BACKGROUND: Haskap (Lonicera L.) is as a new perspective berry species for growing in temperate region climate. According to nowadays knowledge haskap is absolutely self-sterile species hence the studies on pollination mode are required. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate new haskap cultivars of Canadian and Russian origin in terms of their matching for cross-pollination. METHODS: The overlapping of flowering time of cultivars for mutual cross pollination was selected. The effectiveness of pollination was assessed: in terms of pollen tube overgrowth through the pistil tissue and the quality of set fruit. RESULTS: The Russian cultivars bloomed much earlier than the Canadian cultivars. The stigma is most receptive in the freshly open flower stage and directly after the anther burst. The minimum qualitatively acceptable weight of a berry is 1 g, which corresponds to the formation of about 6 seeds in the fruit. The most compatible pairs of cultivars were: ‘Aurora’בJugana’, ‘Aurora’בSinij Utes’ and ‘Aurora’בVostorg’. CONCLUSION: The Russian cultivars bloomed much earlier than the Canadian cultivars, the stigma is most receptive in the freshly open flower, minimum qualitatively acceptable weight of berry is 1 g (what represents 6 seeds in fruit), best mutual pollinating cultivars are the cultivars within the same breeding group (Russian x Russian and Canadian x Canadian)
{"title":"Evaluation of morphological traits of flowers and crossing possibility of haskap (Lonicera L) cultivars depending on their origin","authors":"M. Bieniasz, E. Dziedzic, T. Kusibab","doi":"10.3233/jbr-211507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jbr-211507","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Haskap (Lonicera L.) is as a new perspective berry species for growing in temperate region climate. According to nowadays knowledge haskap is absolutely self-sterile species hence the studies on pollination mode are required. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate new haskap cultivars of Canadian and Russian origin in terms of their matching for cross-pollination. METHODS: The overlapping of flowering time of cultivars for mutual cross pollination was selected. The effectiveness of pollination was assessed: in terms of pollen tube overgrowth through the pistil tissue and the quality of set fruit. RESULTS: The Russian cultivars bloomed much earlier than the Canadian cultivars. The stigma is most receptive in the freshly open flower stage and directly after the anther burst. The minimum qualitatively acceptable weight of a berry is 1 g, which corresponds to the formation of about 6 seeds in the fruit. The most compatible pairs of cultivars were: ‘Aurora’בJugana’, ‘Aurora’בSinij Utes’ and ‘Aurora’בVostorg’. CONCLUSION: The Russian cultivars bloomed much earlier than the Canadian cultivars, the stigma is most receptive in the freshly open flower, minimum qualitatively acceptable weight of berry is 1 g (what represents 6 seeds in fruit), best mutual pollinating cultivars are the cultivars within the same breeding group (Russian x Russian and Canadian x Canadian)","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44506164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) family plays important roles in various biological processes in many plants, especially in the regulation of plant flavonoid accumulation. The fruit of Lonicera caerulea contains abundant anthocyanin. OBJECTIVE: The R2R3-MYB TF family was systematically analyzed according to the RNA-seq data, and the R2R3-MYB candidate genes that were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruit of Lonicera caerulea were screened. METHODS: The R2R3-MYB TFs in Lonicera caerulea were identified, and the physical and chemical properties, protein conserved sequence alignment and motifs of each R2R3-MYB TFs were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The expression levels of these genes and anthocyanin levels in different tissues and different developmental stages of fruit were determined by RT-qPCR and pH shift method. RESULTS: A total of 59 genes encoding R2R3-MYB TFs in Lonicera caerulea were identified and clustered into 20 subgroups (C1 to C20) based on the relationship to AtR2R3-MYBs. Expression profiles showed that the expression of CL6086 and CL552 in fruit were higher than other tissues, and upregulated in the veraison fruit compared to the green ripe fruit. As the expression of the two genes was concurrent with the anthocyanin content, and showed high correlation with anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes, they were considered as closely related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruit. CONCLUSION: The results provide a systematic analysis of LcR2R3-MYBs, and the foundation for further molecular mechanisms research of anthocyanin biosynthesis regulated by R2R3-MYB in the fruit of Lonicera caerulea.
{"title":"Identification of R2R3-MYB gene family reveal candidate genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in Lonicera caerulea fruit based on RNA-seq data","authors":"Huixin Gang, Qian Zhang, J. Chen, D. Qin, J. Huo","doi":"10.3233/jbr-210008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jbr-210008","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) family plays important roles in various biological processes in many plants, especially in the regulation of plant flavonoid accumulation. The fruit of Lonicera caerulea contains abundant anthocyanin. OBJECTIVE: The R2R3-MYB TF family was systematically analyzed according to the RNA-seq data, and the R2R3-MYB candidate genes that were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruit of Lonicera caerulea were screened. METHODS: The R2R3-MYB TFs in Lonicera caerulea were identified, and the physical and chemical properties, protein conserved sequence alignment and motifs of each R2R3-MYB TFs were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The expression levels of these genes and anthocyanin levels in different tissues and different developmental stages of fruit were determined by RT-qPCR and pH shift method. RESULTS: A total of 59 genes encoding R2R3-MYB TFs in Lonicera caerulea were identified and clustered into 20 subgroups (C1 to C20) based on the relationship to AtR2R3-MYBs. Expression profiles showed that the expression of CL6086 and CL552 in fruit were higher than other tissues, and upregulated in the veraison fruit compared to the green ripe fruit. As the expression of the two genes was concurrent with the anthocyanin content, and showed high correlation with anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes, they were considered as closely related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruit. CONCLUSION: The results provide a systematic analysis of LcR2R3-MYBs, and the foundation for further molecular mechanisms research of anthocyanin biosynthesis regulated by R2R3-MYB in the fruit of Lonicera caerulea.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48893324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Blueberries contain large amounts of phenolic compounds as well as a higher concentration of anthocyanins than other berries. The peel of these fruits contains most of the anthocyanins and therefore pomace is left with the largest quantity of valuable phenolic compounds. Extraction is the most critical step to obtain such compounds. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to optimize the extraction of polyphenols and antioxidant compounds from blueberry pomace by solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). METHODS: A Pareto chart was used to confirm the factor with the highest impact, response surface for analyzing the effect of extraction conditions on total phenol content (TPC) (through Folin-Ciocalteu), total anthocyanin content (TAC) (through differential pH), antioxidant capacity (AC) (through DPPH assay) and the Box-Behnken matrix to determine the optimal conditions for marc extraction with each method. RESULTS: Ethanol concentration is an impact factor for both methods, as well as irradiation method, radiation power for MAE and temperature for SLE. Regarding SLE and MAE extraction, under optimal conditions, a TCP content of 335.95 and 426.19 (mg GAE/100 g), TAC 272.69 and 389.64 (mg Cyn-3-glu/100 g), and CA 528.96 and 654.11 (mg TE/100 g) was obtained, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of phenolic compound extraction via MAE method is better than that of SLE.
{"title":"Optimization of conventional solid-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols and antioxidant compounds of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) pomace through response surface methodology","authors":"Sebastián Troncoso Mesa, Jennyfer Flórez-Méndez, Jéssica López, Rubén Bustos","doi":"10.3233/jbr-210007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jbr-210007","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Blueberries contain large amounts of phenolic compounds as well as a higher concentration of anthocyanins than other berries. The peel of these fruits contains most of the anthocyanins and therefore pomace is left with the largest quantity of valuable phenolic compounds. Extraction is the most critical step to obtain such compounds. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to optimize the extraction of polyphenols and antioxidant compounds from blueberry pomace by solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). METHODS: A Pareto chart was used to confirm the factor with the highest impact, response surface for analyzing the effect of extraction conditions on total phenol content (TPC) (through Folin-Ciocalteu), total anthocyanin content (TAC) (through differential pH), antioxidant capacity (AC) (through DPPH assay) and the Box-Behnken matrix to determine the optimal conditions for marc extraction with each method. RESULTS: Ethanol concentration is an impact factor for both methods, as well as irradiation method, radiation power for MAE and temperature for SLE. Regarding SLE and MAE extraction, under optimal conditions, a TCP content of 335.95 and 426.19 (mg GAE/100 g), TAC 272.69 and 389.64 (mg Cyn-3-glu/100 g), and CA 528.96 and 654.11 (mg TE/100 g) was obtained, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of phenolic compound extraction via MAE method is better than that of SLE.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49648981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fruits and seeds are naturally rich in antioxidants, which provide protection against UV light and oxygen. Vitamin E is a typical antioxidant, and offers radical scavenging activity to prevent the oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, contribute to homeostasis, and support the biological functions of animals and plants. Tocopherol and tocotrienol are forms of vitamin E widely found in natural products. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of minor homologues, namely tocomonoenol and tocodienol. The characteristic physiological functions of vitamin E homologues are dependent on their structure. Consequently, the nutritional functionality of the minor homologues has attracted much research interest, which relies on highly accurate analytical methods. This review aimed to summarize the literature concerning the diversity of tocomonoenol and tocodienol, as well as reports on the various methods for their analysis and detection in different sample matrices. This paper is expected to contribute to future exploratory research and the functional evaluation of minor homologues.
{"title":"Analysis of minor vitamin E homologues in natural products","authors":"Fumiaki Beppu, N. Gotoh","doi":"10.3233/jbr-210009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jbr-210009","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits and seeds are naturally rich in antioxidants, which provide protection against UV light and oxygen. Vitamin E is a typical antioxidant, and offers radical scavenging activity to prevent the oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, contribute to homeostasis, and support the biological functions of animals and plants. Tocopherol and tocotrienol are forms of vitamin E widely found in natural products. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of minor homologues, namely tocomonoenol and tocodienol. The characteristic physiological functions of vitamin E homologues are dependent on their structure. Consequently, the nutritional functionality of the minor homologues has attracted much research interest, which relies on highly accurate analytical methods. This review aimed to summarize the literature concerning the diversity of tocomonoenol and tocodienol, as well as reports on the various methods for their analysis and detection in different sample matrices. This paper is expected to contribute to future exploratory research and the functional evaluation of minor homologues.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48937386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The strawberry (Fragaria×annanasa Duch.) is one of the most significant cash horticultural crops in the world. Fresh strawberry fruits contain dietary fiber, vitamin C, 30-08-2021-carotene, folic acid and other nutrients required for human health and nutrition, and they have an appetizing aroma and flavour, as well as various phytonutrients that may be potentially beneficial to human health and could be used against chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disorders. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to identify and analyze the 2,640 article and review type papers of strawberry research from horticulture category based on the Web of Science. METHODS: The Web of Science database was searched to extract data. Bibliometric data, including citation count, were analyzed together with the words by bibliometric science mapping and visualization tools. RESULTS: Papers mainly written in English (2,426, 91.894 %), were from 6,807 authors, 77 countries/territories, 1,504 organizations and published in 57 Journals and book series. Top 5 core journals ranked as Hortscience (360, 13.636 %), Scientia Horticulturae (322, 12.197 %), Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (248, 9.394 %), Postharvest Biology and Technology (236, 8.939 %) and Journal of Horticultural Science Biotechnology (134, 5.076 %), that these journals each published more than 134 papers. Top 5 countries and regions were USA, Peoples R China, Japan, South Korea and Brazil. Top 5 organizations were Univ Florida, Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, ARS and Michigan State Univ. Top 5 authors are Hancock James F. (Hancock JF), Shaw DV, Chandler Craig K. (Chandler CK), Whitaker Vance M, Choi Jong Myung, each published more than 28 papers. All keywords of the strawberry research from horticulture Category were separated eight clusters for different research topics. CONCLUSIONS: Visualizations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future. The review could provide a valuable guide for designing future studies. This work is useful for student identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals.
背景：草莓是世界上最重要的经济作物之一。新鲜草莓果实含有膳食纤维、维生素C、30-08-2021-胡萝卜素、叶酸和其他人类健康和营养所需的营养素，具有令人食欲大增的香气和风味，以及各种可能有益于人类健康的植物营养素，可用于治疗包括癌症和心血管疾病在内的慢性疾病。目的：本研究旨在识别和分析基于Web of Science的园艺类草莓研究的2640篇文章和综述类型的论文。方法：检索Web of Science数据库提取数据。文献计量学数据，包括引文计数，通过文献计量科学制图和可视化工具与单词一起进行分析。结果：论文以英文为主（2426篇，91.894%），来自77个国家/地区、1504个组织的6807位作者，发表在57种期刊和丛书中。排名前五的核心期刊是《园艺科学》（360，13.636%）、《科学园艺》（322，12.197%）、《美国园艺科学学会杂志》（248，9.394%）、《收获后生物学与技术》（236，8.939%）和《园艺科学与生物技术杂志》（134，5.076%），这些期刊各自发表了134多篇论文。排名前五的国家和地区分别是美国、中国人民共和国、日本、韩国和巴西。排名前五的组织是佛罗里达大学、加州大学戴维斯分校、美国农业部ARS、ARS和密歇根州立大学。排名前五位的作者是Hancock James F.（Hancock JF）、Shaw DV、Chandler Craig K.（Chandler CK）、Whitaker Vance M和Choi Jong-Myung，他们各自发表了超过28篇论文。将园艺类草莓研究的所有关键词分为八个聚类，用于不同的研究主题。结论：可视化提供了关于科学领域或学科现状的探索性信息，并指示了未来可能的发展。该综述可以为设计未来的研究提供有价值的指导。这项工作对学生确定研究生院和研究人员选择期刊很有用。
{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) research publications from horticulture category based on web of science","authors":"Bao-Zhong Yuan, Jie Sun","doi":"10.3233/jbr-210741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jbr-210741","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The strawberry (Fragaria×annanasa Duch.) is one of the most significant cash horticultural crops in the world. Fresh strawberry fruits contain dietary fiber, vitamin C, 30-08-2021-carotene, folic acid and other nutrients required for human health and nutrition, and they have an appetizing aroma and flavour, as well as various phytonutrients that may be potentially beneficial to human health and could be used against chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disorders. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to identify and analyze the 2,640 article and review type papers of strawberry research from horticulture category based on the Web of Science. METHODS: The Web of Science database was searched to extract data. Bibliometric data, including citation count, were analyzed together with the words by bibliometric science mapping and visualization tools. RESULTS: Papers mainly written in English (2,426, 91.894 %), were from 6,807 authors, 77 countries/territories, 1,504 organizations and published in 57 Journals and book series. Top 5 core journals ranked as Hortscience (360, 13.636 %), Scientia Horticulturae (322, 12.197 %), Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (248, 9.394 %), Postharvest Biology and Technology (236, 8.939 %) and Journal of Horticultural Science Biotechnology (134, 5.076 %), that these journals each published more than 134 papers. Top 5 countries and regions were USA, Peoples R China, Japan, South Korea and Brazil. Top 5 organizations were Univ Florida, Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, ARS and Michigan State Univ. Top 5 authors are Hancock James F. (Hancock JF), Shaw DV, Chandler Craig K. (Chandler CK), Whitaker Vance M, Choi Jong Myung, each published more than 28 papers. All keywords of the strawberry research from horticulture Category were separated eight clusters for different research topics. CONCLUSIONS: Visualizations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future. The review could provide a valuable guide for designing future studies. This work is useful for student identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45077240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Zhang, Yaqiong Wu, Zhenghao Xiong, Weilin Li, Wenlong Wu
BACKGROUND: The softness of blackberry fruits limits their postharvest shelf-life and commercial use, and abscisic acid (ABA) is considered one of the key hormones involved in fruit ripening. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the underlying physiological and molecular actions of ABA on blackberry fruit ripening and softening. METHODS: Various physiological indices of and plant hormone levels in treated and untreated blackberry fruits were determined simultaneously. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by RNA-sequencing, and their expression profiles were detected. The ripening mechanism was elucidated by UHPLC-MS using two groups of fruits at 28 d. RESULTS: After 25 d, the ABA concentration and polygalacturonase (PG) and beta-1,4-endoglucanase (EG) activities in ABA-treated fruits were significantly higher than those in untreated fruits. Large differences in the expression profiles were detected at 28 d. The expression of DEGs related to cell wall softening and ABA synthesis was largely triggered after 25 or 28 d. Sixty-nine differentially accumulated metabolites were ultimately annotated as related to fruit ripening. CONCLUSIONS: ABA stimulates blackberry fruit ripening by promoting cell wall enzyme activities, the expression of various ripening-related genes and metabolite accumulation.
{"title":"ABA accelerates blackberry (Rubus spp.) fruit ripening by positively affecting ripening-related gene expression and metabolite profiles","authors":"C. Zhang, Yaqiong Wu, Zhenghao Xiong, Weilin Li, Wenlong Wu","doi":"10.3233/jbr-210725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jbr-210725","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The softness of blackberry fruits limits their postharvest shelf-life and commercial use, and abscisic acid (ABA) is considered one of the key hormones involved in fruit ripening. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the underlying physiological and molecular actions of ABA on blackberry fruit ripening and softening. METHODS: Various physiological indices of and plant hormone levels in treated and untreated blackberry fruits were determined simultaneously. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by RNA-sequencing, and their expression profiles were detected. The ripening mechanism was elucidated by UHPLC-MS using two groups of fruits at 28 d. RESULTS: After 25 d, the ABA concentration and polygalacturonase (PG) and beta-1,4-endoglucanase (EG) activities in ABA-treated fruits were significantly higher than those in untreated fruits. Large differences in the expression profiles were detected at 28 d. The expression of DEGs related to cell wall softening and ABA synthesis was largely triggered after 25 or 28 d. Sixty-nine differentially accumulated metabolites were ultimately annotated as related to fruit ripening. CONCLUSIONS: ABA stimulates blackberry fruit ripening by promoting cell wall enzyme activities, the expression of various ripening-related genes and metabolite accumulation.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44277083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pema O. Bhutia, Pushpa Kewlani, Aseesh Pandey, S. Rawat, I. Bhatt
BACKGROUND: Genus Fragaria (family - Rosaceae), popular edible berry fruits with delicious flavor and considerable health benefits has many wild relatives in the Himalayan region. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to characterize variability in morphology, physicochemical properties, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity in wild Himalayan Strawberry, Fragaria nubicola along the ripening stages and among the genotypes. METHOD: Morphological and physicochemical properties, thiamine, carotenes, total phenolic content, phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays) were determined in four ripening stages of berry fruits. RESULTS: Morphological attributes (diameter, length, volume, and fresh weight of berries) have shown considerable variations among the genotypes and increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the ripening stages. The physicochemical properties such as juice content, pH and moisture content also increased with the ripening, however, the pomace content decreased with the ripening. Anthocyanin content increased significantly (p < 0.05) with ripening and reached at maximum level after full ripening. A successive decrease in free and bounded total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents was observed with the ripening except in total tannin content. However, a reverse trend of these phenolics was observed in juice along with the ripening. The antioxidant activity measured by three in vitro assays increased with the ripening. Phenolics were extracted higher in the acidified methanolic solvent (extracted free and bounded phenolics) as compared to methanolic solvent (extracted free phenolics). Phenolic compounds quantified by RP-HPLC analysis were extracted higher in acidified methanol as compared to methanol, except chlorogenic acid content. CONCLUSION: The results showed quantitative changes in free and bounded phenolics and morphological and functional traits along with the ripening. Also, this important genetic resource exhibited potential utility in the breeding of strawberry improvement programs and as an alternative resource of rich phytonutrients and antioxidants as a functional food.
{"title":"Physico-chemical properties and nutritional composition of fruits of the wild Himalayan strawberry (Fragaria nubicola Lindle.) in different ripening stages","authors":"Pema O. Bhutia, Pushpa Kewlani, Aseesh Pandey, S. Rawat, I. Bhatt","doi":"10.3233/JBR-210742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-210742","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Genus Fragaria (family - Rosaceae), popular edible berry fruits with delicious flavor and considerable health benefits has many wild relatives in the Himalayan region. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to characterize variability in morphology, physicochemical properties, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity in wild Himalayan Strawberry, Fragaria nubicola along the ripening stages and among the genotypes. METHOD: Morphological and physicochemical properties, thiamine, carotenes, total phenolic content, phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays) were determined in four ripening stages of berry fruits. RESULTS: Morphological attributes (diameter, length, volume, and fresh weight of berries) have shown considerable variations among the genotypes and increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the ripening stages. The physicochemical properties such as juice content, pH and moisture content also increased with the ripening, however, the pomace content decreased with the ripening. Anthocyanin content increased significantly (p < 0.05) with ripening and reached at maximum level after full ripening. A successive decrease in free and bounded total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents was observed with the ripening except in total tannin content. However, a reverse trend of these phenolics was observed in juice along with the ripening. The antioxidant activity measured by three in vitro assays increased with the ripening. Phenolics were extracted higher in the acidified methanolic solvent (extracted free and bounded phenolics) as compared to methanolic solvent (extracted free phenolics). Phenolic compounds quantified by RP-HPLC analysis were extracted higher in acidified methanol as compared to methanol, except chlorogenic acid content. CONCLUSION: The results showed quantitative changes in free and bounded phenolics and morphological and functional traits along with the ripening. Also, this important genetic resource exhibited potential utility in the breeding of strawberry improvement programs and as an alternative resource of rich phytonutrients and antioxidants as a functional food.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-210742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70019534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prashanna Balaji Venkatasubramanian, Els Oosterink, M. Tomassen, M. Suárez-Diez, J. Mes, E. Saccenti, N. Wit
BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) can lead to diarrhea and fulminant colitis. C. difficile infects the host using toxins. Recent studies report prevalence of CDI in the small intestine. Berries are known to contain antioxidants and phenolic compounds that might mitigate bacterial infection. OBJECTIVE: We explored the impact of C. difficile toxins on the small intestine using an in vitro approach and used systems biology techniques together with data integration to identify food compounds that can reduce their cytopathic impact. METHODS: Differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed to C. difficile toxins and the transcriptomic changes were studied. To identify foods with potential beneficial counteracting effects, the transcriptomic profiles were integrated with transcriptomics data from Caco-2 cells exposed to various food compounds and analyzed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Beneficial food candidates, selected by multivariate analysis, such as blackcurrant, strawberry and yellow onion were further examined for their potential to counteract the effect of the toxin-induced disruption of cell integrity and toxin translocation. Our results confirmed effects of food compounds, on the cytopathic effects of toxins in the small intestine. CONCLUSION: Blackcurrant, strawberry and yellow onion can counteract C. difficile toxins induced effects.
{"title":"Transcriptome-based identification of the beneficial role of blackcurrant, strawberry and yellow onion to attenuate the cytopathic effects of Clostridium difficile toxins","authors":"Prashanna Balaji Venkatasubramanian, Els Oosterink, M. Tomassen, M. Suárez-Diez, J. Mes, E. Saccenti, N. Wit","doi":"10.3233/JBR-200646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-200646","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) can lead to diarrhea and fulminant colitis. C. difficile infects the host using toxins. Recent studies report prevalence of CDI in the small intestine. Berries are known to contain antioxidants and phenolic compounds that might mitigate bacterial infection. OBJECTIVE: We explored the impact of C. difficile toxins on the small intestine using an in vitro approach and used systems biology techniques together with data integration to identify food compounds that can reduce their cytopathic impact. METHODS: Differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed to C. difficile toxins and the transcriptomic changes were studied. To identify foods with potential beneficial counteracting effects, the transcriptomic profiles were integrated with transcriptomics data from Caco-2 cells exposed to various food compounds and analyzed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Beneficial food candidates, selected by multivariate analysis, such as blackcurrant, strawberry and yellow onion were further examined for their potential to counteract the effect of the toxin-induced disruption of cell integrity and toxin translocation. Our results confirmed effects of food compounds, on the cytopathic effects of toxins in the small intestine. CONCLUSION: Blackcurrant, strawberry and yellow onion can counteract C. difficile toxins induced effects.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-200646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bernardo, L. Dinis, Nelson Machado, A. Barros, Marta Pitarch-Bielsa, A. Gómez-Cádenas, J. Moutinho-Pereira
BACKGROUND: Kaolin particle-film application is a well-known strategy to avoid fruit damage. However, its putative role in balancing berry ripening under a changing climate remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE: We assessed kaolin treatment effect on several ripening berry components, hormonal balance and oenological parameters of the field-grown Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga–Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties at veraison (EL35) and ripening (EL38) during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). RESULTS: Under the adverse summer conditions (two heatwave events) of 2017, kaolin application increased 211.2 %and 51.4 %the salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in TF berries at EL38, while no significant differences were observed in TN. Conversely, TF, and TN kaolin treated berries showed lower SA and ABA accumulation in 2018, respectively. Tartaric acid content increased about 17.2 %, and 24.2 %in TF and TN treated berries at stage EL35 in the 2017 growing season. Though kaolin treatment had no consistent effect on anthocyanins accumulation, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols and tannins increased in kaolin treated grapevines in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the key role of climate in triggering ripening related processes and fruit quality potential. Nevertheless, kaolin treated grapevines displayed an improved response to oxidative stress signals by increasing secondary metabolites accumulation in warm vintages. Kaolin application promoted different varietal responses, with a possible ripening delaying effect in TF, reinforcing its efficiency in alleviating severe summer stress impacts.
{"title":"Kaolin impacts on hormonal balance, polyphenolic composition and oenological parameters in red grapevine berries during ripening","authors":"S. Bernardo, L. Dinis, Nelson Machado, A. Barros, Marta Pitarch-Bielsa, A. Gómez-Cádenas, J. Moutinho-Pereira","doi":"10.3233/JBR-210737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-210737","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Kaolin particle-film application is a well-known strategy to avoid fruit damage. However, its putative role in balancing berry ripening under a changing climate remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE: We assessed kaolin treatment effect on several ripening berry components, hormonal balance and oenological parameters of the field-grown Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga–Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties at veraison (EL35) and ripening (EL38) during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). RESULTS: Under the adverse summer conditions (two heatwave events) of 2017, kaolin application increased 211.2 %and 51.4 %the salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in TF berries at EL38, while no significant differences were observed in TN. Conversely, TF, and TN kaolin treated berries showed lower SA and ABA accumulation in 2018, respectively. Tartaric acid content increased about 17.2 %, and 24.2 %in TF and TN treated berries at stage EL35 in the 2017 growing season. Though kaolin treatment had no consistent effect on anthocyanins accumulation, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols and tannins increased in kaolin treated grapevines in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the key role of climate in triggering ripening related processes and fruit quality potential. Nevertheless, kaolin treated grapevines displayed an improved response to oxidative stress signals by increasing secondary metabolites accumulation in warm vintages. Kaolin application promoted different varietal responses, with a possible ripening delaying effect in TF, reinforcing its efficiency in alleviating severe summer stress impacts.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-210737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43156352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erika-Alejandra Salinas-Peña, Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez, C. Velázquez-González, C. Medina-Solís, A. Pontigo-Loyola, M. Marquez-Corona, Adriana-Patricia Rodríguez-Hernández, L. Ximenez-Fyvie
BACKGROUND: The Mexican serviceberry, Malacomeles denticulata, have been used as a successful oral therapy by Mexican communities without enough scientific support. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the M. denticulata extracts with selective antibacterial properties over dental biofilm bacteria. METHODS: Fruit, Leaf, and Stem of M. denticulata extracts were evaluated with micro-broth dilution method using ATCC bacteria. OD600 values had compared against each positive control (T-student-test). Anaerobically viability had confirmed by Colony-Forming-Units. Thin-Layer-Chromatography was used to identify the number of compounds and phytochemicals to identify secondary metabolites of the selected extracts. RESULTS: Streptococcus mutans showed Minimum-Bactericidal-Concentrations_(MBC) at 30 mg/mL to Fruit, Leaf, and Stem extracts. Periodontal-pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_NS); Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p<0.05); Parvimonas micra_(MBC = 15 mg/mL_NS); Porphyromonas gingivalis_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_NS); and Prevotella intermedia_(MBC = 3.75 mg/mL_NS) presented higher sensitivity to Leaf-Methanol, than the primary colonizers. Phytochemicals showed positive results to anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, saponins steroids/triterpenoids, steroids/triterpenes, and tannins/phenols. CONCLUSION: We suggest the natural extracts of fruit and leaf of the Mexican serviceberry for the preventive use over the oral cariogenic or periodontal biofilm species, by their selective antibacterial properties against pathogenic species evaluated in-vitro, and due to the presence of antibacterial secondary metabolites identified as flavonoids and saponins of M. denticulata leaf extracts.
{"title":"Antibacterial properties in-vitro of Mexican serviceberry extracts against dental biofilm species","authors":"Erika-Alejandra Salinas-Peña, Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez, C. Velázquez-González, C. Medina-Solís, A. Pontigo-Loyola, M. Marquez-Corona, Adriana-Patricia Rodríguez-Hernández, L. Ximenez-Fyvie","doi":"10.3233/JBR-210718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-210718","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The Mexican serviceberry, Malacomeles denticulata, have been used as a successful oral therapy by Mexican communities without enough scientific support. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the M. denticulata extracts with selective antibacterial properties over dental biofilm bacteria. METHODS: Fruit, Leaf, and Stem of M. denticulata extracts were evaluated with micro-broth dilution method using ATCC bacteria. OD600 values had compared against each positive control (T-student-test). Anaerobically viability had confirmed by Colony-Forming-Units. Thin-Layer-Chromatography was used to identify the number of compounds and phytochemicals to identify secondary metabolites of the selected extracts. RESULTS: Streptococcus mutans showed Minimum-Bactericidal-Concentrations_(MBC) at 30 mg/mL to Fruit, Leaf, and Stem extracts. Periodontal-pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_NS); Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p<0.05); Parvimonas micra_(MBC = 15 mg/mL_NS); Porphyromonas gingivalis_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_NS); and Prevotella intermedia_(MBC = 3.75 mg/mL_NS) presented higher sensitivity to Leaf-Methanol, than the primary colonizers. Phytochemicals showed positive results to anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, saponins steroids/triterpenoids, steroids/triterpenes, and tannins/phenols. CONCLUSION: We suggest the natural extracts of fruit and leaf of the Mexican serviceberry for the preventive use over the oral cariogenic or periodontal biofilm species, by their selective antibacterial properties against pathogenic species evaluated in-vitro, and due to the presence of antibacterial secondary metabolites identified as flavonoids and saponins of M. denticulata leaf extracts.","PeriodicalId":15194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Berry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JBR-210718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45258702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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