Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9546.19.10.576
L. Tanjung
Aquaculture of gourami in Indonesia is still carried out traditionally with a simple touch of technology that makes the mortality rate of larvae is still very high. This study aimed to determine the survival rate and development of giant gourami Padang strain larvae Osphronemus gouramy reared in a traditional way and to gain insight into the cause of mass death during the larval period. The larvae were obtained from six pairs of broodstocks that consisted of three categories, which is the grey broodstocks that spawned the previous month, the grey broodstocks that did not spawn the previous month, and the pink broodstocks that did not spawn the previous month, and were named after the body colour of their respective parents. The study was conducted in duplicate and the larvae were sampled for photography every day and the larvae development was described from Day 1 to Day 10. The eggs began to hatch on Day 2, and all eggs hatched on Day 3 that marked the end of the embryonic stage. Pale melanophores became more intense on Day 6 and the yolk sac was still visible on Day 10. The mass deaths during embryogenesis are thought to be influenced by factors such as broodstock quality, while the ones occurring in the late larval period are more likely related to water quality and stocking density. Ammonia excretion subsequently oxidized into more toxic nitrite was the only possible pollutant to be present in the rearing water. In the Grey II.1 and Grey II.2 basins where the mass death occurred on Day 10, the mean of survival rates declined significantly from 83.45% on Day 9 to 32.15% on Day 10. Thus, this study confirmed that the basins with larvae density of above 30 individuals per litre can support the larvae rearing for eight days and on Day 9 the larvae must be transferred to another tank. The success of larval production depends not only on the welfare and the feed quality of the broodstocks but also on the optimal environment in larval rearing. In addition, the nomenclature for the larval stage of gourami was also discussed and determined.
{"title":"Survival Rate and Early Development of Giant Gourami Padang Strain Osphronemus gouramy (Perciformes: Osphronemidae)","authors":"L. Tanjung","doi":"10.35248/2155-9546.19.10.576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9546.19.10.576","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture of gourami in Indonesia is still carried out traditionally with a simple touch of technology that makes the mortality rate of larvae is still very high. This study aimed to determine the survival rate and development of giant gourami Padang strain larvae Osphronemus gouramy reared in a traditional way and to gain insight into the cause of mass death during the larval period. The larvae were obtained from six pairs of broodstocks that consisted of three categories, which is the grey broodstocks that spawned the previous month, the grey broodstocks that did not spawn the previous month, and the pink broodstocks that did not spawn the previous month, and were named after the body colour of their respective parents. The study was conducted in duplicate and the larvae were sampled for photography every day and the larvae development was described from Day 1 to Day 10. The eggs began to hatch on Day 2, and all eggs hatched on Day 3 that marked the end of the embryonic stage. Pale melanophores became more intense on Day 6 and the yolk sac was still visible on Day 10. The mass deaths during embryogenesis are thought to be influenced by factors such as broodstock quality, while the ones occurring in the late larval period are more likely related to water quality and stocking density. Ammonia excretion subsequently oxidized into more toxic nitrite was the only possible pollutant to be present in the rearing water. In the Grey II.1 and Grey II.2 basins where the mass death occurred on Day 10, the mean of survival rates declined significantly from 83.45% on Day 9 to 32.15% on Day 10. Thus, this study confirmed that the basins with larvae density of above 30 individuals per litre can support the larvae rearing for eight days and on Day 9 the larvae must be transferred to another tank. The success of larval production depends not only on the welfare and the feed quality of the broodstocks but also on the optimal environment in larval rearing. In addition, the nomenclature for the larval stage of gourami was also discussed and determined.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79775866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9546.19.10.577
Ying Sun, Xinglong Zhao, Haiyan Liu, Zhencai Yang
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fiber content on feeding, growth performance, feed utilization and antioxidant ability of Taiwanese loach. The experimental feeds were divided into six groups, with crude fiber contents of 4.70%, 4.92%, 5.15%, 5.44%, 5.79% and 6.06%, respectively. A total of 576 loaches were randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 replicates of twelve fish each, and fed for 60 days. The results showed that crude fiber levels had significant effects on feeding rate (FR), feed conversion rate (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in loaches, while specific growth rate (SGR) showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Crude fiber content had a significant effect on loach digestibility (P 0.05), while amylase activity decreased significantly (P<0.05). With increasing crude fiber content, MDA content in loach liver decreased significantly (P<0.05), while SOD activity did not change significantly. According to the current comprehensive evaluation, the appropriate crude fiber content in Taiwanese loach feed was 5.52% - 5.65%.
{"title":"Effect of Fiber Content in Practical Diet on Feed Utilization and Antioxidant Capacity of Loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus","authors":"Ying Sun, Xinglong Zhao, Haiyan Liu, Zhencai Yang","doi":"10.35248/2155-9546.19.10.577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9546.19.10.577","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fiber content on feeding, growth performance, feed utilization and antioxidant ability of Taiwanese loach. The experimental feeds were divided into six groups, with crude fiber contents of 4.70%, 4.92%, 5.15%, 5.44%, 5.79% and 6.06%, respectively. A total of 576 loaches were randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 replicates of twelve fish each, and fed for 60 days. The results showed that crude fiber levels had significant effects on feeding rate (FR), feed conversion rate (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in loaches, while specific growth rate (SGR) showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Crude fiber content had a significant effect on loach digestibility (P 0.05), while amylase activity decreased significantly (P<0.05). With increasing crude fiber content, MDA content in loach liver decreased significantly (P<0.05), while SOD activity did not change significantly. According to the current comprehensive evaluation, the appropriate crude fiber content in Taiwanese loach feed was 5.52% - 5.65%.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86761300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9546.19.10.575
S. Wright
One of the best days of my life was when I read the email that said I was hired as a sales assistant for a local aquatic specialist franchise branch. I had wanted to work in a petshop since I was a kid but my studies in Zoology and Genetics were sending my down a different career path and I categorised that as a childhood dream. So you can imagine how 5 years old I felt when I read that email at 31. This experience was well worth the time and it made me more aware how the Aquatic Trade Industry (ATI) operates, the customers’ perception of aquatic organisms and set-ups and how those two factors affect fish farming and wild catching.
{"title":"Customer Perceptions towards Aquatic Pets and how that Influences Farming/Catching, Trading and Caring for these Animals in the Aquatic Trade Industry from both Fish Farms and Wild Caught Populations","authors":"S. Wright","doi":"10.35248/2155-9546.19.10.575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9546.19.10.575","url":null,"abstract":"One of the best days of my life was when I read the email that said I was hired as a sales assistant for a local aquatic specialist franchise branch. I had wanted to work in a petshop since I was a kid but my studies in Zoology and Genetics were sending my down a different career path and I categorised that as a childhood dream. So you can imagine how 5 years old I felt when I read that email at 31. This experience was well worth the time and it made me more aware how the Aquatic Trade Industry (ATI) operates, the customers’ perception of aquatic organisms and set-ups and how those two factors affect fish farming and wild catching.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75683136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000564
Zinia Rahman, A. Mamun, I. Ahmad, I. Rashid
Tilapia culture could contribute a lot in boosting the production of fish so current investigation was aimed to improve the growth, feed utilization, survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry and benefit cost ratio by using probiotics during sex reversal and other steps of culture. The investigation was designed in three treatments where the first one fed on diet supplemented with Bacillus sp., and the second fed on diet containing Lactobacillus sp. while the third treatment fed on basal diet which was considered as control. After 100 days of investigation, it was observed that the fish groups fed with probiotics supplemented diets revealed significant improvement in aspect of growth. Highest yield of fingerling 3.4 kg was found in the treatment fed with Bacillus sp. which ultimately influence the gross revenue. Fry survivality was also found higher upto 66% in the treatments fed with probiotics compared to the control where there was no probiotic added in the feed. In all the treatments sex reversal rate was found the same (97%), revealed that the addition of probiotics in fish feed improves growth and survival of the sex reversed fingerling. Therefore, these probiotics might be useful to get higher production of sex reversed fish.
{"title":"Influence of Probiotics on the Growth Performance of Sex Reversed Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus , Linnaeus, 1758) Fry","authors":"Zinia Rahman, A. Mamun, I. Ahmad, I. Rashid","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000564","url":null,"abstract":"Tilapia culture could contribute a lot in boosting the production of fish so current investigation was aimed to improve the growth, feed utilization, survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry and benefit cost ratio by using probiotics during sex reversal and other steps of culture. The investigation was designed in three treatments where the first one fed on diet supplemented with Bacillus sp., and the second fed on diet containing Lactobacillus sp. while the third treatment fed on basal diet which was considered as control. After 100 days of investigation, it was observed that the fish groups fed with probiotics supplemented diets revealed significant improvement in aspect of growth. Highest yield of fingerling 3.4 kg was found in the treatment fed with Bacillus sp. which ultimately influence the gross revenue. Fry survivality was also found higher upto 66% in the treatments fed with probiotics compared to the control where there was no probiotic added in the feed. In all the treatments sex reversal rate was found the same (97%), revealed that the addition of probiotics in fish feed improves growth and survival of the sex reversed fingerling. Therefore, these probiotics might be useful to get higher production of sex reversed fish.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73167690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000557
T. B. Pramono, D. Arfiati, M. Sri, U. Yanuhar
{"title":"Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor Senggaringan Fish (Mystus singaringan) from Klawing River, Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"T. B. Pramono, D. Arfiati, M. Sri, U. Yanuhar","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74631534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546-C3-030
pAdewolu Morenike Adunnip
{"title":"Growth of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed on fixed ration level at different feeding frequencies","authors":"pAdewolu Morenike Adunnip","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546-C3-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546-C3-030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90169110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546-C3-028
pGarima Haritp
{"title":"Pesticides: A threat to fish","authors":"pGarima Haritp","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546-C3-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546-C3-028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82755571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546-C1-023
Goh Chee Keong
{"title":"Development of cost-effective feeds for marine fish feeding and growth","authors":"Goh Chee Keong","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546-C1-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546-C1-023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76756341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-27DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000525
Sandipan Gupta
Ompok pabda commonly known as pabda or butter catfish is a freshwater species which is widely distributed in India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. In India and Bangladesh, this fish species has high preference as a table fish due to its delicious taste and high nutritional value. Its acceptability as an ornamental fish has recently been reported. Due to number of reasons, its population has been declined abruptly and due to reduced abundance in nature it has already been enlisted as an endangered species both in India and Bangladesh. It has been placed under near threatened category as per IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Earlier little research has been conducted on feeding and reproductive biology of this fish species; but so far no such consolidated report is available on these aspects. The present report thus aims to consolidate the earlier documented information with pointing out the knowledge gaps on these aspects along with suggesting some strategies which can be considered for the conservation of this fish species in near future.
{"title":"A Review on Feeding and Reproductive Biology of Ompok pabda with an Emphasis on its Conservation","authors":"Sandipan Gupta","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000525","url":null,"abstract":"Ompok pabda commonly known as pabda or butter catfish is a freshwater species which is widely distributed in India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. In India and Bangladesh, this fish species has high preference as a table fish due to its delicious taste and high nutritional value. Its acceptability as an ornamental fish has recently been reported. Due to number of reasons, its population has been declined abruptly and due to reduced abundance in nature it has already been enlisted as an endangered species both in India and Bangladesh. It has been placed under near threatened category as per IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Earlier little research has been conducted on feeding and reproductive biology of this fish species; but so far no such consolidated report is available on these aspects. The present report thus aims to consolidate the earlier documented information with pointing out the knowledge gaps on these aspects along with suggesting some strategies which can be considered for the conservation of this fish species in near future.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78346500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000522
Supalug Kattakdad, O. Jintasataporn, W. Worawattanamateekul, S. Chumkam
The characteristics of digestive enzyme from red bee shrimp (Caridina Cantonensis), a tiny ornamental shrimp, were investigated under various pH ranging from 2 to 12. The aim of this study was to find out the specific activities of protease, amylase, lipase, cellulose, trypsin and chymotrypsin and in vitro raw materials by shrimp enzyme digestibility. Fifteen and sixty-day old shrimp were obtained from private farms in Bangkok, Thailand. Protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase, trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activity were determined. The results showed that protease activity had its optimal activity at pH ranging from 8 to 10 and showed the highest activity at pH 10 in both age groups. The alkaline amylase activities were found to be significantly higher than acidic amylase in both age groups. Both acidic and alkaline amylase activity of the 15-day old shrimp was significantly lower than the larger shrimp. The Lipase activity in the 60-day old shrimp showed the highest activity at pH 12, pH 10 and 11, respectively. In the 15-day old shrimp, the lipase activity was stable over a broad pH ranging from 2-12. In the 60-day old shrimp, the cellulase activity showed the highest activity at assay condition pH 7 and decreased when pH levels increased. In the 15-day old shrimp, cellulase activity showed optimal pH at pH 8 and 11. The trypsin and chymotrypsin activity at neutral to weak alkaline condition was greater under acidic condition in both age groups. The activity of 15-day old shrimp was significantly lower than the older shrimp. Regarding in vitro digestibility, the study on protein digestion showed that fish meal was suitable to be a protein source for red bee shrimp. The carbohydrate digestibility showed that wheat flour and maltodextrin were more appropriate as a carbohydrate source for red bee shrimp than cassava, rice bran and Na-alginate. Therefore, it can be concluded that red bee shrimp had diet digestibility in neutral to mid alkaline condition. The animal protein materials are appropriate to be red bee shrimp feed ingredients with low fiber and carbohydrate source.
{"title":"pH Characterization of Digestive Enzyme and In vitro Digestibility of Red Bee Shrimp Caridina cantonensis (Decapoda: Atyidae)","authors":"Supalug Kattakdad, O. Jintasataporn, W. Worawattanamateekul, S. Chumkam","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000522","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of digestive enzyme from red bee shrimp (Caridina Cantonensis), a tiny ornamental shrimp, were investigated under various pH ranging from 2 to 12. The aim of this study was to find out the specific activities of protease, amylase, lipase, cellulose, trypsin and chymotrypsin and in vitro raw materials by shrimp enzyme digestibility. Fifteen and sixty-day old shrimp were obtained from private farms in Bangkok, Thailand. Protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase, trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activity were determined. The results showed that protease activity had its optimal activity at pH ranging from 8 to 10 and showed the highest activity at pH 10 in both age groups. The alkaline amylase activities were found to be significantly higher than acidic amylase in both age groups. Both acidic and alkaline amylase activity of the 15-day old shrimp was significantly lower than the larger shrimp. The Lipase activity in the 60-day old shrimp showed the highest activity at pH 12, pH 10 and 11, respectively. In the 15-day old shrimp, the lipase activity was stable over a broad pH ranging from 2-12. In the 60-day old shrimp, the cellulase activity showed the highest activity at assay condition pH 7 and decreased when pH levels increased. In the 15-day old shrimp, cellulase activity showed optimal pH at pH 8 and 11. The trypsin and chymotrypsin activity at neutral to weak alkaline condition was greater under acidic condition in both age groups. The activity of 15-day old shrimp was significantly lower than the older shrimp. Regarding in vitro digestibility, the study on protein digestion showed that fish meal was suitable to be a protein source for red bee shrimp. The carbohydrate digestibility showed that wheat flour and maltodextrin were more appropriate as a carbohydrate source for red bee shrimp than cassava, rice bran and Na-alginate. Therefore, it can be concluded that red bee shrimp had diet digestibility in neutral to mid alkaline condition. The animal protein materials are appropriate to be red bee shrimp feed ingredients with low fiber and carbohydrate source.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85387261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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