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Retracted: Differential Scanning Calorimetry Material Studies: Benzil Melting Point Method for Eliminating the Thermal History of DSC 撤回:差示扫描量热材料研究:消除 DSC 热历史的本齐尔熔点法
IF 3 4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9764037
Journal of Chemistry
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引用次数: 0
Retracted: Sedimentary Facies Evaluation of Tight Oil Reservoirs of Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin 撤回:鄂尔多斯盆地延长地层致密油藏沉积面评价
IF 3 4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9785450
Journal of Chemistry
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引用次数: 0
Retracted: Characteristics of Sedimentary Microfacies of Late Triassic Yanchang Formation in North-Central Ordos Basin 撤回:鄂尔多斯盆地中北部晚三叠世延长地层沉积微地貌特征
IF 3 4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9891764
Journal of Chemistry
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引用次数: 0
Retracted: Integrated Design Technology of Geological Engineering for Pressure Flooding and Water Injection in Low Permeability Reservoirs: Take the Reservoir of Keshang Formation in Wu2 East Area as an Example 撤回:低渗透油藏压水注浆地质工程综合设计技术:以乌2东区克上地层储层为例
IF 3 4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9819656
Journal of Chemistry
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引用次数: 0
Retracted: Bioactivation of Polyaniline for Biomedical Applications and Metal Oxide Composites 撤回:用于生物医学应用和金属氧化物复合材料的聚苯胺生物活化技术
IF 3 4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9831807
Journal of Chemistry
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引用次数: 0
Retracted: Prediction of Chemical Corrosion Rate and Remaining Life of Buried Oil and Gas Pipelines in Changqing Gas Field 撤回:长庆油田埋地油气管道化学腐蚀速率及剩余寿命预测
IF 3 4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9837090
Journal of Chemistry
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引用次数: 0
Determination of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Effluents from Lubricants Manufacturing and Associated Contamination of Oysters (Crassostrea cucullata) and Soil near Discharge Points in Mombasa, Kenya 测定肯尼亚蒙巴萨润滑油制造废水中的某些特定重金属以及排放点附近的牡蛎(Crassostrea cucullata)和土壤受到的相关污染
IF 3 4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.47672/jchem.1663
Simiyu Wechuli, Daniel Munga, R. Magwa
Purpose: Available reports on heavy metal contamination along the Kenyan coastal zone focused on concentration levels in marine and coastal waters, sediments and biota, with indications of potential sources. However, information on contribution of specific sources to the heavy metal load into the marine and coastal environment is scanty or unavailable. Thus, this study addressed the need to assess specific potential sources and their contribution to heavy metal contamination. The generated data can be applied for monitoring discharge loads of heavy metals from lubricant manufacturing processes into the environment, its level of contamination to the environment and the potential risk to man through food chain. Materials and Methods: Concentrations of selected heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Hg in effluents filtrates, residues (SPM), Oysters (Crassostrea cucullata) and soil samples were determined using ICP-OES. The procedures of the analytical methods and instruments used were validated with analysis of a multi-element certified reference material (CRM IAEA-452) for the elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Hg in the effluent samples and standard reference material (SRM 1566b) from National institute standards and technology for the elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Hg in the marine bivalve tissues. Physico – chemical parameters Temperature, PH, Conductivity, Dissolved oxygen and Total organic carbon were also determined in the effluent samples.  Sampling was done in the year 2021 and 2022. Effluent samples were collected from OLA energy Kenya limited, VIVO energy Kenya limited and TOTAL energy Kenya limited. Oyster samples and soil sediment samples were collected from Makupa creek. Data analysis was carried out using (SPSS) for Windows (Version 16) and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level. The difference in mean concentrations of heavy metals within and between groups were considered significant at P˂0.05. The interrelationships of heavy metals contamination in the samples were determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. It was considered significant at P value ˂0.05. Findings: This study showed presence of heavy metals that varied in concentrations in effluents samples, soils samples and Oyster samples. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the effluents filtrates ranged as follows Pb = 0.0038±0.0004 mg/l – 0.0025 ± 0.003 mg/l, Cu = 0.0054±0.0038 mg/l – 0.0019±0.0002 mg/l, Cr = 0.0071±0.0021mg/l – 0.0045±0.0022 mg/l, Cd = 0.0041±0.0026 mg/l – 0.0013±0.0001 mg/l and Hg = 0.0063±0.0018 mg/l – 0.0026±0.0004 mg/l. The range of values for the mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the Oysters showed that Pb = 0.0227±0.0091mg/kg – 0.019 ± 0.006 mg/kg, Cu = 0.0618±0.0171mg/kg – 0.0601±0.0168 mg/kg, Cr = 0.0265 ± 0.0277 mg/kg – 0.0152 ± 0.0009 mg/kg, Cd = 0.0464±0.0282 mg/kg – 0.0273 ± 0.0117 mg/kg and Hg = 0.0264±0.0158 mg/kg – 0.025±0.0080 mg/kg. The range of values for the mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the s
目的:关于肯尼亚沿海地区重金属污染的现有报告侧重于海洋和沿海水域、沉积物 和生物群的浓度水平,并指出了潜在的来源。然而,有关特定来源对海洋和沿海环境重金属负荷的影响的信息却很少或根本没有。因此,本研究需要评估具体的潜在来源及其对重金属污染的影响。生成的数据可用于监测润滑油生产过程中排入环境的重金属负荷、其对环境的污染程度以及通过食物链对人类造成的潜在风险。 材料和方法:使用 ICP-OES 测定了污水滤液、残留物(SPM)、牡蛎(Crassostrea cucullata)和土壤样本中选定重金属镉、铬、铜、铅和汞的浓度。所使用的分析方法和仪器的程序通过多元素认证参考材料(CRM IAEA-452)和国家标准与技术研究所的标准参考材料(SRM 1566b)进行了验证,前者用于分析污水样本中的镉、铬、铜、铅和汞元素,后者用于分析海洋双壳贝组织中的镉、铬、铜、铅和汞元素。此外,还测定了污水样本中的温度、PH 值、电导率、溶解氧和总有机碳等物理化学参数。 采样工作于 2021 年和 2022 年进行。从 OLA 能源肯尼亚有限公司、VIVO 能源肯尼亚有限公司和道达尔能源肯尼亚有限公司收集了污水样本。牡蛎样本和土壤沉积物样本采集自 Makupa 溪。数据分析采用 Windows 版 SPSS(16 版)和单因素方差分析(ANOVA),置信度为 95%。在 P˂0.05 的条件下,组内和组间重金属平均浓度的差异具有显著性。使用皮尔逊相关系数确定了样品中重金属污染的相互关系。当 P 值˂0.05 时,相关系数具有显著性。 研究结果这项研究表明,污水样本、土壤样本和牡蛎样本中存在不同浓度的重金属。污水滤液中重金属的平均浓度范围如下 铅 = 0.0038±0.0004 毫克/升 - 0.0025 ± 0.003 毫克/升,铜 = 0.0054±0.0038 毫克/升 - 0.铜 = 0.0054±0.0038 毫克/升 - 0.0019±0.0002 毫克/升,铬 = 0.0071±0.0021 毫克/升 - 0.0045±0.0022 毫克/升,镉 = 0.0041±0.0026 毫克/升 - 0.0013±0.0001 毫克/升,汞 = 0.0063±0.0018 毫克/升 - 0.0026±0.0004 毫克/升。牡蛎体内重金属的平均浓度值范围显示,铅 = 0.0227±0.0091mg/kg - 0.019 ± 0.006 mg/kg,铜 = 0.0618±0.0171mg/kg - 0.0601±0.0168 mg/kg,镉 = 0.0618±0.0171mg/kg - 0.0601±0.0168 mg/kg。铬 = 0.0265±0.0277 mg/kg - 0.0152 ± 0.0009 mg/kg,镉 = 0.0464±0.0282 mg/kg - 0.0273 ± 0.0117 mg/kg,汞 = 0.0264±0.0158 mg/kg - 0.025±0.0080 mg/kg。土壤样本中重金属的平均浓度值范围显示,铅 = 0.0523±0.0189 mg/kg - 0.0447±0.0181 mg/kg,铜 = 0.3010±0.0282 mg/kg - 0.025±0.0080 mg/kg,镉 = 0.025±0.0080 mg/kg - 0.025±0.0080 mg/kg。2437 ± 0.2690 mg/kg,Cr = 0.6564 ± 0.1468 mg/kg - 0.5862 ± 0.3073 mg/kg,Cd = 0.5434 ± 0.2207 mg/kg - 0.3506±0.2157 mg/kg,Hg = 0.2679 ± 0.1923 mg/kg - 0.2366±0.1584 mg/kg。污水样品中物理化学参数的范围值为 PH = 7.31±0.198 - 6.53±0.459,温度 = 27.53±0.378oC - 23.3±0.2oC,溶解氧 = 6.81±0.191mg/l - 3.11±0.242 mg/l,电导率 = 2740.0±901.041 uS/cm - 1523.33±55.075 uS/cm,总有机碳 = 15.18±1.2750 mg/l - 0.92±0.1026 mg/l。除土壤样本中的汞略高于允许限值外,其他重金属的浓度均符合世界卫生组织、美国环保署和国家环境监测局(2017 年)规定的安全限值。污水滤液和污水残留物样本中的汞浓度低于土壤和牡蛎样本中的汞浓度。 对理论、实践和政策的启示:本研究建议经常检查工业产生的废物、废物处置场所以及废物处置场所附近的生物体。工业企业应采用最佳的废物处置和管理方法,减少向环境排放有害物质。应开展公众教育和提高认识活动,让居民了解与受污染环境的互动以及在此类受污染环境中摄食生物对健康的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Based on Fresh Cocoa Pods (Theobroma Cacao) Extracts as New Potential Electrode Material 以新鲜可可豆荚(Theobroma Cacao)提取物为原料制备纳米银电极的研究
IF 3 4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6447994
Alex Vincent Somba, Evangéline Njanja, Gullit Deffo, Cyrille Ghislain Fotsop, Kevin Yemele Tajeu, Armel Florian Tchangou Njiemou, François Eya’ane Meva, Theophile Kamgaing
This work focuses on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fresh cocoa pods from the “Theobroma cacao” extract plant through the reduction of silver ions (Ag+) into Ag (0) by a green chemistry process, subsequently used as an electrode material. Reaction factors such as pH, incubation time, and silver ion concentration were optimized during the formation of nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) analysis. Once drop coating was applied on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the resulting film was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that silver nanoparticles have been well synthesized and can find applications as electrode materials for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and uric acid in aqueous solution.
这项工作的重点是利用“可可树”提取植物的新鲜可可豆荚,通过绿色化学过程将银离子(Ag+)还原为Ag(0),然后用作电极材料,从而合成纳米银。在纳米颗粒的形成过程中,对pH、孵育时间、银离子浓度等因素进行了优化。采用紫外分光光度(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、粉末x射线衍射(PXRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散x射线光谱(EDX)分析对合成的纳米颗粒进行了表征。在玻璃碳电极(GCE)上涂上滴膜后,利用循环伏安法(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对膜层进行了表征。结果表明,银纳米粒子的合成效果良好,可作为同时测定水溶液中抗坏血酸和尿酸的电极材料。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropogenic Sources and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Mine Soils: A Case Study of Bontesso in Amansie West District of Ghana 矿山土壤中重金属的人为来源及风险评价——以加纳阿曼西西部邦泰索为例
IF 3 4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6760154
Douglas Siaw Baah, Emmanuel Gikunoo, Emmanuel Kwesi Arthur, Frank Ofori Agyemang, Gordon Foli, Bennetta Koomson, Philipa Opoku
Contamination of the environmental receptors with heavy metals due to mining is a major topical environmental issue in Ghana. This research investigates the possible ecological and human health risks of heavy metal impacts due to mining in the Amansie West District in Ghana. A total of 18 soil samples were taken from the Bontesso illegal mining site in the district and analyzed for the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). From principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation coefficient analysis, the metals are derived from multiple sources, with substantial levels of correlations. Using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk index (Er), and noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively, the impacts of As (12.2 mg/kg) and Cd (1.3 mg/kg) are above the WHO stipulated limit. Findings for pollution indices indicate moderate contamination, while HQ < 1 for inhalation and dermal exposure route, except for ingestion which is HQ > 1. Based on the USEPA standard, the carcinogenic risk of the pollutants for humans is higher than the range of 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4. Furthermore, the ingestion route represents the highest contributor to cancer risk with arsenic posing the greatest risk. The results so far suggest that chemical components gradually accumulate and thus emphasize the importance of implementing the necessary mitigation methods to minimize the impacts of illegal mining activities in the study area.
由于采矿导致的重金属污染环境受体是加纳的一个主要的环境问题。本研究调查了在加纳Amansie西区采矿造成的重金属影响可能带来的生态和人类健康风险。从该地区的邦泰索非法矿区采集了18个土壤样本,并使用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)分析了砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)和铅(Pb)的含量。从主成分分析、聚类分析和相关系数分析来看,这些金属来自多个来源,具有相当程度的相关性。从地理累积指数(Igeo)、污染因子(CF)、污染程度(Cd)、污染负荷指数(PLI)、生态风险指数(Er)、非致癌性风险和致癌性风险等方面分析,砷(12.2 mg/kg)和镉(1.3 mg/kg)的影响均超过世界卫生组织规定限值。污染指数显示中度污染,而吸入和皮肤接触途径的污染指数为HQ > 1,除摄入外为HQ > 1。根据美国环保局的标准,污染物对人体的致癌风险高于1 × 10−6 ~ 1 × 10−4。此外,摄入途径是导致癌症风险的最高因素,其中砷的风险最大。迄今为止的结果表明,化学成分逐渐积累,因此强调了实施必要的缓解方法以尽量减少研究地区非法采矿活动影响的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Extraction and Optimization of Tanning Material from Osyris lanceolata Barks: Cleaner Leather Tanning Processing 山楂树皮鞣制原料的提取与优化:清洁皮革鞣制工艺
4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6610247
Zerihun Teshome, Tesfaye Agazhi, Tale Gashew, Biniyam Solomon, Tsion Belay, Belete Baye, Efrem Temach
Tanning is a processing mechanism that prevents the collagen fibers from putrefaction to maximize the hydrothermal stability of leather. Tannin agents extracted from plants were used in leather production in a process called vegetable tanning. Vegetable tanning is an eco-friendly tanning method when compared to chrome tanning. Chrome tanning is the most common method of tanning hides. Currently, chrome tanning, which is extracted from chrome ores, is used in more than 80–90% of the leather tanning industry, but the most serious environmental issue associated with tanneries is chromium. This implies that the presence of chromium both in wastewater and in leather waste has a significant environmental impact and a high cost for landfills. However, currently, vegetable tanning and other tanning materials take up a 10–20% share of the leather tanning industry. Even today, most commercial vegetable tanning is a mimosa. In this study, a new alternative material and chrome-free tanning process using the barks of the Osyris lanceolata plant barks which reduces the environmental pollution load in terms of wastewater and solid wastes would be introduced. The study also aimed to improve the extraction and optimization mechanisms of tannin material from the bark of the Osyris lanceolata plant, which grows in Dera Hamusit Woreda in Ethiopia’s south Gonder Amhara region. In addition to these, the chemical and physical properties of experimentally treated leather were analyzed. This study’s results show that the bark of Osyris lanceolata contains (18.72%) tannin with 96% tanning strength (96%), and 49 percent purity. Also, leather treated with this tannin showed good shrinkage temperature (84.5°C), and organoleptic properties results such as tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation were 7.1 N/mm2, 19 N, and 45%, respectively. Besides that, the FTIR analysis shows that the bark of the Osyris lanceolata plant has a phenolic compound that is used for tanning purposes. This study clearly shows that extracted tannin from Osyris lanceolata has the potential to be used as an alternative tannin material in the leather tanning industry.
鞣制是一种防止胶原纤维腐烂的加工机制,以最大限度地提高皮革的水热稳定性。从植物中提取的单宁剂被用于制革,这一过程被称为植物制革。与铬鞣相比,植物鞣是一种环保的鞣法。铬鞣是鞣制兽皮最常用的方法。目前,从铬矿石中提取的铬鞣制在超过80-90%的皮革鞣制工业中使用,但与制革厂相关的最严重的环境问题是铬。这意味着废水和皮革废料中铬的存在对环境有重大影响,对垃圾填埋场来说成本很高。然而,目前,植物鞣制和其他鞣制材料占皮革鞣制行业的10-20%的份额。即使在今天,大多数商业蔬菜鞣制都是含羞草。本研究介绍了一种新的替代材料和利用杉木树皮制革的无铬工艺,减少了废水和固体废物对环境的污染负荷。该研究还旨在改进从生长在埃塞俄比亚南部贡德阿姆哈拉地区Dera Hamusit wooreda的Osyris lanceolata植物树皮中提取单宁物质并优化其机制。此外,还分析了经实验处理的皮革的化学和物理性能。结果表明,山楂树皮鞣质含量为18.72%,鞣制强度为96%,纯度为49%。经单宁处理的皮革具有良好的收缩温度(84.5°C),抗拉强度、撕裂强度和伸长率等感官性能分别为7.1 N/mm2、19 N和45%。除此之外,FTIR分析表明,山杉树的树皮含有一种用于制革的酚类化合物。本研究清楚地表明,从杉木中提取的单宁具有在制革工业中作为一种替代单宁材料的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Chemistry
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