Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2324163
A. Litvine, Arthur Starzec, Rehmana Younis, Yannick Faula, Mickael Coustaty, L. Shaw-Taylor, Véronique Églin
{"title":"Built-up areas of nineteenth-century Britain. An integrated methodology for extracting high-resolution urban footprints from historical maps","authors":"A. Litvine, Arthur Starzec, Rehmana Younis, Yannick Faula, Mickael Coustaty, L. Shaw-Taylor, Véronique Églin","doi":"10.1080/01615440.2024.2324163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2024.2324163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":154465,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2277719
Francisco J. Marco-Gracia
AbstractFor centuries, the Catholic Church demanded that baptisms take place in the hours immediately after birth. This custom began to lose importance in the last decade of the nineteenth century, which increased the average time between birth and baptism. However, some children continued to be baptized shortly following their birth. Our objective is to analyze whether early baptism could serve as an indicator of the state of a child’s health in the short and long term. In our examination of the period 1890-1939, the results confirm that children with early baptisms were more likely to die (especially during the first month of life), married earlier and at a greater rate compared to the general population and, probably, experienced shorter lifespans.Keywords: Cumulative disadvantagehealth disparitieschild developmentSpain Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 J. Arnal told us his story orally before passing away shortly thereafter.2 As we have verified in the various interviews conducted in the study area.3 Through a nominative linkage record, each individual has information on his or her birth, baptism, marriage and death (if these events were registered in the reference villages).4 In all these cases we used OLS models because we selected a continuous dependent variable.5 That is, we have grouped individuals by year of birth into 5-year groups.6 In some cases, the allegations were rejected by the authorities after several medical examinations.7 We consider in this category only those people who we know for sure were single at the age of 45 and we have evidence of their presence in the study area. With respect to out-migrants, as we cannot ascertain their presence in the locality as single people aged 45 or older, they have been omitted for the analysis.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, projects PID2022-138886NB-I00 and PGC2018-095529-B-I00, from the Government of Aragon, research group S55_23R.
{"title":"<i>“Born yesterday, baptized today, buried tomorrow”</i> : Early baptism as an indicator of negative life outcomes in rural Spain, 1890-1939","authors":"Francisco J. Marco-Gracia","doi":"10.1080/01615440.2023.2277719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2023.2277719","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractFor centuries, the Catholic Church demanded that baptisms take place in the hours immediately after birth. This custom began to lose importance in the last decade of the nineteenth century, which increased the average time between birth and baptism. However, some children continued to be baptized shortly following their birth. Our objective is to analyze whether early baptism could serve as an indicator of the state of a child’s health in the short and long term. In our examination of the period 1890-1939, the results confirm that children with early baptisms were more likely to die (especially during the first month of life), married earlier and at a greater rate compared to the general population and, probably, experienced shorter lifespans.Keywords: Cumulative disadvantagehealth disparitieschild developmentSpain Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 J. Arnal told us his story orally before passing away shortly thereafter.2 As we have verified in the various interviews conducted in the study area.3 Through a nominative linkage record, each individual has information on his or her birth, baptism, marriage and death (if these events were registered in the reference villages).4 In all these cases we used OLS models because we selected a continuous dependent variable.5 That is, we have grouped individuals by year of birth into 5-year groups.6 In some cases, the allegations were rejected by the authorities after several medical examinations.7 We consider in this category only those people who we know for sure were single at the age of 45 and we have evidence of their presence in the study area. With respect to out-migrants, as we cannot ascertain their presence in the locality as single people aged 45 or older, they have been omitted for the analysis.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, projects PID2022-138886NB-I00 and PGC2018-095529-B-I00, from the Government of Aragon, research group S55_23R.","PeriodicalId":154465,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History","volume":"79 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2270404
Robert L. J. Shaw, Tomáš Hampejs, David Zbíral
Despite significant research on the techniques of repression employed by medieval inquisitors against religious dissidents, the case-level influences on the penances they meted out are understood only vaguely: the extent to which sentencing “systems” existed is unknown. To overcome this, we apply formal methods – an exploratory analysis supported by crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, and statistical modeling founded on multiple linear regression – to the large and historically significant register of Peter Seila (1241–2), captured as structured data via a statement-based approach entitled “Computer-Assisted Semantic Text Modelling” (CASTEMO). The results show that Peter systematically weighted different types of crimes and dissident interactions when sentencing; they do not suggest, however, that he was influenced by accomplicity or kinship among the sentenced.
{"title":"Modeling systems of sentencing in early inquisition trials: Crime, social connectivity, and punishment in the register of Peter Seila (1241–2)","authors":"Robert L. J. Shaw, Tomáš Hampejs, David Zbíral","doi":"10.1080/01615440.2023.2270404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2023.2270404","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant research on the techniques of repression employed by medieval inquisitors against religious dissidents, the case-level influences on the penances they meted out are understood only vaguely: the extent to which sentencing “systems” existed is unknown. To overcome this, we apply formal methods – an exploratory analysis supported by crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, and statistical modeling founded on multiple linear regression – to the large and historically significant register of Peter Seila (1241–2), captured as structured data via a statement-based approach entitled “Computer-Assisted Semantic Text Modelling” (CASTEMO). The results show that Peter systematically weighted different types of crimes and dissident interactions when sentencing; they do not suggest, however, that he was influenced by accomplicity or kinship among the sentenced.","PeriodicalId":154465,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History","volume":"45 47","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2252330
K. Ostafin, M. Troll, Krzysztof Ślusarek, A. Smaliychuk, Anna Miklar, Krzysztof Gwosdz, N. Kolecka, D. Kaim
{"title":"Unlocking archival censuses for spatial analysis: An historical dataset of the administrative units of Galicia 1857–1910","authors":"K. Ostafin, M. Troll, Krzysztof Ślusarek, A. Smaliychuk, Anna Miklar, Krzysztof Gwosdz, N. Kolecka, D. Kaim","doi":"10.1080/01615440.2023.2252330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2023.2252330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":154465,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122394688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2239699
M. Bailey, Peter Zhixian Lin, A. Mohammed, Paul Mohnen, Jared S. Murray, Mengying Zhang, Alexa Prettyman
{"title":"The creation of LIFE-M: The Longitudinal, Intergenerational Family Electronic Micro-Database project","authors":"M. Bailey, Peter Zhixian Lin, A. Mohammed, Paul Mohnen, Jared S. Murray, Mengying Zhang, Alexa Prettyman","doi":"10.1080/01615440.2023.2239699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2023.2239699","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":154465,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132221329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2186998
Maria J. Wisselgren, L. Vikström
Abstract This study investigates the main features of collected disability statistics for the censuses in Sweden, 1860–1930, when the disability prevalence rose from four to 21 individuals per thousand of the population. We use qualitative methods to analyze the means of collecting, categorizing, and defining disability, while quantitative methods help us calculate the prevalence by disability type and gender in urban and rural areas. Our long-term findings reveal that this increase reflects new approaches whereby authorities applied alternative methods to collect disability data, using additional sources, wider definitions, and introducing new disability categories. The temporal variations in disability prevalence were influenced by the social and political context and normative views on who was considered disabled or not.
{"title":"Behind the numbers: Authorities’ approach to measuring disability in Swedish populations from 1860 to 1930","authors":"Maria J. Wisselgren, L. Vikström","doi":"10.1080/01615440.2023.2186998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2023.2186998","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the main features of collected disability statistics for the censuses in Sweden, 1860–1930, when the disability prevalence rose from four to 21 individuals per thousand of the population. We use qualitative methods to analyze the means of collecting, categorizing, and defining disability, while quantitative methods help us calculate the prevalence by disability type and gender in urban and rural areas. Our long-term findings reveal that this increase reflects new approaches whereby authorities applied alternative methods to collect disability data, using additional sources, wider definitions, and introducing new disability categories. The temporal variations in disability prevalence were influenced by the social and political context and normative views on who was considered disabled or not.","PeriodicalId":154465,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127359668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2156958
Eugene Costello, Kevin Kearney, B. Gearey
Abstract This paper uses interdisciplinary methods to investigate responses to the Little Ice Age in regions where livestock farming was dominant, a neglected subject due to the scarcity of detailed written records regarding pastoral land use. It argues that landscape-level histories which include pollen evidence and archaeology can address this challenge and reveal local processes of climate adaptation. Here we focus on Ireland and Scotland and a fascinating rise in small-scale cereal cultivation on upland pastures during the Little Ice Age. Bayesian modeling is used to test the chronological resolution of field evidence and compare it with climate reconstructions. We can see that the cultivation emerged in late medieval times, when cattle were facing climate-related stresses, and increased in early modern times during the Little Ice Age’s main phase. We suggest that it started in an indirect adaptation to climate change, supplementing supplies of food and fodder for pastoralists, but increased as rural populations and external market demands grew. There is a need for finer temporal resolution in pollen records and archaeology, as well as greater integration with socio-economic history, if we are to be more certain about changes in the relative significance of climate in pastoral land use.
{"title":"Adapting to the Little Ice Age in pastoral regions: An interdisciplinary approach to climate history in north-west Europe","authors":"Eugene Costello, Kevin Kearney, B. Gearey","doi":"10.1080/01615440.2022.2156958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2022.2156958","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper uses interdisciplinary methods to investigate responses to the Little Ice Age in regions where livestock farming was dominant, a neglected subject due to the scarcity of detailed written records regarding pastoral land use. It argues that landscape-level histories which include pollen evidence and archaeology can address this challenge and reveal local processes of climate adaptation. Here we focus on Ireland and Scotland and a fascinating rise in small-scale cereal cultivation on upland pastures during the Little Ice Age. Bayesian modeling is used to test the chronological resolution of field evidence and compare it with climate reconstructions. We can see that the cultivation emerged in late medieval times, when cattle were facing climate-related stresses, and increased in early modern times during the Little Ice Age’s main phase. We suggest that it started in an indirect adaptation to climate change, supplementing supplies of food and fodder for pastoralists, but increased as rural populations and external market demands grew. There is a need for finer temporal resolution in pollen records and archaeology, as well as greater integration with socio-economic history, if we are to be more certain about changes in the relative significance of climate in pastoral land use.","PeriodicalId":154465,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121768597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2160399
Marc Badia-Miró, Anna Carreras-Marín, Agustina Rayes
Abstract Data constraints determine the scope of historical research. The gradual digitalization of large sources has increased the number of approaches that can be applied to comprehend the past. Here, we show an example of how trade data can shed new light to better understand growth patterns of Latin America at the end of nineteenth century. Latin American exports during the First Globalization has mainly focused on the high concentration of few products to few markets. In this article, we propose a complementary way to measure diversification by considering the relative number of goods and the number of trade partners. To do so, we had to deal with historical official trade data hardly comparable, which has been homogenized for some countries in a 1910 benchmark (SITC-rev2). From that, we can offer a new measure of trade diversification, internationally comparable over time and across countries. Standardizing trade data also implies some consequences in the sense that the number of items for industrial goods is always greater than those for primary goods, arising the question if lower diversification is an inevitable result of specialization on commodities, or instead, it is a statistical artifact driven by the standard criterium we impose on data.
{"title":"Latin American exports during the first globalization: How statistical aggregation and standardization affect our understanding of trade","authors":"Marc Badia-Miró, Anna Carreras-Marín, Agustina Rayes","doi":"10.1080/01615440.2022.2160399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2022.2160399","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Data constraints determine the scope of historical research. The gradual digitalization of large sources has increased the number of approaches that can be applied to comprehend the past. Here, we show an example of how trade data can shed new light to better understand growth patterns of Latin America at the end of nineteenth century. Latin American exports during the First Globalization has mainly focused on the high concentration of few products to few markets. In this article, we propose a complementary way to measure diversification by considering the relative number of goods and the number of trade partners. To do so, we had to deal with historical official trade data hardly comparable, which has been homogenized for some countries in a 1910 benchmark (SITC-rev2). From that, we can offer a new measure of trade diversification, internationally comparable over time and across countries. Standardizing trade data also implies some consequences in the sense that the number of items for industrial goods is always greater than those for primary goods, arising the question if lower diversification is an inevitable result of specialization on commodities, or instead, it is a statistical artifact driven by the standard criterium we impose on data.","PeriodicalId":154465,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130230771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2164879
C. M. Dahl, Torben S. D. Johansen, Emil N. Sørensen, Christian Westermann, Simon F. Wittrock
Abstract Data acquisition forms the primary step in all empirical research. The availability of data directly impacts the quality and extent of conclusions and insights. In particular, larger and more detailed datasets provide convincing answers even to complex research questions. The main problem is that large and detailed usually imply costly and difficult, especially when the data medium is paper and books. Human operators and manual transcription has been the traditional approach for collecting historical data. We instead advocate the use of modern machine learning techniques to automate the digitization and transcription process. We propose a customizable end-to-end transcription pipeline to perform layout classification, table segmentation, and transcribe handwritten text that is suitable for tabular data, as is common in, e.g., census lists and birth and death records. We showcase our pipeline through two applications: The first demonstrates that unsupervised layout classification applied to raw scans of nurse journals can be used to obtain valuable insights into an extended nurse home visiting program. The second application uses attention-based neural networks for handwritten text recognition to transcribe age and birth and death dates and includes a comparison to automated transcription using Transkribus in the regime of tabular data. We describe each step in our pipeline and provide implementation insights.
{"title":"Applications of machine learning in tabular document digitisation","authors":"C. M. Dahl, Torben S. D. Johansen, Emil N. Sørensen, Christian Westermann, Simon F. Wittrock","doi":"10.1080/01615440.2023.2164879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2023.2164879","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Data acquisition forms the primary step in all empirical research. The availability of data directly impacts the quality and extent of conclusions and insights. In particular, larger and more detailed datasets provide convincing answers even to complex research questions. The main problem is that large and detailed usually imply costly and difficult, especially when the data medium is paper and books. Human operators and manual transcription has been the traditional approach for collecting historical data. We instead advocate the use of modern machine learning techniques to automate the digitization and transcription process. We propose a customizable end-to-end transcription pipeline to perform layout classification, table segmentation, and transcribe handwritten text that is suitable for tabular data, as is common in, e.g., census lists and birth and death records. We showcase our pipeline through two applications: The first demonstrates that unsupervised layout classification applied to raw scans of nurse journals can be used to obtain valuable insights into an extended nurse home visiting program. The second application uses attention-based neural networks for handwritten text recognition to transcribe age and birth and death dates and includes a comparison to automated transcription using Transkribus in the regime of tabular data. We describe each step in our pipeline and provide implementation insights.","PeriodicalId":154465,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127555323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2156957
Ulaş Karakoç
Abstract This study presents the first sectorally disaggregated estimates of the industrial output growth for Turkey between World War I and II. These estimates indicate that at the aggregate level the existing official index overestimates the output growth. Secondly, the sectoral disaggregation shows that the industrial growth was balanced, as both textiles and food-processing branches, which comprised most of the value-added, grew significantly. Local industries expanded against the only modest gains in per capita consumption of manufactured goods and incomes. Output growth was positively correlated with higher initial import penetration and nominal protection rates, which implies that trade protectionism helped favorable relative prices induce domestic expansion. On the other hand, both import-competing and domestic-market-oriented sectors significantly expanded, which suggests that import repression and increasing domestic demand drove industrial growth.
{"title":"A reassessment of industrial growth in interwar Turkey through first-generation sectoral estimates","authors":"Ulaş Karakoç","doi":"10.1080/01615440.2022.2156957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2022.2156957","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents the first sectorally disaggregated estimates of the industrial output growth for Turkey between World War I and II. These estimates indicate that at the aggregate level the existing official index overestimates the output growth. Secondly, the sectoral disaggregation shows that the industrial growth was balanced, as both textiles and food-processing branches, which comprised most of the value-added, grew significantly. Local industries expanded against the only modest gains in per capita consumption of manufactured goods and incomes. Output growth was positively correlated with higher initial import penetration and nominal protection rates, which implies that trade protectionism helped favorable relative prices induce domestic expansion. On the other hand, both import-competing and domestic-market-oriented sectors significantly expanded, which suggests that import repression and increasing domestic demand drove industrial growth.","PeriodicalId":154465,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History","volume":"2004 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131342078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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