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Assessing the Utility of Ultraviolet Irradiation to Reduce Bacterial Biofilms in Fish Hatchery Well Water Supplies 评价紫外线照射对减少鱼类孵化场井水细菌生物膜的效用
Pub Date : 2017-08-31 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000501
Natalie Redman, C. Good, B. Vinci
The accumulation of bacterial biofilms and consequent clogging of screens, pipes, and heat exchanger equipment is problematic for water supply systems contaminated with iron bacteria and other slime forming bacteria. Despite the ubiquitous threat posed by iron bacteria contamination in groundwater sources, limited research has focused on physical treatments to address this issue. We sought to investigate the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on inactivating iron bacteria and slime forming bacteria in a fish hatchery supply water known to have issues with bacterial biofilms. Biological activity reaction tests (BART) were used to analyze the presence or absence of iron related and slime forming bacteria in raw well water at UV dosages of 0 mJ/cm2, 15 mJ/cm2, 30 mJ/cm2, 45 mJ/cm2 and 60 mJ/cm2. Results suggest that UV treatment decreases iron bacteria survival, with the highest percent of non-reactive BARTTM test vials resulting from 45 mJ/cm2 and 60 mJ/cm2 UV exposure; however, data regarding UV inactivation of slime forming bacteria were inconclusive. These initial ‘proof of concept’ findings can be used to design pilot UV water treatment systems for fish hatcheries known to have iron bacteria problems. Pilot treatment system testing can then provide the necessary results to ensure that UV treatment is effective against site-specific iron bacteria populations before full-scale treatment systems are implemented.
细菌生物膜的积累和随之而来的屏风、管道和热交换器设备的堵塞对于被铁细菌和其他黏液形成细菌污染的供水系统是有问题的。尽管地下水中铁细菌污染的威胁无处不在,但有限的研究集中在物理处理上,以解决这个问题。我们试图研究紫外线(UV)照射对已知存在细菌生物膜问题的鱼类孵化场供水中的灭活铁细菌和粘液形成细菌的有效性。生物活性反应试验(BART)用于分析在0 mJ/cm2、15 mJ/cm2、30 mJ/cm2、45 mJ/cm2和60 mJ/cm2的紫外线剂量下,原井水中铁相关细菌和黏液形成细菌的存在或缺失。结果表明,紫外线处理降低了铁细菌的存活率,在45 mJ/cm2和60 mJ/cm2的紫外线照射下,无反应的BARTTM测试瓶的百分比最高;然而,关于紫外线灭活粘液形成细菌的数据尚无定论。这些初步的“概念验证”发现可用于为已知存在铁细菌问题的鱼类孵化场设计中试紫外线水处理系统。然后,中试处理系统测试可以提供必要的结果,以确保在实施全面处理系统之前,紫外线处理对特定地点的铁细菌种群有效。
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引用次数: 0
Potential Role of Anaerobic Bacteria as Fish Pathogens 厌氧细菌作为鱼类病原体的潜在作用
Pub Date : 2017-08-28 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000500
M. Abdelsalam
With the expansion of aquaculture practice worldwide, newly emerged diseases might be discovered among intensively farmed fishes. However, the real role of anaerobic bacterial pathogens in moribund fish is still obscure. This might be due to the difficulties in the isolation of anaerobes because of their fastidious nature. Effort should be gathered to reevaluate the actual role of anaerobes as primary or secondary pathogens in reared fishes.
随着世界范围内水产养殖活动的扩大,可能会在集约化养殖的鱼类中发现新出现的疾病。然而,厌氧菌病原体在死鱼中的真正作用仍然不清楚。这可能是由于厌氧菌难以分离,因为它们挑剔的性质。应该努力重新评估厌氧菌在养殖鱼类中作为初级或次级病原体的实际作用。
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引用次数: 7
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Some Pseudomonas sp.Associated with Burkholderia cepacia Isolated from Various Infected Fishes 从不同感染鱼类分离的与洋葱伯克霍尔德菌相关的假单胞菌的表型和基因型特征
Pub Date : 2017-08-25 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000499
M. El‐Barbary, A. Hal
This study aims to characterize Pseudomonas species that had been isolated from various naturally diseased fresh and marine water fishes, Nile tilapia, catfish, gilt-head bream, and Sea bass using phenotypic method, morphology and biochemistry characters using API 20NE, and genotypic method (16S rRNA gene sequencing) with some of the histopathological characteristics. Six of seven presumptive Pseudomonas sp. were successfully identified by API 20NE method to level species; they were identified as 2 P. fluorescens, one P. putida, one Pseudomonas sp and 3 Burkholderia cepacia while genotypically with 16S rRNA gene sequencing that proved successful for all the four pseudomonas isolates (three as P. fluorescens and one P. putida). The results of phylogenetic analysis placed the isolates in the genus Pseudomonas based on 99% homology. Challenged test revealed that, P. fluorescens and P. putida are to be classified as pathogenic for O. niloticus and they also exhibited clinical signs and mortality rates up to 70% and showed histopathological changes of both liver and kidney which lead to death. The antibiogram study showed that no significant differences between P. fluorescens and P. putida which had intrinsically high sensitivity to nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamycin, gatifloxacin, lomefloxacin and kanamycin. This study concluded that good overall agreement between phenotypic and genotypic identification procedures was found for the isolates with some minor differences in biochemical and physiological characteristics were observed between P. fluorescens strains, while the genotypic differences were significant observed between P. fluorescens and P. putida isolated from various fishes.
本研究旨在通过表型法、形态学和生化特性以及基因型法(16S rRNA基因测序)对从各种自然患病的淡水和海水鱼类、尼罗罗非鱼、鲶鱼、金头鲷和海鲈鱼中分离到的假单胞菌进行鉴定,并分析其部分组织病理学特征。7种假单胞菌中有6种通过API 20NE方法成功鉴定;它们被鉴定为2株荧光假单胞菌、1株恶臭假单胞菌、1株假单胞菌和3株洋葱伯克霍尔德菌,而基因典型的16S rRNA基因测序证明了所有4株假单胞菌(3株荧光假单胞菌和1株恶臭假单胞菌)的成功。系统发育分析结果表明,分离株同源性达99%,属假单胞菌属。激发试验结果显示,荧光假单胞菌和恶臭假单胞菌被列为niloticus的病原,它们也表现出高达70%的临床症状和死亡率,并表现出肝脏和肾脏的组织病理学改变,导致死亡。抗菌谱研究显示,P. fluorescens与P. putida对环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、庆大霉素、加替沙星、洛美沙星、卡那霉素等核酸合成抑制剂具有内在高敏感性,两者间无显著差异。本研究认为,荧光假单胞菌的表型和基因型鉴定方法总体上一致,不同菌株之间的生化和生理特征有轻微差异,而不同鱼类的荧光假单胞菌和恶臭假单胞菌之间的基因型差异较大。
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引用次数: 11
Composition of Nutritional Content of Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea) in Mania Waters, Sabu Raijua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara 东努沙登加拉岛萨布赖华县马尼亚水域海参营养成分组成
Pub Date : 2017-08-25 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000502
M. D. Oedjoe
Sea cucumber having commercial value more than chimoderms group because nutrition composition of sea cucumber is high then demand from world market will sea cucucmber increase every year. The purpose of this research i.e., know nutrition composition as an effort to request to need to animal protein community at Menia Sabu Raijua. Methods used is quantitative with quadrant transect and proximate analyzed. The results show that the average ingredients value nutrition of fresh sea cucumber as: the protein (21% to 44.07%), fat (1.01% to 1.19%), carbohydrate (0.5% to 2.34%), ash (2.01% to 3.07%) and water (76.03% to 79,43%).
由于海参的营养成分较高,海参的商业价值超过了菊苣,因此国际市场对海参的需求量将逐年增加。本研究的目的即了解营养成分,以努力要求对Menia Sabu Raijua动物蛋白质群落的需求。方法采用象限样条法和近似法定量分析。结果表明,鲜海参的平均营养成分价值为:蛋白质(21% ~ 44.07%)、脂肪(1.01% ~ 1.19%)、碳水化合物(0.5% ~ 2.34%)、灰分(2.01% ~ 3.07%)、水分(76.03% ~ 79.43%)。
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引用次数: 7
Characterization of Mono-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Hatcheries inBangladesh 孟加拉国单性尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)孵化场的特征
Pub Date : 2017-08-24 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000498
W. Mekkawy, Barman Bk, Kohinoor Ahm, Benzie Jah
survey was conducted of the mono-sex tilapia hatcheries in Bangladesh to analyze the structure and management of the hatchery sector in Bangladesh. Eighty-five hatcheries were surveyed by a questionnaire designed to obtain information on owner details, staffing, hatchery production capacity, management processes, and performance for the year 2009, and data from farms supplied by each hatchery. Thirteen quantitative variables were used for a principal component analysis (PCA). Four principal components had eigenvalues greater than 1, collectively expressing 77.0% of the total variance with the first two components, (50.8% of total variance) reflecting the volume of fry production and available facilities. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used to include qualitative variables related to hatchery management and educational level of the owners in the analysis. A two-step cluster analysis using the results of PCA and MCA identified two different groups of hatcheries. One cluster was characterized by high capacity of production of fry, infrastructure and manpower. The other cluster had moderate scales of production. In summary, the management of hatcheries was very similar across Bangladesh with the main difference between them being scale of fry production.
对孟加拉国的单性罗非鱼孵化场进行了调查,以分析孟加拉国孵化场部门的结构和管理。通过问卷调查对85个孵化场进行了调查,以获得2009年所有者详细信息、人员配备、孵化场生产能力、管理程序和业绩,以及每个孵化场提供的农场数据。13个定量变量用于主成分分析(PCA)。4个主成分特征值均大于1,占总方差的77.0%,其中前2个主成分占总方差的50.8%,反映了苗种产量和可用设施。采用多元对应分析(MCA),将孵化场管理相关的定性变量和所有者的文化程度纳入分析。利用PCA和MCA的结果进行两步聚类分析,确定了两组不同的孵化场。一个集群的特点是鱼苗生产能力高、基础设施和人力。另一个集群的生产规模中等。总之,孟加拉国各地的孵化场管理非常相似,主要区别在于鱼苗生产规模。
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引用次数: 3
Food Sovereignty for Food Security, Aquaponics System as a Potential Method: A Review 粮食主权与粮食安全:水培系统作为一种潜在的方法:综述
Pub Date : 2017-08-04 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000497
Ntobeko Mchunu, G. Lagerwall, A. Senzanje
Aquaponic system is the innovative production of fish and plants at the same time in one circulating system. Aquaponic system is the quick emerging practice worldwide, particularly in the Republic of South Africa (RSA). There is little information, if any, that relates RSA with aquaponics system. As such, this literature review looked briefly in soilless systems setups that make up an aquaponic system. However, the focus was made on aquaponics system particularly, toward understanding the system operational, sustainability and suitability RSA. The literature also looked at potential method such as aquaponics system model development to kick start and optimise aquaponics system productivity in RSA. Food sovereignty through aquaponics system has a great potential to address food and nutrition insecurity in RSA.
水培系统是一种创新的鱼和植物在一个循环系统中同时生产。水培系统是世界范围内迅速兴起的做法,特别是在南非共和国(RSA)。很少有信息,如果有的话,将RSA与水培系统联系起来。因此,本文献综述简要介绍了组成水共生系统的无土系统设置。然而,重点是对鱼菜共生系统,特别是了解系统的操作,可持续性和适用性RSA。文献还研究了潜在的方法,如水培系统模型开发,以启动和优化RSA水培系统的生产力。通过鱼菜共生系统实现粮食主权,对于解决RSA地区的粮食和营养不安全问题具有巨大的潜力。
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引用次数: 10
Taxonomic Notes on Mystus Species of Northern Kerala 标题喀拉拉邦北部木属植物的分类学注释
Pub Date : 2017-07-27 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000495
M. Plamoottil
Systematic studies conducted on Mystus species of northern Kerala are very rare. It is due the taxonomic ambiguity which had existed in many species of this genus? To solve this dilemma, during this study, all Mystus species were collected from their type localities and taxonomically analysed. Examination of meristic, metric and major morphometric characters helped to prove the identity of all Mystus species of these regions.
对喀拉拉邦北部的木霉菌进行系统的研究是非常罕见的。这是由于在这个属的许多种中存在的分类歧义。为了解决这一难题,本研究收集了所有菌种,并对其进行了分类分析。分生、计量和主要形态计量特征的检验有助于证明这些地区所有稻属植物的同一性。
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引用次数: 2
Management Strategies for Reservoirs Fisheries 水库渔业管理策略
Pub Date : 2017-07-21 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000492
T. T. Paul, R. Palaniswamy, S. Manoharan, U. Unnithan, U. Sarkar
Reservoirs nicknamed as sleeping giants have been identified as the nearest possible alternative source of fish production only recently. But the average fish productivity of reservoirs in India is nearly 30 Kg/ha and this is not sufficient enough to match the ever-doubling rate of population demands. The paper thus discusses the various enhancement strategies adopted for Indian reservoirs. The paper emphasizes enhancing fish production by manipulating biological and physical basis of production along with other strategies for maximizing fishing in the reservoirs. The challenges involved in fish production using various strategies have also been discussed.
被称为沉睡巨人的水库直到最近才被确定为最近的鱼类生产的可能替代来源。但是,印度水库的平均鱼产量接近30公斤/公顷,这不足以满足不断翻倍的人口需求。因此,本文讨论了印度油藏采用的各种增强策略。本文强调通过控制生产的生物和物理基础以及其他策略来最大限度地提高水库的鱼类产量。还讨论了利用各种战略进行鱼类生产所涉及的挑战。
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引用次数: 9
Genitalia Malformations in Stramonita haemastoma (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Atlantic and Mediterranean Coast 大西洋和地中海沿岸的血肿病(腹足目:腹足科)的生殖器畸形
Pub Date : 2017-07-12 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000493
T. E. Ayari, A. Mleiki, N. T. E. Menif
Stramonita haemastoma is a gonochoric marine gastropod. The examination of the genital tract has revealed the occurrence of malformations affecting the penis of males S. haemastoma, as for the females only aphallia was recorded. Investigations of the genital tract malformations were made in snails sampled monthly from Bizerta Channel (Northern Tunisia), over one-year period of sampling (June 2009 to May 2010). S. haemastoma was sampled in 2013 from sixteen sites located in the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast. The development of such type of malformations was associated to the use of antifouling paints. However, this assumption should be supported by further bioassays.
单胞血肿是一种海洋腹足动物。生殖道检查显示男性血肿S.阴茎有畸形,而女性只有阴茎畸形。在一年的采样期间(2009年6月至2010年5月),每月从比塞塔海峡(突尼斯北部)取样的蜗牛进行生殖道畸形调查。2013年在地中海和大西洋沿岸的16个地点取样了S.血肿。这种类型的畸形的发展与使用防污涂料有关。然而,这一假设应该得到进一步生物测定的支持。
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引用次数: 1
Role of Arachidonic Acid and COX Inhibitors in the Regulation of Reproduction in Freshwater Crab Oziothelphusa senex senex 花生四烯酸和COX抑制剂在淡水蟹繁殖调控中的作用
Pub Date : 2017-07-12 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000490
K. Prameswari, M. Hemalatha, B. Kishori, P. Reddy
Induced reproduction of cultured species helps to produce quantity and quality seed an important component for upright yield in crustacean aquaculture. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of arachidonic acid in the regulation of ovarian development in the freshwater crab, Oziothelphusa senex senex. Injection of AA significantly (p<0.001) increased the ovarian index, oocyte diameter and ovarian vitellogenin levels. Injection of COX inhibitors such as indomethacin and aspirin alone, and in combination with AA resulted in significant (p<0.001) reduction in ovarian index, oocyte diameter and ovarian vitellogenin levels in crabs. The results of the present study provide evidence that arachidonic acid and COX inhibitors involved in the regulation of female reproduction in the freshwater crab, Oziothelphusa senex senex.
养殖物种的诱导繁殖有助于生产数量和质量的种子,是甲壳类养殖直立产量的重要组成部分。本研究旨在探讨花生四烯酸在淡水蟹(Oziothelphusa senex senex)卵巢发育中的作用。注射AA显著(p<0.001)提高卵巢指数、卵母细胞直径和卵巢卵黄原蛋白水平。单独注射吲哚美辛、阿司匹林等COX抑制剂及联合注射AA可显著降低螃蟹卵巢指数、卵母细胞直径和卵巢卵黄原蛋白水平(p<0.001)。本研究结果证明花生四烯酸和COX抑制剂参与了淡水蟹雌性生殖的调节。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development
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