Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000539
Romi Novriadi, Gabriel Proaño
The aim of the present work was to study the effects of light intensities and culture medium prepared with two different types of feed on the growth rate and crude fat content of Chlorella vulgaris. Two different light wavelengths 796 μmol m-2 s-1 or 90% red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and 129 μmolm-2s-1 (10% red LEDs) in combination with two different nutrient sources: 40/10 (40% crude protein and 10% crude lipid) and 32/6 diet as the nutrient source in the culture medium were employed to explore the effects of the treatments. From the experimental results, 90% red LEDs in combination with 40/10 diet exhibited the highest relative growth rate at the beginning of culture medium (day 1 and 3), while the 10% red LEDs yielded significantly higher growth rate at the end of culture medium (day 6). The light saturation could affect the growth of algae reared under 90% red LEDs, while gradual increase of light intensities in 10% red LEDs promotes better carrying capacity to support the growth of algae during the culture period. However, no significant differences in terms of crude fat content among all treatments. In comparing the growth rate and fat content, the use of 40/10 diet gave the most effective performance for the algae cultivation as the alternative feed source for aquaculture.
{"title":"Effects of Different Light Intensities and Nutrient Source on Growth Rate and Crude Fat Content in Chlorella vulgaris","authors":"Romi Novriadi, Gabriel Proaño","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000539","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present work was to study the effects of light intensities and culture medium prepared with two different types of feed on the growth rate and crude fat content of Chlorella vulgaris. Two different light wavelengths 796 μmol m-2 s-1 or 90% red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and 129 μmolm-2s-1 (10% red LEDs) in combination with two different nutrient sources: 40/10 (40% crude protein and 10% crude lipid) and 32/6 diet as the nutrient source in the culture medium were employed to explore the effects of the treatments. From the experimental results, 90% red LEDs in combination with 40/10 diet exhibited the highest relative growth rate at the beginning of culture medium (day 1 and 3), while the 10% red LEDs yielded significantly higher growth rate at the end of culture medium (day 6). The light saturation could affect the growth of algae reared under 90% red LEDs, while gradual increase of light intensities in 10% red LEDs promotes better carrying capacity to support the growth of algae during the culture period. However, no significant differences in terms of crude fat content among all treatments. In comparing the growth rate and fat content, the use of 40/10 diet gave the most effective performance for the algae cultivation as the alternative feed source for aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82225671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000523
G. Suantika, M. L. Situmorang, Abdul Khakim, I. Wibowo, P. Aditiawati, S. Suryanarayan, S. Nori, Sawan Kumar, Ferisca Putri
In this study, the effect of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii by-product meal on growth, survival, and disease resistance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against Vibrio harveyi was evaluated in the nursery phase. Shrimp was fed for 30 days with four different diets: control (0 g kg-1), 5 g kg-1, 10 g kg-1 and 15 g kg-1 seaweed supplemented feed. The seaweed supplementation at the higher concentrations (10 and 15 g kg-1) was found to increase the survival of the shrimp, even though not significantly. The highest total biomass obtained in the shrimp group fed with 15 g kg-1 seaweed diet (P>0.05). Following feeding test, bacterial challenge test using pathogenic V. harveyi was done on the shrimp group previously fed with 15 g kg-1 seaweed diet. The findings showed that seaweed-supplementation significantly increased up to 10% higher shrimp survival after Vibrio challenge. Based on the results of histopathological analysis, hepatopancreas from seaweed-supplemented shrimp showed decreasing tubular epithelial cell lesion by Vibrio infection, suggesting that compounds contained in K. alvarezii by-product meal could have protected shrimp hepatopancreas from distructive effect of Vibrio infection. In general, red seaweed K. alvarezii enrichment on shrimp diet provides protection against V. harveyi infectionduring the shrimp nursery phase.
本研究在苗圃阶段，研究了红藻副产物Kappaphycus alvarezii粗粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活及对哈维弧菌抗性的影响。试验对虾饲喂4种不同饲粮:对照(0 g kg-1)、5 g kg-1、10 g kg-1和15 g kg-1海藻补充饲料，饲喂30 d。添加较高浓度的海藻(10和15 g kg-1)可提高对虾的存活率，但并不显著。总生物量以15 g kg-1海藻饲料组最高(P>0.05)。饲喂试验结束后，对饲喂15 g kg-1海藻饲料的对虾组进行致病性哈维氏弧菌攻毒试验。结果表明，在弧菌攻击后，添加海藻可显著提高虾的存活率，最高可提高10%。组织病理学分析结果显示，添加海藻的对虾肝胰脏受弧菌感染后小管上皮细胞损伤明显减少，提示alvarezii副产物meal中所含化合物可能具有保护虾肝胰脏免受弧菌感染的破坏作用。一般来说，在虾的育苗阶段，在虾的饲料中富集红海藻对哈维氏弧菌的感染有保护作用。
{"title":"Effect of Red Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii on Growth, Survival, and Disease Resistance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Against Vibrio harveyi in the Nursery Phase","authors":"G. Suantika, M. L. Situmorang, Abdul Khakim, I. Wibowo, P. Aditiawati, S. Suryanarayan, S. Nori, Sawan Kumar, Ferisca Putri","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000523","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii by-product meal on growth, survival, and disease resistance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against Vibrio harveyi was evaluated in the nursery phase. Shrimp was fed for 30 days with four different diets: control (0 g kg-1), 5 g kg-1, 10 g kg-1 and 15 g kg-1 seaweed supplemented feed. The seaweed supplementation at the higher concentrations (10 and 15 g kg-1) was found to increase the survival of the shrimp, even though not significantly. The highest total biomass obtained in the shrimp group fed with 15 g kg-1 seaweed diet (P>0.05). Following feeding test, bacterial challenge test using pathogenic V. harveyi was done on the shrimp group previously fed with 15 g kg-1 seaweed diet. The findings showed that seaweed-supplementation significantly increased up to 10% higher shrimp survival after Vibrio challenge. Based on the results of histopathological analysis, hepatopancreas from seaweed-supplemented shrimp showed decreasing tubular epithelial cell lesion by Vibrio infection, suggesting that compounds contained in K. alvarezii by-product meal could have protected shrimp hepatopancreas from distructive effect of Vibrio infection. In general, red seaweed K. alvarezii enrichment on shrimp diet provides protection against V. harveyi infectionduring the shrimp nursery phase.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80820499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000556
Li Mc, Hernandez-Moreno H, Carmona-Osalde C, Rodriguez-Serna M
The crayfish Cambarellus montezumae (Saussure, 1857), is one of the endemic freshwater decapod crustacean species with the largest area of distribution in Mexico (Villalobos, 1955). This species is registered in the closed basins of the Neovolcanic Axis from Puebla to Jalisco, that is, along the Lerma-Santiago-Chapala system. For the present study, crayfishes of the species Cambarellus montezumae were collected in the Xochimilco Canals. We distributed 120 mature females and 48 F1 males (reproductive form) in 9 plastic tubs of 0.54 × 0.34 × 0.14 m with individualized PVC shelters, constant aeration and a temperature of 18°C. Three handling densities were tested: D1 ( 8 org/m2), D3 (16 org/m2), D6 (28 org/m2), which will represent 4, 12, 24, females/m2, and a sex ratio (Male : Female) of 1: 1, 1: 3 and 1: 6. It was appreciated that there was no fluctuation of temperature throughout the experiment. The statistical analysis in females did not indicate significant differences in the parameters of initial weight, final weight, final length. The differences were found in the parameters of weight gained in percentage, Specific Growth Rate, Food Conversion Rate, initial length, percentage of spawning and the number of eggs per female.
{"title":"Study of the Reproduction of Cambarellus montezumae (Saussure, 1857) Under Different Sex Relations","authors":"Li Mc, Hernandez-Moreno H, Carmona-Osalde C, Rodriguez-Serna M","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000556","url":null,"abstract":"The crayfish Cambarellus montezumae (Saussure, 1857), is one of the endemic freshwater decapod crustacean species with the largest area of distribution in Mexico (Villalobos, 1955). This species is registered in the closed basins of the Neovolcanic Axis from Puebla to Jalisco, that is, along the Lerma-Santiago-Chapala system. For the present study, crayfishes of the species Cambarellus montezumae were collected in the Xochimilco Canals. We distributed 120 mature females and 48 F1 males (reproductive form) in 9 plastic tubs of 0.54 × 0.34 × 0.14 m with individualized PVC shelters, constant aeration and a temperature of 18°C. Three handling densities were tested: D1 ( 8 org/m2), D3 (16 org/m2), D6 (28 org/m2), which will represent 4, 12, 24, females/m2, and a sex ratio (Male : Female) of 1: 1, 1: 3 and 1: 6. It was appreciated that there was no fluctuation of temperature throughout the experiment. The statistical analysis in females did not indicate significant differences in the parameters of initial weight, final weight, final length. The differences were found in the parameters of weight gained in percentage, Specific Growth Rate, Food Conversion Rate, initial length, percentage of spawning and the number of eggs per female.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":"81 2 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88010708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000526
Sebastian S Moshaand, F. T. Mlingi
An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different dosages of catfish pituitary glands extract (CPGE) on eggs and hatchlings quantity of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus at a constant latency period. In this experiment, four dosages (2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of female) were used. Each dosage extracted from a male (300 g to 305 g) was injected to individual female (350 g to 355 g) at three replications and a total of 12 females were injected. The females were striped after 17 hour at 26°C to 28°C, eggs were counted and incubated. After for 24 hours of incubation at 26°C to 28°C, all hatchlings were counted and recorded. The results indicated that there were significant differences (P<0.05) among the dosages on egg and hatchlings quantity. Egg weight, egg number and percentage egg weight were significantly (P<0.05) higher in dosage three (4 mg/kg) compared to other treatments. Total hatchlings and percentage hatchlings produced from striped females were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other dosages. In conclusion, the experiment indicated that higher eggs and hatchlings quantity at a constant latency period are attained with 4 mg/kg of female. Therefore, it is recommended that for better induction of ovulation in African catfish, 4 mg/kg of female pituitary gland extract should be used as suggested by this study.
{"title":"Effects of Different Catfish Pituitary Gland Extract Dosages on Eggs and Hatchlings Quantity of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus at a Constant Latency Period","authors":"Sebastian S Moshaand, F. T. Mlingi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000526","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different dosages of catfish pituitary glands extract (CPGE) on eggs and hatchlings quantity of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus at a constant latency period. In this experiment, four dosages (2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of female) were used. Each dosage extracted from a male (300 g to 305 g) was injected to individual female (350 g to 355 g) at three replications and a total of 12 females were injected. The females were striped after 17 hour at 26°C to 28°C, eggs were counted and incubated. After for 24 hours of incubation at 26°C to 28°C, all hatchlings were counted and recorded. The results indicated that there were significant differences (P<0.05) among the dosages on egg and hatchlings quantity. Egg weight, egg number and percentage egg weight were significantly (P<0.05) higher in dosage three (4 mg/kg) compared to other treatments. Total hatchlings and percentage hatchlings produced from striped females were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other dosages. In conclusion, the experiment indicated that higher eggs and hatchlings quantity at a constant latency period are attained with 4 mg/kg of female. Therefore, it is recommended that for better induction of ovulation in African catfish, 4 mg/kg of female pituitary gland extract should be used as suggested by this study.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73483047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000530
G. Suantika, M. L. Situmorang, Adani Nurfathurahmi, I. Taufik, P. Aditiawati, Nasukha Yusuf, R. Aulia
The use of close aquaculture system including Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS) has been implemented to allow a more stable water quality, good hygiene and efficient use of water resources in wide shrimp aquaculture production. This study aims to optimize shrimp stocking density and to evaluate microbial community profile in super-intensive culture of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using RAS technology at low salinity. Before stocking, post larvae shrimp was gradually acclimatized from salinity level of 32 ppt to 5 ppt within 14 days. Different stocking density of 500 PL/m3, 750 PL/m3 and 1,000 PL/m3 were tested in four replicates. During 84 days grow out period, no differences in water quality parameters were observed. At the end of grow out period, significant differences were found in final body weight (14.87 ± 0.24 g, 13.09 ± 0.78 g, 11.32 ± 0.71 g), survival (70 ± 1.42%, 53.67 ± 4.16%, 44 ± 1.35%), specific growth rate (7.12%BW/day, 6.95% BW/day, 6.79% BW/day), and feed conversion ratio (1.32 ± 0.09, 1.45 ± 0.16, 2.05 ± 0.24) for the 500 PL/m3, 750 PL/m3, and 1,000 PL/m3 treatment group, respectively. However, similar total productivity of 5.20 kg/m3, 5.24 kg/m3, and 4.99 kg/m3 was observed for 500 PL/m3, 750 PL/m3, and 1,000 PL/m3 treatment group, respectively. The implementation of RAS can allow a stable community structure of culturable bacteria even at high shrimp density of up to 1,000 PL/m3, with the observed bacterial abundance of 1.28 × 103 to 5.28 × 104 CFU/mL and 9.49 × 104 to 2.27 × 106 CFU/mL in shrimp and culture water, respectively. It is suggested that the application of RAS at the optimal shrimp density of 500 PL/m3 allowed a high shrimp culture productivity of up to 5.20 kg/m3 within 84 days grow out period.
{"title":"Application of Indoor Recirculation Aquaculture System for White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Growout Super-Intensive Culture at Low Salinity Condition","authors":"G. Suantika, M. L. Situmorang, Adani Nurfathurahmi, I. Taufik, P. Aditiawati, Nasukha Yusuf, R. Aulia","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000530","url":null,"abstract":"The use of close aquaculture system including Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS) has been implemented to allow a more stable water quality, good hygiene and efficient use of water resources in wide shrimp aquaculture production. This study aims to optimize shrimp stocking density and to evaluate microbial community profile in super-intensive culture of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using RAS technology at low salinity. Before stocking, post larvae shrimp was gradually acclimatized from salinity level of 32 ppt to 5 ppt within 14 days. Different stocking density of 500 PL/m3, 750 PL/m3 and 1,000 PL/m3 were tested in four replicates. During 84 days grow out period, no differences in water quality parameters were observed. At the end of grow out period, significant differences were found in final body weight (14.87 ± 0.24 g, 13.09 ± 0.78 g, 11.32 ± 0.71 g), survival (70 ± 1.42%, 53.67 ± 4.16%, 44 ± 1.35%), specific growth rate (7.12%BW/day, 6.95% BW/day, 6.79% BW/day), and feed conversion ratio (1.32 ± 0.09, 1.45 ± 0.16, 2.05 ± 0.24) for the 500 PL/m3, 750 PL/m3, and 1,000 PL/m3 treatment group, respectively. However, similar total productivity of 5.20 kg/m3, 5.24 kg/m3, and 4.99 kg/m3 was observed for 500 PL/m3, 750 PL/m3, and 1,000 PL/m3 treatment group, respectively. The implementation of RAS can allow a stable community structure of culturable bacteria even at high shrimp density of up to 1,000 PL/m3, with the observed bacterial abundance of 1.28 × 103 to 5.28 × 104 CFU/mL and 9.49 × 104 to 2.27 × 106 CFU/mL in shrimp and culture water, respectively. It is suggested that the application of RAS at the optimal shrimp density of 500 PL/m3 allowed a high shrimp culture productivity of up to 5.20 kg/m3 within 84 days grow out period.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74865494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000545
E. Amenyogbe, Gang Chen, Zhongliang Wang, Mingde Lin, Xiaoying Lu, D. Atujona, E. D. Abarike
The growth of the global aquaculture industry has been sporadic over the last 50 years, and the global production capabilities of culture and capture fisheries are almost comparable [1]. In Africa, fish culture has grown tremendously due to advances in feed formulation, and the use of better culture facilities such as cages [2]. Even as Asia has become elephantine in aquaculture, Africa as a continent is yet to report any important additions of aquaculture on the world ordered series even though there are many available natural resources in many regions of the continent [3]. Aquaculture continues to grow more rapidly than all other animal producing sectors. According to FAO [4], developing countries‟ contribution by weight increased from 73% in 1979 to 90% in 1998. However, this dramatic increase in production is skewed on a regional basis in favour of Asia. For example, in 1998, aquaculture productions by weight according to the region were as follows: Europe, about 5%; South America, less than 2%; Africa and Oceania, about 0.5% each [5,6]. Moreover, according to FAO (2000), the numbers of fish farmers in the world increased from 7.07 million in 1998 to 7.47million in 2000. The corresponding numbers for 1998 (2000) by region were: Asia, 6.67 (7.13) million; North and Central America, 191,000 (190,000); Africa 56,000 (75,000); South America, 41,000 (41,000) and Oceania 5,000 (5,000). Taken the above into consideration, Africa continues to be a minor player in the global aquaculture industry even though the continent has a natural potential for aquaculture production. Tilapia production which is aboriginal to the African continent has not seen any important growth or development. Nevertheless, according to FAO Africa still has a great potential. For instance, the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus mondon) which is cultured in Madagascar, Eucheuma seaweed in Tanzania and as well as abalone (Haliotis spp) in South Africa [7].
{"title":"A Review of Ghanas Aquaculture Industry","authors":"E. Amenyogbe, Gang Chen, Zhongliang Wang, Mingde Lin, Xiaoying Lu, D. Atujona, E. D. Abarike","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000545","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of the global aquaculture industry has been sporadic over the last 50 years, and the global production capabilities of culture and capture fisheries are almost comparable [1]. In Africa, fish culture has grown tremendously due to advances in feed formulation, and the use of better culture facilities such as cages [2]. Even as Asia has become elephantine in aquaculture, Africa as a continent is yet to report any important additions of aquaculture on the world ordered series even though there are many available natural resources in many regions of the continent [3]. Aquaculture continues to grow more rapidly than all other animal producing sectors. According to FAO [4], developing countries‟ contribution by weight increased from 73% in 1979 to 90% in 1998. However, this dramatic increase in production is skewed on a regional basis in favour of Asia. For example, in 1998, aquaculture productions by weight according to the region were as follows: Europe, about 5%; South America, less than 2%; Africa and Oceania, about 0.5% each [5,6]. Moreover, according to FAO (2000), the numbers of fish farmers in the world increased from 7.07 million in 1998 to 7.47million in 2000. The corresponding numbers for 1998 (2000) by region were: Asia, 6.67 (7.13) million; North and Central America, 191,000 (190,000); Africa 56,000 (75,000); South America, 41,000 (41,000) and Oceania 5,000 (5,000). Taken the above into consideration, Africa continues to be a minor player in the global aquaculture industry even though the continent has a natural potential for aquaculture production. Tilapia production which is aboriginal to the African continent has not seen any important growth or development. Nevertheless, according to FAO Africa still has a great potential. For instance, the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus mondon) which is cultured in Madagascar, Eucheuma seaweed in Tanzania and as well as abalone (Haliotis spp) in South Africa [7].","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82875019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000535
F. Phiri, Xinhua Yuan
This study was conducted to analyse the economic profitability of tilapia farming in Malawi and China, using data from 20 farmers both in Malawi and Guangxi Province, People’s Republic of China. Application of enterprise budget for profitability analysis showed that profits for tilapia were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) between the two countries with Malawi registering a bigger benefit-cost ratio of 1.61 than 1.20 for China. However, 3 farms in Malawi posted losses during the production cycle. Breakeven price was $2.00 for Malawi against $1.26 for China. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of changes in price, feed, labour and fixed cost on net profit. Holding all conditions constant, sensitive coefficient for price was relatively high for Malawian farms at 2.63 followed by feed, labour and fixed cost at -0.70, -0.36 and -0.32 respectively. Similarly for China, price showed the highest elasticity of 5.96 compared to -3.65, -0.67, -0.27 of feed, fixed cost and labour respectively. For the farms that did not make profits, application of the shutdown rule indicated that the farms were making surplus gross margins hence could continue operating (Price ≥ Average Variable Cost; and Revenue ≥ Total Variable Cost). The present study has demonstrated that differences in input intensification result in different gross revenues since yield is a function of stocking density, feed input, labour and other production inputs. Irrespective of the intensity of input use, farmers still make profits, thus tilapia production is a viable enterprise in both countries.
{"title":"Economic Profitability of Tilapia Production in Malawi and China","authors":"F. Phiri, Xinhua Yuan","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000535","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to analyse the economic profitability of tilapia farming in Malawi and China, using data from 20 farmers both in Malawi and Guangxi Province, People’s Republic of China. Application of enterprise budget for profitability analysis showed that profits for tilapia were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) between the two countries with Malawi registering a bigger benefit-cost ratio of 1.61 than 1.20 for China. However, 3 farms in Malawi posted losses during the production cycle. Breakeven price was $2.00 for Malawi against $1.26 for China. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of changes in price, feed, labour and fixed cost on net profit. Holding all conditions constant, sensitive coefficient for price was relatively high for Malawian farms at 2.63 followed by feed, labour and fixed cost at -0.70, -0.36 and -0.32 respectively. Similarly for China, price showed the highest elasticity of 5.96 compared to -3.65, -0.67, -0.27 of feed, fixed cost and labour respectively. For the farms that did not make profits, application of the shutdown rule indicated that the farms were making surplus gross margins hence could continue operating (Price ≥ Average Variable Cost; and Revenue ≥ Total Variable Cost). The present study has demonstrated that differences in input intensification result in different gross revenues since yield is a function of stocking density, feed input, labour and other production inputs. Irrespective of the intensity of input use, farmers still make profits, thus tilapia production is a viable enterprise in both countries.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82367311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) is a type of marine fish that mainly inhabits in the coastal waters of continental East Asia [9]. Large yellow croaker has three main putative geographic stocks initially identified in coastal waters of China, i.e. the Daiquyang, MinYuedong and Naozhou stocks. The suitable rearing temperature of large yellow croaker is between 20~28°C [10]. If the water temperature is lower than 13°C or higher than 30°C, the feed intake will be significantly reduced [10].
{"title":"Quality Differences of Large Yellow Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) Cultured in Deep-Water Sea Cages of Two China Regions","authors":"Q. Guo, Thanhhoa Truonghuynh, Chaojun Jiang, Luming Wang, Baoguo Li, Xiao-Li Xing","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000547","url":null,"abstract":"Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) is a type of marine fish that mainly inhabits in the coastal waters of continental East Asia [9]. Large yellow croaker has three main putative geographic stocks initially identified in coastal waters of China, i.e. the Daiquyang, MinYuedong and Naozhou stocks. The suitable rearing temperature of large yellow croaker is between 20~28°C [10]. If the water temperature is lower than 13°C or higher than 30°C, the feed intake will be significantly reduced [10].","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81544023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000555
Junianto Anto, Iskandar, A. Rizal
The purpose of this study is to determine the levels and concentration of stabilizers and determine the appropriate levels of sucrose and milk to the level of organoleptic preference for collagen drink products extracted from Nilem fish skin. The study take place in two stages, stage 1 used an experimental method with nine (9) treatments namely xanthan 0.20% (b/v), xanthan 0.25% (b/v), xanthan 0.30% (b/v), CMC 0,20% (b/v), CMC 0.25% (b/v), CMC 0.30% (b/v), xanthan-CMC (1: 1) 0.20% (b/v), xanthan -CMC (1: 1) 0.25% (b/v), and xanthan-CMC (1: 1) 0.20% (b/v). Stage 2 used trial method with six (6) treatments namely 5% sucrose with 0.25% (b/v) skim milk, 5% sucrose with 0.50% skim milk (b/v), 10% sucrose with skim milk 0.25% (b/v), 10% sucrose with skim milk 0.50% (b/v), 15% sucrose with 0.25% (b/v) skim milk and 5% sucrose with skim milk 0.50% (b/v). The stabilizers and concentrations used are the results of the best treatment stage 1. All experiments are repeated 3 times. The parameters observed in stage 1 are the stability, viscosity and pH of collagen drinks. The parameters observed in stage 2 are the level of preference for flavor and smell of collagen drinks. Furthermore, the most preferred collagen drinks are observed for their taste and pH. All data is analysed descriptively based on research results showed that the best stabilizer in collagen drinks was xanthan with a concentration of 0.30% (b/v). The viscosity value is 290 mps and pH is 4.42. The most preferred collagen drinks by considering the taste and smell were obtained from sucrose treatment 10% (b/v) vs. skim 0.25% (b/v). Viscosity and pH are 297 mPa-s and pH 5.15.
{"title":"Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Levels of Preference for Drinking Collagen Drinks the Result of Extracts from Nilem Fish Skins","authors":"Junianto Anto, Iskandar, A. Rizal","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000555","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine the levels and concentration of stabilizers and determine the appropriate levels of sucrose and milk to the level of organoleptic preference for collagen drink products extracted from Nilem fish skin. The study take place in two stages, stage 1 used an experimental method with nine (9) treatments namely xanthan 0.20% (b/v), xanthan 0.25% (b/v), xanthan 0.30% (b/v), CMC 0,20% (b/v), CMC 0.25% (b/v), CMC 0.30% (b/v), xanthan-CMC (1: 1) 0.20% (b/v), xanthan -CMC (1: 1) 0.25% (b/v), and xanthan-CMC (1: 1) 0.20% (b/v). Stage 2 used trial method with six (6) treatments namely 5% sucrose with 0.25% (b/v) skim milk, 5% sucrose with 0.50% skim milk (b/v), 10% sucrose with skim milk 0.25% (b/v), 10% sucrose with skim milk 0.50% (b/v), 15% sucrose with 0.25% (b/v) skim milk and 5% sucrose with skim milk 0.50% (b/v). The stabilizers and concentrations used are the results of the best treatment stage 1. All experiments are repeated 3 times. The parameters observed in stage 1 are the stability, viscosity and pH of collagen drinks. The parameters observed in stage 2 are the level of preference for flavor and smell of collagen drinks. Furthermore, the most preferred collagen drinks are observed for their taste and pH. All data is analysed descriptively based on research results showed that the best stabilizer in collagen drinks was xanthan with a concentration of 0.30% (b/v). The viscosity value is 290 mps and pH is 4.42. The most preferred collagen drinks by considering the taste and smell were obtained from sucrose treatment 10% (b/v) vs. skim 0.25% (b/v). Viscosity and pH are 297 mPa-s and pH 5.15.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76065211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000544
Sebastian S. Mosha
The increase in costs and demand of protein from conventional resource necessitates fish farmers and hatcheries manager to incorporate cheap and locally available ingredients in fish diets. Among protein plant sources, Azolla seems to be good replacer of protein from expensive sources such as fish meal and fish oil depending on feeding habits of the fish species. It contains high crude protein content (13% to 30%) and essential amino acid (EAA) composition (rich in lysine) than most green forage crops and other aquatic macrophytes. A review was conducted on significance of Azolla meal as a protein plant source in finfish culture, mostly focus was on Tilapia species and family Cyprinidae. About 30 published online journal papers, from Research gate and Google scholar in aquaculture nutrition were reviewed. Among reviewed papers revealed that, the dietary Azolla supplementation at certain level have a positive effect on feed utilization and protein conversion ratio, mobilization and utilization of glycogenic amino acids, and growth performance. Therefore, this review suggests that, 10-45% Azolla inclusion level can be incorporated in the diet for Tilapia species, except for T. zillii which requires more than 40% protein contents. While in fish belong to the family Cyprinidae, the inclusion level should be 10-50% for Rohu, and 10-25% for the rest of family members, except Labeo fimbriatus which didn’t shows any effect up to 40% Azolla inclusion level in a diet.
{"title":"A Review on Significance of Azolla Meal as a Protein Plant Source in Finfish Culture","authors":"Sebastian S. Mosha","doi":"10.4172/2155-9546.1000544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000544","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in costs and demand of protein from conventional resource necessitates fish farmers and hatcheries manager to incorporate cheap and locally available ingredients in fish diets. Among protein plant sources, Azolla seems to be good replacer of protein from expensive sources such as fish meal and fish oil depending on feeding habits of the fish species. It contains high crude protein content (13% to 30%) and essential amino acid (EAA) composition (rich in lysine) than most green forage crops and other aquatic macrophytes. A review was conducted on significance of Azolla meal as a protein plant source in finfish culture, mostly focus was on Tilapia species and family Cyprinidae. About 30 published online journal papers, from Research gate and Google scholar in aquaculture nutrition were reviewed. Among reviewed papers revealed that, the dietary Azolla supplementation at certain level have a positive effect on feed utilization and protein conversion ratio, mobilization and utilization of glycogenic amino acids, and growth performance. Therefore, this review suggests that, 10-45% Azolla inclusion level can be incorporated in the diet for Tilapia species, except for T. zillii which requires more than 40% protein contents. While in fish belong to the family Cyprinidae, the inclusion level should be 10-50% for Rohu, and 10-25% for the rest of family members, except Labeo fimbriatus which didn’t shows any effect up to 40% Azolla inclusion level in a diet.","PeriodicalId":15243,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80763502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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