Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000536
Roldan T. Echem, Herbert M Barba, Guang-qing Li, Fang Peng, Nikka Joy C Buenaventura
Chanos chanos (milkfish) locally known as Bangus is the main aquaculture product of the Philippines. The status of bangus production in Zamboanga City declined from 2012-2016. Diseases in C. chanos were known to be caused by parasites and have remained an issue to fish farming. Some of the parasites have been discovered to have zoonotic potential in mammalian hosts including man making them of public health importance. In this study, the identification, intensity, prevalence and biometric relations of endoparasites in C. chanos were determined. A total of 120 juvenile bangus were collected in the wetlands of Zamboanga City from July 2016 to August 2016. There were 4 endoparasites identified namely: Ichtyobodo sp., Trichodina sp., Acanthocephalans spp. and Diphyllobothrium latum. The most prevalent was Ichtyobodo sp. (40%) and the least prevalent was D. latum (1.66%). Ichtyobodo sp. has the highest mean intensity (4.39) found in the gills and D. latum has the lowest mean intensity (0.2) found in the intestine. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Analysis revealed a negative correlation between fish length and number of endoparasites (-0.17), fish weight and number of endoparasites (-0.27) and body height and the number of endoparasites (-0.31). However, there were high correlations between fish length and fish weight (0.78), fish length and fish height (0.61) and fish weight and fish height (0.73).
{"title":"Endoparasites in Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775) from the wetlands of Zamboanga City, Western Mindanao, Philippines","authors":"Roldan T. Echem, Herbert M Barba, Guang-qing Li, Fang Peng, Nikka Joy C Buenaventura","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000536","url":null,"abstract":"Chanos chanos (milkfish) locally known as Bangus is the main aquaculture product of the Philippines. The status of bangus production in Zamboanga City declined from 2012-2016. Diseases in C. chanos were known to be caused by parasites and have remained an issue to fish farming. Some of the parasites have been discovered to have zoonotic potential in mammalian hosts including man making them of public health importance. In this study, the identification, intensity, prevalence and biometric relations of endoparasites in C. chanos were determined. A total of 120 juvenile bangus were collected in the wetlands of Zamboanga City from July 2016 to August 2016. There were 4 endoparasites identified namely: Ichtyobodo sp., Trichodina sp., Acanthocephalans spp. and Diphyllobothrium latum. The most prevalent was Ichtyobodo sp. (40%) and the least prevalent was D. latum (1.66%). Ichtyobodo sp. has the highest mean intensity (4.39) found in the gills and D. latum has the lowest mean intensity (0.2) found in the intestine. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Analysis revealed a negative correlation between fish length and number of endoparasites (-0.17), fish weight and number of endoparasites (-0.27) and body height and the number of endoparasites (-0.31). However, there were high correlations between fish length and fish weight (0.78), fish length and fish height (0.61) and fish weight and fish height (0.73).","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73418572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000540
R. Gonçalves, S. Engrola, C. Aragão, S. Mackenzie, Gerlinde Bichl, T. Czabany, D. Schatzmayr
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a Fusarium mycotoxin, is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in aquafeeds. The toxicokinetics of DON are rarely studied in aquatic species. The present study used juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a mean initial body weight of 7.72 ± 1.42 g in order to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behaviour and the metabolization of radiolabelled DON ([3H]-DON). In a first trial, 30 fish were tube-fed with four pellets containing a total of 125 ± 0.019 ng of [3H]-DON. At different sampling time points after feeding (1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h or 24 h), the tissue distribution of the [3H]-DON was assessed by liquid scintillation counting. In a second trial, five fish were tube-fed four pellets containing a total of 663 ng of unlabelled-DON. Twenty-four hours after feeding, metabolites of DON excreted into the water were analysed by LC-MS/MS. [3H]-DON was detected in fish liver one hour after tube-feeding, indicating a rapid absorption of DON. In the first hour, [3H]-DON achieved its maximum in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) (20.56 ± 8.30 ng). However, 6.19 ± 0.83 ng of [3H]-DON was also detected in the water at this sampling time point. The fast excretion of [3H]-DON (above the average gastric emptying time of trout) might be related to its high-water solubility and consequent excretion with the fluid phase of the chyme. The amount of [3H]-DON in the GIT was stable during the first six hours. Such long transit time of DON through the GIT increases the potential for damage and absorption. The period between six and twelve hours seems to be the turning point in terms of DON excretion. Twelve hours after tube-feeding, the trout excreted 50.71 ± 22.17% of the tube-fed DON amount into water, while at the previous sampling time point (six hours) only 11.03 ± 6.09% were detected. These data suggest that an effective method for gastrointestinal DON detoxification in trout requires a period of action lower than six hours. In the present trial, no DON metabolites were detected in water.
{"title":"Fate of [ 3 H]-Deoxynivalenol in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) Juveniles: Tissue Distribution and Excretion","authors":"R. Gonçalves, S. Engrola, C. Aragão, S. Mackenzie, Gerlinde Bichl, T. Czabany, D. Schatzmayr","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000540","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxynivalenol (DON), a Fusarium mycotoxin, is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in aquafeeds. The toxicokinetics of DON are rarely studied in aquatic species. The present study used juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a mean initial body weight of 7.72 ± 1.42 g in order to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behaviour and the metabolization of radiolabelled DON ([3H]-DON). In a first trial, 30 fish were tube-fed with four pellets containing a total of 125 ± 0.019 ng of [3H]-DON. At different sampling time points after feeding (1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h or 24 h), the tissue distribution of the [3H]-DON was assessed by liquid scintillation counting. In a second trial, five fish were tube-fed four pellets containing a total of 663 ng of unlabelled-DON. Twenty-four hours after feeding, metabolites of DON excreted into the water were analysed by LC-MS/MS. [3H]-DON was detected in fish liver one hour after tube-feeding, indicating a rapid absorption of DON. In the first hour, [3H]-DON achieved its maximum in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) (20.56 ± 8.30 ng). However, 6.19 ± 0.83 ng of [3H]-DON was also detected in the water at this sampling time point. The fast excretion of [3H]-DON (above the average gastric emptying time of trout) might be related to its high-water solubility and consequent excretion with the fluid phase of the chyme. The amount of [3H]-DON in the GIT was stable during the first six hours. Such long transit time of DON through the GIT increases the potential for damage and absorption. The period between six and twelve hours seems to be the turning point in terms of DON excretion. Twelve hours after tube-feeding, the trout excreted 50.71 ± 22.17% of the tube-fed DON amount into water, while at the previous sampling time point (six hours) only 11.03 ± 6.09% were detected. These data suggest that an effective method for gastrointestinal DON detoxification in trout requires a period of action lower than six hours. In the present trial, no DON metabolites were detected in water.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73116742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000524
Soumyadip Purkait, T. Abraham, Sutanu Karmakar, B. Dey, A. Roy
The present study assessed the in-vitro inhibition of fish pathogenic bacteria, viz., Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda by aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Centella asiatica by agar-disc diffusion, agar overlay well-diffusion, and broth dilution assays. The agar-disc diffusion assay with 10 μL of sterile crude C. asiatica extracts failed to inhibit A. hydrophila; while the crude chloroform extract inhibited E. tarda (11.25 ± 0.35 mm). In agar overlay well-diffusion assay, the methanol and chloroform extracts of C. asiatica(50 μL) inhibited E. tarda at varying levels exhibiting zones of 7.50 ± 0.70 mm and 30.50 ± 6.40 mm, respectively. With the increasing concentration of crude chloroform C. asiatica extract (0-10%/mL), an increased growth inhibition of E. tarda was noted in broth dilution assay. These results demonstrated that the chloroform extract of C. asiatica has the highest antibacterial activity against E. tarda in-vitro, which can be applied as an alternative to the commercial antibiotic to control E. tarda infection in aquaculture.
{"title":"Inhibition of Fish Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda by Centella asiatica In-vitro","authors":"Soumyadip Purkait, T. Abraham, Sutanu Karmakar, B. Dey, A. Roy","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000524","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed the in-vitro inhibition of fish pathogenic bacteria, viz., Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda by aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Centella asiatica by agar-disc diffusion, agar overlay well-diffusion, and broth dilution assays. The agar-disc diffusion assay with 10 μL of sterile crude C. asiatica extracts failed to inhibit A. hydrophila; while the crude chloroform extract inhibited E. tarda (11.25 ± 0.35 mm). In agar overlay well-diffusion assay, the methanol and chloroform extracts of C. asiatica(50 μL) inhibited E. tarda at varying levels exhibiting zones of 7.50 ± 0.70 mm and 30.50 ± 6.40 mm, respectively. With the increasing concentration of crude chloroform C. asiatica extract (0-10%/mL), an increased growth inhibition of E. tarda was noted in broth dilution assay. These results demonstrated that the chloroform extract of C. asiatica has the highest antibacterial activity against E. tarda in-vitro, which can be applied as an alternative to the commercial antibiotic to control E. tarda infection in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88940760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000548
W. Emeish, Hams M. A. Mohamed, A. Elkamel
Several cases of septicemia in African Sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, have been submitted to our lab by the local fishermen in Qena, Egypt, who reported that such case, have recently increased in the small tributaries of the River Nile. Although there is no official data for the rates of infections and mortalities, our preliminary investigations indicated that main cause of such infections is Aeromonas. Genus Aeromonas causes serious problems in various fish and shellfish species that is characterized by septicemia and resulting in mass mortalities and high economic losses [1,2]. Out of the 24 reported species within the genus [3], only Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas jandaei are considered the main species that infect fish [4,5] causing Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS).
{"title":"Aeromonas Infections in African Sharptooth Catfish","authors":"W. Emeish, Hams M. A. Mohamed, A. Elkamel","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000548","url":null,"abstract":"Several cases of septicemia in African Sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, have been submitted to our lab by the local fishermen in Qena, Egypt, who reported that such case, have recently increased in the small tributaries of the River Nile. Although there is no official data for the rates of infections and mortalities, our preliminary investigations indicated that main cause of such infections is Aeromonas. Genus Aeromonas causes serious problems in various fish and shellfish species that is characterized by septicemia and resulting in mass mortalities and high economic losses [1,2]. Out of the 24 reported species within the genus [3], only Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas jandaei are considered the main species that infect fish [4,5] causing Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS).","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75238168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000552
N. Eirna-liza, H. Hassim, C. C. Min, F. Syukri, M. Karim
This study aims to investigate the efficacy of dietary doses of garlic (Allium sativum) peels and cloves in growth performance, disease resistance and the duration of protection to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juvenile against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. African catfish juvenile was fed twice daily for 4 weeks with commercial catfish diet (Control) and 20 gkg-1 of garlic peels and cloves which incorporated into the fish formulated diet. After 4 weeks of post feeding, 15 fish were randomly selected for challenge test with 108 cell/mL of A. hydrophila and fed control diet. The duration of the protection was observed at 7, 14 and 21 days following infection. The result demonstrated that the duration of protection of garlic toward African catfish against A. hydrophila at 7, 14 and 21 days after stopped feeding with garlic inclusion diet provided protection until 14 days and slightly reduced protection after 21 days. However, the survivals of treatment groups were still higher compared to the control group. The results indicated that garlic cloves showed better performance in enhancing the African catfish disease resistant towards infection by A. hydrophila.
{"title":"The Duration of Protection Conferred by Garlic on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Against Aeromonas hydrophila","authors":"N. Eirna-liza, H. Hassim, C. C. Min, F. Syukri, M. Karim","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000552","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the efficacy of dietary doses of garlic (Allium sativum) peels and cloves in growth performance, disease resistance and the duration of protection to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juvenile against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. African catfish juvenile was fed twice daily for 4 weeks with commercial catfish diet (Control) and 20 gkg-1 of garlic peels and cloves which incorporated into the fish formulated diet. After 4 weeks of post feeding, 15 fish were randomly selected for challenge test with 108 cell/mL of A. hydrophila and fed control diet. The duration of the protection was observed at 7, 14 and 21 days following infection. The result demonstrated that the duration of protection of garlic toward African catfish against A. hydrophila at 7, 14 and 21 days after stopped feeding with garlic inclusion diet provided protection until 14 days and slightly reduced protection after 21 days. However, the survivals of treatment groups were still higher compared to the control group. The results indicated that garlic cloves showed better performance in enhancing the African catfish disease resistant towards infection by A. hydrophila.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81851333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000533
Fonkwa Georges, L. Benoît, Tchuinkam Timoléon, Ishtiyaq Ahmad, Tchoumboué Joseph
In order to contribute to a better understanding of the effect of season on Myxosporean infections so as to elaborate prevention and control strategies, 350 Oreochromis niloticus specimens were sampled from May 2016 to May 2017 from the MAPE dam (Adamawa-Cameroon) and the prevalence of infection was determined after classical examination of fish. A total of 12 species of Myxosporeans belonging to the genus Myxobolus were identified. Irrespective of the parasite species, the prevalence was significantly higher in the dry season (52.94%) than the rainy season (39.59%). Four parasite species occurred mostly during the dry season (Myxobolus brachysporus, M. kainjiae, M. ellipsoides and M. pharyngeus) and eight without seasonality. Male fish were significantly more infected in the dry season (57.78%) than the rainy season (39.53%). On the contrary, season did not significantly influence the prevalence in females. Fish of size 100 mm to 150 mm were significantly more infected in the dry season (68.10%) than the rainy season (44.44%). Parasite species were more prevalent in the organs during the dry season than the rainy season. Whether in the rainy season (47.70%) or in the dry season (29.44%), a significantly higher prevalence of parasites was recorded for the kidneys.
{"title":"Effect of Season on Myxosporean Infections in Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cichlidae) at MAPE Dam in Adamawa, Cameroon","authors":"Fonkwa Georges, L. Benoît, Tchuinkam Timoléon, Ishtiyaq Ahmad, Tchoumboué Joseph","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000533","url":null,"abstract":"In order to contribute to a better understanding of the effect of season on Myxosporean infections so as to elaborate prevention and control strategies, 350 Oreochromis niloticus specimens were sampled from May 2016 to May 2017 from the MAPE dam (Adamawa-Cameroon) and the prevalence of infection was determined after classical examination of fish. A total of 12 species of Myxosporeans belonging to the genus Myxobolus were identified. Irrespective of the parasite species, the prevalence was significantly higher in the dry season (52.94%) than the rainy season (39.59%). Four parasite species occurred mostly during the dry season (Myxobolus brachysporus, M. kainjiae, M. ellipsoides and M. pharyngeus) and eight without seasonality. Male fish were significantly more infected in the dry season (57.78%) than the rainy season (39.53%). On the contrary, season did not significantly influence the prevalence in females. Fish of size 100 mm to 150 mm were significantly more infected in the dry season (68.10%) than the rainy season (44.44%). Parasite species were more prevalent in the organs during the dry season than the rainy season. Whether in the rainy season (47.70%) or in the dry season (29.44%), a significantly higher prevalence of parasites was recorded for the kidneys.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73152174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000527
Y. Mulyadi, K. Sambodho, N. Syahroni, M. Zikra, Winda Amalia Herdianti
Lobster products are important for the economy in fishing community. Climate change will lead a threat to lobster productivity. Therefore, a solution offered is to cultivate certain lobsters, especially those with high economic value by using Aquaculture. This research aims to develop a small-scale aquaculture for the cultivation of lobsters with bamboo as primary material, which is environmentally friendly and inexpensive. The proposed design of lobster aquaculture in this research adapt lobster habitat in its nature. Therefore, it uses the artificial reef as a shelter for lobster. The main structure of the lobster cage uses bamboo and the floater use HDPE (High-density polyethylene) barrels. The result of aquaculture motion analysis using numerical model has been validated by experimental test in Flume Tank. The differences result of heave RAO (Response Amplitude Operator) motion between numerical model and experimental test is 0.05 m. The results of this validation analysis show that it is reasonable agreement.
{"title":"Development of Eco-friendly Aquaculture Design for Lobster Cultivation in Indonesia","authors":"Y. Mulyadi, K. Sambodho, N. Syahroni, M. Zikra, Winda Amalia Herdianti","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000527","url":null,"abstract":"Lobster products are important for the economy in fishing community. Climate change will lead a threat to lobster productivity. Therefore, a solution offered is to cultivate certain lobsters, especially those with high economic value by using Aquaculture. This research aims to develop a small-scale aquaculture for the cultivation of lobsters with bamboo as primary material, which is environmentally friendly and inexpensive. The proposed design of lobster aquaculture in this research adapt lobster habitat in its nature. Therefore, it uses the artificial reef as a shelter for lobster. The main structure of the lobster cage uses bamboo and the floater use HDPE (High-density polyethylene) barrels. The result of aquaculture motion analysis using numerical model has been validated by experimental test in Flume Tank. The differences result of heave RAO (Response Amplitude Operator) motion between numerical model and experimental test is 0.05 m. The results of this validation analysis show that it is reasonable agreement.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90968588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000531
Amal S. Al-Sheraa
The present study was conducted to determine microbial quality have been measured in gills and gut tissues in three imported fishes samples obtained from trawl fishing boats in Al-Faw city, Basrah, Iraq. In this study, tissues samples were collected from 80 fish samples of three fresh marine fish species: silver pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788); Oriental Sole Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and Yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn,. 1782) were collected from trawl fishing boats of Al-Faw city during period from January 2017 to April 2017. Samples of three marine fish’s species were examined for the fecal coliforms. Level of fecal coliforms was higher on tissues samples of Pampus argenteus were total number of fecal coliform identified were in 18 samples (22.50%) and in Brachirus orientalis fecal coliforms bacteria species were found in 11 samples (13.75%), while the lowest level of fecal coliforms was found in tissues samples of Acanthopagrus latus 4 (5%). To find out pathogenic bacteria culturing technique was used followed by staining for identification of bacterial species. In this study determination of coliforms especially Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella sp., three fecal coliforms Bacteria species were found (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Salmonella sp.) in tissues of three fish species samples in this study, E. coli was mostly present specie and it was identified in 16 tissues samples of P. argenteus (20.00%) followed by tissues samples of B. orientalis in 14 samples (17.50%), while were found in 10 tissues samples of A. latus (12.50%).
{"title":"Microbial Quality of three Imported Fresh Locally Produced Marine Fishes in Al-Faw City, Basrah, Iraq","authors":"Amal S. Al-Sheraa","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000531","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine microbial quality have been measured in gills and gut tissues in three imported fishes samples obtained from trawl fishing boats in Al-Faw city, Basrah, Iraq. In this study, tissues samples were collected from 80 fish samples of three fresh marine fish species: silver pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788); Oriental Sole Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and Yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn,. 1782) were collected from trawl fishing boats of Al-Faw city during period from January 2017 to April 2017. Samples of three marine fish’s species were examined for the fecal coliforms. Level of fecal coliforms was higher on tissues samples of Pampus argenteus were total number of fecal coliform identified were in 18 samples (22.50%) and in Brachirus orientalis fecal coliforms bacteria species were found in 11 samples (13.75%), while the lowest level of fecal coliforms was found in tissues samples of Acanthopagrus latus 4 (5%). To find out pathogenic bacteria culturing technique was used followed by staining for identification of bacterial species. In this study determination of coliforms especially Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella sp., three fecal coliforms Bacteria species were found (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Salmonella sp.) in tissues of three fish species samples in this study, E. coli was mostly present specie and it was identified in 16 tissues samples of P. argenteus (20.00%) followed by tissues samples of B. orientalis in 14 samples (17.50%), while were found in 10 tissues samples of A. latus (12.50%).","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80469415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000526
Sebastian S Moshaand, F. T. Mlingi
An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different dosages of catfish pituitary glands extract (CPGE) on eggs and hatchlings quantity of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus at a constant latency period. In this experiment, four dosages (2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of female) were used. Each dosage extracted from a male (300 g to 305 g) was injected to individual female (350 g to 355 g) at three replications and a total of 12 females were injected. The females were striped after 17 hour at 26°C to 28°C, eggs were counted and incubated. After for 24 hours of incubation at 26°C to 28°C, all hatchlings were counted and recorded. The results indicated that there were significant differences (P<0.05) among the dosages on egg and hatchlings quantity. Egg weight, egg number and percentage egg weight were significantly (P<0.05) higher in dosage three (4 mg/kg) compared to other treatments. Total hatchlings and percentage hatchlings produced from striped females were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other dosages. In conclusion, the experiment indicated that higher eggs and hatchlings quantity at a constant latency period are attained with 4 mg/kg of female. Therefore, it is recommended that for better induction of ovulation in African catfish, 4 mg/kg of female pituitary gland extract should be used as suggested by this study.
{"title":"Effects of Different Catfish Pituitary Gland Extract Dosages on Eggs and Hatchlings Quantity of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus at a Constant Latency Period","authors":"Sebastian S Moshaand, F. T. Mlingi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000526","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different dosages of catfish pituitary glands extract (CPGE) on eggs and hatchlings quantity of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus at a constant latency period. In this experiment, four dosages (2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of female) were used. Each dosage extracted from a male (300 g to 305 g) was injected to individual female (350 g to 355 g) at three replications and a total of 12 females were injected. The females were striped after 17 hour at 26°C to 28°C, eggs were counted and incubated. After for 24 hours of incubation at 26°C to 28°C, all hatchlings were counted and recorded. The results indicated that there were significant differences (P<0.05) among the dosages on egg and hatchlings quantity. Egg weight, egg number and percentage egg weight were significantly (P<0.05) higher in dosage three (4 mg/kg) compared to other treatments. Total hatchlings and percentage hatchlings produced from striped females were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other dosages. In conclusion, the experiment indicated that higher eggs and hatchlings quantity at a constant latency period are attained with 4 mg/kg of female. Therefore, it is recommended that for better induction of ovulation in African catfish, 4 mg/kg of female pituitary gland extract should be used as suggested by this study.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73483047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000539
Romi Novriadi, Gabriel Proaño
The aim of the present work was to study the effects of light intensities and culture medium prepared with two different types of feed on the growth rate and crude fat content of Chlorella vulgaris. Two different light wavelengths 796 μmol m-2 s-1 or 90% red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and 129 μmolm-2s-1 (10% red LEDs) in combination with two different nutrient sources: 40/10 (40% crude protein and 10% crude lipid) and 32/6 diet as the nutrient source in the culture medium were employed to explore the effects of the treatments. From the experimental results, 90% red LEDs in combination with 40/10 diet exhibited the highest relative growth rate at the beginning of culture medium (day 1 and 3), while the 10% red LEDs yielded significantly higher growth rate at the end of culture medium (day 6). The light saturation could affect the growth of algae reared under 90% red LEDs, while gradual increase of light intensities in 10% red LEDs promotes better carrying capacity to support the growth of algae during the culture period. However, no significant differences in terms of crude fat content among all treatments. In comparing the growth rate and fat content, the use of 40/10 diet gave the most effective performance for the algae cultivation as the alternative feed source for aquaculture.
{"title":"Effects of Different Light Intensities and Nutrient Source on Growth Rate and Crude Fat Content in Chlorella vulgaris","authors":"Romi Novriadi, Gabriel Proaño","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000539","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present work was to study the effects of light intensities and culture medium prepared with two different types of feed on the growth rate and crude fat content of Chlorella vulgaris. Two different light wavelengths 796 μmol m-2 s-1 or 90% red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and 129 μmolm-2s-1 (10% red LEDs) in combination with two different nutrient sources: 40/10 (40% crude protein and 10% crude lipid) and 32/6 diet as the nutrient source in the culture medium were employed to explore the effects of the treatments. From the experimental results, 90% red LEDs in combination with 40/10 diet exhibited the highest relative growth rate at the beginning of culture medium (day 1 and 3), while the 10% red LEDs yielded significantly higher growth rate at the end of culture medium (day 6). The light saturation could affect the growth of algae reared under 90% red LEDs, while gradual increase of light intensities in 10% red LEDs promotes better carrying capacity to support the growth of algae during the culture period. However, no significant differences in terms of crude fat content among all treatments. In comparing the growth rate and fat content, the use of 40/10 diet gave the most effective performance for the algae cultivation as the alternative feed source for aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82225671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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