Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645319
K. Shenai
The dv/dt switching limitations of power semiconductor devices in a boost DC-DC power converter are evaluated using circuit simulations and accurate circuit simulation models. State-of-the-art commercial silicon CoolMOS devices, commercial Silicon Carbide (SiC) power Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBD's), and emerging Gallium Nitride (GaN) power transistors are considered. It is shown that although SiC and GaN power devices have low stored charge and small capacitances, these devices will experience high switching dv/dt stresses which may pose serious switching limitations especially in high-frequency power converters. This problem is likely to be further exacerbated by the presence of a high density of crystal defects in SiC and GaN materials which will manifest in the form of poor field-reliability. Specific guidelines for device selection are developed in order to optimize both performance and field-reliability.
{"title":"High-frequency switching limitations in Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices for boost converter applications","authors":"K. Shenai","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645319","url":null,"abstract":"The dv/dt switching limitations of power semiconductor devices in a boost DC-DC power converter are evaluated using circuit simulations and accurate circuit simulation models. State-of-the-art commercial silicon CoolMOS devices, commercial Silicon Carbide (SiC) power Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBD's), and emerging Gallium Nitride (GaN) power transistors are considered. It is shown that although SiC and GaN power devices have low stored charge and small capacitances, these devices will experience high switching dv/dt stresses which may pose serious switching limitations especially in high-frequency power converters. This problem is likely to be further exacerbated by the presence of a high density of crystal defects in SiC and GaN materials which will manifest in the form of poor field-reliability. Specific guidelines for device selection are developed in order to optimize both performance and field-reliability.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126543019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645296
Md Kamrul Alam khan, S. Paul
Recent days, technology searches for the betterment of the future generations. In a simple way they search for the easiest and cheapest way to electrify the whole world in a environment friendly way. Environment friendliness is obviously a great issue where day by day the world environment is getting polluted due to the toxics of the industry. In this case biomass energy can be a great solution to the problem. This paper aims to analyze one of the biomass electricity production processes electrochemically. Here electricity is generated from the Bryophyllum Leaf (Genus: Kalanchoe).
{"title":"A analytical study on Electrochemistry for PKL (Pathor Kuchi Leaf) electricity generation system","authors":"Md Kamrul Alam khan, S. Paul","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645296","url":null,"abstract":"Recent days, technology searches for the betterment of the future generations. In a simple way they search for the easiest and cheapest way to electrify the whole world in a environment friendly way. Environment friendliness is obviously a great issue where day by day the world environment is getting polluted due to the toxics of the industry. In this case biomass energy can be a great solution to the problem. This paper aims to analyze one of the biomass electricity production processes electrochemically. Here electricity is generated from the Bryophyllum Leaf (Genus: Kalanchoe).","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122745594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645352
V. Niemela, Arvind Ravishunkar, D. Kinzer
Technologies such as Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), Photovoltaics (PV), high efficiency electric motor drives, etc. will reduce energy related emissions and US dependency on fossil fuels and foreign oil. However commercial adoption of these technologies is slow to start due to high price and long financial payback. Silicon (Si) based power electronic systems in the above mentioned technologies form a significant part of the high price. New wide band gap devices such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) transistors are being considered (needed) as an alternative to Si transistors to improve energy efficiency, reduce passive component and thermal management size and cost, and thus reduce the overall cost of ownership to the end consumer. This paper will discuss the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a suitable device type that is ideally suited for the widespread adoption of SiC transistors.
{"title":"SiC BJT minimizes losses in alternative energy applications","authors":"V. Niemela, Arvind Ravishunkar, D. Kinzer","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645352","url":null,"abstract":"Technologies such as Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), Photovoltaics (PV), high efficiency electric motor drives, etc. will reduce energy related emissions and US dependency on fossil fuels and foreign oil. However commercial adoption of these technologies is slow to start due to high price and long financial payback. Silicon (Si) based power electronic systems in the above mentioned technologies form a significant part of the high price. New wide band gap devices such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) transistors are being considered (needed) as an alternative to Si transistors to improve energy efficiency, reduce passive component and thermal management size and cost, and thus reduce the overall cost of ownership to the end consumer. This paper will discuss the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a suitable device type that is ideally suited for the widespread adoption of SiC transistors.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124611578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645317
Yang Hu, M. Hosain, Tarun Jain, Yashwanth R. Gunapati, Lauren Elkin, G. Q. Zhang, R. French
Outdoor testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules plays a critical role in discovering the degradation modes, mechanisms and rates of materials, components and systems under real world climate conditions. The Solar Durability and Lifetime Extension (SDLE) center at Case Western Reserve University has established a highly instrumented outdoor test facility, the SDLE SunFarm. In order to study PV module performance under different climatic conditions, a global SunFarm network was established with nine PV outdoor test beds across the world. Energy CRADLE is an ontology driven database acquisition tool which is being developed to effectively store, analyze and query huge data sets generated by the SunFarms. The data collected from all these data sources will stream back to a MySQL database. A front end user interface was built for the purpose of data inquiry, equipment registration, maintenance, and metrology cross check. Design and characteristics of SunFarms are introduced. SunFarm informatics and two case studies will be discussed in this article.
{"title":"Global SunFarm data acquisition network, energy CRADLE, and time series analysis","authors":"Yang Hu, M. Hosain, Tarun Jain, Yashwanth R. Gunapati, Lauren Elkin, G. Q. Zhang, R. French","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645317","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules plays a critical role in discovering the degradation modes, mechanisms and rates of materials, components and systems under real world climate conditions. The Solar Durability and Lifetime Extension (SDLE) center at Case Western Reserve University has established a highly instrumented outdoor test facility, the SDLE SunFarm. In order to study PV module performance under different climatic conditions, a global SunFarm network was established with nine PV outdoor test beds across the world. Energy CRADLE is an ontology driven database acquisition tool which is being developed to effectively store, analyze and query huge data sets generated by the SunFarms. The data collected from all these data sources will stream back to a MySQL database. A front end user interface was built for the purpose of data inquiry, equipment registration, maintenance, and metrology cross check. Design and characteristics of SunFarms are introduced. SunFarm informatics and two case studies will be discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116552708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645318
Saeed Anwar, A. Elrayyah, Y. Sozer
Decentralized control of a new harmonics distribution method for microgrid is presented in this paper. The compromise between voltage regulation at point of common coupling (PCC) and harmonics sharing is provided. The control algorithm that optimizes microgrid performance regarding these two factors is proposed and its implementation is described. The effect of small error in coupling impedance estimation and a way to resolve the problem is presented. The simulation and experimental results for the proposed configuration are provided.
{"title":"Harmonics elimination and distribution using decentralized control for microgrid applications","authors":"Saeed Anwar, A. Elrayyah, Y. Sozer","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645318","url":null,"abstract":"Decentralized control of a new harmonics distribution method for microgrid is presented in this paper. The compromise between voltage regulation at point of common coupling (PCC) and harmonics sharing is provided. The control algorithm that optimizes microgrid performance regarding these two factors is proposed and its implementation is described. The effect of small error in coupling impedance estimation and a way to resolve the problem is presented. The simulation and experimental results for the proposed configuration are provided.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132230266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645341
A. ALQahtani, M. S. Abu-hamdeh, Y. Alsmadi, V. Utkin
Optimal power tracking techniques are often employed to more effectively extract the power generated from photovoltaic (PV) modules. This paper examines the problem of adjusting PV module's position to maximize the incident irradiation, and hence, the power. It introduces a two-axis rotation control mechanism to track a PV module's maximum power based on the sun's azimuth and elevation angles. The control mechanism uses the sliding mode control method of self-optimization without depending on the astronomical data for the sun trajectory. The power generated depends heavily on the solar intensity (irradiance); however, total irradiance on any inclined surface is the sum of direct irradiance, isotropic sky diffuse irradiance, and ground reflection. The proposed controller architecture efficiently maintains the power around an optimum value, by orienting a PV module to the corresponding azimuth and elevation optimal angles.
{"title":"Photovoltaic power optimization using sliding mode control with a two-axis tracking system","authors":"A. ALQahtani, M. S. Abu-hamdeh, Y. Alsmadi, V. Utkin","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645341","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal power tracking techniques are often employed to more effectively extract the power generated from photovoltaic (PV) modules. This paper examines the problem of adjusting PV module's position to maximize the incident irradiation, and hence, the power. It introduces a two-axis rotation control mechanism to track a PV module's maximum power based on the sun's azimuth and elevation angles. The control mechanism uses the sliding mode control method of self-optimization without depending on the astronomical data for the sun trajectory. The power generated depends heavily on the solar intensity (irradiance); however, total irradiance on any inclined surface is the sum of direct irradiance, isotropic sky diffuse irradiance, and ground reflection. The proposed controller architecture efficiently maintains the power around an optimum value, by orienting a PV module to the corresponding azimuth and elevation optimal angles.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132486178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645357
R. Mitra, W. Uddin, Y. Sozer, I. Husain
Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) has significant ripple in the total output torque production. The torque ripple is reflected in the speed through mechanical dynamics of the drive system. In this paper the ripple in the speed signal is used in closed loop control, to minimize the torque ripple during commutation. The speed signal can be obtained through speed sensor or estimator, which is less complicated and more cost effective than using a torque sensor. In spite of being filtered by the inertia, the ripple information can be extracted from speed signal using signal processing mechanism. This paper shows that properly extracted signal has acceptable correlation in terms of shape with the torque ripple. The acquired ripple information is used for the SRM phase current shaping during commutation and results show that the proper shaping of current in the commutation portion has minimized the torque ripple significantly.
{"title":"Torque ripple minimization of Switched Reluctance Motors using speed signal based phase current profiling","authors":"R. Mitra, W. Uddin, Y. Sozer, I. Husain","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645357","url":null,"abstract":"Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) has significant ripple in the total output torque production. The torque ripple is reflected in the speed through mechanical dynamics of the drive system. In this paper the ripple in the speed signal is used in closed loop control, to minimize the torque ripple during commutation. The speed signal can be obtained through speed sensor or estimator, which is less complicated and more cost effective than using a torque sensor. In spite of being filtered by the inertia, the ripple information can be extracted from speed signal using signal processing mechanism. This paper shows that properly extracted signal has acceptable correlation in terms of shape with the torque ripple. The acquired ripple information is used for the SRM phase current shaping during commutation and results show that the proper shaping of current in the commutation portion has minimized the torque ripple significantly.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116296073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645305
S. Majerus, W. Merrill, S. Garverick
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and BluBerry, LLC have worked to extend the useful operating temperature range of low-cost, bulk CMOS instrumentation and actuation ICs to greater than 200°C. In this manuscript, we review the motivation, challenges, and circuit techniques employed to operate bulk CMOS circuits at extended temperatures. Initial research at CWRU yielded monolithic clock oscillators, instrumentation amplifiers, and sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters capable of stable, high-performance operation beyond 200°C. To demonstrate the industrial potential for this technology, a set of three integrated circuits (ICs) was developed to support distributed engine controls for aerospace applications. The ICs were fabricated in a conventional, 0.5-μm bulk CMOS process and, in combination with a high-temperature microcontroller, include all the circuits required to form a “smart node” capable of providing local, closed-loop control of an aircraft actuator. Operation of the circuits has been demonstrated from -55 to 200°C on representative flight hardware. Long-term testing has shown that the custom ICs can withstand continuous operation at elevated temperatures for more than 4,500 hours with negligible performance shift.
{"title":"Design and long-term operation of high-temperature, bulk-CMOS integrated circuits for instrumentation and control","authors":"S. Majerus, W. Merrill, S. Garverick","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645305","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and BluBerry, LLC have worked to extend the useful operating temperature range of low-cost, bulk CMOS instrumentation and actuation ICs to greater than 200°C. In this manuscript, we review the motivation, challenges, and circuit techniques employed to operate bulk CMOS circuits at extended temperatures. Initial research at CWRU yielded monolithic clock oscillators, instrumentation amplifiers, and sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters capable of stable, high-performance operation beyond 200°C. To demonstrate the industrial potential for this technology, a set of three integrated circuits (ICs) was developed to support distributed engine controls for aerospace applications. The ICs were fabricated in a conventional, 0.5-μm bulk CMOS process and, in combination with a high-temperature microcontroller, include all the circuits required to form a “smart node” capable of providing local, closed-loop control of an aircraft actuator. Operation of the circuits has been demonstrated from -55 to 200°C on representative flight hardware. Long-term testing has shown that the custom ICs can withstand continuous operation at elevated temperatures for more than 4,500 hours with negligible performance shift.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116242474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645334
Prakornchai Phonrattanasak, M. Miyatake, O. Sakamoto
Nowadays some nuclear power plant in Japan is shut down due to problem of security in earthquake disaster. Consequently, Japan will encounter a lack of electrical energy in the future if new electrical generation is not constructed. Solar energy is one of appropriate renewable energy for Japan. Solar panel produces electrical energy by using the natural solar radiation from sun. PV Solar farm consists of multiple components, including the photovoltaic modules, mechanical and electrical connections. PV solar farm with grid-connected can directly connect to the existing electricity grid by using inverter circuit toward transformer. In this paper, PV solar farm is utilized as a power generation which injects active power into a Japan east power system. An optimal location and sizing of solar farm by using multiobjective Bees optimization (MBO) is proposed to minimize fuel and emission costs of overall system with considering solar radiation energy in each area. The results show that the proposed method found the optimal position of solar farm with minimum cost of fuel and environmental pollution.
{"title":"Optimal location and sizing of solar farm on Japan east power system using multiobjective Bees algorithm","authors":"Prakornchai Phonrattanasak, M. Miyatake, O. Sakamoto","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645334","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays some nuclear power plant in Japan is shut down due to problem of security in earthquake disaster. Consequently, Japan will encounter a lack of electrical energy in the future if new electrical generation is not constructed. Solar energy is one of appropriate renewable energy for Japan. Solar panel produces electrical energy by using the natural solar radiation from sun. PV Solar farm consists of multiple components, including the photovoltaic modules, mechanical and electrical connections. PV solar farm with grid-connected can directly connect to the existing electricity grid by using inverter circuit toward transformer. In this paper, PV solar farm is utilized as a power generation which injects active power into a Japan east power system. An optimal location and sizing of solar farm by using multiobjective Bees optimization (MBO) is proposed to minimize fuel and emission costs of overall system with considering solar radiation energy in each area. The results show that the proposed method found the optimal position of solar farm with minimum cost of fuel and environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124076172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645304
Mehdi Lohrasbi, Piyapong Pattanapanishsawat, Mathew Isenberg, S. Chuang
Degradation in the performance of TiO2 based dye sensitized solar cells was studied by electrochemical impedance (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Degradation was carried out by aging the dye-sensitized solar cells in ambient conditions for 4500 hours. The current-voltage performance results, measured under solar simulator light show a 88% reduction in the short circuit current and 89% reduction in efficiency. Significant increase in the electron transfer resistance at TiO2/dye/electrolyte interfaces supports the fact that dye degradation and detachment from TiO2 surface governs the degradation process in DSSCs. FTIR analysis determines the cause of degradation in the DSSC performance to be the detachment of the dye molecules from the TiO2 surface promoted by the adsorption of H2O from the ambient. This was observed as an increase in the H2O absorption band between 3000 - 3600 cm-1, a decrease in the absorption band of SCN at 2100 cm-1, and TBA+ at 2974, 2929, and 2872 cm-1. The present work highlights the advantage of coupling electrochemical impedance and FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate changes in cell performance and to determine the cause of degradation on a molecular level.
{"title":"Degradation study of dye-sensitized solar cells by electrochemical impedance and FTIR spectroscopy","authors":"Mehdi Lohrasbi, Piyapong Pattanapanishsawat, Mathew Isenberg, S. Chuang","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYTECH.2013.6645304","url":null,"abstract":"Degradation in the performance of TiO2 based dye sensitized solar cells was studied by electrochemical impedance (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Degradation was carried out by aging the dye-sensitized solar cells in ambient conditions for 4500 hours. The current-voltage performance results, measured under solar simulator light show a 88% reduction in the short circuit current and 89% reduction in efficiency. Significant increase in the electron transfer resistance at TiO2/dye/electrolyte interfaces supports the fact that dye degradation and detachment from TiO2 surface governs the degradation process in DSSCs. FTIR analysis determines the cause of degradation in the DSSC performance to be the detachment of the dye molecules from the TiO2 surface promoted by the adsorption of H2O from the ambient. This was observed as an increase in the H2O absorption band between 3000 - 3600 cm-1, a decrease in the absorption band of SCN at 2100 cm-1, and TBA+ at 2974, 2929, and 2872 cm-1. The present work highlights the advantage of coupling electrochemical impedance and FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate changes in cell performance and to determine the cause of degradation on a molecular level.","PeriodicalId":154402,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Energytech","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121164109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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