Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry最新文献

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the rate of self-medication among dental students and any differences and/or associations between self-medication, self-assessment and knowledge among students in later years of the same study.

Material and methods: The study was conducted between April and July 2020 at the School of Dental medicine, University of Zagreb. All students were given access to an online survey to learn more about their self-medication habits, pharmacological knowledge and analgesic self-assessment. The experimental research group consisted of 120 third- to sixth-year students (n = 120), while the control group consisted of 30 first- and second-year students who had not taken any pharmacology courses.

Results: Even 110 students (91.67%) reported self-medication, with ibuprofen being the most prevalent analgesic (70%). Fifth-year students showed a statistically significant difference in all knowledge-related questions compared to third- and fourth-year students (p=0.0015 and p=0.002, respectively). In addition, in the self-assessment statements across all study years, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was also noticed. The feeling of willingness to prescribe analgesics behaved according to the increasing pattern over the years of study.

Conclusions: A statistically significant difference in self-medication, self-assessment and knowledge among dental students over the years, with the alarmingly high prevalence of self-medication among them, was observed. Because effective dental practice requires a thorough knowledge of pharmaceuticals, it is vital to continually expand and refine students' understanding of the use of analgesics in dentistry throughout their undergraduate studies. Key words:Analgesics, Self Medication, Self-Assessment, Knowledge, Dentistry, Students.

Background: Dental anxiety is a frequent reason for reluctance in young children, leading to challenges in delivering effective dental treatment due to their uncooperative behavior. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different behaviour management techniques while administrating injectable LA with minimum pain perception and anxiety in children.

Material and methods: One hundred and twenty children, aged 4 to 10 years, were equally and randomly assigned to four groups. In Group I, local anesthesia was administered while using wireless headphones. For Group II, local anesthesia was administered using a mobile phone with earpieces. Group III received local anesthesia while incorporating the 3D virtual reality eyewear method and Group IV received local anesthesia while utilizing the stress ball technique. Pain and anxiety assessments were conducted using various scales and Physiological parameters such as pulse rate and oxygen saturation levels were recorded and the resultant data were systematically tabulated for subsequent statistical analysis.

Results: Virtual reality group showed highly significant result in terms of lowering anxiety and pain scores compared to audio, audio visual, stress ball groups (p<0.001). Virtual group (5.10) also displays significantly highest behavior scores than the audio (1.70), audio visual group (3.96) and Stress Ball groups (2.66).

Conclusions: The virtual reality group emerged as the most effective method in alleviating anxiety and pain experienced by pediatric dental patients. Key words:Pain management, Anxiety, Distraction, Virtual reality device, Stress ball, Audiovisual, Audio.

Background: Esthetics is a factor of great importance for most patients undergoing treatment with Invisalign® aligners. When choosing a resin composite for the bonding of attachments required for the treatment, ideal characteristics such as low visibility and stain resistance of the material are essential to increase the overall perceived esthetics of the treatment. The objective of this article was to evaluate the esthetics of two resin composites used for attachment reproduction: the Transbond XT® from 3M® and the Tetric EvoCeram® from Ivoclar Vivadent®.

Material and methods: An analytic, observational, longitudinal, and prospective study was done. Attachments were bonded on 51 patients, and a dental survey about esthetics was given 3 months after the bonding of attachments. The Student's t-test and 1-factor ANOVA tests were used, when the variables were normal, and the nonparametric alternative of the tests was used when they were not distributed normally.

Results: The results indicate that there are no statistically significant differences (p>.05) in the esthetic perception of attachments according to the type of composite used.

Conclusions: Even if some differences are observed between the resins, both Transbond XT® and Tetric EvoCeram® can be considered for attachments bonding from an esthetical point of view. Key words:Clear aligner therapy/Dental bonding/Orthodontic appliance/Dental Esthetics.

Background: The use of enzymatic chemical agents are papain-based materials used in the selective removal of decayed dentin tissue, assisting in conservative techniques and reducing the chances of accidental pulp exposure.

Material and methods: A research protocol was subjected to and approved by an Ethics Committee. Using a reporting guide for laboratory studies (CRIS). Healthy human teeth comprised the produced dentin discs subjected to polishing and washing in an ultrasonic bath. Next, the discs received material application according to the experimental groups: water-soluble gel for two minutes, 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds in dentin and 30 seconds in enamel, Papacárie Duo (PD) for 30 seconds and two minutes, and Brix 3000 (BX) for two minutes and 30 seconds. The measurement of material pH used solutions at concentrations of 0.1 ml and 2.7 ml prepared for each enzymatic agent. Then, a bench pH meter (n=10) and pH indicator strips determined pH values. The discs underwent the Knoop hardness test (n=10). The sample calculation was performed using the GPower software with α = 0.05, effect 0.63 and power of 95%. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for pH, one way ANOVA supplemented by Tukey for knoop hardness and Spearman correlation for pH measurement techniques.

Results: The enamel hardness findings indicated that, after material application, ECAs do not statistically differ from water-soluble gel (p<0.05). The dentinal hardness analysis presented a statistical difference in phosphoric acid from the other groups (p<0.05). In the pH test, BX values were lower (4.37 ± 0.01) than PD (4.85 ± 0.06). The groups statistically differed (p<0.05).

Conclusions: ECAs for removing decayed dentin tissue did not significantly alter the hardness of enamel and dentin, removal of the smear layer is time-dependent and presents acidity. Key words:Dental caries, Hardness, Dental materials, Papain.

Background: Osteosarcomas in the maxillofacial region are rare and present different clinical and epidemiological aspects than those diagnosed in the long bones. This retrospective cross-sectional observational study aimed to report the characteristics of osteosarcomas of the jaws diagnosed in an oral pathology reference laboratory.

Material and methods: Information (gender, location of origin, age, symptoms, lesion evolution time, and clinical appearance) regarding the cases diagnosed as osteosarcomas between 2001 and 2023 were obtained from histopathology reports, exam request forms, and clinical photographs. All radiographs were evaluated on a high-resolution screen by a previously trained radiologist. A 20-year experienced pathologist reviewed the histopathological slides and determined the predominant matrix of the lesions: osteoblastic, chondroblastic, or fibroblastic.

Results: Seventeen out of 33,692 cases diagnosed by the oral pathology laboratory over 22 years were osteosarcomas and 10 were included for analysis. The majority were diagnosed in males (60%) and the overall mean age was 37.8±21.6 years. A swollen, reddish, and ulcerated area was the most common clinical appearance. The mean evolution time of the lesions was 5.2±6.6 months. The majority of osteosarcomas were histologically classified as osteoblastic (80%). The radiographic appearance of the lesions was predominantly mixed (60%), presenting tooth resorption (44.4%) or displacement (33.3%), pericementum thickening (55.5%), mandibular canal erosion (71.4%) and sunray periosteal reaction (80%).

Conclusions: The osteosarcomas of the jaws are predominantly osteoblastic with a swollen, reddish, and ulcerated clinical appearance. Imaging exams reveal mixed lesions with sunray periosteal reaction. Key words:Oral Pathology, Radiology, Osteosarcoma, Imaging diagnosis.

Background: Down Syndrome (DS) presents with systemic, craniofacial and oral alterations accompanied by different levels of intellectual disability and because of this, they frequently require professional dental care. Objective: This work aims to know the dental care patients with DS receive from dentists in the Balearic Islands.

Material and methods: An 11-question survey was carried out via email from the College of Dentists of the Balearic Islands. The researchers conducted the survey based on previous researchs. The first three questions refered the professional´s profile (age, sex and years since graduation) and the restant 8 were focused on the academic training and dental care provided to patients with DS.

Results: 129 surveys were collected. 40.45% were between 34-43 years old, 67.84% were women, and 32.16% were men. 33.30% had been in professional practice for between 15-24 years, followed by those with 4-14 years with 27.33% and those with 25-34 years with 24.04%. 81.64% received undergraduate academic training, and 60.72% completed training after graduating. 57.17% believe that patients with DS should be treated by a dentist specialised in special patients, 20.67% by a pediatric dentist, and 18.87% by a general dentist. 63.40% perform sealing, fillings or dental extractions, 60.6% perform oral examination, oral cleaning and give prophylaxis instructions, and 26.72% state that they perform endodontic treatments. Significant differences were found between some of the variables analysed and the age, sex, academic training or professional scenario of the professionals.

Conclusions: Post-graduate training increases the likelihood that dentists will feel comfortable with sealing-filling-extraction treatments by 7.48 times and endodontic treatments by 3.26 times. Key words:Down Syndrome, Trisomy 21, Surveys and Questionnaires, Dental Care for Children, Oral Health.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the flexural strength of dental adhesives containing different combinations of photoinitiators systems.

Material and methods: The organic matrix of the experimental adhesives was created using a blend of monomers: 50% by weight bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and 50% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The photoinitiators utilized were camphorquinone (CQ) and phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO), with diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHFP) and 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as co-initiators. These photoinitiators and co-initiators were integrated into the organic matrix at a concentration of 0.5% by mass, resulting in the formation of 6 groups (n=12): CQ/DMAEMA (control); CQ/DMAEMA/DPIHFP; BAPO; BAPO/DMAEMA; BAPO/DPIHFP and BAPO/DMAEMA/DPIHFP. Samples measuring 7 mm in length, 2 mm in width, and 1 mm in height were prepared and subjected to a three-point flexural test. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test (α=0.05).

Results: Results indicated that groups incorporating BAPO and DPIHFP exhibited higher flexural strength compared to those with CQ and DMAEMA. The BAPO/DPIHFP group achieved the highest mean flexural strength values (p<0.001).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that using adhesive systems with alternative photoinitiators and co-initiators can lead to superior flexural strength compared to conventional systems. Key words:Photoinitiators, Dentin-bonding agents, Light-curing.

Background: Absorbable gelatin sponges are able to reduce the incidence of post-extraction complications when soaked with antimicrobial agents. However, the drawbacks associated with the injudicious use of antibiotics warrant the need to explore alternatives to the existing drugs. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an absorbable gelatin sponge soaked in a combination of aloe vera and pineapple extracts in reducing post-operative pain and improving the healing rate following dental extractions.

Material and methods: Patients aged 18 to 60 years undergoing a single dental extraction of a posterior tooth were provided with either plain absorbable gelatin sponge (control group) or absorbable gelatin sponge soaked in freshly prepared solution of aloe vera gel and pineapple extracts. The pain levels were measured after one, three, seven, and fourteen days post-extraction. The socket healing status was evaluated by Landry Turnbull and Howley Index after one and two weeks post-extraction respectively.

Results: The mean pain was significantly less (p<0.05) for patients in the experimental group on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days as compared to the patients in the control group. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in the healing status between the two groups at any time interval.

Conclusions: The present study found the combination of aloe vera gel and pineapple extracts to be effective in reducing post-operative pain following dental extractions. While the improvement in the healing rate failed to reach statistical significance in the present study, generally less inflammation was observed in sockets treated with absorbable gelatin sponge soaked in the a combination of aloe vera and pineapple extracts. Key words:Post-extraction pain, Socket healing, Aloe Vera, Bromelain.

Vascular anomalies are classified in two categories, vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Among the latter, venous malformations are the second most common vascular anomalies. In addition to pain and/or increase of volume, venous malformations can lead to phlebolith formation with time. We present the case of a female patient of 17 years of age, with a tumoration of four centimeters of diameter, located in the submentonian region, with nine calcified foci identified by three-dimension reconstruction. The calcifications were studied with scanning electron microscopy, detecting mainly the presence of carbon, oxygen and calcium. Regarding the tissue organization, it was possible to observe the development of filamentous aggregates of carbon macroparticles. As an important part of the evaluation for diagnostics and for the treatment of vascular anomalies, it is necessary to do a complete clinical history, and the clinic evaluation of the lesion should be complemented with imagenology studies. This will allow identification of the size and extension of the lesion and the presence of calcifications, which must be considered as a presumptuous diagnosis to vascular lesion. Key words:Vascular anomalies, vascular tumors, vascular malformations, phlebolith.

Background: Modern dental caries prevention methods have focused on using herbal products that ideally inhibit the critical cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans). The present study compared antibacterial efficacy of the resveratrol herbal extract and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).

Material and methods: In this in vitro study the pure powder of resveratrol (Bulksupplement) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide as its solvent to produce a 1000-µg/mL concentration of resveratrol solution, which was later used at different dilutions. The antibacterial effects of resveratrol solution and 0.12% CHX mouthrinse on the standard strain of S. mutans were determined using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test in a tube, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test in a solid medium, and a well diffusion test to measure the zone of inhibition. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni, and Man-Whitney tests (α=0.05).

Results: The MIC and MBC of resveratrol was 250 µg/mL. In addition, this extract exhibited a diameter of 6.67 mm for the inhibition zone at only the 1000-µg/mL concentration. The MIC of CHX was 15.6 µg/mL, and its MBC was 31.25 µg/mL. The highest growth inhibition zone of CHX was 16.67 mm.

Conclusions: Resveratrol extract exhibited a dose-dependent antibacterial (bacteriostatic and bactericidal) activity against S. mutans. Although it was not as effective as CHX, it might be a suitable alternative to prevent dental caries. Key words:Antibacterial agents, Chlorhexidine digluconate, mouthwashe, resveratrol, streptococcus mutans.