Mihaela Maria Budiul, Gabriela Vlase, Daniel Negru, Dorinel Okolišan, Ionela-Amalia Bradu, Alexandra Tăşală, Alexandru Pahomi, Titus Vlase, Daniela Jumanca, Atena Galuscan, Paula Sfirloaga, Nicoleta Carabă, Roxana Popescu, Anamaria Matichescu
The aim of the present study was to formulate new variants of synthetic and animal-source bone materials coated with different biopolymers, containing antibiotics (ampicillin and oxacillin) and alendronate drugs. Validation consists in establishing mixtures that do not present interactions between components. These materials should act as a drug delivery system alongside the bone base. Natural polymers such as chitosan, alginate, and kappa-carrageenan have been shown to be optimal materials for drug delivery due to their intrinsic biocompatibility. Binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures between components are analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis analysis, thermogravimetry (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis led to the validation of materials suitable for the controlled release of active substances, which have the greatest chance of increasing the speed of bone regeneration, as well as helping in the local administration of antibiotics, which currently must be administered in the form of oral formulations or an injection. According to the FTIR, thermogravimetry, UV-Vis, SEM, and cytotoxicity tests performed in this study, it can be said that it is quite easy to obtain materials that can be used in dental practice that facilitate bone reconstruction through local treatment. At the same time, it was found that both active substances can be incorporated into the material together with Alg and Chit, thus limiting the adverse effects and maximizing the local beneficial effects.
{"title":"Dental Biopolymer Composites with Antibiotics, Bisphosphonate, and Hydroxyapatite for Possible Use in Bone Tissue Regeneration","authors":"Mihaela Maria Budiul, Gabriela Vlase, Daniel Negru, Dorinel Okolišan, Ionela-Amalia Bradu, Alexandra Tăşală, Alexandru Pahomi, Titus Vlase, Daniela Jumanca, Atena Galuscan, Paula Sfirloaga, Nicoleta Carabă, Roxana Popescu, Anamaria Matichescu","doi":"10.1155/2024/6614044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6614044","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to formulate new variants of synthetic and animal-source bone materials coated with different biopolymers, containing antibiotics (ampicillin and oxacillin) and alendronate drugs. Validation consists in establishing mixtures that do not present interactions between components. These materials should act as a drug delivery system alongside the bone base. Natural polymers such as chitosan, alginate, and kappa-carrageenan have been shown to be optimal materials for drug delivery due to their intrinsic biocompatibility. Binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures between components are analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis analysis, thermogravimetry (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis led to the validation of materials suitable for the controlled release of active substances, which have the greatest chance of increasing the speed of bone regeneration, as well as helping in the local administration of antibiotics, which currently must be administered in the form of oral formulations or an injection. According to the FTIR, thermogravimetry, UV-Vis, SEM, and cytotoxicity tests performed in this study, it can be said that it is quite easy to obtain materials that can be used in dental practice that facilitate bone reconstruction through local treatment. At the same time, it was found that both active substances can be incorporated into the material together with Alg and Chit, thus limiting the adverse effects and maximizing the local beneficial effects.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banxia Xiexin decoction (BXD) is a traditional prescription widely used to treat gastrointestinal conditions, including gastric cancer. Through network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking analysis, this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of the antigastric cancer effect of BXD and pave the way for future research. The network pharmacology analysis used BXD index components to improve reliability and validity. Prognosis-related genes identified through Lasso and Cox regression analysis were considered potential BXD core targets for gastric cancer. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to uncover the potential mechanism of action of BXD in gastric cancer. In addition, molecular docking of the index components of BXD and the core targets was used to validate the results. The present study obtained six index components of BXD and 155 corresponding antigastric cancer targets. ANXA5, CYP19A1, FGF1, and F2 in the prognostic signature model were identified as core targets of the index components of BXD. Protein-protein interaction networks and functional enrichment analysis indicated that proteoglycans in cancer, PI3K-Akt, and other pathways were involved. According to molecular docking results, six index components showed good-to-strong binding affinities to the core targets. The results indicated that the index components of BXD act on multiple pathways and targets of gastric cancer. Our study paved the way for further investigation of the antigastric cancer activity and mechanisms of BXD.
{"title":"Identification of the Mechanism of Action of the Index Components of Banxia Xiexin Decoction for Gastric Cancer through Network Pharmacology, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Docking Analysis","authors":"Xiaoji Niu, Mingyue Ma, Shoumei Wang, Aiyan Hu, Yi Xu, Liang Zhu, Shuhui Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/4309908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4309908","url":null,"abstract":"Banxia Xiexin decoction (BXD) is a traditional prescription widely used to treat gastrointestinal conditions, including gastric cancer. Through network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking analysis, this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of the antigastric cancer effect of BXD and pave the way for future research. The network pharmacology analysis used BXD index components to improve reliability and validity. Prognosis-related genes identified through Lasso and Cox regression analysis were considered potential BXD core targets for gastric cancer. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to uncover the potential mechanism of action of BXD in gastric cancer. In addition, molecular docking of the index components of BXD and the core targets was used to validate the results. The present study obtained six index components of BXD and 155 corresponding antigastric cancer targets. ANXA5, CYP19A1, FGF1, and F2 in the prognostic signature model were identified as core targets of the index components of BXD. Protein-protein interaction networks and functional enrichment analysis indicated that proteoglycans in cancer, PI3K-Akt, and other pathways were involved. According to molecular docking results, six index components showed good-to-strong binding affinities to the core targets. The results indicated that the index components of BXD act on multiple pathways and targets of gastric cancer. Our study paved the way for further investigation of the antigastric cancer activity and mechanisms of BXD.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139464970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang Sok Kim, Un Chol Han, Hyok Sin, Su Rim Hwang, Jong Min Wang
Recently, preoxidation is an effective pretreatment method of refractory gold ore, which has been widely used due to the high desulfurization, arsenic removal, low environmental pollution, and rapid reaction rate. In this paper, we describe the thermodynamic considerations of preoxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite, the main minerals of the refractory gold ore, and the effect of the pressure oxidation, one of the preoxidation processes on the chlorination leaching. The thermodynamic results indicated that arsenopyrite under acidic conditions is easier to oxidize compared to pyrite and the oxidation decomposition of pyrite and arsenopyrite-type gold ore can be considered mainly for pyrite. The experiment has shown that the arsenic removal rate was higher than the desulfurization rate; it is confirmed that the thermodynamic conclusion of the oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite was correct. Comparing the XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses of gold concentrate and pressurized oxidation residue, it can be seen that the surface of pressurized oxidation residue is a fine porous structure and the dense and durable structure of sulfide ore is mainly destroyed.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Behavior of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite in Preoxidation for Chlorination Leaching of Refractory Gold Concentrate","authors":"Chang Sok Kim, Un Chol Han, Hyok Sin, Su Rim Hwang, Jong Min Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/2671023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2671023","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, preoxidation is an effective pretreatment method of refractory gold ore, which has been widely used due to the high desulfurization, arsenic removal, low environmental pollution, and rapid reaction rate. In this paper, we describe the thermodynamic considerations of preoxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite, the main minerals of the refractory gold ore, and the effect of the pressure oxidation, one of the preoxidation processes on the chlorination leaching. The thermodynamic results indicated that arsenopyrite under acidic conditions is easier to oxidize compared to pyrite and the oxidation decomposition of pyrite and arsenopyrite-type gold ore can be considered mainly for pyrite. The experiment has shown that the arsenic removal rate was higher than the desulfurization rate; it is confirmed that the thermodynamic conclusion of the oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite was correct. Comparing the XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses of gold concentrate and pressurized oxidation residue, it can be seen that the surface of pressurized oxidation residue is a fine porous structure and the dense and durable structure of sulfide ore is mainly destroyed.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139411946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timothy Manda, Solomon Omwoma, Godfrey Okumu Barasa, Anthony M. Pembere, Douglas Sifuna, Livingstone Ochilo, Silas Lagat, Emily Ngeno, Patrick Ssebugere, Christine Betty Nagawa, Christine Kyarimpa
This study investigates the adsorption capacities of selected organochlorines on zeolites, focusing on hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorotetradecane (HCTD), hexachlorodecane (HCD), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlorodecane (HPCD), octachlorodecane (OCD), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and octachlorotetradecane (OCTD). The structures of the organochlorines were optimized and their Frontier molecular orbitals were calculated. The analysis of HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energies provided insights into the molecules’ electron-donating and -accepting capabilities. The present research identified the universal force field as suitable for the investigation and used it to evaluate the adsorption capacities of the pollutants on various zeolites. It was found that CLO (a cubic microporous gallophosphate) demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity for HCB among 245 zeolites, with a loading capacity of 65.84 wt%. In terms of molecules adsorbed per cell, CLO remained the highest with 120 molecules per cell for HCB, 113 molecules per cell for HCH, 43 molecules per cell for DDT, 21 molecules per cell for HCTD, 19 molecules per cell for OCTD, 47 molecules per cell for HCD, 30 molecules per cell for HPCD, and 22 molecules per cell for OCD. The analysis revealed correlations between the structural parameters of zeolites (mass, density, HVF, APV, VSA, GSA, DPS, and Di) and their adsorption capacities. The investigation delved into cluster models to understand the interaction of organochlorines with the zeolite framework. The study explored the impact of doping CLO zeolite with different atoms (Al, Si, and Na) on adsorption capacity. The results showed that doping with aluminum improved both loading capacity and adsorption energy and dissociate the chlorinated compounds during adsorption. Quantum chemical calculations show that hydrogen-based bonding of the organochlorides on the CLO is thermodynamically favorable compared to dissociative adsorption. In addition, oxygen atoms in the zeolites provide active adsorption sites. In the present work, laboratory adsorption experiments were performed, treating zeolites with heat at 400°C. Surprisingly, untreated zeolites outperformed treated ones, adsorbing up to 91% of HCB, while treated zeolites reached saturation after the third run. The study attributed the better performance of untreated zeolites to the presence of interstitial water and hydrogen atoms, which are critical for electrostatic interactions with organic compounds. In general, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of the adsorption capacities of organochlorines on zeolites, combining computational simulations and laboratory experiments. This work’s distinctive quality is its methodology that combines molecular simulations, experimental verification, doping, and interstitial water effects. The findings emphasize the importance of zeolite (a high-porosity nanostructured mate
{"title":"Sorption Mechanisms and Enhancement of Selected Organochlorine Pollutants in Water on Zeolites","authors":"Timothy Manda, Solomon Omwoma, Godfrey Okumu Barasa, Anthony M. Pembere, Douglas Sifuna, Livingstone Ochilo, Silas Lagat, Emily Ngeno, Patrick Ssebugere, Christine Betty Nagawa, Christine Kyarimpa","doi":"10.1155/2024/4008315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4008315","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the adsorption capacities of selected organochlorines on zeolites, focusing on hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorotetradecane (HCTD), hexachlorodecane (HCD), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlorodecane (HPCD), octachlorodecane (OCD), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and octachlorotetradecane (OCTD). The structures of the organochlorines were optimized and their Frontier molecular orbitals were calculated. The analysis of HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energies provided insights into the molecules’ electron-donating and -accepting capabilities. The present research identified the universal force field as suitable for the investigation and used it to evaluate the adsorption capacities of the pollutants on various zeolites. It was found that CLO (a cubic microporous gallophosphate) demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity for HCB among 245 zeolites, with a loading capacity of 65.84 wt%. In terms of molecules adsorbed per cell, CLO remained the highest with 120 molecules per cell for HCB, 113 molecules per cell for HCH, 43 molecules per cell for DDT, 21 molecules per cell for HCTD, 19 molecules per cell for OCTD, 47 molecules per cell for HCD, 30 molecules per cell for HPCD, and 22 molecules per cell for OCD. The analysis revealed correlations between the structural parameters of zeolites (mass, density, HVF, APV, VSA, GSA, DPS, and Di) and their adsorption capacities. The investigation delved into cluster models to understand the interaction of organochlorines with the zeolite framework. The study explored the impact of doping CLO zeolite with different atoms (Al, Si, and Na) on adsorption capacity. The results showed that doping with aluminum improved both loading capacity and adsorption energy and dissociate the chlorinated compounds during adsorption. Quantum chemical calculations show that hydrogen-based bonding of the organochlorides on the CLO is thermodynamically favorable compared to dissociative adsorption. In addition, oxygen atoms in the zeolites provide active adsorption sites. In the present work, laboratory adsorption experiments were performed, treating zeolites with heat at 400°C. Surprisingly, untreated zeolites outperformed treated ones, adsorbing up to 91% of HCB, while treated zeolites reached saturation after the third run. The study attributed the better performance of untreated zeolites to the presence of interstitial water and hydrogen atoms, which are critical for electrostatic interactions with organic compounds. In general, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of the adsorption capacities of organochlorines on zeolites, combining computational simulations and laboratory experiments. This work’s distinctive quality is its methodology that combines molecular simulations, experimental verification, doping, and interstitial water effects. The findings emphasize the importance of zeolite (a high-porosity nanostructured mate","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamiru Fayisa Diriba, Negera Abdissa, Melaku Meshesha, Soressa Gershe Ayana
The aim of this study was to isolate antimicrobial compounds from the roots of Aloe kefaensis, a plant endemic to Ethiopia and used to treat various microbial infections by traditional healers. The air-dried and powdered plant material was sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol. Then, each solvent extract was evaluated for its in vitro antimicrobial activity against four bacterial (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus) and one fungal (Candida albicans) strains using the agar disk diffusion method. Superior antimicrobial activity was exhibited against all the strains by dichloromethane extract, with the highest activity observed against S. typhi (inhibition zone diameter of 23.0 mm at 200 mg/mL). Due to similarity in their TLC profile, the acetone and dichloromethane extracts were combined and subjected to silica gel column chromatography for fractionation and isolation of the compounds. Separation of these extracts using silica gel column chromatography resulted in four anthraquinones: deoxyerythrolaccin (1), chrysophanol (2), laccaic acid D-methyl ester (3), and 3, 8-dihydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (4) and one preanthraquinone, aloesaponol II (5). The structure of these compounds was established using NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported literature data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity and showed varying degrees of potency. Compounds 2 and 4 showed the highest activity against Salmonella typhimurium at 10 mg/mL, with a zone of inhibition of 28.5 and 25.0 mm, respectively, in comparison to gentamicin (26.0 mm inhibition zone diameter at 10 mg/mL). Therefore, this strong antimicrobial activity of the extracts and isolates supports the traditional usage of Aloe kefaensis to treat microbial diseases.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Evaluation of Anthraquinones and Preanthraquinone from the Root Extract of Aloe kefaensis","authors":"Tamiru Fayisa Diriba, Negera Abdissa, Melaku Meshesha, Soressa Gershe Ayana","doi":"10.1155/2024/6629545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6629545","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to isolate antimicrobial compounds from the roots of <i>Aloe kefaensis</i>, a plant endemic to Ethiopia and used to treat various microbial infections by traditional healers. The air-dried and powdered plant material was sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol. Then, each solvent extract was evaluated for its <i>in vitro</i> antimicrobial activity against four bacterial (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) and one fungal (<i>Candida albicans</i>) strains using the agar disk diffusion method. Superior antimicrobial activity was exhibited against all the strains by dichloromethane extract, with the highest activity observed against <i>S</i>. <i>typhi</i> (inhibition zone diameter of 23.0 mm at 200 mg/mL). Due to similarity in their TLC profile, the acetone and dichloromethane extracts were combined and subjected to silica gel column chromatography for fractionation and isolation of the compounds. Separation of these extracts using silica gel column chromatography resulted in four anthraquinones: deoxyerythrolaccin (<b>1</b>), chrysophanol (<b>2</b>), laccaic acid D-methyl ester (<b>3</b>), and 3, 8-dihydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (<b>4</b>) and one preanthraquinone, aloesaponol II (<b>5</b>). The structure of these compounds was established using NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported literature data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity and showed varying degrees of potency. Compounds <b>2</b> and <b>4</b> showed the highest activity against <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> at 10 mg/mL, with a zone of inhibition of 28.5 and 25.0 mm, respectively, in comparison to gentamicin (26.0 mm inhibition zone diameter at 10 mg/mL). Therefore, this strong antimicrobial activity of the extracts and isolates supports the traditional usage of <i>Aloe kefaensis</i> to treat microbial diseases.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Ebadi, Aref Karimi, Asrin Bahmani, Zahra Najafi, Gholamabbas Chehardoli
Seventeen new xanthene-1,8-dione derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxic agents against the lung carcinoma cell line (A549). Compound 9-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione (4a) showed good cytotoxic effects (34.59 μM) in comparison to cis-platin. Docking results showed 4a could interact with DNA as intercalation. Calculated ligand efficiency of compound 4a was more than daunomycin. Based on the results, it can be concluded that compound 4a is a suitable DNA binding agent.
研究人员合成了十七种新的呫吨-1,8-二酮衍生物，并将其作为抗肺癌细胞系（A549）的细胞毒剂进行了评估。与顺铂相比，化合物 9-(4-(苄氧基)苯基)-3,4,5,6,7,9-六氢-1H-呫吨-1,8(2H)-二酮（4a）显示出良好的细胞毒性效果（34.59 μM）。Docking 结果表明，4a 能与 DNA 发生插层作用。化合物 4a 的计算配体效率高于达诺霉素。根据这些结果，可以认为化合物 4a 是一种合适的 DNA 结合剂。
{"title":"Novel Xanthene-1,8-dione Derivatives Containing the Benzylic Ether Tail as Potent Cytotoxic Agents: Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies","authors":"Ahmad Ebadi, Aref Karimi, Asrin Bahmani, Zahra Najafi, Gholamabbas Chehardoli","doi":"10.1155/2024/6612503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6612503","url":null,"abstract":"Seventeen new xanthene-1,8-dione derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxic agents against the lung carcinoma cell line (A549). Compound 9-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione (<b>4a</b>) showed good cytotoxic effects (34.59 <i>μ</i>M) in comparison to cis-platin. Docking results showed <b>4a</b> could interact with DNA as intercalation. Calculated ligand efficiency of compound <b>4a</b> was more than daunomycin. Based on the results, it can be concluded that compound <b>4a</b> is a suitable DNA binding agent.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aegiceras corniculatum, commonly referred to as Khalsi, is a member of the mangrove Myrsinaceae family. The various parts of this plant have been used in traditional medicinal systems for their potential therapeutic effects in conditions such as asthma, microbial infections, diabetes, pain relief, inflammation, cancer, and arthritis. A diverse array of bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, benzoquinones, triterpenes, polyphenolic acids, stilbenes, tannins, and macrolides have been identified in different parts of this plant. The aim of this review was to summarize the bioactive phytoconstituents reported from this plant that are accountable for the observed different pharmacological effects of the plant and further elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms by which these chemicals exert their actions. The search was conducted on various widely used database platforms, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, and PubMed. Articles published until July 2023 were extracted and all the information was sorted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data revealed that anti-inflammatory compounds from this plant suppress iNOS, myeloperoxidase, COX, LOX, and cytokines (like TNF-alpha, IL-1ß, LTB4, IL-12, and IL-6) to reduce inflammation. 5-O-Butyl-embelin, 2-hydroxy-5-ethoxy-3-nonyl1, 4-benzoquinone, 5-O-methylembelin, 5-O-methyl-rapanone, s-saponin, and 5-O-ethylembelin are some phytochemicals of A. corniculatum with anticancer properties, although their mechanism is unclear. A. corniculatum has antibacterial, parasitic, and antifungal effects, but no antiviral effects were reported. The plant-isolated coumaric acid and fatty acids interact with bacterial DNA/RNA and limit protein formation, making them antibacterial. Gallocatechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, epigallocatechin, and other tannins, as well as flavonoids like kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin, are some of the compounds in A. corniculatum that may depolarize and change bacterial membranes, showing antibacterial effect. These phenolic chemicals also reduce oxidative stress and help treat cancer and other inflammatory diseases. The extract of this plant activates the κ-opioid receptor, causing central antinociception. Catechol components, such as epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, protect against CNS illnesses including Parkinson’s disease and amnesia. Despite numerous studies demonstrating various pharmacological advantages of this plant and its constituents, the number of clinical trials conducted on humans remains significantly limited.
Aegiceras corniculatum 通常被称为 Khalsi，是红树科 Myrsinaceae 的一种植物。这种植物的各个部分在传统医学体系中被用于治疗哮喘、微生物感染、糖尿病、止痛、炎症、癌症和关节炎等疾病。在这种植物的不同部位发现了多种具有生物活性的植物化学物质，如黄酮类、苯醌类、三萜类、多酚酸类、二苯乙烯类、单宁类和大环内酯类。本综述旨在总结从该植物中发现的具有生物活性的植物成分，这些成分是该植物产生不同药理作用的原因，并进一步阐明这些化学物质产生作用的可能机制。检索在各种广泛使用的数据库平台上进行，包括 Google Scholar、Scopus、Web of Science、SciFinder 和 PubMed。提取了截至 2023 年 7 月发表的文章，并根据纳入和排除标准对所有信息进行了分类。数据显示，这种植物的抗炎化合物能抑制 iNOS、髓过氧化物酶、COX、LOX 和细胞因子（如 TNF-α、IL-1ß、LTB4、IL-12 和 IL-6），从而减轻炎症。5-O-Butyl-embelin, 2-hydroxy-5-ethoxy-3-nonyl1, 4-benzoquinone, 5-O-methylembelin, 5-O-methyl-rapanone, s-saponin, and 5-O-ethylembelin 是 A. corniculatum 的一些具有抗癌特性的植物化学物质，但其机制尚不清楚。A. corniculatum 具有抗菌、寄生虫和抗真菌作用，但没有抗病毒作用的报道。植物中分离出来的香豆酸和脂肪酸与细菌的 DNA/RNA 相互作用，限制蛋白质的形成，使其具有抗菌作用。五倍子儿茶素、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素和其他单宁酸，以及山柰酚、槲皮素和异鼠李素等黄酮类化合物，都是鸡冠花中的一些化合物，可使细菌膜去极化并发生变化，从而显示出抗菌作用。这些酚类化学物质还能减少氧化应激，有助于治疗癌症和其他炎症性疾病。这种植物的提取物能激活κ-阿片受体，引起中枢性抗痛作用。儿茶酚成分，如表没食子儿茶素-3-O-棓酸盐，可预防帕金森病和健忘症等中枢神经系统疾病。尽管有大量研究证明了这种植物及其成分的各种药理优势，但对人体进行的临床试验数量仍然非常有限。
{"title":"A Review on Bioactive Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Aegiceras corniculatum: A Pharmaceutically Important Mangrove Plant","authors":"Pritam Sarkar, Tasfiya Rufaidah Ahnaf, Razina Rouf, Jamil Ahmad Shilpi, Shaikh Jamal Uddin","doi":"10.1155/2024/9992568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9992568","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Aegiceras corniculatum</i>, commonly referred to as Khalsi, is a member of the mangrove Myrsinaceae family. The various parts of this plant have been used in traditional medicinal systems for their potential therapeutic effects in conditions such as asthma, microbial infections, diabetes, pain relief, inflammation, cancer, and arthritis. A diverse array of bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, benzoquinones, triterpenes, polyphenolic acids, stilbenes, tannins, and macrolides have been identified in different parts of this plant. The aim of this review was to summarize the bioactive phytoconstituents reported from this plant that are accountable for the observed different pharmacological effects of the plant and further elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms by which these chemicals exert their actions. The search was conducted on various widely used database platforms, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, and PubMed. Articles published until July 2023 were extracted and all the information was sorted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data revealed that anti-inflammatory compounds from this plant suppress iNOS, myeloperoxidase, COX, LOX, and cytokines (like TNF-alpha, IL-1<i>ß</i>, LTB<sub>4</sub>, IL-12, and IL-6) to reduce inflammation. 5-O-Butyl-embelin, 2-hydroxy-5-ethoxy-3-nonyl1, 4-benzoquinone, 5-O-methylembelin, 5-O-methyl-rapanone, s-saponin, and 5-O-ethylembelin are some phytochemicals of <i>A. corniculatum</i> with anticancer properties, although their mechanism is unclear. <i>A. corniculatum</i> has antibacterial, parasitic, and antifungal effects, but no antiviral effects were reported. The plant-isolated coumaric acid and fatty acids interact with bacterial DNA/RNA and limit protein formation, making them antibacterial. Gallocatechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, epigallocatechin, and other tannins, as well as flavonoids like kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin, are some of the compounds in <i>A. corniculatum</i> that may depolarize and change bacterial membranes, showing antibacterial effect. These phenolic chemicals also reduce oxidative stress and help treat cancer and other inflammatory diseases. The extract of this plant activates the <i>κ</i>-opioid receptor, causing central antinociception. Catechol components, such as epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, protect against CNS illnesses including Parkinson’s disease and amnesia. Despite numerous studies demonstrating various pharmacological advantages of this plant and its constituents, the number of clinical trials conducted on humans remains significantly limited.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139092852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dennis Nzilu, Edwin Madivoli, David Makhanu, Sammy Wanakai, Gideon Kirui, Vincent Mwangi, Patrick Kareru
Herein, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using Parthenium hysterophorus whole plant aqueous extract as reducing and capping agents. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized via UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). An intrinsic optical absorbance of ZnO NPs occurred at 337 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites responsible for reducing and stabilizing the nanoparticles. Furthermore, SEM and TEM images revealed that ZnO NPs were spherical with an average particle size of 38 nm. The XRD analysis revealed that ZnO NPs had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a crystallite size of 42.6 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were investigated for degradation ability against methylene blue dye at varying conditions of ZnO NPs’ dosage, methylene blue concentrations, pH, temperature, and interaction time. Degradation efficiency of 55.69% was obtained at optimal conditions using 50 mg of ZnO NPs, 5 mg/L of MB dye concentration, and pH 12 and at 65°C within 32 minutes. Due to their novel green synthesis route, Parthenium hysterophorus-mediated ZnO NPs are promising candidates for removing persistent organic dyes from aquatic environments.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Parthenium hysterophorus-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles for Methylene Blue Dye Degradation","authors":"Dennis Nzilu, Edwin Madivoli, David Makhanu, Sammy Wanakai, Gideon Kirui, Vincent Mwangi, Patrick Kareru","doi":"10.1155/2024/1088430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1088430","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> whole plant aqueous extract as reducing and capping agents. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized via UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). An intrinsic optical absorbance of ZnO NPs occurred at 337 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites responsible for reducing and stabilizing the nanoparticles. Furthermore, SEM and TEM images revealed that ZnO NPs were spherical with an average particle size of 38 nm. The XRD analysis revealed that ZnO NPs had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a crystallite size of 42.6 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were investigated for degradation ability against methylene blue dye at varying conditions of ZnO NPs’ dosage, methylene blue concentrations, pH, temperature, and interaction time. Degradation efficiency of 55.69% was obtained at optimal conditions using 50 mg of ZnO NPs, 5 mg/L of MB dye concentration, and pH 12 and at 65°C within 32 minutes. Due to their novel green synthesis route, <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i>-mediated ZnO NPs are promising candidates for removing persistent organic dyes from aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139082826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Ethiopia, using pesticides to manage pests in the growing of fruits and vegetables is a standard practice. Various classes of pesticides have been approved to combat pests, but the majority of those in use now are outdated broad-spectrum insecticides with significant residual effects on crops of freshly eaten fruits and vegetables. This review reveals that Ethiopia’s assessment of the residual pesticide level in fruits and vegetables has been lacking. According to the reviewed literature, crops that are often treated with pesticides in many countries have significant residual pesticide levels. However, Ethiopia has not adequately reported on this issue. Furthermore, due to a lack of knowledge regarding the impact of pesticide residues on human health, Ethiopians frequently use pesticides improperly to control pests in fruits and vegetables. The majority of consumers eat their fruits and vegetables unprocessed, without washing or cooking them first. To reduce the risk of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables for consumer safety and to battle the health effects of toxic chemicals in humans, monitoring pesticide residues and raising awareness about the adverse effects of pesticides on humans are urgently needed. Before they may be registered and sold, pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables as well as in the environment must also undergo proper testing and evaluation. New pesticide generations that have fewer side effects on fruits and vegetables must also be developed. By washing, peeling, canning, or boiling fruits and vegetables before consumption, the detrimental effects of pesticide residues on human health can be minimized.
{"title":"Residue of Pesticides in Fruits, Vegetables, and Their Management in Ethiopia","authors":"Yohannes Gelaye, Belete Negash","doi":"10.1155/2024/9948714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9948714","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, using pesticides to manage pests in the growing of fruits and vegetables is a standard practice. Various classes of pesticides have been approved to combat pests, but the majority of those in use now are outdated broad-spectrum insecticides with significant residual effects on crops of freshly eaten fruits and vegetables. This review reveals that Ethiopia’s assessment of the residual pesticide level in fruits and vegetables has been lacking. According to the reviewed literature, crops that are often treated with pesticides in many countries have significant residual pesticide levels. However, Ethiopia has not adequately reported on this issue. Furthermore, due to a lack of knowledge regarding the impact of pesticide residues on human health, Ethiopians frequently use pesticides improperly to control pests in fruits and vegetables. The majority of consumers eat their fruits and vegetables unprocessed, without washing or cooking them first. To reduce the risk of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables for consumer safety and to battle the health effects of toxic chemicals in humans, monitoring pesticide residues and raising awareness about the adverse effects of pesticides on humans are urgently needed. Before they may be registered and sold, pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables as well as in the environment must also undergo proper testing and evaluation. New pesticide generations that have fewer side effects on fruits and vegetables must also be developed. By washing, peeling, canning, or boiling fruits and vegetables before consumption, the detrimental effects of pesticide residues on human health can be minimized.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139082118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arpita Paul Chowdhury, K. S. Anantharaju, K. Keshavamurthy, Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum
In recent decades, the textile industry has contributed to continuous pollution in the environment. Synthetic dyes which are commonly found in waste water are azo, sulfur, anthraquinone, triphenylmethyl, indigoid, and phthalocyanine derivatives. These pollutants block the light penetration in water bodies and prevent photosynthesis activity, thereby affecting aquatic life. As an environmental crisis, several technologies have been explored to control pollution. Among all the techniques, the photocatalysis process is considered as a green, simple, and economical process. To improve the photocatalytic activity, researchers worldwide have investigated various photocatalysts such as metal oxides, metal ferrites, and heterostructured nanocomposites. The major goal of this review article is to propose a high-performing, cost-effective hybrid photocatalyst reported to date for prospective azo dye pollutant remediation. This review article also aimed to highlight the challenges and uncertainties associated with dye degradation in the photocatalytic process.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation Approaches for Azo Dyes","authors":"Arpita Paul Chowdhury, K. S. Anantharaju, K. Keshavamurthy, Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum","doi":"10.1155/2023/9780955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9780955","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the textile industry has contributed to continuous pollution in the environment. Synthetic dyes which are commonly found in waste water are azo, sulfur, anthraquinone, triphenylmethyl, indigoid, and phthalocyanine derivatives. These pollutants block the light penetration in water bodies and prevent photosynthesis activity, thereby affecting aquatic life. As an environmental crisis, several technologies have been explored to control pollution. Among all the techniques, the photocatalysis process is considered as a green, simple, and economical process. To improve the photocatalytic activity, researchers worldwide have investigated various photocatalysts such as metal oxides, metal ferrites, and heterostructured nanocomposites. The major goal of this review article is to propose a high-performing, cost-effective hybrid photocatalyst reported to date for prospective azo dye pollutant remediation. This review article also aimed to highlight the challenges and uncertainties associated with dye degradation in the photocatalytic process.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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