Prince Karikari, James Oppong-Kyekyeku, Edmund Ekuadzi, Samuel Oppong Bekoe, Rita Opoku, Daniel Nimako Amprako, Emmanuel Addo-Yobo, Sandra Kwarteng Owusu, Bernard Arhin, Adegoke G. Falade, Ganiyu Arinola, Adeleye S. Bakarey, John I. Anetor, Kevin J. Mortimer
Triclosan (TCS), a synthesized chlorinated phenolic compound, is commonly utilized in consumable products as an antimicrobial agent. TCS has sparked widespread awareness because of its toxicity and possible negative effect on public health in recent years. In this study, a highly sensitive, fast, and cost-effective isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method coupled with solid-phase extraction for analysis of triclosan in human urine samples was developed. The method utilized methanol and water in a ratio of 90 : 10 as the mobile phase on a Phenomenex Luna 3 µm C18(2) 100 Å, 150 × 4.60 mm stationary phase, with a runtime of 5 minutes. The method showed good resolution of triclosan in the presence of the sample matrix. Validation of the method was performed according to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Linearity was tested over a range of 0.00625 µg/mL to 6.4 µg/mL, as accuracy recorded a recovery of 89.25%, 91.0%, and 92.75%. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were obtained to be 0.0173 µg/mL and 0.0525 µg/mL, respectively. The method proved to be robust over a temperature range of 26°C, 30°C, and 35°C and a flow rate of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 1.5 ml. The developed method was employed to detect and quantify triclosan in 153 urine samples, comprising 60 samples from Ibadan, Nigeria, and 93 samples from Kumasi, Ghana. Triclosan was detected in a total of 52 samples with an average content of 0.054588 µg/ml. This method can therefore be used for the routine analysis of triclosan in urine samples.
{"title":"Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Triclosan in Human Urine","authors":"Prince Karikari, James Oppong-Kyekyeku, Edmund Ekuadzi, Samuel Oppong Bekoe, Rita Opoku, Daniel Nimako Amprako, Emmanuel Addo-Yobo, Sandra Kwarteng Owusu, Bernard Arhin, Adegoke G. Falade, Ganiyu Arinola, Adeleye S. Bakarey, John I. Anetor, Kevin J. Mortimer","doi":"10.1155/2023/6684834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6684834","url":null,"abstract":"Triclosan (TCS), a synthesized chlorinated phenolic compound, is commonly utilized in consumable products as an antimicrobial agent. TCS has sparked widespread awareness because of its toxicity and possible negative effect on public health in recent years. In this study, a highly sensitive, fast, and cost-effective isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method coupled with solid-phase extraction for analysis of triclosan in human urine samples was developed. The method utilized methanol and water in a ratio of 90 : 10 as the mobile phase on a Phenomenex Luna 3 µm C18(2) 100 Å, 150 × 4.60 mm stationary phase, with a runtime of 5 minutes. The method showed good resolution of triclosan in the presence of the sample matrix. Validation of the method was performed according to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Linearity was tested over a range of 0.00625 µg/mL to 6.4 µg/mL, as accuracy recorded a recovery of 89.25%, 91.0%, and 92.75%. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were obtained to be 0.0173 µg/mL and 0.0525 µg/mL, respectively. The method proved to be robust over a temperature range of 26°C, 30°C, and 35°C and a flow rate of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 1.5 ml. The developed method was employed to detect and quantify triclosan in 153 urine samples, comprising 60 samples from Ibadan, Nigeria, and 93 samples from Kumasi, Ghana. Triclosan was detected in a total of 52 samples with an average content of 0.054588 µg/ml. This method can therefore be used for the routine analysis of triclosan in urine samples.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"43 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work, we have successfully predicted the refractive indices of binary mixtures containing ionic liquids (ILs) and water as a component following the approach of Gladstone–Dale and Newton. These approaches were proposed as adequate to predict the refractive indices of mixtures containing imidazolium-based ILs with water or ethanol. It requires just the knowledge of the density and refractive index of pure components to obtain the value of refractive index of binary mixtures at any composition. We have selected 30 binary systems that contain ILs from imidazolium, ammonium, pyrrolidinium, and pyridinium families for validation. The tested data comprise of more than 400 mixture points. The results are presented in terms of average percentage deviations (APDs) from the experimental values. The Gladstone–Dale method gives better results compared to the Newton approach. The reasons why these approaches give large APDs for some mixtures are discussed in the manuscript.
{"title":"Prediction of Refractive Indices of Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquids and Water","authors":"Mohd Sajid Ali, Mohammad Tariq","doi":"10.1155/2023/9934356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9934356","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, we have successfully predicted the refractive indices of binary mixtures containing ionic liquids (ILs) and water as a component following the approach of Gladstone–Dale and Newton. These approaches were proposed as adequate to predict the refractive indices of mixtures containing imidazolium-based ILs with water or ethanol. It requires just the knowledge of the density and refractive index of pure components to obtain the value of refractive index of binary mixtures at any composition. We have selected 30 binary systems that contain ILs from imidazolium, ammonium, pyrrolidinium, and pyridinium families for validation. The tested data comprise of more than 400 mixture points. The results are presented in terms of average percentage deviations (APDs) from the experimental values. The Gladstone–Dale method gives better results compared to the Newton approach. The reasons why these approaches give large APDs for some mixtures are discussed in the manuscript.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"12 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kareem Ayman, Yaser M. Asal, Ahmad M. Mohammad, Islam M. Al-Akraa
This study aims at investigating the catalytic performance of Pd, Pd/Pt, and Pd/Au nanocatalysts toward the 2-propanol electro-oxidation reaction (2POR) in an alkaline medium. The catalyst components (Pd, Pt, and Au) were sequentially electrodeposited onto the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface and further characterized using electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (CV)) and materials (field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX)) characterization methods. The Pd/Au/GC catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity in terms of the highest oxidation current (0.386 mA) and the highest stability in terms of the highest obtained current after 1800 s of continuous electrolysis. This behaviour was attributed to the enhancement in the charge transfer kinetics where the Pd/Au/GC catalysts acquired the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct, 1.85 kΩ) during the 2POR.
{"title":"Efficient Electro-Oxidation of 2-Propanol at Platinum- and Gold-Modified Palladium Nanocatalysts","authors":"Kareem Ayman, Yaser M. Asal, Ahmad M. Mohammad, Islam M. Al-Akraa","doi":"10.1155/2023/6674344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6674344","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at investigating the catalytic performance of Pd, Pd/Pt, and Pd/Au nanocatalysts toward the 2-propanol electro-oxidation reaction (2POR) in an alkaline medium. The catalyst components (Pd, Pt, and Au) were sequentially electrodeposited onto the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface and further characterized using electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (CV)) and materials (field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX)) characterization methods. The Pd/Au/GC catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity in terms of the highest oxidation current (0.386 mA) and the highest stability in terms of the highest obtained current after 1800 s of continuous electrolysis. This behaviour was attributed to the enhancement in the charge transfer kinetics where the Pd/Au/GC catalysts acquired the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct, 1.85 kΩ) during the 2POR.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"45 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tshikani D. Rikhotso, Kgomotso W. Poopedi, Winston Nxumalo, Tlabo C. Leboho
Indole-containing compounds are widely distributed in the plant and animal kingdom, and their biological activity and pharmacological properties have prompted research into their chemical properties. This study developed a one-pot methodology for the synthesis of 3-aminoindole derivatives using copper- and ligand-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction conditions. The synthesised 3-aminoindole derivatives were confirmed using spectroscopic techniques. The resulting 3-aminoindole derivatives were biologically evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum. For example, indole derivatives 10a (7.813 µM) and 10j (8.332 µM) were the most active derivatives in the CAS and ADC media, respectively.
{"title":"Copper- and Ligand-Free Sonogashira Cross-Coupling: Access to Novel 3-Aminoindole Derivatives and Their Biological Evaluations","authors":"Tshikani D. Rikhotso, Kgomotso W. Poopedi, Winston Nxumalo, Tlabo C. Leboho","doi":"10.1155/2023/6668609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6668609","url":null,"abstract":"Indole-containing compounds are widely distributed in the plant and animal kingdom, and their biological activity and pharmacological properties have prompted research into their chemical properties. This study developed a one-pot methodology for the synthesis of 3-aminoindole derivatives using copper- and ligand-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction conditions. The synthesised 3-aminoindole derivatives were confirmed using spectroscopic techniques. The resulting 3-aminoindole derivatives were biologically evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum. For example, indole derivatives 10a (7.813 µM) and 10j (8.332 µM) were the most active derivatives in the CAS and ADC media, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"21 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary W. Kagika, Sumesh C. Chhabra, James O. M. Nonoh, Ahmed Hassanali
Background of the Study. Capparis fascicularis DC. is an indigenous medicinal plant belonging to the family Capparaceae found in Nyandarua County, Nairobi, Kenya, and many parts of Africa. It is a shrub whose roots are used traditionally to treat colds. Aim. The aim of the present study is to carry out antimicrobial activities of solvent extracts of different parts of Capparis fascicularis, characterize the phytochemical constituents of the most active extract, and identify the most active compounds. Place and Duration of the Study. All the experiments were carried out in the departments of Chemistry and Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. Methodology. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts from the leaves, stem bark, and root bark of C. fascicularis were screened against selected strains of both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli) bacteria using disc diffusion and tube dilution methods. Fractionation of the most active crude extract was carried out by column chromatography, and the fractions together with the most active crude extract were screened against the selected bacterial strains. The most active fraction was further fractionated, and the subfractions were screened against the bacterial strains to test for possible synergistic effects between the subfractions and their constituents. The most active fraction was then analysed by GC-MS and LC-ESI-MS methods to identify the major constituents. Results. The ethyl acetate extract of C. fascicularis root bark (CFR2) showed a significant in vitro antibacterial activity. From the seven fractions of CFR2 obtained, fraction 2 (F2) had the lowest MIC value and was thus most active. Moreover, F2 was found to be more active compared to the four subfractions obtained from it. This suggested that constituents of F2 worked in synergy. Fraction 2 contained phenols, terpenes, and flavonoids. Two compounds were identified by GC-MS as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, while three compounds were identified by LC-ESI-MS as tanshinone II A, cryptotanshinone, and danshensu. Conclusion. The study revealed that CFR2 is the most active extract on bacteria, suggesting that most antimicrobial compounds are concentrated in the roots of C. fascicularis. A follow-up study is directed towards chromatographic separations to obtain the other chemical constituents and screen them against various strains of bacteria.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activities of Some Constituents Isolated from a Kenyan Medicinal Plant, Capparis fascicularis DC","authors":"Mary W. Kagika, Sumesh C. Chhabra, James O. M. Nonoh, Ahmed Hassanali","doi":"10.1155/2023/6114501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6114501","url":null,"abstract":"Background of the Study. Capparis fascicularis DC. is an indigenous medicinal plant belonging to the family Capparaceae found in Nyandarua County, Nairobi, Kenya, and many parts of Africa. It is a shrub whose roots are used traditionally to treat colds. Aim. The aim of the present study is to carry out antimicrobial activities of solvent extracts of different parts of Capparis fascicularis, characterize the phytochemical constituents of the most active extract, and identify the most active compounds. Place and Duration of the Study. All the experiments were carried out in the departments of Chemistry and Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. Methodology. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts from the leaves, stem bark, and root bark of C. fascicularis were screened against selected strains of both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli) bacteria using disc diffusion and tube dilution methods. Fractionation of the most active crude extract was carried out by column chromatography, and the fractions together with the most active crude extract were screened against the selected bacterial strains. The most active fraction was further fractionated, and the subfractions were screened against the bacterial strains to test for possible synergistic effects between the subfractions and their constituents. The most active fraction was then analysed by GC-MS and LC-ESI-MS methods to identify the major constituents. Results. The ethyl acetate extract of C. fascicularis root bark (CFR2) showed a significant in vitro antibacterial activity. From the seven fractions of CFR2 obtained, fraction 2 (F2) had the lowest MIC value and was thus most active. Moreover, F2 was found to be more active compared to the four subfractions obtained from it. This suggested that constituents of F2 worked in synergy. Fraction 2 contained phenols, terpenes, and flavonoids. Two compounds were identified by GC-MS as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, while three compounds were identified by LC-ESI-MS as tanshinone II A, cryptotanshinone, and danshensu. Conclusion. The study revealed that CFR2 is the most active extract on bacteria, suggesting that most antimicrobial compounds are concentrated in the roots of C. fascicularis. A follow-up study is directed towards chromatographic separations to obtain the other chemical constituents and screen them against various strains of bacteria.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"2004 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jote Dame, Feyisa Wedajo, Guyo Jilo Molole, Abera Gure
This paper proposes salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction for selective extraction of a Cr (VI)-1,5-diphenylcarbazide complex before its determination by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Parameters affecting the complexation process and the extraction efficiency of the method were studied. The highest extraction efficiency was obtained when acetonitrile was used as an extraction solvent and (NH4)2SO4 was used as a salting-out agent. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve constructed at seven concentration points exhibited good linearity from 0.015 to 2.00 mg/L with a 0.9973 coefficient of determination. The method’s detection and quantification limits were 0.004 and 0.015 mg/L, respectively. The method showed a 5.8 enrichment factor. The intra- and inter-day precisions studied at two concentration levels (0.75 and 1.25 mg/L) showed relative standard deviation values of <9.0. The recoveries of the spiked water samples at the two concentration levels ranged from 88.0 ± 2.5 to 97.3 ± 0.1%. The method demonstrated negligible interferences (<5%) for Fe, Cu, V, and Cd up to 500 mg/L. The findings showed that the method is simple, rapid, efficient, and selective to be used as an alternative procedure for analyzing Cr (VI) from water and other related matrices.
{"title":"Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Cr (VI) from Water Samples before Its Determination by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry","authors":"Jote Dame, Feyisa Wedajo, Guyo Jilo Molole, Abera Gure","doi":"10.1155/2023/8857010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8857010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction for selective extraction of a Cr (VI)-1,5-diphenylcarbazide complex before its determination by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Parameters affecting the complexation process and the extraction efficiency of the method were studied. The highest extraction efficiency was obtained when acetonitrile was used as an extraction solvent and (NH4)2SO4 was used as a salting-out agent. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve constructed at seven concentration points exhibited good linearity from 0.015 to 2.00 mg/L with a 0.9973 coefficient of determination. The method’s detection and quantification limits were 0.004 and 0.015 mg/L, respectively. The method showed a 5.8 enrichment factor. The intra- and inter-day precisions studied at two concentration levels (0.75 and 1.25 mg/L) showed relative standard deviation values of <9.0. The recoveries of the spiked water samples at the two concentration levels ranged from 88.0 ± 2.5 to 97.3 ± 0.1%. The method demonstrated negligible interferences (<5%) for Fe, Cu, V, and Cd up to 500 mg/L. The findings showed that the method is simple, rapid, efficient, and selective to be used as an alternative procedure for analyzing Cr (VI) from water and other related matrices.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"99 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136018844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Arun, M. Deivanayaki, Selvakumar Kuppusamy Vaithilingam
A Casson nanoparticle is used in this study to investigate the effects of toxic reactions, temperatures, and concentrations on convective heat transfer flow across a stretching/shrinking vertical sheet. The goal is to convert the control linear partial differential equations (PDEs) into an ordinary differential equations (ODEs) set and analyses them statistically using the Bvp4c technique in MATLAB software. It is necessary to look how various variables, such as the Casson nanofluid measurement, the chemical change constants and Prandtl numbers, the concentration-thermal-buoyancy ratio, the microorganism-to-thermal-buoyancy rate of return, the Lewis number, and other bioconvection-related parameters (such as the variation in micro-organism concentration and the buoyancy parameter), affect each other. The numerical results of the velocity, temperature, concentration, and bioconvection flow profiles are displayed.
{"title":"Bioconvection Flow in the Presence of Casson Nanoparticles on a Stretching/Shrinking Vertical Sheet with Chemical Reaction","authors":"B. Arun, M. Deivanayaki, Selvakumar Kuppusamy Vaithilingam","doi":"10.1155/2023/6199200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6199200","url":null,"abstract":"A Casson nanoparticle is used in this study to investigate the effects of toxic reactions, temperatures, and concentrations on convective heat transfer flow across a stretching/shrinking vertical sheet. The goal is to convert the control linear partial differential equations (PDEs) into an ordinary differential equations (ODEs) set and analyses them statistically using the Bvp4c technique in MATLAB software. It is necessary to look how various variables, such as the Casson nanofluid measurement, the chemical change constants and Prandtl numbers, the concentration-thermal-buoyancy ratio, the microorganism-to-thermal-buoyancy rate of return, the Lewis number, and other bioconvection-related parameters (such as the variation in micro-organism concentration and the buoyancy parameter), affect each other. The numerical results of the velocity, temperature, concentration, and bioconvection flow profiles are displayed.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"507 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazish Mumtaz, Muhammad Imran, Ayesha Javaid, Shoomaila Latif, Nazim Hussain, Liviu Mitu
There is an increased trend of drug delivery via skin due to its convenience and affordability. To accomplish this task in a better way and more successfully, nanotechnology has opened the door to transport drugs for the treatment of acute diseases in unique ways. For partially solvable drugs especially, designing new drug transportation systems is always challenging. However, it has been fixed by utilizing nanomaterials as effective carriers for drugs. These carriers allow the controlled and continuous drug release at the specific spotted site and have been successfully manipulated for the creation of innovative drug-delivery systems. These innovative systems are applied to overcome the challenge of reduced water solubility that may improve the drug accessibility, sustained release, and high metabolic stability. The prime emphasis of this review is particularly on the universal routes of drug administration through the skin, limitations of conventional drug delivery systems (DDS), and types and properties of nanomaterials (NMs) used. Recent advancements in NMs such as carbon-based NMs, inorganic-/metal-based NMs, polymeric NMs, and hybrid NMs for drug delivery and their mode of action have been summarized. This review further discusses existing constraints and difficulties that impede the integration of nanomaterials from research to practice, as well as recommendations for more efficient use of nanomaterials in a number of diseases.
{"title":"Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery through Skin to Treat Various Diseases: Recent Trends and Future Perspective","authors":"Nazish Mumtaz, Muhammad Imran, Ayesha Javaid, Shoomaila Latif, Nazim Hussain, Liviu Mitu","doi":"10.1155/2023/3861758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3861758","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increased trend of drug delivery via skin due to its convenience and affordability. To accomplish this task in a better way and more successfully, nanotechnology has opened the door to transport drugs for the treatment of acute diseases in unique ways. For partially solvable drugs especially, designing new drug transportation systems is always challenging. However, it has been fixed by utilizing nanomaterials as effective carriers for drugs. These carriers allow the controlled and continuous drug release at the specific spotted site and have been successfully manipulated for the creation of innovative drug-delivery systems. These innovative systems are applied to overcome the challenge of reduced water solubility that may improve the drug accessibility, sustained release, and high metabolic stability. The prime emphasis of this review is particularly on the universal routes of drug administration through the skin, limitations of conventional drug delivery systems (DDS), and types and properties of nanomaterials (NMs) used. Recent advancements in NMs such as carbon-based NMs, inorganic-/metal-based NMs, polymeric NMs, and hybrid NMs for drug delivery and their mode of action have been summarized. This review further discusses existing constraints and difficulties that impede the integration of nanomaterials from research to practice, as well as recommendations for more efficient use of nanomaterials in a number of diseases.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135994118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghulam Rabani, Muhammad Dilshad, Aamir Sohail, Aqsa Salman, Saba Ibrahim, Iqra Zafar, Hafiz Muhammad Arshad
This study explores the biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using Bacillus circulans bacterial supernatant as an inexpensive and sustainable alternative to traditional synthesis approaches. The resulting nanoparticles were found to have a uniform size distribution and a spherical shape and agglomerated to form clusters as observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average diameter of IONPs determined using SEM was 18.37 nm. Characterization using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the synthesis of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles, with a crystallite size of 13.84 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed the surface functional groups of IONPs. Additionally, the IONPs were evaluated for antioxidant activity using the DPPH and ABTS assays, displaying 39.44% inhibition of ABTS radical cations and 35.44% DPPH scavenging. Calcination of IONPs for two hours at 300°C resulted in the conversion to the hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase, with a crystallite size of 23.18 nm, and slightly lower antioxidant activity, 35.04% inhibition of ABTS radical cations, and 26.5% DPPH scavenging.
{"title":"Extracellular Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using an Extract of Bacillus circulans: Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity","authors":"Ghulam Rabani, Muhammad Dilshad, Aamir Sohail, Aqsa Salman, Saba Ibrahim, Iqra Zafar, Hafiz Muhammad Arshad","doi":"10.1155/2023/4659034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4659034","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using Bacillus circulans bacterial supernatant as an inexpensive and sustainable alternative to traditional synthesis approaches. The resulting nanoparticles were found to have a uniform size distribution and a spherical shape and agglomerated to form clusters as observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average diameter of IONPs determined using SEM was 18.37 nm. Characterization using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the synthesis of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles, with a crystallite size of 13.84 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed the surface functional groups of IONPs. Additionally, the IONPs were evaluated for antioxidant activity using the DPPH and ABTS assays, displaying 39.44% inhibition of ABTS radical cations and 35.44% DPPH scavenging. Calcination of IONPs for two hours at 300°C resulted in the conversion to the hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase, with a crystallite size of 23.18 nm, and slightly lower antioxidant activity, 35.04% inhibition of ABTS radical cations, and 26.5% DPPH scavenging.","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136079245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retracted: Optimization of Flash Extraction of Akebia trifoliata Seed Oil by the Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology and Comparison of Oil Yields from Different Origins","authors":"Journal of Chemistry","doi":"10.1155/2023/9897156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9897156","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":15348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemistry","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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