The integration of renewable energy sources(RES) and electric vehicles' charging and swapping facilities can effectively improve the efficiency of clean energy utilization and carbon emission reduction. How to establish a reasonable energy exchange model of PV-based battery switch stations (BSSs) is still an important research field which is being studied. This paper focuses on the model building about energy exchange in PV-based BSSs. According to the battery swapping demand of EVs, the basic principles of energy exchange strategy is proposed, then the battery swap service model and power distribution model is established. Analysis about the system balance of power and energy validates the rationality of the optimization model. The proposed model can provide foundation for the planning and design of the PV-based BSSs.
{"title":"Energy exchange model of PV-based battery switch stations based on battery swap service and power distribution","authors":"Zheng Chen, Nian Liu, Xiangning Xiao, Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671681","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of renewable energy sources(RES) and electric vehicles' charging and swapping facilities can effectively improve the efficiency of clean energy utilization and carbon emission reduction. How to establish a reasonable energy exchange model of PV-based battery switch stations (BSSs) is still an important research field which is being studied. This paper focuses on the model building about energy exchange in PV-based BSSs. According to the battery swapping demand of EVs, the basic principles of energy exchange strategy is proposed, then the battery swap service model and power distribution model is established. Analysis about the system balance of power and energy validates the rationality of the optimization model. The proposed model can provide foundation for the planning and design of the PV-based BSSs.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124663070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645336
Byungchul Kim, O. Lavrova
Buildings account for about 40% of total energy consumption. Efficient building energy control can considerably reduce energy costs. A smart grid takes advantage of bi-directional energy and information flow between the utility grid and the energy user. Smart buildings can charge or discharge energy or power from multiple buildings (multi-agent systems) using smart meters via battery storage in the smart buildings. However, there is very little research on how to share energy among multi-agent systems and optimal power flow among smart buildings (multi-agent systems) in the smart grid. In this paper, the authors use an advanced optimization method to present optimal power flow and energy-sharing among smart buildings. With this research, it is expected that this method can improve the smart grid optimal power flow and energy-sharing stability among smart buildings, and enhance energy dissipation balance to reach stability among many smart buildings in the smart grid.
{"title":"Optimal power flow and energy-sharing among multi-agent smart buildings in the smart grid","authors":"Byungchul Kim, O. Lavrova","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645336","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings account for about 40% of total energy consumption. Efficient building energy control can considerably reduce energy costs. A smart grid takes advantage of bi-directional energy and information flow between the utility grid and the energy user. Smart buildings can charge or discharge energy or power from multiple buildings (multi-agent systems) using smart meters via battery storage in the smart buildings. However, there is very little research on how to share energy among multi-agent systems and optimal power flow among smart buildings (multi-agent systems) in the smart grid. In this paper, the authors use an advanced optimization method to present optimal power flow and energy-sharing among smart buildings. With this research, it is expected that this method can improve the smart grid optimal power flow and energy-sharing stability among smart buildings, and enhance energy dissipation balance to reach stability among many smart buildings in the smart grid.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125044727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645332
Qingyu Yang, Dou An, Wei Yu
Real-time measurement and control are essential in electrical power grid systems and the timing requirements (such as time synchronization) on the measurement and control of power grid are critical. The IEEE 1588, as a precision clock synchronization protocol, was proposed to guarantee the precise clock synchronization in nanoseconds and has broad applications in power grid systems. In this paper, we first describe the modeling of the time synchronization process in the IEEE 1588 and analyze the impact of delay asymmetry, which can be exploited by the adversary to disrupt the time synchronization process. We then investigate a feasible attack workflow based on the attack model and discuss discuss countermeasures to defend against such an attack. We conduct experiments to validate the effectiveness of the investigated attack. Our experimental data matches with our theoretical findings well and show that our investigated attack can effectively disrupt the time synchronization process in the IEEE 1588.
{"title":"On time desynchronization attack against IEEE 1588 protocol in power grid systems","authors":"Qingyu Yang, Dou An, Wei Yu","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645332","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time measurement and control are essential in electrical power grid systems and the timing requirements (such as time synchronization) on the measurement and control of power grid are critical. The IEEE 1588, as a precision clock synchronization protocol, was proposed to guarantee the precise clock synchronization in nanoseconds and has broad applications in power grid systems. In this paper, we first describe the modeling of the time synchronization process in the IEEE 1588 and analyze the impact of delay asymmetry, which can be exploited by the adversary to disrupt the time synchronization process. We then investigate a feasible attack workflow based on the attack model and discuss discuss countermeasures to defend against such an attack. We conduct experiments to validate the effectiveness of the investigated attack. Our experimental data matches with our theoretical findings well and show that our investigated attack can effectively disrupt the time synchronization process in the IEEE 1588.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115555949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645286
Swapnakumari B. Patil, A. Mulla, S. Katre
This analyze applies a fresh approach to deliver continuing and protective power for implantable medical devices (IMDs) employing a microbial fuel cell (MFC) which was considered to be placed in human large intestine and could employ intestinal fluid and microorganisms to generate power. Based on the anatomic physique and internal ambient circumstances of large intestine, transverse colon was selected to be the adequate position for the implantation of MFC. The operation of the MFC which approximated the surrounding factors of transverse colon by managing dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH and was inoculated with approximated intestinal fluid (SIF) was analyzed. Consistent power generation of MFC was acquired after couple of months conduct with open circuit voltage (OCV) of 550.2 mV, maximum power density of 72.3mW/m2, and average voltage output of 305mV(with external resistance of 200). Additionally, the changes of circumstances in the single chamber of MFC did not have a notable impact on human body based on the analysis of pH and DO values. Likewise analyzes on internal resistance and power density showed that the MFC could drive power of 59mW according to the size of intestinal area, which was sufficient for IMDs. These consequence shows that MFCs located in large intestine could be a good power source for IMDs.
{"title":"A single chamber microbial fuel cell as power supply for implantable medical devices","authors":"Swapnakumari B. Patil, A. Mulla, S. Katre","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645286","url":null,"abstract":"This analyze applies a fresh approach to deliver continuing and protective power for implantable medical devices (IMDs) employing a microbial fuel cell (MFC) which was considered to be placed in human large intestine and could employ intestinal fluid and microorganisms to generate power. Based on the anatomic physique and internal ambient circumstances of large intestine, transverse colon was selected to be the adequate position for the implantation of MFC. The operation of the MFC which approximated the surrounding factors of transverse colon by managing dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH and was inoculated with approximated intestinal fluid (SIF) was analyzed. Consistent power generation of MFC was acquired after couple of months conduct with open circuit voltage (OCV) of 550.2 mV, maximum power density of 72.3mW/m2, and average voltage output of 305mV(with external resistance of 200). Additionally, the changes of circumstances in the single chamber of MFC did not have a notable impact on human body based on the analysis of pH and DO values. Likewise analyzes on internal resistance and power density showed that the MFC could drive power of 59mW according to the size of intestinal area, which was sufficient for IMDs. These consequence shows that MFCs located in large intestine could be a good power source for IMDs.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129028233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645288
Arab AlSharif, M. Das
A time-varying transfer function model for Li-ion batteries is introduced in this paper. Because of its time-varying nature, the proposed model is capable of capturing the charging process better than conventional time-invariant transfer function models. The overall modeling process constitutes a three-step process, namely, estimation of a continuous time-varying model, segmentation of the model parameter estimates, and finally representing the overall process by a group of piecewise time-invariant models. The efficacy of the proposed modeling process is demonstrated by using simulated data collected from a good electrical Li-ion battery model.
{"title":"A time-varying transfer function model for modeling the charging process of a Lithium-ion battery","authors":"Arab AlSharif, M. Das","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645288","url":null,"abstract":"A time-varying transfer function model for Li-ion batteries is introduced in this paper. Because of its time-varying nature, the proposed model is capable of capturing the charging process better than conventional time-invariant transfer function models. The overall modeling process constitutes a three-step process, namely, estimation of a continuous time-varying model, segmentation of the model parameter estimates, and finally representing the overall process by a group of piecewise time-invariant models. The efficacy of the proposed modeling process is demonstrated by using simulated data collected from a good electrical Li-ion battery model.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121194965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645323
V. Liebenau, J. Teuwsen, C. Rehtanz
Network development planning is a central task during the next decades due to the extension of renewable energy generation all over the world. In most countries, the geographic locations of renewable energy systems are not planned by any authority - the process is decentralized. The following analysis shows the effects of regional distribution of smaller power generation units on network development planning. Two different ways of regionalization of wind and photovoltaic power capacity are compared using an AC load flow calculation of the German transmission system. A special effort was made in collecting and structuring all input data for the analysis. This paper aims to sensibilize all those who are responsible to consider the input data intensely and with due diligence.
{"title":"Impact of regionalization methods on network development planning","authors":"V. Liebenau, J. Teuwsen, C. Rehtanz","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645323","url":null,"abstract":"Network development planning is a central task during the next decades due to the extension of renewable energy generation all over the world. In most countries, the geographic locations of renewable energy systems are not planned by any authority - the process is decentralized. The following analysis shows the effects of regional distribution of smaller power generation units on network development planning. Two different ways of regionalization of wind and photovoltaic power capacity are compared using an AC load flow calculation of the German transmission system. A special effort was made in collecting and structuring all input data for the analysis. This paper aims to sensibilize all those who are responsible to consider the input data intensely and with due diligence.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116494855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645358
Jianli Pan, R. Jain, P. Biswas, Weining Wang, Sateesh Addepalli, S. Paul
Energy efficiency for the buildings is vital for the environment and sustainability. Buildings are responsible for significant energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the United States. Using a LEED-gold-certified green office building we built a unique experimental testbed for a multi-disciplinary research project on energy efficiency. We collected the building energy data for almost a year's period through a networked metering infrastructure. In this paper, we systematically evaluate and analyze this data. The findings show that due to the centrally controlled Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning, and Cooling (HAVC) systems, the total energy consumption in large office buildings of this type is not proportional to the actual usage and occupancy. Even correlation to outside weather is low. Through the lessons learned from energy saving efforts in computer industry, we envision an Energy-Proportional Building design in future. The energy consumption of such buildings would be proportional to the actual usage and occupancy. We also discuss the key ideas we learned from computer industry for such buildings.
{"title":"Toward an Energy-Proportional Building prospect: Evaluation and analysis of the energy consumption in a green building testbed","authors":"Jianli Pan, R. Jain, P. Biswas, Weining Wang, Sateesh Addepalli, S. Paul","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645358","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency for the buildings is vital for the environment and sustainability. Buildings are responsible for significant energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the United States. Using a LEED-gold-certified green office building we built a unique experimental testbed for a multi-disciplinary research project on energy efficiency. We collected the building energy data for almost a year's period through a networked metering infrastructure. In this paper, we systematically evaluate and analyze this data. The findings show that due to the centrally controlled Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning, and Cooling (HAVC) systems, the total energy consumption in large office buildings of this type is not proportional to the actual usage and occupancy. Even correlation to outside weather is low. Through the lessons learned from energy saving efforts in computer industry, we envision an Energy-Proportional Building design in future. The energy consumption of such buildings would be proportional to the actual usage and occupancy. We also discuss the key ideas we learned from computer industry for such buildings.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114600740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6775623
H. Jia, Huiying Zhao, Xuefei Wang, Guangyi Liu, Z. Yang
There is an increasing concern about encouraging customer loads to provide demand response to help discipline electricity markets and improve economic efficiency. The implementation of demand response increases the extent of users' participation. Thus proper price-based demand response can result in noticeable peak shifting. Due to the integration of wind turbine, stability of distributed network is taken into consideration. This paper puts forwards models of typical enduse loads and wind turbine, and compares effects of three price strategies on end-use load behavior. Finally how demand response gentles volatility of wind turbine is tested.
{"title":"Effects of different pricing strategies on end-use load with integration of small wind turbine","authors":"H. Jia, Huiying Zhao, Xuefei Wang, Guangyi Liu, Z. Yang","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6775623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6775623","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing concern about encouraging customer loads to provide demand response to help discipline electricity markets and improve economic efficiency. The implementation of demand response increases the extent of users' participation. Thus proper price-based demand response can result in noticeable peak shifting. Due to the integration of wind turbine, stability of distributed network is taken into consideration. This paper puts forwards models of typical enduse loads and wind turbine, and compares effects of three price strategies on end-use load behavior. Finally how demand response gentles volatility of wind turbine is tested.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"53 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126119389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645307
Davion M. Hill, B. Gully, A. Agarwal, A. Nourai, Lora B. Thrun, Scott Swartz, Mark Koslowske, Steve Cummings, Jean Butkowski, Brad Moore
Off gas from Li-ion batteries is becoming a growing concern because the volatile organics emitted are flammable and their unpredictable release represents a safety risk. Recent safety incidents involving Li-based battery chemistries have occurred across automotive, marine, electric grid, and aviation sectors and indicate a need to understand battery failure and the implications for control of the thermal event and the off gas hazard. The work presented summarizes the early results of an ARPA-e AMPED funded study (2012-2015) to qualify a novel sensor for off gas detection. Early results indicate the sensor can detect off gas prior to thermal events. The remainder of the program will address whether the sensor can detect off gas prior to significant failure events and whether battery functionality can be preserved after abuse events. In addition, with enough prior warning from the sensor there is a desire to determine whether it provides suitable control at the fringes of battery performance and also acts as a state of health sensor. The implications for off gas monitoring will be investigated in several contexts including life extension, second life batteries, and the use of batteries in new environments with varying safety considerations.
{"title":"Detection of off gassing from Li-ion batteries","authors":"Davion M. Hill, B. Gully, A. Agarwal, A. Nourai, Lora B. Thrun, Scott Swartz, Mark Koslowske, Steve Cummings, Jean Butkowski, Brad Moore","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645307","url":null,"abstract":"Off gas from Li-ion batteries is becoming a growing concern because the volatile organics emitted are flammable and their unpredictable release represents a safety risk. Recent safety incidents involving Li-based battery chemistries have occurred across automotive, marine, electric grid, and aviation sectors and indicate a need to understand battery failure and the implications for control of the thermal event and the off gas hazard. The work presented summarizes the early results of an ARPA-e AMPED funded study (2012-2015) to qualify a novel sensor for off gas detection. Early results indicate the sensor can detect off gas prior to thermal events. The remainder of the program will address whether the sensor can detect off gas prior to significant failure events and whether battery functionality can be preserved after abuse events. In addition, with enough prior warning from the sensor there is a desire to determine whether it provides suitable control at the fringes of battery performance and also acts as a state of health sensor. The implications for off gas monitoring will be investigated in several contexts including life extension, second life batteries, and the use of batteries in new environments with varying safety considerations.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125062323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645297
Kiyonori Kawamura, Rikiya Kato, S. Bando, Masahito Takahashi
The capacity of installed photovoltaic (PV) generation in Japan is the world's 3rd largest and has been increasing rapidly due to the governmental subsidy and feed-in tariff programs. The rapid increase in PV installations drives electric utilities to various problems on how to operate the electric power systems stably. Then the utilities have to invest heavily in the systems. Under the circumstances, we are researching the possibility of implementing a demand response (DR) program as an alternative measure to the conventional power supply investment against the voltage rise problem in distribution systems with PV. We may be able to realize more efficient investment by the new solution with DR. This paper shows new findings based on our simulations of voltage control by DR in distribution systems with high integration of PV. By the simulations based on the realistic input data, we clarified the economic efficiency and the applicability of DR.
{"title":"Applicability of demand response to voltage control in a distribution system with large integration of rooftop PV","authors":"Kiyonori Kawamura, Rikiya Kato, S. Bando, Masahito Takahashi","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645297","url":null,"abstract":"The capacity of installed photovoltaic (PV) generation in Japan is the world's 3rd largest and has been increasing rapidly due to the governmental subsidy and feed-in tariff programs. The rapid increase in PV installations drives electric utilities to various problems on how to operate the electric power systems stably. Then the utilities have to invest heavily in the systems. Under the circumstances, we are researching the possibility of implementing a demand response (DR) program as an alternative measure to the conventional power supply investment against the voltage rise problem in distribution systems with PV. We may be able to realize more efficient investment by the new solution with DR. This paper shows new findings based on our simulations of voltage control by DR in distribution systems with high integration of PV. By the simulations based on the realistic input data, we clarified the economic efficiency and the applicability of DR.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130005730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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