawberries was obtained.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-200554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuyan Wang, Jie Yu, Jun Wang, Jigang Zhang, Liu Yang, Kexin Li, Yi Zhang
BACKGROUND: Blueberry is among the fastest growing fruit crops in the world, which is beneficial to human health and attracts extensive interests. In contrast to its rapid development and utilization, availability of molecular and genetic resources for blueberries are still scarce. OBJECTIVE: In present report, transcriptomic profiling of four widely cultivated varieties of Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush blueberries were characterized to assist the breeding programs. METHODS: Both de novo and reference-based assembly were conducted to generate the genetic resources that can be used in the further functional and breeding studies. RESULTS: De novo and reference-based assembly found average 136,350 and 158,123 non-redundant transcripts, respectively. Average 57,668 de novo assembled transcripts can be functionally annotated by homology search with different databases. We further detected 6,268 polymorphic simple sequence repeats, 566,913 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms and 88,662 insertion and deletions among the four varieties with comparison to a recently released reference genome of blueberry. Differentially expressed genes analysis showed that varieties of same species show less differences within species but larger differences between species. CONCLUSIONS: These comprehensive and high-quality genetic resources will contribute to a wide range of genetics and molecular breeding studies in blueberries.
{"title":"Transcriptome based genetic resources from Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush blueberries","authors":"Chuyan Wang, Jie Yu, Jun Wang, Jigang Zhang, Liu Yang, Kexin Li, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.3233/JBR-200672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-200672","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Blueberry is among the fastest growing fruit crops in the world, which is beneficial to human health and attracts extensive interests. In contrast to its rapid development and utilization, availability of molecular and genetic resources for blueberries are still scarce. OBJECTIVE: In present report, transcriptomic profiling of four widely cultivated varieties of Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush blueberries were characterized to assist the breeding programs. METHODS: Both de novo and reference-based assembly were conducted to generate the genetic resources that can be used in the further functional and breeding studies. RESULTS: De novo and reference-based assembly found average 136,350 and 158,123 non-redundant transcripts, respectively. Average 57,668 de novo assembled transcripts can be functionally annotated by homology search with different databases. We further detected 6,268 polymorphic simple sequence repeats, 566,913 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms and 88,662 insertion and deletions among the four varieties with comparison to a recently released reference genome of blueberry. Differentially expressed genes analysis showed that varieties of same species show less differences within species but larger differences between species. CONCLUSIONS: These comprehensive and high-quality genetic resources will contribute to a wide range of genetics and molecular breeding studies in blueberries.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-200672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70018220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guirong Li, Ran Quan, Shanshan Cheng, Xiaojin Hou, Huiling Hu
BACKGROUND: HD-Zip genes encode several large and highly conserved protein families of transcription factors that play important roles in plant development and responses to environmental stress. To date, information about the involvement of HD-Zip in grape to drought response is limited. OBJECTIVE: The production of grapes is limited by a range of biotic and abiotic stresses, which cause significant losses in yield every year as well as a reduction in fruit quality. Identification and analysis of stress related genes in grapes are very important for cultivating more robust varieties with environmental stress resistance METHODS: We isolated a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene (HD-Zip), VvHDZ4, from grape, Vitis vinifera L. “Yatomi Rose”, and characterized VvHDZ4 based on analyses of its expression patterns, subcellular localization, transcription activity, and overexpression. RESULTS: We found that VvHDZ4 was highly expressed in roots and leaves, localized to nucleus, and activated the expression of reporter genes in yeast. The overexpression (OE) of VvHDZ4 led to enhanced drought stress tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum L. “Ailsa Craig” (tomato). The drought-tolerant phenotypes of the OE lines exhibited decreases in electrolyte leakage and rate of water loss, higher photosynthetic production and net photosynthesis rate, and showed up-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), all of which are key antioxidant enzymes known to be activated during drought stress. Moreover, we observed the up-regulation of four additional drought stress indicator genes, SIDREB2A, SIAREB, SIRD29 and SIERD10, in the OE lines. VvHDZ4 improved drought tolerance in tomato, and the modes of action possibly consist of reducing membrane damage, increasing photosynthetic productivity, and modulating the expression of stress defense genes. CONCLUSIONS: This work increases our understanding of the important roles HD-Zip transcription factors in the responses of plants to the environment, especially abiotic stress.
{"title":"An HD-Zip transcription factor, VvHDZ4, in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) confers enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic tomato","authors":"Guirong Li, Ran Quan, Shanshan Cheng, Xiaojin Hou, Huiling Hu","doi":"10.3233/JBR-200632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-200632","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: HD-Zip genes encode several large and highly conserved protein families of transcription factors that play important roles in plant development and responses to environmental stress. To date, information about the involvement of HD-Zip in grape to drought response is limited. OBJECTIVE: The production of grapes is limited by a range of biotic and abiotic stresses, which cause significant losses in yield every year as well as a reduction in fruit quality. Identification and analysis of stress related genes in grapes are very important for cultivating more robust varieties with environmental stress resistance METHODS: We isolated a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene (HD-Zip), VvHDZ4, from grape, Vitis vinifera L. “Yatomi Rose”, and characterized VvHDZ4 based on analyses of its expression patterns, subcellular localization, transcription activity, and overexpression. RESULTS: We found that VvHDZ4 was highly expressed in roots and leaves, localized to nucleus, and activated the expression of reporter genes in yeast. The overexpression (OE) of VvHDZ4 led to enhanced drought stress tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum L. “Ailsa Craig” (tomato). The drought-tolerant phenotypes of the OE lines exhibited decreases in electrolyte leakage and rate of water loss, higher photosynthetic production and net photosynthesis rate, and showed up-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), all of which are key antioxidant enzymes known to be activated during drought stress. Moreover, we observed the up-regulation of four additional drought stress indicator genes, SIDREB2A, SIAREB, SIRD29 and SIERD10, in the OE lines. VvHDZ4 improved drought tolerance in tomato, and the modes of action possibly consist of reducing membrane damage, increasing photosynthetic productivity, and modulating the expression of stress defense genes. CONCLUSIONS: This work increases our understanding of the important roles HD-Zip transcription factors in the responses of plants to the environment, especially abiotic stress.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-200632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The Berberis microphylla (calafate) is an evergreen shrub considered a non-timber product from the Patagonian forest, relevant for the diversification of agrifood production, particularly interesting since its black–blue fruits are extremely rich in phenolic compounds. OBJECTIVE: The main objectives were to: (1) quantify the variability of fruit traits, anthocyanin content, efficiency of the reproductive shoots and leaf nutrient content within the set of 34 B. microphylla wild accessions from Tierra del Fuego Island, Argentina, (2) calculate the coefficients of correlation between variables and (3) detect relationships between the genotypes. METHODS: Plants growing near Ushuaia city (n = 12), bordering Fagnano lake (n = 12) and central area of the Tierra del Fuego Island (n = 10) were selected. RESULTS: A significant variability in fruit traits, anthocyanin content and the efficiency of reproductive shoots among and within the three populations was assessed, a result with great relevance for breeding purposes. Phenotypic plasticity was related with the environmental conditions, i.e. air temperatures for each population during the three monitored growing seasons. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results indicate that yearly environmental factors play a relevant role in phenotypic variation of both individual plants and populations, thus confirming the complexity of wild species evolution and domestication processes.
背景:小叶小檗(calafate)是一种常绿灌木，被认为是来自巴塔哥尼亚森林的非木材产品，与农业食品生产的多样化有关，特别有趣的是，它的黑蓝色果实富含酚类化合物。目的:主要目的是:(1)量化水果的变化特征,花青素含量、效率中的生殖芽和叶片养分含量组34 b microphylla从火地岛岛野生登记入册,阿根廷、(2)计算变量之间的相关系数和(3)检测基因型之间的关系。方法:选取乌斯怀亚市附近(n = 12)、Fagnano湖周边(n = 12)和火地岛中部(n = 10)种植的植物。结果:三个群体之间和群体内部在果实性状、花青素含量和生殖芽效率方面存在显著差异，这对育种具有重要意义。表型可塑性与环境条件有关，即在监测的三个生长季节中每个种群的气温。结论:总体而言，年度环境因子在植物个体和群体的表型变异中都发挥了相关作用，从而证实了野生物种进化和驯化过程的复杂性。
{"title":"Variability in fruit traits and anthocyanin content among and within populations of underutilized Patagonian species Berberis microphylla G. Forst.","authors":"M. Arena, E. Giordani, G. Bustamante, S. Radice","doi":"10.3233/jbr-200599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jbr-200599","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The Berberis microphylla (calafate) is an evergreen shrub considered a non-timber product from the Patagonian forest, relevant for the diversification of agrifood production, particularly interesting since its black–blue fruits are extremely rich in phenolic compounds. OBJECTIVE: The main objectives were to: (1) quantify the variability of fruit traits, anthocyanin content, efficiency of the reproductive shoots and leaf nutrient content within the set of 34 B. microphylla wild accessions from Tierra del Fuego Island, Argentina, (2) calculate the coefficients of correlation between variables and (3) detect relationships between the genotypes. METHODS: Plants growing near Ushuaia city (n = 12), bordering Fagnano lake (n = 12) and central area of the Tierra del Fuego Island (n = 10) were selected. RESULTS: A significant variability in fruit traits, anthocyanin content and the efficiency of reproductive shoots among and within the three populations was assessed, a result with great relevance for breeding purposes. Phenotypic plasticity was related with the environmental conditions, i.e. air temperatures for each population during the three monitored growing seasons. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results indicate that yearly environmental factors play a relevant role in phenotypic variation of both individual plants and populations, thus confirming the complexity of wild species evolution and domestication processes.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"33-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/jbr-200599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Toyama, Saki Toshima, T. Hirano, M. Yamasaki, H. Kunitake
BACKGROUND: In blueberries, the total polyphenol contents, total anthocyanin contents, and antioxidant activities of fruits in blueberries and their relatives are becoming important targets for breeders. Recently, intersectional hybrids between Japanese wild species Shashanbo and highbush blueberry were produced using polyploid breeding for the first time. However, the polyphenol contents, antioxidant activities, and anti-cancer cell proliferation properties of the fruits of these intersectional hybrids have not been studied sufficiently. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the anthocyanin contents, polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activities at each stage of fruit development in intersectional hybrids, and to examine the effects of the fruit extracts on anti-cancer cell proliferation properties using human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. METHODS: Freeze-dried fruit samples of three intersectional hybrids and their parents at five developmental stages were used to evaluate their polyphenol contents, anthocyanin contents, and levels of two types of antioxidant activities (DPPH and ORAC). The anti-cancer cell proliferation properties of each extract were also evaluated according to the survival rate of HL-60 cells. RESULTS: The total polyphenol contents in fruits of the intersectional hybrids gradually decreased as the fruits grew, but the contents increased slightly at the mature stage. Meanwhile, the total anthocyanin contents increased strongly to the mature stage. In addition, the fruit extract of intersectional hybrid JM1 was found to be more effective for inhibiting the growth of HL-60 human leukemia cells in vitro. Total polyphenol content correlated highly with antioxidant activities and anti-cancer cell proliferation properties. CONCLUSIONS: We clarified that the intersectional hybrids had produced have abundant bioactive compounds, high levels of antioxidant activities, and anti-cancer cell proliferation properties. The results proved the effectiveness of the use of Japanese wild Vaccinium species for the strategic breeding of blueberries with high levels of bioactive compounds.
{"title":"Polyphenol contents, antioxidant activities, and anti-cancer cell proliferation properties at each stage of fruit development in intersectional hybrids between highbush blueberry and shashanbo (Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.)","authors":"Y. Toyama, Saki Toshima, T. Hirano, M. Yamasaki, H. Kunitake","doi":"10.3233/JBR-210713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-210713","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In blueberries, the total polyphenol contents, total anthocyanin contents, and antioxidant activities of fruits in blueberries and their relatives are becoming important targets for breeders. Recently, intersectional hybrids between Japanese wild species Shashanbo and highbush blueberry were produced using polyploid breeding for the first time. However, the polyphenol contents, antioxidant activities, and anti-cancer cell proliferation properties of the fruits of these intersectional hybrids have not been studied sufficiently. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the anthocyanin contents, polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activities at each stage of fruit development in intersectional hybrids, and to examine the effects of the fruit extracts on anti-cancer cell proliferation properties using human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. METHODS: Freeze-dried fruit samples of three intersectional hybrids and their parents at five developmental stages were used to evaluate their polyphenol contents, anthocyanin contents, and levels of two types of antioxidant activities (DPPH and ORAC). The anti-cancer cell proliferation properties of each extract were also evaluated according to the survival rate of HL-60 cells. RESULTS: The total polyphenol contents in fruits of the intersectional hybrids gradually decreased as the fruits grew, but the contents increased slightly at the mature stage. Meanwhile, the total anthocyanin contents increased strongly to the mature stage. In addition, the fruit extract of intersectional hybrid JM1 was found to be more effective for inhibiting the growth of HL-60 human leukemia cells in vitro. Total polyphenol content correlated highly with antioxidant activities and anti-cancer cell proliferation properties. CONCLUSIONS: We clarified that the intersectional hybrids had produced have abundant bioactive compounds, high levels of antioxidant activities, and anti-cancer cell proliferation properties. The results proved the effectiveness of the use of Japanese wild Vaccinium species for the strategic breeding of blueberries with high levels of bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-210713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70018996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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