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Osobe sa intelektualnom ometenošću i kršenje zakonskih normi – o pojedinim karakteristikama populacije i izazovima u izvršenju kazne zatvora
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.47152/ziksi2022013
Milka Miličević, Ljeposava Ilijić
The treatment of persons with intellectual disabilities in criminal-legal proceedings and during the execution of a prison sentence has been the subject of scientific research for many years. This paper primarily analyzed the prevalence of persons with intellectual disabilities in this population by relying on research on the population of convicted persons and the findings of disability studies. In addition, the specificities of their position during the court process and subsequent treatment in prison were presented, and the basic challenges in the post-penal period indicated. For the successful execution of the prison sentence and the achievement of post-penal acceptance, more precisely for life in the community after the execution of the prison sentence or release, continuous and coordinated cooperation between the penitentiary system and professional services, i.e. services for providing support to persons with disabilities, is necessary. The establishment of training programs, capacity building and sensitization of employees, primarily treatment officers and the members of the security services, are also needed for recognizing developmental disorders and providing support in the prison environment.
智力残疾者在刑事法律诉讼和服刑期间的待遇问题多年来一直是科学研究的主题。本文主要通过对定罪人群的研究和残疾研究的结果,分析了这一人群中智力残疾者的患病率。此外,还介绍了他们在法庭程序和随后在监狱中的待遇方面的具体情况,并指出了刑满后时期的基本挑战。为了成功地执行监禁判决和实现刑罚后的接受,更确切地说,为了在执行监禁判决或释放后在社区生活,监狱系统和专业服务机构,即向残疾人提供支助的服务机构之间必须进行持续和协调的合作。还需要制定培训方案、能力建设和提高雇员(主要是治疗人员和安全服务人员)的认识,以便在监狱环境中识别发育障碍并提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Prekarijat i demokratija: teze za promišljanje
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.47152/ziksi2022014
Aleksandra Marković
The economic crisis of neoliberalism, the political crisis, and the crisis of representative democracy are fertile ground for socio-demagogic discourse and incredibly fertile ground for attracting the precariat. The precariat is a new social group that lives from today to tomorrow and whose main feature is uncertainty and precarity (primarily in the labor market, but also beyond). Capitalism and democracy are based on different principles. The logic of the relationship between capitalism and democracy is characterized by "tension." The question that arises is how to reconcile neoliberal capitalism and democracy, understood as a system based on the principles of freedom and equality? How do we reconcile democracy and significant social inequalities? What is the role of the precariat in this? With this in mind, the paper aims to open questions and possibilities of new angles of thinking about modern democracy, especially about the relationship between democracy and precariat, as a new social group on the historical scene of the XXI century. The paper deals with the relationship between democracy and capitalism and the relationship between the precariat and deliberative, radical and agonistic democracy, and left-wing populism.
新自由主义的经济危机、政治危机和代议制民主的危机是社会煽动话语的沃土,也是吸引不稳定无产阶级的沃土。无业游民(precariat)是一个新的社会群体,他们从今天一直生活到明天,其主要特征是不确定性和不稳定性(主要在劳动力市场,但也在其他领域)。资本主义和民主是以不同的原则为基础的。资本主义与民主关系的逻辑以“张力”为特征。出现的问题是如何调和新自由主义资本主义和民主,理解为一种基于自由和平等原则的制度?我们如何调和民主和重大的社会不平等?无产阶级在其中扮演着什么角色?考虑到这一点,本文旨在打开思考现代民主的新角度的问题和可能性,特别是关于民主与无业游民之间的关系,作为21世纪历史场景中的一个新的社会群体。本文探讨了民主与资本主义的关系,以及不稳定民主与协商民主、激进民主与对抗民主、左翼民粹主义之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Prikaz Zbornika "Memory Politics and Populism in Southeastern Europe" Prikaz Zbornika,东南欧的记忆政治与民粹主义
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.47152/ziksi2022018
I. Stepanović
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引用次数: 0
Osvrt na početke proučavanja zatvorske socijalne klime i razvoj instrumenata za procenu
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.47152/ziksi2022015
Ljeposava Ilijić, Milka Miličević, Olivera Pavićević
The concept of prison social climate is a popular conceptualization used to describe the contextual characteristics of prison that can have a significant impact on individual behavior, and describes what it is like to live and work in a prison environment, including interpersonal relationships but also the material and organizational dimensions of prison life. Previous research indicates that positive individual perceptions of the prison climate are associated with higher levels of well-being and better mental health, fewer disciplinary offenses and lower levels of aggression, as well as lower rates of recidivism. Relying on previous theoretical and empirical knowledge, the authors of this paper explore the concept of prison social climate, by summarizing the theoretical starting points on which the modern concept of prison social climate is based and developed. They also present the first instruments for assessing prison social climate, with special emphasis on the conceptual and methodological basis of research that preceded the construction of Measuring the Quality of Prison Life (MQPL) as one of the most modern and reliable instruments for measuring prison social climate.
监狱社会气候的概念是一种流行的概念,用于描述对个人行为有重大影响的监狱情境特征,并描述在监狱环境中生活和工作的情况,包括人际关系,也包括监狱生活的物质和组织层面。先前的研究表明,个人对监狱环境的积极看法与更高水平的幸福感和更好的心理健康、更少的违纪行为和更低的攻击性以及更低的累犯率有关。本文依托前人的理论和实证知识,对监狱社会气候概念进行了探索,总结了现代监狱社会气候概念赖以形成和发展的理论起点。它们还提供了评估监狱社会气候的第一批工具,特别强调在建造“衡量监狱生活质量”之前的研究概念和方法基础,这是衡量监狱社会气候的最现代和最可靠的工具之一。
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引用次数: 0
Povezanost motivacione klime za bavljenje sportom kreirane od strane roditelja i unutrašnje sportske motivacije kod mlađih i starijih adolescenata
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.47152/ziksi2022011
Ana Slavković
This research aims to identify the dominant type of sports motivation climate created by the mother or father (perceived by adolescents) and the dominant type of sports motivation, as well as to conclude which dimensions of the motivational climate created by parents, the best predict the internal sport motivation, to apply this knowledge in educational work, contribute to the proper development of young sportsmen and better sports results. We are also interested in whether this relationship differs between the respondents in the period of early and middle adolescence. The study was conducted on a sample of 200 adolescents who play sports, aged 11–19. The Sports Motivation Scale – SMS-28 was used to measure external, internal and amotivation, while the Perceived Motivational Climate Questionnaire was used to measure the perceived sport motivation climate (Climate in Sport Questionnaire 2 – PIMCQ-2). The results of the research showed that the motivational climate created by father and mother in the subsample of younger adolescents predicts a 35.7% variance of internal sport motivation (p ˂ 0.05), while the same statistical model is not statistically significant in the subsample of older adolescents. The most important factor in predicting internal sports motivation is the learning-oriented motivational climate created by the mother. The results indicate a negative effect of the achievement-oriented motivational climate, which makes adolescents underestimate the beauty of playing sports and improving sports skills, while their focus is on competitive spirit and overcoming opponents, which leads to increased amotivation.
本研究旨在识别由母亲或父亲创造的(青少年感知的)体育动机气候的主导类型和体育动机的主导类型,并得出父母创造的动机气候的哪些维度最能预测内在体育动机,从而将这一知识应用于教育工作,有助于青少年运动员的正确发展和更好的体育成绩。我们还感兴趣的是,这种关系是否在青少年早期和中期的受访者之间有所不同。这项研究是在200名11-19岁的青少年中进行的。体育动机量表- SMS-28用于测量外部、内部和动机,感知动机气候问卷用于测量感知体育动机气候(体育气候问卷2 - PIMCQ-2)。研究结果表明,在青少年内部运动动机的子样本中,父亲和母亲创造的动机氛围预测了35.7%的方差(p小于0.05),而在大青少年内部运动动机的子样本中,相同的统计模型没有统计学意义。预测运动内在动机的最重要因素是母亲创造的以学习为导向的动机氛围。结果表明,成就导向的激励氛围会产生负面影响,使青少年低估了运动和提高运动技能的美好,而他们更关注竞争精神和战胜对手,这导致了动机的增加。
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引用次数: 0
Kritika anarhoprimitivizma
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.47152/ziksi2022016
Stefan Mandić
The main goal of this paper is a critical consideration of the extremely ecocentric current of anarchism, which is called anarcho-primitivism. We believe that anarcho-primitivism, as an ideology that advocates the complete abolition of civilizational achievements and return to the stages of hunter-gatherers, is one of the failed responses to the crisis of the Western left, which arose during the 1970s. In order to better critically analyze anarcho-primitivism, it is necessary, above all, to determine its basic postulates as well as the causes of its emergence. This will be followed by a detailed critique of his philosophical roots and the political and ideological solutions he provides. Anarcho-primitivist ahistoricism, which implies that all of humanity can easily return to pre-civilization levels, its irrational romanticism, extreme anti-technologal stances and simplification of basic leftist postulates are just ways for the frustrated left to escape from tackling the concrete problems of modernity. Therefore, anarcho-primitivism can also be defined as a fading form of postmodern thought, created through inconsistent eclecticism. Primitivists, therefore, do not represent a serious movement that could disrupt the current status quo, but only a handful of self-sufficient intellectuals and activists. In this paper, through a critical analysis of anarcho-primitivism, it will be shown how its weak political-practical action potential arises from its intellectual inconsistency, which is why anarcho-primitivism can be characterized as an extreme margin in the spectrum of anti-systemic thought.
本文的主要目的是对极端生态中心主义的无政府主义思潮进行批判性思考,这种思潮被称为无政府原始主义。我们认为,无政府原始主义作为一种主张彻底废除文明成就、回归狩猎采集者阶段的意识形态,是对20世纪70年代兴起的西方左翼危机的失败回应之一。为了更好地批判性地分析无政府原始主义,首先有必要确定其基本假设及其产生的原因。接下来将详细批评他的哲学根源以及他提供的政治和意识形态解决方案。无政府原始主义的非历史主义,它暗示全人类可以很容易地回到前文明的水平,它的非理性浪漫主义,极端的反技术立场和对基本左派假设的简化,只是沮丧的左派逃避解决现代性具体问题的方法。因此,无政府原始主义也可以被定义为后现代思想的一种衰落形式,是通过不一致的折衷主义创造出来的。因此,原始主义者并不代表一个可以破坏现状的严肃运动,而只是少数自给自足的知识分子和活动家。本文将通过对无政府原始主义的批判性分析,揭示其薄弱的政治实践行动潜力是如何产生于其思想的不一致性,这就是为什么无政府原始主义可以被描述为反系统思想光谱中的极端边缘。
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引用次数: 0
Uticaj društvenih mreža na mentalno zdravlje
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.47152/ziksi2022012
Slađana Milošević, Dejan Milošević
Social networks are platforms that allow users of private and public profiles to have different types of interaction with other users. Given the increasing use of social networks, especially among the younger population, this paper aims to point out the impact of the use of social networks on mental health. A review of the relevant literature on the potential impact of social networks on mental health has been made. The use of social networks has advantages: establishing interpersonal relationships, personal and business relationships with others, sharing photos, expressing creativity, ideas and feelings, promoting health-related behaviour, and facilitating the interaction of shy and socially anxious individuals. However, the use of social networks is also associated with negative implications for mental health such as the development of anxiety, feelings of loneliness, low self-esteem, depression and dependence on the use of social networks. Given the recognized negative implications of the use of social networks on the mental health of users, it is important to emphasize the need for continuous information on rational use to prevent negative outcomes, as well as the inevitable consideration of this factor in treating mental health problems.
社交网络是一个允许私人和公共用户与其他用户进行不同类型互动的平台。鉴于社交网络的使用越来越多,特别是在年轻人群中,本文旨在指出使用社交网络对心理健康的影响。对社会网络对心理健康的潜在影响的相关文献进行了综述。使用社交网络有很多好处:建立人际关系,与他人建立个人和商业关系,分享照片,表达创造力、想法和感受,促进与健康相关的行为,促进害羞和社交焦虑个体之间的互动。然而,社交网络的使用也与心理健康的负面影响有关,如焦虑、孤独感、低自尊、抑郁和对社交网络使用的依赖。鉴于使用社交网络对用户心理健康产生的公认负面影响,必须强调有必要不断提供有关合理使用社交网络的信息,以防止产生负面后果,并在治疗心理健康问题时不可避免地考虑到这一因素。
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引用次数: 0
Prikaz Zbornika "Govor mržnje"
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.47152/ziksi2022019
Andrej Kubiček
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引用次数: 0
Psychological theories of aggression 攻击的心理学理论
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.47152/ziksi202123026
Nikola Drndarević
This paper aimed to provide a short exposition of the main theories of aggression. The choice of the theories reflected, in part, the historical progression and rising complexity of the theories over time. A brief overview of the following theoretical perspectives on aggression was presented: Freud’s psychoanalytic theory; Lorenz’s ethological theory; Behaviorist theory; Frustration-aggression hypothesis; Cognitive neo-association theory; and Social learning theory. These theories are representatives of the traditional perspective, which posits that by piecing together fragments of data gained through research, we arrive at the truth about aggression. A radically different perspective was offered through the constructivist perspective, which argues that any theory is just one way of organizing the data. Drawing from personal construct theory, a different psychological perspective on aggression was proposed.
本文旨在对侵略的主要理论进行简要的阐述。这些理论的选择在一定程度上反映了这些理论的历史进程和复杂性。简要概述了以下关于攻击的理论观点:弗洛伊德的精神分析理论;洛伦兹的行为学理论;行为主义理论;Frustration-aggression假说;认知新联想理论;和社会学习理论。这些理论是传统观点的代表,传统观点认为,通过将通过研究获得的数据碎片拼凑在一起,我们就能得出关于攻击性的真相。一种完全不同的观点通过建构主义观点提出,它认为任何理论都只是组织数据的一种方式。从个人构念理论出发,提出了一种不同的攻击心理学视角。
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引用次数: 1
Photovoice i (re)socijalizacija prestupnika
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.47152/ziksi20212302
Ana Batrićević
Photovoice predstavlja inovativni metod participatornog akcionog istraživanja, zasnovan na teorijskim konceptima vizuelne i kritičke kriminologije i saznajnim vrednostima dokumentarne fotografije. On omogućava da se određeni socijalni problem sagleda iz perspektive onih koji su njime najviše pogođeni, a u cilju njegovog rešavanja i iniciranja pozitivnih društvenih promena. Photovoice je osmišljen tako da učesnicima istraživanja omogućava psihološku podršku, osnaživanje i lični razvoj posredstvom kreativnog izražavanja kroz fotografisanje. Photovoice doprinosi tome da zajednica i donosioci odluka sagledaju i razumeju potrebe učesnika iz njihovog sopstvenog ugla – kroz njihove fotografije i propratne tekstove. Imajući u vidu sve učestaliju primenu photovoice metoda u društveno-humanističkim naukama, a posebno u kontekstu istraživanja i osnaživanja marginalizovanih grupa, autor najpre analizira teorijske osnove photovoice metoda, a potom i primere njegove primene u cilju sagledavanja potreba i unapređenja resocijalizacije prestupnika u inostranstvu. U zaključnim razmatranjima, autor diskutuje prednosti i ograničenja photovoice metoda, ukazujući na postojanje potrebe za njegovom primenu u istraživanjima posvećenim resocijalizaciji i postpenalnom prihvatu prestupnika u našoj zemlji.
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引用次数: 0
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Zbornik instituta za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja
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